Eyeglasses and related methods for subjects whose eyes are provided with a myopia control regimen

Abstract

A pair of glasses (1) for a subject whose eyes have been provided with a myopia control program that causes a change in the eye characteristics over time, the glasses comprising: - at least one ophthalmic lens (100) having adjustable optical features and to be placed in front of the subject's eyes to improve the subject's vision; - a control unit (200) including one or more memories (220) and one or more processors (210), and adapted to control the ophthalmic lens by setting the adjustable optical features to a current value (CV); the one or more memories storing data (221) relating to the change in the eye characteristics over time, the one or more processors being programmed to determine the current value of the adjustable optical features based on the data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to eyeglasses for subjects whose eyes have been provided with a myopia control program.

[0002] The present invention also relates to a method for determining the current value of the adjustable optical characteristics of the ophthalmic lens of such glasses. Background Technology

[0003] Myopia is a common refractive error characterized by the eye focusing distant objects in front of the retina. Myopia is usually corrected using concave lenses that provide negative refractive power.

[0004] Observations have shown that correction based on conventional concave lenses causes inaccurate focusing on near objects in some subjects, particularly children. This focusing defect causes the image of near objects to form behind the retina and may influence the development of myopia. Recent studies have indicated that inappropriate correction provided by ordinary single-vision lenses can contribute to the development of myopia, primarily in the peripheral retina. Images from the periphery of the visual field are focused behind the retina (i.e., hyperopic astigmatism) and stimulate eyeball elongation. Therefore, inappropriate correction may accelerate the development of myopia. Furthermore, high myopia is associated with a higher risk of retinal and choroidal diseases. Therefore, delaying the progression of myopia as soon as it occurs is crucial and could benefit millions of children and adults worldwide.

[0005] Several methods and products have been developed to slow the progression of myopia. The different methods and products known to limit myopia progression are called myopia control programs, and may include, for example, the use of orthokeratology (ortho-k) contact lenses, soft bifocal contact lenses, topical drug preparations such as atropine or pirenzepine, and progressive or bifocal ophthalmic lenses. Each subject may respond differently to different possible myopia control programs.

[0006] Some myopia control programs caused daily changes in the visual performance of subjects implementing one of these programs. The time-related effects of these myopia control programs typically lasted for several hours, for example, about ten hours.

[0007] Using atropine eye drops or orthokeratology contact lenses are two examples of such time-related daily myopia control programs. Atropine eye drops instilled into the eye cause pupillary dilation and a decrease in the accommodative response. However, the effect of atropine is time-related and decreases over time. When the molecular concentration drops below the physiological threshold, such as at the end of the day, the subject's pupillary dilation and accommodative response return to their normal state.

[0008] Orthokeratology (ortho-k) involves using specially designed gas-permeable contact lenses that the subject wears overnight. These lenses reshape the cornea by reducing its curvature, allowing the subject to see clearly the next day after removing the lenses. Immediately after removing the lenses, the target curvature of the cornea is achieved, and the cornea gradually returns to its uncorrected shape. Therefore, after a period of time, some refractive errors in the eye are no longer corrected, and the subject's visual performance deteriorates.

[0009] Current methods for managing these time-related effects include providing subjects with predetermined optical products at appropriate times. For example, immediately after atropine absorption, subjects may wear sunglasses or photochromic lenses with predetermined transmittance characteristics to prevent glare. Once the initial pupillary function of the eye has recovered before the implementation of a myopia control program, subjects may remove their sunglasses. To prevent near visual acuity loss caused by atropine, subjects may wear predetermined progressive lenses. Similarly, when the lenses used in corneal reshaping become insufficient, subjects may wear eyeglasses with predetermined vision-correcting lenses. The optical products used have fixed optical characteristics. Therefore, subjects must choose when to use them, and may even have to use different types of optical products during the day. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Therefore, one object of the present invention is to provide a visual aid to the subject that allows for accurate management of changes in the effectiveness of myopia control programs while requiring minimal action from the subject.

[0011] Therefore, the present invention proposes a pair of eyeglasses for a subject whose eyes have been provided with a myopia control program, the myopia control program causing changes in the ocular characteristics of the eyes over time, the eyeglasses comprising:

[0012] - At least one ophthalmic lens having adjustable optical features, which will be placed in front of the subject's eye to improve the subject's vision;

[0013] - A control unit, comprising one or more memories and one or more processors, and adapted to control the ophthalmic lens by setting the adjustable optical features to a current value;

[0014] The one or more memories store data relating to the time-varying characteristics of the eye.

[0015] The one or more processors are programmed to determine the current value of the tunable optical feature based on the data.

[0016] Thanks to the eyeglasses according to the invention, although the effect of the myopia control program implemented by the subject varies over time, stable and continuous visual performance is ensured throughout the day. When providing the visual aid to the subject, the time-varying effects of the myopia control program on the eyes are taken into account. In fact, the values ​​of the optical characteristics of the ophthalmic lens can be adjusted to the subject's current needs at any time of day to correct (i.e., complete or compensate) the changes in the optical characteristics of the myopia control program over time. Therefore, the eyeglasses are suitable for the time-dependent effects of the myopia control program, allowing the subject to experience continuous and accurate visual correction with stable comfort over time.

[0017] In addition, the subjects achieved this through limited actions or no actions required.

[0018] For example, in myopia control programs involving the use of atropine, a well-known side effect of the drug is cycloplegia, i.e., paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye, resulting in a reduced accommodative response. In this case, the ophthalmic lenses of the eyeglasses can be designed to provide additional variable refractive power for near vision activities. As the cycloplegia decreases over time, the eye regains its initial accommodative ability, i.e., the accommodative ability observed before the implementation of the myopia control program, and the subject gradually requires less additional refractive power. According to the invention, the data can then include data representing the pharmacokinetics of atropine in the eye, and the variable refractive power of the ophthalmic lenses can be adjusted over time based on this pharmacokinetic data.

[0019] As another example, refractive correction induced by Ortho-k may not last all day. As the cornea reverts to its uncorrected shape, the subject gradually requires additional negative power to maintain clear vision of distant objects. According to the invention, the data can then include data representing the dynamics of corneal remodeling to its uncorrected shape or data representing the evolution of corneal curvature over time. In this case, the variable refractive power of the ophthalmic lens can be adjusted over time based on the dynamics of remodeling: as the cornea gradually returns to its uncorrected shape, the negative power of the ophthalmic lens gradually increases.

