Mountain settlement protection and renewal design method based on spatial three-dimensional quantification system

Abstract

The application discloses a mountainous settlement protection updating design method based on a space three-dimensional quantification system, belongs to the technical field of rural space planning and design, and establishes a settlement three-dimensional terrain model according to oblique photography image data and terrain data, is favorable for providing data support for multi-dimensional quantification analysis of mountainous space forms, extracts a heritage unit of the settlement three-dimensional terrain model to establish a space three-dimensional quantification model, constructs a relatively comprehensive and systematic space quantification index system, carries out value calculation and analysis on the space index, improves the scientificity and accuracy of mountainous settlement space analysis, and enhances the guidance validity of settlement space protection updating design practice. Corresponding quantification data is obtained, and the quantification data is compared with a quantification index standard value, whether the updated and expanded settlement planning and design continues the space form feature of the traditional settlement is judged, and the correlation analysis of the quantification index data and the settlement space control elements of the protection updating design and the design guidance of the settlement style planning are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of rural spatial planning and design technology, specifically involving a design method for the protection and renewal of mountain settlements based on a spatial three-dimensional quantification system. Background Technology

[0002] The scale, layout, texture, and structure of traditional settlements are manifestations of specific natural laws and economic and cultural patterns in physical space. In today's era of urbanization and industrialization, the slow, organic, bottom-up spatial growth and renewal process of traditional settlements has been disrupted by human intervention such as urban renewal and rural tourism. How to preserve regional character and unique cultural heritage in the process of modernization, and achieve sustainable development of traditional settlement spaces, has become a hot topic in rural development both domestically and internationally.

[0003] Traditional studies on settlement spatial morphology have long been conducted in disciplines such as architecture and urban and rural planning. Current spatial analysis techniques fall into two main categories: qualitative and quantitative. Classical research methods involve qualitative summarization and description, focusing on the surrounding environment and features of the settlement. This involves combining internal and external factors such as topography and cultural connotations to describe, summarize, and classify settlement spatial patterns. For example, settlement spaces are often categorized based on road network morphology into dendritic, radial, and network types; or based on layout patterns into clustered, loosely clustered, and scattered types; and also based on settlement structure into strip, centripetal, discrete, and composite types, among others. However, qualitative research is too subjective and lacks accuracy in explaining spatial patterns. More precise and practical quantitative indicators are needed to guide rural spatial planning.

[0004] Existing quantitative analysis techniques for settlement space tend to focus on the planar morphology of settlements, applying geometric principles to mathematically analyze shape, structure, and order, or utilizing spatial syntax, fractal geometry, and parametric design tools to quantitatively interpret the structural characteristics of space. Quantitative research has expanded the methods and perspectives of settlement morphology research, and its theories and techniques are becoming increasingly rich, but there is still considerable room for improvement: First, integration needs to be strengthened. Comprehensive studies integrating multiple analytical methods are rare, often confined to a single dimension or local area, lacking quantitative techniques that comprehensively express three-dimensional spatial characteristics. Second, regional specificity urgently needs to be highlighted. The selection of quantitative indicators tends to be similar, lacking strong regional specificity, and the corresponding analytical results do not match the actual settlement morphology well. Third, a systematic construction is missing. Existing research focuses more on macroscopic morphological analysis, while quantitative research at the meso- and microscopic scales is still in its early stages, lacking effective research results. Future research should focus on in-depth exploration of multidimensional analysis technology integration, extraction of regional characteristic indicators, and construction of meso- and microscopic quantitative systems.

[0005] Therefore, to protect and inherit the spatial context of traditional settlements, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the structural patterns of settlement spaces and the generation and development logic of their internal textures. Based on existing quantitative research, this invention constructs a three-dimensional quantitative model of the spatial morphology of mountain settlements, establishes a quantitative analysis and evaluation method for the spatial morphology of traditional mountain settlements based on a three-dimensional quantitative system, and applies it to the planning practice of protecting and renewing traditional mountain settlement spaces. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a design method for the protection and renewal of mountain settlements based on a spatial three-dimensional quantitative system, so as to solve the problem that the existing technology is insufficient in terms of multi-dimensional analysis and integration technology, extraction of regional characteristic indicators, and construction of meso-micro quantitative system, making it difficult to provide scientific guidance for the protection and inheritance of the spatial context of traditional settlements.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution:

[0008] This invention discloses a method for the protection and renewal design of mountain settlements based on a spatial three-dimensional quantization system, comprising the following steps:

[0009] A three-dimensional terrain model of the settlement is established based on the terrain data and oblique photogrammetry data of the settlement to be protected and updated;

[0010] Five stable inheritance units were extracted from the three-dimensional terrain model of the settlement, a spatial three-dimensional quantitative model was established, and the standard values ​​of the quantitative indicators were determined.

[0011] The data of the updated and expanded new areas are substituted into the spatial three-dimensional quantitative model to calculate the corresponding spatial morphology index values; the similarity between the calculated index values ​​of the spatial morphology of the updated and expanded new areas and the quantitative index standard values ​​is compared, and the spatial morphology of the updated and expanded new areas is judged based on the similarity to determine whether the spatial morphology of the updated and expanded new areas meets the standard of continuing the traditional settlement spatial morphology.

[0012] For newly renovated or expanded areas that do not meet the standards for continuing the spatial form of traditional settlements, corresponding design adjustments will be made based on the similarity between their spatial form data and quantitative indicator standard values ​​until the similarity meets the preset standards.

[0013] Preferably, the oblique photogrammetric image data of the settlement to be protected and updated is processed by Context Capture software to obtain the settlement Acute3D Viewer, and the terrain data of the settlement to be protected and updated is used to establish a three-dimensional model of the settlement buildings through GIS. The three-dimensional terrain model and the three-dimensional model of the settlement buildings are merged to generate a three-dimensional terrain model of the settlement.

[0014] Preferably, the five stable inheritance units of the settlement three-dimensional terrain model include: natural environment, boundary morphology, public space, street and alley morphology, and building group order.

[0015] Preferably, the characteristics of the natural environment include elevation, slope, aspect, and distance to water.

[0016] Preferably, the characteristics of the boundary morphology include: aspect ratio, boundary morphology index, and vertical boundary dispersion, specifically determined by the following formula:

[0017]

[0018]

[0019]

[0020] Among them, L a L b λ represents the major and minor axes of the plane, S is the boundary shape index; P is the settlement boundary perimeter; A is the settlement area; λ is the aspect ratio; L is the vertical boundary dispersion; C and m represent the vertical boundary perimeter and area, respectively.

[0021] Preferably, the characteristics of the public space include the fractal dimension and building density, determined by the following formula:

[0022]

[0023] Where D represents the fractal dimension of the public space patch; C t Represents the perimeter of a public space feature; A t Represents the area of ​​a public space patch.

[0024] Preferably, the characteristics of the street and alley morphology include: structural morphology and interface morphology; the interface morphology indicators include the interface aspect ratio, interface layering, and street and alley undulation, which are determined by the following formula:

[0025]

[0026] Among them, C v σ represents the standard deviation of the distance from the building's street frontage to the road centerline, and μ represents the mean distance from the building's street frontage to the road centerline; q a Indicates the undulation of streets and alleys, a n Indicates the slope angle of the centerline of a street or alleyway. This represents the average slope angle of the centerline of a street or alleyway.

[0027] This invention also discloses a mountain settlement protection and renewal design system based on a spatial three-dimensional quantization system, comprising:

[0028] The preprocessing unit is used to build a three-dimensional terrain model of the settlement based on the terrain data and oblique photogrammetric image data of the settlement to be protected and updated.

[0029] A unit was established to extract five stable inherited units from the three-dimensional terrain model of the settlement, a spatial three-dimensional quantitative model was established, and the standard values ​​of the quantitative indicators were determined.

[0030] The judgment unit is used to input the data of the updated and expanded new area into the spatial three-dimensional quantitative model to calculate the corresponding spatial morphology index value; compare the similarity between the calculated index value of the spatial morphology of the updated and expanded new area and the standard value of the quantitative index, and judge whether the spatial morphology of the updated and expanded new area meets the standard of continuing the traditional settlement spatial morphology based on the similarity.

[0031] The design unit is used to adjust the design of new areas that have been updated or expanded but have not met the standards for continuing the spatial form of traditional settlements, based on the similarity between their spatial form data and the quantitative indicator standard values, until the similarity meets the preset standard model.