[0020] Advantageously, the eyeglasses according to the invention also allow for consideration of the side effects of myopia control programs in order to compensate for these side effects. For example, regarding myopia control, a side effect of atropine is pupillary dilation, which occurs within minutes after delivery of the eye drops and lasts for several hours. Pupil dilation typically causes increased sensitivity to glare. Data may include models of changes in pupillary reactivity over time. Here, the term "pupil reactivity" refers to the change in pupil diameter in response to changes in light intensity, that is, the ability of the pupil to constrict when light intensity increases.

[0021] When atropine is first administered, the pupil is fully dilated and pupillary reactivity is minimal. Therefore, a small increase in light intensity may cause glare in the subject. By the end of the day, the subject returns to their initial pupillary reactivity—that is, the pupillary reactivity observed before the myopia control program was implemented—and only a large increase in light intensity will cause glare. In this case, the variable transmittance of the ophthalmic lens can be determined as a function of changes in pupillary reactivity according to the following model: the increase in light intensity that triggers the darkening of the ophthalmic lens decreases over time. In other words, when using ophthalmic lenses with variable transmittance, the transmittance value and / or the light intensity threshold that triggers a change in transmittance are determined based on the subject's pupillary reactivity.

[0022] As a variation, another model can be used to determine the transmittance of ophthalmic lenses as a function of pupil diameter: the transmittance value increases as the pupil size decreases.

[0023] Therefore, the subject's visual performance is accurately optimized throughout the entire day. The variable effects of the myopia control program can be compensated for to simultaneously provide visual comfort and visual correction. In a preferred embodiment, the subject can use a single optics to adjust the effectiveness of the time-dependent myopia control program. Furthermore, this adjustment is more accurate compared to currently used passive optics.

[0024] Furthermore, the glasses according to the invention are easy to use. The glasses can be fully automated, requiring little or no movement from the subject. For example, the glasses are particularly suitable for children because they do not need to be changed or removed, nor do they require manual adjustment within a day of adopting a myopia control program.

[0025] Other advantages and non-limiting features of the eyeglasses according to the invention may include the following:

[0026] - The data represents the state of the eye's eye characteristics after a period of time since the myopia control scheme was provided to the eye;

[0027] - The current value of the adjustable optical feature is determined to correct the variable defect in the subject's vision caused by the time-varying changes in the eye features of the eye;

[0028] - The visual impairment is one of the following: sensitivity to glare, inappropriate refractive power of the eye, or lack of accommodative response of the eye;

[0029] - The data represents time periods shorter than 48 hours or shorter than 24 hours;

[0030] - The data is based on a statistical model relating to the time-varying characteristics of the eye, which takes into account the physiological responses of the subject or reference population or both to the myopia control program;

[0031] The processor is further programmed to begin determining the current value of the adjustable optical feature based on the subject's input and / or based on a predetermined schedule;

[0032] - The current value is determined based on an affine function representing the evolution of the tunable optical feature over time, and the affine function is determined based on the data;

[0033] - The adjustable optical features of the ophthalmic lens include at least one of refractive features and light transmittance features;

[0034] - The eye characteristics of the eye include one of the following: pupil diameter, pupillary reactivity, corneal curvature, accommodative ability, and refractive power;

[0035] - The myopia control scheme includes providing the eye with a drug, and the data includes at least one of the following: pharmacokinetic data of the drug provided, the concentration of the drug provided, and the amount of the drug provided;

[0036] - The myopia control scheme includes temporarily applying a contact lens to the eye to reshape the cornea of ​​the eye, and the data includes reshaping data representing the evolution of corneal shape over time after the contact lens is removed;

[0037] - The glasses further include sensors adapted to detect viewing conditions and / or measure the eye characteristics, and wherein the processor is further programmed to determine the current value by taking into account the output of the sensors;

[0038] The glasses further include an input unit adapted to receive information from the subject, and wherein the processor is further programmed to determine the current value based on the information input in the input unit.

[0039] The present invention also relates to a method for determining current values ​​of adjustable optical characteristics of an ophthalmic lens to be placed in front of a subject's eye to improve the subject's vision, said eye being provided with a myopia control scheme that causes changes in ocular characteristics of said eye over time, said method comprising the following steps:

[0040] - Provide the subject with eyeglasses including the ophthalmic lenses;

[0041] - Determine data relating to the time-varying changes in the eye characteristics of the eye;

[0042] - Determine the current value of the adjustable optical feature of the ophthalmic lens based on the data. Attached Figure Description

[0043] The following description, given with reference to the accompanying drawings, will make the scope of the invention and the manner in which it is implemented clear. The invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in the drawings. Accordingly, it should be understood that where features mentioned in the claims are followed by reference numerals, such reference numerals are included only for the purpose of enhancing the comprehensibility of the claims and are in no way intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0044] In the attached diagram:

[0045] - Figure 1 This is a schematic representation of eyeglasses according to the present invention.

[0046] - Figure 2 This is a schematic representation of different steps in the method implemented by eyeglasses according to the present invention.

[0047] - Figure 3 It is a schematic graphic representation of the evolution of eye characteristics in an eye for which a myopia control program has been provided. Detailed Implementation

[0048] Figure 1 A schematic representation of eyeglasses according to the present invention is shown. Eyeglasses 1 include:

[0049] - At least one ophthalmic lens 100, which will be placed in front of the subject's eye to improve the subject's vision, the ophthalmic lens 100 having adjustable optical features;

[0050] - Control unit 200, which includes one or more memories 220 and one or more processors 210, and is adapted to control the ophthalmic lens 100 by setting the adjustable optical feature to the current value CV.

[0051] The one or more memories 220 store data 221 relating to changes in eye characteristics over time.

[0052] The one or more processors 210 are programmed to determine the current value CV of the adjustable optical feature based on data 221.

[0053] In practice, the glasses 1 also include a frame in which ophthalmic lenses 100 are mounted.