[0032] The present invention also discloses an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the mountain settlement protection and renewal design method based on the spatial three-dimensional quantization system described above.

[0033] The present invention also discloses a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the mountain settlement protection and renewal design method based on a spatial three-dimensional quantization system described above.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] The invention discloses a method for the protection and renewal design of mountain settlements based on a spatial three-dimensional quantification system. This method establishes a three-dimensional terrain model of the settlement based on oblique photographic imagery and topographic data. This provides data support for multi-dimensional quantitative analysis of mountain spatial morphology. After extracting five stable inheritance units from the three-dimensional terrain model of the settlement, a spatial three-dimensional quantification model is established, constructing a relatively comprehensive and systematic spatial quantification index system. Modern surveying, digital modeling, and visualization programming technologies are applied to calculate and analyze the spatial indicators, improving the scientific rigor and accuracy of spatial analysis of mountain settlements and enhancing the guiding validity for the practice of settlement spatial protection and renewal design. The spatial morphology models of traditional settlements and newly planned settlements are broken down into inheritance units, which are then substituted into a three-dimensional spatial quantitative model to obtain corresponding quantitative data. This data is then compared with the corresponding quantitative indicator standard values ​​to determine whether the planning and design of updated and expanded settlements continue the spatial morphology characteristics of traditional settlements. For updated and expanded new areas that do not meet the standards for continuing the spatial morphology of traditional settlements, the design is adjusted according to the similarity between their spatial morphology data and the quantitative indicator standard values ​​until the similarity meets the preset standards. This facilitates the correlation analysis between quantitative indicator data and the spatial control elements of settlements in the protection and renewal design, as well as the design guidance for settlement landscape planning.

[0036] Preferably, an analytical system was constructed, consisting of five sets of quantitative indicators for traditional mountain settlements: natural environment, boundary morphology, public space, street and alley morphology, and group order. A three-dimensional model of settlement buildings and streets was established using modern surveying and modeling techniques. Three-dimensional quantitative indicators that conform to the regional characteristics of mountain settlements and can be used to examine and evaluate vertical spatial morphological features were extracted, which is conducive to improving the accuracy of the evaluation. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 A three-dimensional quantitative model system diagram of the spatial morphology of traditional mountain settlements;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a spatial morphology diagram of a mountain settlement according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 A classification map of the spatial morphology of traditional settlements in southern Shaanxi;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a data evaluation diagram of the spatial morphology of settlements relative to traditional settlements in this invention;

[0042] Figure 6 Map showing the actual boundaries of the ancient town;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a 3D terrain model of the ancient town.

[0044] Figure 8 A flowchart for quantifying the order of building clusters;

[0045] Figure 9 This is a box plot of the building group order data for the ancient town area and the new town area according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 10 This is a data map showing the similarity of spatial morphological features between the new town area and the old town area in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0049] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0050] See Figure 1 This invention discloses a method for the protection and renewal design of mountain settlements based on a spatial three-dimensional quantization system, comprising the following steps:

[0051] S1: Establish a three-dimensional terrain model of the settlement based on the terrain data and oblique photogrammetric image data of the settlement to be protected and updated;

[0052] S2: Extract five stable inheritance units from the three-dimensional terrain model of the settlement, establish a spatial three-dimensional quantitative model, and determine the standard values ​​of the quantitative indicators;

[0053] S3: Substitute the data of the updated and expanded new area into the spatial three-dimensional quantitative model to calculate the corresponding spatial morphology index value; compare the similarity between the calculated index value of the spatial morphology of the updated and expanded new area and the standard value of the quantitative index, and judge whether the spatial morphology of the updated and expanded new area meets the standard of continuing the traditional settlement spatial morphology based on the similarity.

[0054] S4: For newly built or expanded areas that do not meet the standards for continuing the spatial form of traditional settlements, design adjustments will be made based on the similarity between their spatial form data and the quantitative indicator standard values ​​until the similarity meets the preset standards.

[0055] This application establishes a three-dimensional topographic model of the settlement based on oblique photographic imagery and topographic data of the settlement to be protected and updated. This is beneficial for providing data support for multi-dimensional quantitative analysis of mountain spatial morphology. After extracting five stable inheritance units from the three-dimensional topographic model of the settlement, a spatial three-dimensional quantitative model is established, and a relatively comprehensive and systematic spatial quantitative index system is constructed. Modern surveying, digital modeling, and visualization programming technologies are applied to calculate and analyze the spatial index values, which improves the scientificity and accuracy of spatial analysis of mountain settlements and enhances the guiding validity for the design practice of settlement spatial protection and renewal. The spatial morphology models of traditional settlements and newly planned settlements are broken down into inheritance units, which are then substituted into a three-dimensional spatial quantitative model to obtain corresponding quantitative data. This data is then compared with the corresponding quantitative indicator standard values ​​to determine whether the planning and design of updated and expanded settlements continue the spatial morphology characteristics of traditional settlements. For updated and expanded new areas that do not meet the standards for continuing the spatial morphology of traditional settlements, the design is adjusted according to the similarity between their spatial morphology data and the quantitative indicator standard values ​​until the similarity meets the preset standards. This facilitates the correlation analysis between quantitative indicator data and the spatial control elements of settlements in the protection and renewal design, as well as the design guidance for settlement landscape planning.

[0056] In some embodiments, the present invention discloses a mountain settlement protection and renewal design method based on a spatial three-dimensional quantization system, which mainly includes three steps:

[0057] Step 1: Establish a 3D terrain model of the settlement based on the 3D spatial data of the settlement to be protected and updated.

[0058] Oblique photogrammetric image data of the settlement to be protected and updated is acquired, and processed by Context Capture software to obtain a 3D terrain model of the settlement using Acute3D Viewer. Terrain data of the settlement to be protected and updated is acquired, and a 3D model of the settlement buildings is established using GIS. The 3D terrain model and the 3D model of the settlement buildings are merged to generate a 3D terrain model of the settlement.

[0059] Step Two: Extract five stable inherited units from the three-dimensional terrain model of the settlement, establish a spatial three-dimensional quantitative model, and determine the standard values ​​of the quantitative indicators:

[0060] Based on existing quantitative research, five stable combination patterns of natural environment, settlement boundary, public space, street, and building order are extracted as inheritance units of settlement spatial form. The three-dimensional terrain model of the settlement is broken down according to the inheritance unit. Quantitative spatial indicators that combine two-dimensional and three-dimensional analysis and regional characteristics are selected and formulated to conduct quantitative analysis and obtain the quantitative indicator standard values ​​of each inheritance unit.

[0061] Step 3: Spatial Indicator Verification and Evaluation

[0062] The data of updated and expanded settlements are substituted into the spatial three-dimensional quantitative model to obtain the corresponding spatial morphology indicators. The similarity between the spatial morphology data of the updated and expanded new areas and the standard values ​​of the quantitative indicators is compared. When the similarity is lower than the specified value, modification suggestions are made for the spatial morphology inheritance unit, which serves as a scientific guide for ensuring the continuation of the spatial morphology of traditional settlements in planning and design.

[0063] In some embodiments, this application discloses a method for the protection and renewal design of mountain settlements based on a spatial three-dimensional quantization system, comprising the following steps:

[0064] Step 1: Establish a 3D terrain model of the settlement based on the terrain data and oblique photogrammetry data of the settlement to be protected and updated.

[0065] Obtain oblique photogrammetry 3D models and DEM data of the settlements to be protected and updated. Through field surveys, using UAV oblique photogrammetry technology, upload photo data using the cloud-based Earth website to create a realistic 3D terrain model. Obtain DEM data of the mountain settlements from a geospatial data cloud website, and use GIS to create a 3D model of the settlement buildings. Merge the 3D terrain model and the 3D settlement building model to obtain the final 3D terrain model of the settlement.

[0066] Step Two: Extract five stable inherited units from the three-dimensional terrain model of the settlement, establish a spatial three-dimensional quantitative model, and determine the standard values ​​of the quantitative indicators:

[0067] The three-dimensional terrain model of the settlement is broken down and processed according to the natural environment, boundary morphology, public space, street and alley morphology and building group order. A three-dimensional quantitative index model is established to determine the spatial indicators of the settlement to be protected and updated.