[0054] exist Figure 1In the illustrated embodiment, the glasses 1 includes an input unit 300 adapted to receive input, information, or signals from the subject. The input unit 300 is connected to the control unit 200. Here, the input unit 300 includes a user interface that allows the subject to interact with the control unit 200. For example, the user interface could be a touch surface on the frame of the glasses 1, or a remote device, such as a smartphone belonging to the subject.

[0055] exist Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the glasses 1 include a sensor 400 adapted to detect viewing conditions and / or measure eye characteristics. Viewing conditions include, for example, the lighting conditions of the scene the subject is viewing. In this case, the sensor 400 may include a photodiode facing the scene. Viewing conditions may also include viewing distance.

[0056] In one embodiment, sensor 400 includes an image capturing device. The image capturing device may be designed to capture images of the scene the subject is viewing, for example, to determine whether the subject is performing a near-vision task, or more generally, to determine the viewing distance. The image capturing device may also be designed to capture images of the eyes. Based on these images, the one or more processors 210 may be able to determine characteristics of the eyes, particularly ocular features.

[0057] The eyeglasses 1 preferably include two ophthalmic lenses 100 adapted to be placed in front of each of the subject's eyes. Only one ophthalmic lens 110 will be described below. The other ophthalmic lens 100 may have similar features to those described below (but adapted to the other eye), especially when the subject's other eye is also provided with a similar myopia control scheme.

[0058] As described below, the glasses 1 according to the present invention can be implemented Figure 2 The method shown is for determining the current value CV of the adjustable optical characteristics of an ophthalmic lens 100 according to the present invention.

[0059] In the initial steps ( Figure 2 In box 5), a myopia control scheme is provided to the subject's eyes, which causes changes in the eye characteristics over time.

[0060] The method includes the following steps:

[0061] -Step a): Determine data relating to changes in eye characteristics over time 221( Figure 2 (frame 10);

[0062] -Step b): Provide the subject with glasses 1 ( Figure 2 (frame 20);

[0063] -Step c): Determine the current value CV of the adjustable optical characteristics of the ophthalmic lens 100 based on data 221. Figure 2 (Frame 40).

[0064] Here, the method also includes step d): setting the adjustable optical feature to the current value CV. Figure 2 (frame 50).

[0065] Here, the method according to the invention is implemented by the control unit 200 of the glasses 2. In particular, the one or more processors 210 are programmed to implement the method.

[0066] Myopia control programs aim to prevent the progression of myopia with age, that is, to prevent the long-term development of myopia. The glasses 1 according to the invention can be designed to compensate for the time-varying effects of any known myopia control programs that cause changes in the eye's characteristics.

[0067] Here, the change in eye characteristics over time is defined as the observable (i.e., measurable) alteration of eye characteristics over time. This change is relatively rapid, occurring in practice within minutes, at most a day or a few days. This change is directly related to the short-term effects of myopia control programs on the subject's eyes. This change does not take into account the long-term evolution of the subject's vision over months or years. For example, change over time refers to changes over a time period ranging from hours to days (e.g., one or two days). Observable changes can be measured using an optometric apparatus.

[0068] Here, the eye features include one of the following:

[0069] - The diameter of the pupil of the eye;

[0070] -Pupillary reactivity;

[0071] - The curvature of the cornea;

[0072] - The eye's ability to adjust;

[0073] - The refractive power of the eye.

[0074] The ophthalmic lens 100 is suitable for improving the vision of a subject in the eye in which the ophthalmic lens 100 is placed in front.

[0075] More precisely, the ophthalmic lens 100 is adapted to compensate for changes in the effect of a myopia control program on the subject's vision. Specifically, the ophthalmic lens 100 is adapted to correct variable defects in the subject's vision caused by changes in the eye's characteristics over time. Here, the changes in the eye's characteristics over time are caused by changes in the effect of the myopia control program over time. In the following text, "correcting variable defects in the subject's vision caused by said changes over time" or "correcting the effect of the myopia control program" means achieving the vision correction provided by the myopia control program, or correcting undesirable side effects of the myopia control program. This improvement in vision provided by the ophthalmic lens 100 is adaptive; in the sense of this invention, this means that the perceived improvement in vision remains stable over a 24 or 48-hour period, even if the eye's characteristics change.

[0076] In summary, although the optical effects or side effects of myopia control programs change over time, ophthalmic lens 100 still allows subjects to maintain adequate visual performance.

[0077] Furthermore, the ophthalmic lens 100 can be designed to correct permanent visual defects in the subject's eyes. For example, the spherical power, cylindrical power, and cylindrical axis of the ophthalmic lens 100 can be determined according to a standard prescription. This vision correction is static; in the sense of this invention, this means that it does not change in a short period of time, while the characteristics of the eye change over minutes or days.

[0078] Here, improving the subject's vision includes correcting one or more of the following visual impairments:

[0079] -Sensitivity to glare;

[0080] - Inappropriate refractive power of the eye, such as including spherical power, cylindrical power and cylindrical axis;

[0081] - Lack of accommodative response in the eye.

[0082] The adjustable optical characteristics of the ophthalmic lens 100 of the glasses 1 can be actively tuned or set to a specific value: a current value CV. As described below, the active function of tuning the current value CV is controlled by a control unit 200. For this purpose, the control unit 200 includes electronic connection elements and a power supply device, such as a battery (not shown).

[0083] Here, the adjustable optical features of the ophthalmic lens 100 include, for example, refractive features and / or light transmittance features.

[0084] Ophthalmic lens 100 is designed such that its refractive characteristics can be controlled. The refractive characteristics may include spherical power, cylindrical power, or cylindrical axis. The spherical power and cylindrical power may be positive or negative. The current value of the power CV (in diopters) of ophthalmic lens 100 and / or the value of the cylindrical axis (in degrees or radians) of ophthalmic lens 100 can be changed. Ophthalmic lens 100 may include an activatable optical element whose refractive index can be tuned (e.g., electronically or by fluid injection) to modify the focusing of light and thus modify the refractive power of ophthalmic lens 100. Such a lens is described, for example, in US 5182585 A. For example, the current value CV of the refractive characteristics can be changed in steps of ±0.1D between -2D and 2D.