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] Preferably, the quantitative indicators of the natural environment are: the standard deviation of indicators such as elevation, slope, and distance to water, as well as the proportion of slopes on sunny slopes, are selected to quantitatively describe the characteristics of the spatial morphology of mountain settlements under the influence of the natural environment.

[0071] Preferably, the boundary morphology index is as follows: three layers (100m, 30m, and 7m) of the settlement boundary are established, and the settlement boundary morphology index (Formula 1) and the ratio of the major and minor axes of the settlement plane (Formula 2) are used to make a comprehensive judgment. In the vertical direction, the compactness is used to analyze the degree of deviation from the shape of an equal-area rectangle (Formula 3) to reflect the complexity of the vertical boundary of the settlement.

[0072]

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] Among them, L a L b λ represents the major and minor axes of the plane, respectively; S is the boundary shape index; P is the perimeter of the settlement boundary, m; A is the area of ​​the settlement, m2; λ is the aspect ratio; L represents the vertical boundary dispersion; and C and m represent the vertical boundary perimeter and area, respectively.

[0076] Preferably, the public space index uses the public space fractal dimension (Formula 4) to supplement the description of the degree of public space structuring.

[0077]

[0078] Where D represents the fractal dimension of the public space patch; C t Represents the perimeter of a public space feature; A t Represents the area of ​​a public space patch.

[0079] Preferably, the morphological characteristics of streets and alleys include: street and alley structural morphology and street and alley interface morphology. The street and alley structural morphology indicators include coordination and comprehensibility.

[0080] Synergy: refers to the degree of correlation between the integration degree of radius 3 and the integration degree of radius n, used to measure the extent to which a smaller spatial system is associated with the larger spatial system into which it is embedded.

[0081] Understandability: Understandability calculates the correlation between connectivity and global integration. It uses the number of axes that directly intersect a given axis as a reliable indicator to measure the importance of that axis within the system. Good understandability suggests that the overall structure can be deciphered from its local structures.

[0082] Street and alley interface morphology indicators: interface height-to-width ratio, interface layering (Formula 6), and street and alley undulation (Formula 7) are used to describe the street and alley interface morphology genes.

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] Among them, C v σ represents the standard deviation of the distance from the building's street frontage to the road centerline, and μ represents the mean distance from the building's street frontage to the road centerline; q a Indicates the undulation of streets and alleys, a n Indicates the slope angle of the centerline of a street or alleyway. This represents the average slope angle of the centerline of a street or alleyway.

[0086] Preferably, the order characteristics of the building group include: order of building plan form, group orientation characteristics, group spatial layout characteristics, and group height order;

[0087] The order of the building's planar form:

[0088] The aspect ratio of the minimum bounding rectangle (Formula 8), and the approximate area (Formula 9).

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] Where C1 represents the disorder of the aspect ratio of the minimum bounding rectangle, and C0 represents the aspect ratio C of the minimum bounding rectangle of the central building of the group. i C2 represents the aspect ratio of the minimum bounding rectangle of any group of buildings, n represents the number of building groups; C2 represents the approximation degree, m0 represents the area of ​​the central building of the group, and m i represents the building area of ​​any group of buildings, and n represents the number of building groups.

[0092] The group orientation characteristics:

[0093] Proximity to the road: A quantitative interpretation of the relationship between the orientation of building groups and the main streets and alleys, analyzing the orientation order of building groups in mountain settlements (Formula 10).

[0094]

[0095] In the formula, C3 represents the orientation relative to the road, j0 represents the angle between the roof ridge line of the central building of the group and the center line of the road, and j i denoted by , where represents the angle between any group of buildings and the road centerline, and n represents the number of building groups.

[0096] The spatial layout characteristics of the group:

[0097] The layout order is further described by the indicators of the density of the layout between individual buildings (Formula 11) and the water affinity of the layout (Formula 12).

[0098]

[0099]

[0100] Where C4 represents the layout density, d i Represents the distance between any group of buildings. Represents the average distance, n represents the number of building clusters, C5 represents the density of the layout, and L i Represents the distance between any group of buildings. This represents the mean distance.

[0101] The group is highly ordered:

[0102] The building center of gravity elevation disorder (Formula 13) is used to describe the change of the building with the terrain.

[0103]

[0104] Where C6 represents the layout density, h i Represents the elevation of the center of gravity of the settlement buildings. This represents the average elevation of the center of gravity of buildings in a settlement.