[0085] The ophthalmic lens 100 is also designed such that its light transmittance characteristics (hereinafter referred to as transmittance) can be controlled. The ophthalmic lens 100 may be an electrochromic lens, such as those described in WO 2018 / 234515. Classically, such an electrochromic lens includes an electrochromic medium (e.g., liquid crystal), a composition comprising an oxidizing compound and a reducing compound in a solvent or solid electrochromic layer, and electrodes for applying a voltage to the layer to change the transmittance. The ophthalmic lens 100 may also include filters and / or polarizers that can be controlled by voltage. Therefore, the current value CV (expressed as a percentage) of the transmittance of the ophthalmic lens 100 can be changed. For example, the current value CV of the transmittance characteristic can be changed in steps of ±5% between 10% and 90% (100% being completely transparent and 0% being completely opaque).

[0086] Now for reference Figure 2 The method according to the invention, implemented by eyeglasses 1, is described below.

[0087] In the initial steps, a myopia control program is provided for the subjects' eyes.

[0088] For example, the myopia control protocol provided in the initial steps may include administering medication to the subject, such as to modulate muscarinic receptors in the retina and sclera. Typically, atropine can be delivered directly to the subject's eye using eye drops. Other pharmacological approaches include topical timolol (a non-selective β-adrenergic antagonist) and oral 7-methylxanthine (7-MX) (an adenosine antagonist). The efficacy of atropine in myopia control has been demonstrated in several studies, such as Wu, P.-C., Chuang, M.-N., Choi, J., Chen, H., Wu, G., Ohno-Matsui, K., Jonas, JB, Cheung, CMG, 2019, “Update in myopia and treatment strategy of atropine use in myopia control”, *Eye*, Vol. 33, pp. 3-13.

[0089] Another example of a myopia control approach that can be offered in the initial steps may include corneal remodeling (also known as corneal orthokeratology), which is performed by fitting a specially designed gas-permeable contact lens onto the subject's eye. The overnight-wearing contact lens remodels the eye's cornea overnight to reduce myopic refractive errors. Providing myopic defocus and / or optical aberrations in the peripheral retina by flattening the cornea can be achieved, for example, by using the ortho-K protocol.

[0090] Other myopia control schemes for the purposes of this invention may include performing one or more of the following actions:

[0091] a) Correct or reduce accommodative lag during near vision activities;

[0092] b) Correct peripheral hyperopic astigmatism or provide myopic astigmatism;

[0093] c) Provide retinal light stimulation by using multiple light stimuli located in front of the retina of the subject's eye;

[0094] d) To provide different contrasts in the subject's peripheral vision by using lenses with lower transmittance in the area corresponding to peripheral vision;

[0095] e) Limit the amount of red light entering the eyes to reduce color difference in the eyes;

[0096] f) Provide the eyes with light of a specific wavelength to inhibit eye elongation;

[0097] g) Provide dynamically changing light stimuli, such as flickering, to reduce peripheral contrast on the retina by activating / deactivating diffuse elements according to the flickering frequency;

[0098] k) Provides myopic defocus and / or optical aberrations in the peripheral retina by flattening the shape of the cornea.

[0099] Step a) of the method according to the invention Figure 2 The box 10 (where data 221 is defined) can be performed independently of other steps, which in particular means that it can be performed before other steps.

[0100] Preferably in the preliminary step ( Figure 2 Box 5 (in which myopia control schemes are provided for the eyes) and step b ( Figure 2 Step a) is performed before frame 20). For example, step a) is performed a few days before them, such that when glasses 1 are provided to the subject, data 221 may have already been stored in the one or more memories 220.

[0101] Alternatively, some or all of the data 221 stored in the one or more memories 220 may be determined when the subject wears glasses 1.

[0102] Generally, data 221 describes the correlation between eye characteristics (for which the myopia control scheme causes changes over time) and time.

[0103] More specifically, data 221 represents the state of the eye's characteristics after a period of time since the myopia control program was provided to the eye. In other words, data 221 defines the relationship between the state of the eye's characteristics and the elapsed time, for example, using a function or a numerical table. Data 221 may also involve the changes over time in several physical characteristics of the eye.

[0104] Here, the state of eye characteristics refers to the quantitative or qualitative values ​​of the eye characteristics.

[0105] For example, quantitative values ​​of eye characteristics may include pupil diameter, corneal curvature, refractive power, and accommodation. These quantitative values ​​can be measured, estimated, or calculated.

[0106] For example, qualitative values ​​for eye characteristics can include values ​​representing sensitivity to glare or discomfort experienced by the subject. These values ​​can be graded, for example, from 1 to 3 or from low to medium to high.

[0107] In one embodiment, data 221 is based on a statistical model relating to the changes over time in eye characteristics in response to a myopia control scheme.

[0108] Figure 3 An example of a statistical model is presented. Here, the statistical model is a function, whose graphical representation is curve 11, obtained by fitting reference data including multiple measured values ​​12 of eye features. Then, data 221 includes the mathematical equation of the function or the sampling points of the function.

[0109] The measured values ​​12 of the reference data can be collected during the collection step, in which the ocular characteristics of the eyes of one or more reference subjects are measured at several predetermined times (e.g., at regular time intervals) after a myopia control program has been provided to them. Each measured value is stored in association with a time indicator representing the time interval between the provision of the myopia control program and the acquisition of the measured value.

[0110] This statistical model can take into account the physiological responses of subjects and / or reference subjects to the myopia control program. The physiological responses of subjects and reference subjects can include changes in ocular characteristics over time, such as changes in the mean of ocular characteristics over time. The physiological responses of subjects and reference subjects can also include any other information derived from the subjects and reference subjects, such as the blood concentration of the administered drug. Preferably, the reference subjects share common characteristics with the subjects, such as age, degree of myopia, and rate of myopia change.

[0111] When a statistical model takes into account the subject's own physiological responses, it is personalized and therefore more tailored to that subject. For example, such a personalized model can be established during a testing session where the subject's physiological responses are studied after a myopia control program has been implemented for the eyes. Therefore, the reference subject can include the subject themselves. Data 221 can then be completed in real time to take into account data obtained from the subject themselves.

[0112] Typically, this study is conducted by performing measurements on subjects at regular time intervals. The study can be conducted by eye health professionals.

[0113] The study can also be conducted, at least in part, by the subject themselves, for example, by automatically assessing their visual quality or discomfort. For instance, in an embodiment where glasses 1 includes an input unit 300, the subject can use the input unit 300 to automatically assess their physiological response. Through the input unit 300, the subject can, for example, manually adjust the spherical power of the ophthalmic lens 100 to maintain their visual quality during a test session. In this case, the control unit 200 remembers the subject's continuous input to provide a similar adaptive refractive power the next time the subject uses glasses 1 after a myopia control program.

[0114] When the myopia control program includes the provision of a drug, data 221 includes pharmacokinetic data of the drug and / or the concentration of the solution in which the drug is provided to the subject, as well as the volume of the solution and / or the amount of drug provided to the subject.

[0115] As a variation, determining data 221 may also include retrieving pre-existing data (e.g., from a remote server) or selecting among several models, such as several statistical models that have been stored in the one or more memories 220.

[0116] Preferably, glasses 1 are provided to the subject. Figure 2 Box 20 in the middle provides a myopia control scheme ( Figure 2 Execute quickly after box 5 in the middle.

[0117] Step b) involves the subject putting on glasses 1. At the end of step b), the subject is wearing glasses 1, and the ophthalmic lens 100 is positioned in front of the subject's eyes. In practice, the subject can perform step b) independently.

[0118] In step c), the one or more processors 210 determine the current value CV of the adjustable optical characteristics of the ophthalmic lens 100 based on data 221. Figure 2 (Frame 40).

[0119] In the sub-step of step c), the value of the elapsed time ET is determined. Figure 2 (the box 30) and provide it to the one or more processors 210.

[0120] The elapsed time ET is determined from the initial time, meaning that timing or measurement begins from the initial time. In other words, the elapsed time ET is defined here as the difference between the initial time and the current time, which corresponds to the moment when the control unit 200 determines the current value CV.

[0121] The elapsed time can be determined by a timer integrated into the glasses. The timer measures the time elapsed since the initial time.

[0122] Here, the initial time corresponds to the end of the myopia control program, which is also the moment when the eye's characteristics begin to change over time and return to their normal state before the myopia control program was corrected. For example, the initial time could correspond to the moment medication is administered to the eye; in this case, medication administration is both the beginning and the end of the myopia control program. As another example, the initial time might correspond to the removal of ortho-K contact lenses.

[0123] The initial time can be determined based on a predetermined schedule. For example, the initial time could be a predetermined hour each day. It can also be determined based on the subject's input, for example, using input unit 300. For instance, the subject can directly and manually indicate the initial time, or, when wearing glasses 1, can indicate when the myopia control program ended.

[0124] As a variation, the initial time can correspond to the moment when the subject is provided with glasses 1. For example, this can be determined based on the signal generated by sensor 400 when sensor 400 detects that the subject is wearing glasses 1.

[0125] Based on data 221 and elapsed time ET, the one or more processors 210 determine the current value CV. Figure 2 (See box 41 in the image). First, based on data 221 and elapsed time ET, the one or more processors 210 determine the state of the eye's eye features. Then, based on the state of the eye's eye features, the one or more processors 210 determine the current value CV for use in correcting variable defects in the subject's vision caused by changes in the eye's eye features over time.

[0126] Preferably, the one or more memories 220 also store optical data relating to the relationship between eye features and the current value CV. Here, the optical data is included in data 221. Using the optical data, the one or more processors 210 determine the current value CV based on the state of the eye features.

[0127] This optical data defines the relationship between quantitative or qualitative values ​​of eye characteristics and current values ​​(CV), here a bijective relationship. For example, the optical data includes a monotonic function that gives predetermined values ​​of the spherical power, cylindrical power, or cylindrical axis of an ophthalmic lens 100 for a predetermined value of the corneal curvature of the eye.

[0128] The optical data may also include a monotonic function of a predetermined value for the transmittance of the ophthalmic lens 100 based on the ambient light intensity, with respect to a predetermined value for the pupil diameter of the eye.

[0129] The optical data may include a monotonic function that gives a predetermined value of the spherical power of ophthalmic lens 100 based on a predetermined value of the subject's accommodative ability. The subject's accommodation can be measured as equal to the near point of the subject's accommodative viewing distance, which can be considered in diopter (the reciprocal of the viewing distance). The monotonic function is determined such that the system comprising the subject's eye and ophthalmic lens 100 has a refractive power corresponding to the reciprocal of the measured viewing distance, i.e., corresponding to the measured accommodation value. Alternatively, the monotonic function can be determined such that if the measured accommodation value is lower than a reference accommodation value, the difference is added to the spherical power of ophthalmic lens 100. For example, the reference accommodation value is 4D. This value is particularly well-suited for children who typically read at very close distances (typically around 25 cm).

[0130] Preferably, the optical data takes into account how the subject wears the glasses 1. More precisely, the optical data takes into account the wearer's geometric features (e.g., interpupillary distance) and / or the fitting parameters of the glasses placed on the wearer's head (e.g., eye-lens distance or fitting height).

[0131] In one embodiment, the one or more processors 210 also consider input generated by the subject via the input unit 300. Figure 2 The current value CV is determined using box 60). While the current value CV of the ophthalmic lens 100 is suitable for correcting visual impairment, the subject may feel that the current value CV is inappropriate and modify it via input unit 300. For example, an initial current value can be determined first based solely on data 221 and elapsed time ET, and then the initial current value can be corrected to the current value CV based on the subject's input. This may facilitate personalized determination of the current value CV, for example, when data 221 is based on a statistical model determined by data collected from reference subjects.

[0132] Furthermore, the subject's input can be recorded and integrated into the data 221 to personalize the data 221 for the subject's future use of glasses 1. During subsequent use of glasses 1 by the subject, the control unit 200 can consider the previously recorded subject input and determine the current value CV so that the subject feels the current value is appropriate without further adjustment. More generally, the subject's input can also be considered in the statistical model on which the data 221 is based. Therefore, the subject's input can also be considered for subsequent use of other glasses worn by other subjects.

[0133] In one embodiment, data 221 includes predetermined values ​​of the optical characteristics of the ophthalmic lens 100. The subject can then select the current value CV from the predetermined values ​​using the input unit 300.

[0134] Step c) can be performed in real time, that is, continuously or at predetermined time intervals, such as every 5 minutes or every hour. Therefore, the elapsed time ET can be repeatedly determined from the moment the glasses 1 are provided to the subject.