[0105] Step 3: Verification and Evaluation of Spatial Indicators

[0106] Based on the aforementioned three-dimensional quantitative index model, the values ​​of five spatial indicators are calculated for the proposed protection and renewal planning design. Through index verification and similarity evaluation, the degree of matching with the original spatial generation pattern is examined, and finally, an optimized design scheme for the protection and renewal planning is proposed.

[0107] The weights of each item in the comprehensive similarity evaluation of spatial indicators are determined by the expert scoring method: experts score the importance of different morphological indicators to the morphological feature, assign a certain weight to each indicator, and calculate the individual similarity of each indicator (Equation 14) and the comprehensive similarity obtained by weighting the individual similarity of each indicator (Equation 15).

[0108] S′=(l-|x a -x b | / x a )*100% (14)

[0109]

[0110] In the formula, S′ represents the similarity of a single indicator, x a x represents the numerical value of the spatial morphology-related indicators of the new scheme. b For the updated values ​​of indicators related to the spatial morphology of settlements, S N s′ represents the similarity of the indicators among the groups. i y represents the similarity value of various spatial morphology-related indicators, and y represents the indicator weight value.

[0111] Based on the similarity evaluation index system, the similarity of the updated protection design scheme is evaluated. If the similarity reaches the preset threshold, it means that the new scheme conforms to the spatial characteristics of the original settlement and can be used as a candidate scheme. If the similarity is low, the scheme must be adjusted and corrected until it meets the requirements.

[0112]

Example

[0113] Traditional mountain settlements exhibit more complex spatial morphology due to the influence of topography compared to plains settlements. Simply applying modern urban planning and design methods mechanically, or relying on a superficial understanding of mountain settlement spatial morphology for subjective protection and renewal, will likely fail to guarantee the continuation of the unique spatial character of traditional settlements. (See Shuhe Town as an example.) Figure 3 The lack of scientific guidance in the construction of the new area has led to significant differences in the spatial form and appearance between the new town area and the old town area. Biological traits are composed of multiple genes, and settlement morphology is the outward manifestation of various spatial elements forming stable combinations according to certain rules. By identifying these stable combination units of traditional mountain settlement spatial morphology and using indicators to quantify and describe them, the complex spatial morphology can be presented digitally, providing a scientific basis for its protection and continuation.

[0114] Existing quantitative methods are often used in the classification of settlement spatial morphology, such as... Figure 4 By quantifying multiple traditional settlement research samples and then using SPSS to perform correlation analysis and clustering of the quantified data, settlements in specific regions can be categorized. While this quantitative study of settlement spatial morphology is helpful for understanding settlements, it has limited guiding significance for the inheritance of settlement spatial morphology. This invention will establish a three-dimensional quantitative index system for settlement spatial morphology, digitally representing the inheritance units of mountain settlement spatial morphology, establishing a database, and using this database to evaluate planning and design schemes for protection and renewal. (See [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 5 Based on the evaluation results, improvement suggestions are proposed. This invention can scientifically and effectively ensure the protection and continuation of complex mountain settlement spatial morphology.

[0115] The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0116] Evaluate whether the planning and design scheme of Shuhe New Town conforms to the spatial morphological characteristics of the ancient town.

[0117] DEM data was acquired to create a 3D model of the settlement buildings in the ancient town. UAV oblique photography technology was used to create a 3D terrain model of the settlement landscape. Figure 6 , 7 ).

[0118] The 3D terrain model and the 3D settlement building model are merged to generate a 3D settlement terrain model. See [link / reference]. Figure 2 The five stable inheritance units of the settlement three-dimensional terrain model include: natural environment, boundary, public space, streets and alleys and building groups; based on the five stable inheritance units of the settlement three-dimensional terrain model, a spatial three-dimensional quantitative model is established and the standard values ​​of quantitative indicators are determined.

[0119] Using node-based programming, quantitative programs for various indicators are written, such as a quantitative program diagram for building group order. Figure 8 Input the 3D model data of the ancient town area and the new town area into the program respectively, and obtain the values ​​of each indicator in each indicator set, such as the box plot of the building group order data of the ancient town area and the new town area. Figure 9 ).

[0120] The spatial morphology index data of the settlement obtained by quantification are used to verify and evaluate whether the planning and design scheme of the new town area of ​​Shuhe Ancient Town conforms to the spatial morphological characteristics of the ancient town.

[0121] By calculating the similarity of spatial morphological features between the new town area and the old town area ( Figure 10 The weighted overall similarity of the natural site selection feature group was 73.6%, the weighted overall similarity of the boundary shape feature group was 55.6%, the weighted overall similarity of the public space feature group was 53.6%, the weighted overall similarity of the street and alley morphology feature group was 68.2%, and the similarity of the building group order feature group was 59.8%. Figure 6 The evaluation scores are categorized as Excellent (90-100), Good (80-90), Average (70-80), Pass (60-70), and Unsatisfactory (below 60). This indicates that the new town area exhibits poor similarity in three aspects: boundary shape characteristics, public space characteristics, and building group order characteristics. The street and alleyway morphological characteristics meet the pass standard, and the natural site selection characteristics meet the average standard. Overall, the spatial form of the new town area differs significantly from that of the ancient town area and does not conform to the spatial morphological characteristics of the ancient town. Based on the evaluation results, the following planning and design improvement suggestions are proposed to provide a reference for future planning and construction:

[0122] ① In terms of natural site selection characteristics, the building site selection takes into account different elevations and combines the building site selection with the terrain. The building complex is staggered with the terrain, changing the design method of excessive artificial modification of natural terrain and improving the relationship between the building site selection and the main water body.

[0123] ② Regarding the boundary shape characteristics, the building plan boundaries are too complex. The planning and design should focus on echoing the natural environment. The extension of the long and short axes of the new town should extend along the long axis of the water body. The skyline of the new area should echo the mountain terrain.

[0124] ③ In terms of public space characteristics, the public spaces in the new town area are relatively fragmented. Large public spaces such as public squares should be formed in some areas, and the building density should be appropriately increased.

[0125] ④ In terms of street and alley morphology, the organization of streets and alleys is too simple, making the main streets the core space. Auxiliary streets should be added appropriately. The spatial organization of streets and alleys has lost the immersive and wandering feeling of the ancient town's street and alley spatial organization. The design of street and alley interface space can appropriately increase the concavity and convexity of the street and alley interface, appropriately reduce the height-to-width ratio of the street and alley space, and appropriately combine the design of street and alley roads with the natural terrain.

[0126] ⑤ In terms of the characteristics of building group order, the changes in the plan shape and base area between buildings should be increased, the relationship between the building orientation and the road should be more flexible, the layout between buildings should be more compact within a reasonable range, and the changes in building height should be more diverse.

[0127] This invention also discloses a spatial morphology judgment system for mountain settlements based on a three-dimensional quantization system, comprising:

[0128] The preprocessing unit is used to build a three-dimensional terrain model of the settlement based on the terrain data and oblique photogrammetric image data of the settlement to be protected and updated.

[0129] A unit was established to extract five stable inherited units from the three-dimensional terrain model of the settlement, a spatial three-dimensional quantitative model was established, and the standard values ​​of the quantitative indicators were determined.

[0130] The judgment unit is used to input the data of the updated and expanded new area into the spatial three-dimensional quantitative model to obtain the corresponding spatial morphology index; compare the similarity between the spatial morphology data of the updated and expanded new area and the standard value of the quantitative index, and judge whether the spatial morphology of the updated and expanded new area meets the standard of continuing the traditional settlement spatial morphology based on the similarity.

[0131] The design unit is used to adjust the design of new areas that have been updated or expanded but have not met the standards for continuing the spatial form of traditional settlements, based on the similarity between their spatial form data and the quantitative indicator standard values, until the similarity meets the preset standard model.

[0132] The present invention also discloses an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the mountain settlement protection and renewal design method based on the spatial three-dimensional quantization system described above.

[0133] The present invention also discloses a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the mountain settlement protection and renewal design method based on a spatial three-dimensional quantization system described above.