[0135] Step c) can also be performed by the subject as needed. For this purpose, the subject can, for example, use input unit 300 to indicate that the correction provided by the ophthalmic lens 100 is inappropriate. Therefore, the elapsed time ET is determined promptly as needed.

[0136] Step c) can also be performed based on the signal generated by sensor 400. Therefore, when control unit 200 receives the signal, the elapsed time ET is determined precisely.

[0137] In step d), once the control unit 200 determines the current value CV ( Figure 2 (frame 40), the control unit 200 sets the adjustable optical characteristics of the ophthalmic lens 100 to the current value CV. Figure 2 (frame 50).

[0138] After step d), the adjustable optical characteristic is equal to the current value CV. Therefore, the defect of the myopia control scheme in terms of the time-varying effect on the eye characteristics at the current time is corrected.

[0139] After step c), step d) is executed automatically. In other words, once the current value CV is determined, step d) is executed immediately.

[0140] In a first embodiment, the myopia control protocol includes administering atropine eye drops to the subject's eyes. Here, the initial time corresponds to the administration of the atropine eye drops. Atropine primarily causes changes over time in the following physical characteristics of the eye: pupil diameter, pupillary reactivity, and accommodation response. After administration of the atropine eye drops, these characteristics undergo changes over time and gradually return to their initial state before the administration of the atropine.

[0141] In this first embodiment, the eyeglasses 1 are designed such that the transmittance and refractive characteristics of the ophthalmic lens 100 can be adjusted. Therefore, the ophthalmic lens 100 is suitable for correcting increased sensitivity to glare and / or lack of accommodative response caused by changes in pupil diameter and / or accommodative response over time.

[0142] Here, data 221 is related to the evolution of pupil diameter over time and the lack of regulatory response over time. Figure 3Curve 11 shown is a typical example of the evolution of pupil diameter (denoted by "D") over time (denoted by "t") after administration of atropine eye drops. Data 221 includes a mathematical representation of a function describing the evolution of pupil diameter over time. As mentioned above, this function is determined by fitting measured values ​​12, such as those obtained from the subject during a test session. Here, data 221 relates more specifically to the evolution of pupillary reactivity over time, that is, the evolution of the pupil's ability to constrict as light intensity increases.

[0143] In step c), the control unit 200 bases its actions on the elapsed time ET and the control signal generated by the sensor 400. Figure 2 The transmittance of the ophthalmic lens 100 is determined by the control unit 200 (frame 70). Here, based on data 221 and elapsed time ET, the control unit 200 determines pupillary reactivity. Here, the control signal represents the light intensity or illumination level of the scene being viewed by the subject.

[0144] Thanks to sensor 400, the transmittance of ophthalmic lens 100 can be accurately determined and adapted to the subject's needs by taking into account ambient light intensity. Based on a control signal, control unit 200 is programmed to determine the current value CV of transmittance by considering the pupil diameter value determined based on data 221, elapsed time ET, and ambient light intensity. For example, in a dimly lit room, the subject has a larger pupil diameter. Based on a control signal indicating low ambient light intensity, control unit 200 can be programmed to set the current value CV of transmittance to a higher value than the value determined solely based on data 221 and elapsed time ET. Conversely, in a very bright environment, control unit 200 can set the current value CV of transmittance to a lower value than the value determined solely based on data 221 and elapsed time ET.

[0145] Here, the optical data can, for example, define a birayed relationship between pupillary reactivity and a light intensity threshold. Here, the light intensity threshold is defined as a light intensity above which the subject feels discomfort, and therefore this light intensity corresponds to a glare discomfort threshold. The light intensity threshold can be determined for a given pupil diameter and then extrapolated to other pupil diameters while maintaining constant retinal illumination. For example, if 1000 cd / m² is used for a pupil diameter of 2 mm. 2 If an extended light source is used to obtain the light intensity threshold, then the light intensity threshold for a 10mm pupil diameter would be 40cd / m². 2 This was done to achieve the same retinal illumination for 3141 Troland under both conditions. In practice, the larger the pupil diameter (e.g., in millimeters), the lower the light intensity threshold.

[0146] When the light intensity measured by sensor 400 changes and exceeds the light intensity threshold, the current value CV of the transmittance of ophthalmic lens 100 decreases. Therefore, the adjustable light intensity threshold offsets the change in pupillary reactivity (that is, the pupil's inability to constrict due to atropine).

[0147] The relationship between light intensity and transmittance can be linear or follow a specific function. For example, when a decrease in transmittance is triggered, the current value of transmittance CV can be set to a predetermined constant value (e.g., 20% transmittance), or set to a predetermined value depending on pupil reactivity and / or light intensity, or it can be set to maintain retinal illuminance at a predetermined level.

[0148] Here, the light intensity threshold decreases over time because at the end of the day, the pupil diameter returns to its initial value, and the subject regains its initial pupillary responsiveness.

[0149] In one embodiment, an external sensor not included in the glasses 1 can be used in conjunction with the eyewear 1. Here, the external sensor is located remotely in an external device, such as a smartphone or connected watch. In this embodiment, the glasses 1 includes a communication module (not shown) that allows the control unit 200 to receive external control signals generated by the external sensor, here wirelessly. For example, the communication module is embedded in the frame of the glasses. More generally, the communication module allows the control unit 200 to communicate with the external device, that is, to request and receive external control signals from the external device. In practice, the external control signal is related to ambient light intensity and can represent whether the wearer is indoors or outdoors, whether it is sunny or cloudy, etc. The control unit 200 can then assess viewing conditions based on the external control signal, particularly the ambient light intensity or the lighting level of the scene the subject is viewing.

[0150] In an alternative, when the glasses 1 do not include a sensor, the control unit 200 can determine the pupil diameter based on the elapsed time ET, and then determine a suitable current value of transmittance CV for the pupil diameter based on that optical data. For example, this optical data can define a birayed relationship between the pupil diameter and the current value of transmittance CV. In practice, the larger the pupil diameter (e.g., in millimeters), the lower the current value of transmittance CV (e.g., expressed as a percentage). Therefore, the adjustable transmittance of the ophthalmic lens 100 offsets the increased sensitivity to glare caused by atropine.

[0151] In step c), the control unit 200 further determines the refractive characteristics of the ophthalmic lens 100 based on elapsed time ET. Here, the control unit 200 determines accommodation response or lack of accommodation response based on elapsed time ET, and then determines the current value CV of one or more refractive characteristics based on this optical data. For example, this optical data may define a bijective relationship between the lack of accommodation response and the current value CV of spherical power and / or the current value CV of cylindrical power and / or the current value CV of cylindrical axis. For example, the greater the lack of accommodation response, the greater the current value CV of spherical power (e.g., in diopters). Therefore, the adjustable refractive characteristics of the ophthalmic lens 100 counteract the lack of accommodation response caused by atropine.

[0152] The control unit 200 can also consider inputs generated by the subject via the input unit 300. Figure 2 The control unit 200 determines the current value CV based on the input of the subject (box 60). For example, the subject may estimate that the transmittance of the ophthalmic lens 100 is insufficient. The control unit 200 then corrects the initial current value to the current value CV based on the subject's input, so that the subject feels the transmittance is appropriate. In the same way, when the subject feels that his accommodative response is inappropriate, the subject can adjust the refractive characteristics of the ophthalmic lens 100.

[0153] Sensor 400 can also be used to correct for a lack of accommodative response. Control unit 200 can consider the control signal generated by sensor 400 to determine one of the refractive characteristics of ophthalmic lens 100, such as spherical power, cylindrical power, or cylindrical axis. For example, sensor 400 can generate a control signal when it detects that the subject is performing a near vision task. In this case, control unit 200 provides additional spherical power. Thus, the current value CV of the spherical power is greater than the current value CV that would be determined solely based on data 221 and elapsed time ET.

[0154] Sensor 400 can also be used to determine measured values ​​of eye characteristics. For example, sensor 400 can measure pupil diameter using an image capture device and determine measured values ​​of pupil reactivity based on the pupil diameter. Then, control unit 200 corrects the initial current value to a current value CV based on the measured values ​​of eye characteristics. When data 221 is based on a statistical model determined based on a reference population, the current value CV is personalized for the subject.

[0155] In one embodiment, the eyeglasses include, for example, a light source (here, an LED) embedded in the frame. The LED is designed to send light, such as one or more extremely short pulses of light, to the eye. Sensor 400 then measures the pupillary constriction caused by the pulsed light emitted by the LED and then determines pupillary responsiveness. Sensor 400 can determine pupillary responsiveness at predetermined times of day, such as when it is presumed that the eye should return to its initial pupillary responsiveness.

[0156] In the second embodiment, the myopia control program involves providing the subject with a specially designed gas-permeable contact lens. The subject wears this contact lens overnight. When worn, the contact lens reshapes the cornea by reducing its curvature, and thus reduces the eye's refractive power. The contact lens primarily causes a change in the eye's refractive power over time. Here, the initial time corresponds to the removal of the contact lens. After the contact lens is removed, the corneal curvature undergoes a change over time, increasing and gradually returning to its uncorrected shape before the use of the contact lens. Therefore, the eye's refractive power decreases over time.

[0157] In this second embodiment, the eyeglasses 1 are designed such that the refractive characteristics of the ophthalmic lens 100 can be adjusted. Therefore, the ophthalmic lens 100 is suitable for correcting inappropriate refractive power of the eye caused by changes in corneal curvature over time.

[0158] In this embodiment, data 221 relates to the evolution of corneal curvature over time. Data 221 includes remodeling data representing the evolution of corneal shape over time after contact lens removal. Here, data 221 includes a mathematical representation of a function describing the evolution of corneal curvature over time. As described above, this function is determined by fitting measured values, such as those obtained from the subject during a testing session.

[0159] In step c), the control unit 200 also considers elapsed time ET to determine the refractive characteristics of the ophthalmic lens 100. Here, the control unit 200 determines the corneal curvature based on elapsed time ET, and then determines the current value CV of one or more refractive characteristics based on that optical data. For example, the optical data may define a birayed relationship between corneal curvature and the current value CV of spherical power and / or the current value CV of cylindrical power and / or the current value CV of cylindrical axis. For example, the smaller the corneal curvature, the smaller the current value CV of spherical power (e.g., in diopters).

[0160] In this second embodiment, the ophthalmic lens 100 gradually provides the subject with greater refractive power. In fact, as the effect of corneal orthodontics diminishes—that is, as the cornea returns to its uncorrected curvature—the subject requires greater refractive power. Therefore, the adjustable refractive characteristics of the ophthalmic lens 100 counteract the eye's inappropriate refractive power.

[0161] Here, data 221 may include a linear relationship between elapsed time ET and the refractive characteristics of ophthalmic lens 100. For example, control unit 200 may add -0.1D per hour to the current value CV of spherical power of ophthalmic lens 100.

[0162] As in the first embodiment, the current value CV can be determined by the control unit 200 by taking into account information from the input unit 300 and / or the sensor 400.

[0163] For example, the control unit 200 may take into account the input generated by the subject via the input unit 300. Figure 2 The control unit 200 determines the current value CV based on the input of the subject (box 60). For example, the subject may estimate that the refractive power provided by the ophthalmic lens 100 is insufficient. The control unit 200 then corrects the initial current value to the current value CV based on the subject's input.

[0164] In another example, the control unit 200 may also take into account the control signal generated by the sensor 400. Figure 2 The current value CV is determined by box 70 in the middle.

[0165] For example, the glasses 1 may include, for example, a series of light sources (not shown) (here, a series of LEDs) embedded in the frame. The light sources are designed to project a pattern onto the cornea. Here, the pattern consists of small dots, aligned, for example, on a regular grid. The sensor 400 is adapted to capture an image of this pattern. In the initial period immediately after the orthokeratology lens is removed, the sensor 400 images the initial pattern. This initial pattern corresponds to a target corneal shape with the target curvature that accurately corrects the subject's myopia. Later, the sensor 400 images the current pattern. By comparing the current pattern with the initial pattern, the sensor 400 is able to determine the current state of the corneal curvature or the change in curvature relative to the target corneal shape. For example, this comparison can be performed by analyzing changes in the distance between the dots. For example, the distance between the dots increases as the cornea returns to its uncorrected shape. Based on the current state or change in corneal curvature, the control unit 200 can determine the current value CV of the ophthalmic lens 100.