[0134] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0135] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0136] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0137] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0138] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for the protection and renewal design of mountain settlements based on a spatial three-dimensional quantization system, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A three-dimensional terrain model of the settlement is established based on the terrain data and oblique photogrammetry data of the settlement to be protected and updated; Five stable inheritance units were extracted from the three-dimensional terrain model of the settlement, a spatial three-dimensional quantitative model was established, and the standard values ​​of the quantitative indicators were determined. The data of the updated and expanded new area are substituted into the spatial three-dimensional quantitative model to calculate the corresponding spatial morphology index values; By comparing the similarity between the calculated index values ​​of the spatial morphology of the updated and expanded new areas and the standard values ​​of the quantitative indicators, it is determined whether the spatial morphology of the updated and expanded new areas meets the standard of continuing the spatial morphology of traditional settlements. For new areas that have been updated or expanded but have not met the standards for continuing the spatial form of traditional settlements, corresponding design adjustments will be made based on the similarity between their spatial form data and the quantitative indicator standard values ​​until the similarity meets the preset similarity threshold. The five stable inheritance units of the settlement three-dimensional terrain model include: natural environment, boundary morphology, public space, street and alley morphology, and building group order. The characteristics of the natural environment include elevation, slope, aspect, and distance from water. The characteristics of the boundary morphology include: aspect ratio, boundary morphology index, and vertical boundary dispersion. The characteristics of the public space include the fractal dimension of the public space and the building density; The characteristics of the street and alley morphology include: structural morphology and interface morphology; the interface morphology indicators include the interface height-to-width ratio, interface layering, and street and alley undulation.

2. The method for the protection and renewal design of mountain settlements based on a spatial three-dimensional quantization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oblique photogrammetric image data of the settlement to be protected and updated is processed by Context Capture software to obtain the settlement Acute3D Viewer. The terrain data of the settlement to be protected and updated is used to establish a 3D model of the settlement buildings through GIS. The 3D terrain model and the 3D settlement building model are merged to generate a 3D terrain model of the settlement.

3. The method for the protection and renewal design of mountain settlements based on a spatial three-dimensional quantization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The characteristics of the boundary shape are determined by the following formula: λ= (1) S= （2） L= （3） in, , λ represents the major and minor axes of the plane, S is the boundary shape index; P is the settlement boundary perimeter; A is the settlement area; λ is the aspect ratio; L is the vertical boundary dispersion; C and m represent the vertical boundary perimeter and area, respectively.

4. The method for the protection and renewal design of mountain settlements based on a spatial three-dimensional quantization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The characteristics of the public space are determined by the following formula: D= （4） Where D represents the fractal dimension of the public space patch; Represents the perimeter of a public space feature; Represents the area of ​​a public space patch.

5. The method for the protection and renewal design of mountain settlements based on a spatial three-dimensional quantization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The characteristics of the street and alley morphology are determined by the following formula: = （6） = （7） in, , This represents the standard deviation of the distance from the building's street frontage to the road centerline. This represents the average distance from the building's street frontage to the road centerline. , Indicates the slope angle of the centerline of a street or alleyway. This represents the average slope angle of the centerline of a street or alleyway.

6. A spatial morphology judgment system for mountain settlements based on a three-dimensional quantization system, characterized in that, The method for designing the conservation and renewal of mountain settlements based on a spatial three-dimensional quantization system as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 includes: The preprocessing unit is used to build a three-dimensional terrain model of the settlement based on the terrain data and oblique photogrammetric image data of the settlement to be protected and updated. A unit was established to extract five stable inherited units from the three-dimensional terrain model of the settlement, a spatial three-dimensional quantitative model was established, and the standard values ​​of the quantitative indicators were determined. The judgment unit is used to input the data of the updated and expanded new area into the spatial three-dimensional quantitative model to calculate the corresponding spatial morphology index value; compare the similarity between the calculated index value of the spatial morphology of the updated and expanded new area and the standard value of the quantitative index, and judge whether the spatial morphology of the updated and expanded new area meets the standard of continuing the traditional settlement spatial morphology based on the similarity. The design unit is used to adjust the design of new areas that have been updated or expanded but have not met the standards for continuing the spatial form of traditional settlements, based on the similarity between their spatial form data and the quantitative indicator standard values, until the similarity meets the preset standard model.

7. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the mountain settlement protection and renewal design method based on a spatial three-dimensional quantization system as described in any one of claims 1-5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the mountain settlement protection and renewal design method based on a spatial three-dimensional quantization system as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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