[0166] Still in the example, when sensor 400 detects that the subject is performing a near vision task, sensor 400 can generate a control signal. In this case, control unit 200 provides, for example, additional spherical power, cylindrical power, or cylindrical axis. Thus, the current value CV of the spherical power is greater than the current value CV that would be determined solely based on data 221 and elapsed time ET.

[0167] Other devices and methods can also be implemented for assessing the physical characteristics of the eye and providing immediate indications. For example, augmented reality combined with automatic refraction can be used. The physical characteristics of the eye, such as accommodative response, can then be determined in real time at the desired moment. These devices can be included in the glasses 1 themselves or can communicate with the glasses, for example, by means of a communication unit.

Claims

1. A pair of glasses (1) for a subject whose eyes have been provided with a myopia control program, the myopia control program causing changes in ocular characteristics of the eyes over time, wherein, The eye features include one of the following: - The diameter of the pupil of the eye; - The pupillary reactivity of the eye; - The corneal curvature of the eye; - The eye's ability to adjust; - The refractive power of the eye, The glasses (1) include: - At least one ophthalmic lens (100), the at least one ophthalmic lens having adjustable optical features, to be placed in front of the subject's eye to improve the subject's vision; - A control unit (200) including one or more memories (220) and one or more processors (210), and adapted to control the ophthalmic lens (100) by setting the adjustable optical feature to a current value (CV). The one or more memories (220) store data (221) relating to the time-varying characteristics of the eye. The one or more processors (210) are programmed to determine the current value (CV) of the tunable optical feature based on the data (221). The myopia control scheme includes performing one or more of the following actions: - Provide medication to modulate muscarinic receptors in the retina and sclera; - Corneal remodeling is performed by fitting specially designed breathable contact lenses onto the eye; - Correct or reduce accommodative lag during near vision activities; - Corrects peripheral hyperopic astigmatism or provides myopic astigmatism; - To provide retinal light stimulation by using multiple light stimuli located in front of the retina of the subject's eye; - By using lenses with lower transmittance in the area corresponding to peripheral vision, different contrasts in the subject's peripheral vision are provided; - Limit the amount of red light entering the eye to reduce chromatic aberration in the eye; - Provide the eye with light of a specific wavelength to inhibit eye elongation; - Provide dynamically varying light stimuli to reduce peripheral contrast of the retina by activating / deactivating diffuse elements according to the flicker frequency; and - Provides optical aberrations and / or myopic defocus in the peripheral retina by flattening the shape of the cornea.

2. The eyeglasses (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The data (221) represents the state of the eye's eye characteristics after a period of time since the myopia control scheme was provided to the eye.

3. The eyeglasses (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The current value (CV) of the adjustable optical feature is determined to correct the variable defect in the subject's vision caused by the time-varying changes in the eye features of the eye.

4. The eyeglasses (1) according to claim 3, wherein, The visual impairment is one of the following: - Sensitivity to glare; - The inappropriate refractive power of the eye; - The eye's accommodation response is lacking.

5. The eyeglasses (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The data (221) represents a time period shorter than 48 hours or shorter than 24 hours.

6. The eyeglasses (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The data (221) is based on a statistical model relating to the time-varying characteristics of the eye, which takes into account the physiological responses of the subject or reference population or both to the myopia control program.

7. The eyeglasses (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The processor is further programmed to begin determining the current value (CV) of the adjustable optical feature based on the subject's input or based on a predetermined schedule.

8. The eyeglasses (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The current value (CV) is determined based on an affine function representing the evolution of the tunable optical feature over time, which is determined based on the data (221).

9. The eyeglasses (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The adjustable optical features of the ophthalmic lens (100) include at least one of refractive features and light transmittance features.

10. The eyeglasses (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The myopia control scheme includes providing the eye with a drug, and the data (221) includes at least one of the following: pharmacokinetic data of the drug provided, concentration of the drug provided, and amount of the drug provided.

11. The eyeglasses (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The myopia control scheme includes temporarily applying a contact lens (100) to the eye to reshape the cornea of ​​the eye, and the data (221) includes reshaping data representing the evolution of the shape of the cornea over time after the contact lens (100) is removed.

12. The eyeglasses (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The glasses (1) further include at least a sensor (400) adapted to detect viewing conditions or measure the eye characteristics of the eyes, and wherein the processor is further programmed to determine the current value (CV) by taking into account the output of the sensor.

13. The eyeglasses (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The glasses (1) further include an input unit (300) adapted to receive information from the subject, and wherein the processor is further programmed to determine the current value (CV) based on the information input in the input unit (300).

14. A method for determining the current value (CV) of an adjustable optical characteristic of an ophthalmic lens (100) to be placed in front of a subject's eye to improve the subject's vision, wherein the subject's eye is provided with a myopia control scheme that causes a time-varying change in ocular characteristics of the eye, wherein, The eye features include one of the following: - The diameter of the pupil of the eye; - The pupillary reactivity of the eye; - The corneal curvature of the eye; - The eye's ability to adjust; - The refractive power of the eye, The method includes the following steps: - Provide the subject with eyeglasses (1) including the ophthalmic lens (100); - Determine data relating to the time-varying characteristics of the eye (221); - Based on the data (221), determine the current value (CV) of the adjustable optical feature of the ophthalmic lens (100). The myopia control scheme includes performing one or more of the following actions: - Provide medication to modulate muscarinic receptors in the retina and sclera; - Corneal remodeling is performed by fitting specially designed breathable contact lenses onto the eye; - Correct or reduce accommodative lag during near vision activities; - Corrects peripheral hyperopic astigmatism or provides myopic astigmatism; - To provide retinal light stimulation by using multiple light stimuli located in front of the retina of the subject's eye; - By using lenses with lower transmittance in the area corresponding to peripheral vision, different contrasts in the subject's peripheral vision are provided; - Limit the amount of red light entering the eye to reduce chromatic aberration in the eye; - Provide the eye with light of a specific wavelength to inhibit eye elongation; - Provide dynamically varying light stimuli to reduce peripheral contrast of the retina by activating / deactivating diffuse elements according to the flicker frequency; and - Provides optical aberrations and / or myopic defocus in the peripheral retina by flattening the shape of the cornea.

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