Pipe jacking machine and construction method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a pipe jacking machine and a construction method thereof. The pipe jacking machine comprises a shell and a pipe body, the shell is sleeved on the outer periphery of the pipe body; the pipe body comprises a first pipe body, a second pipe body and a third pipe body, the first pipe body and the second pipe body are hinged, and the second pipe body and the third pipe body are hinged; a crushing device, a driving device and a cabin partition plate are arranged in the first pipe body, the crushing device is connected with the driving device through a hollow shaft, and the crushing device completes a cutting and crushing action under the driving of the driving device; the hollow shaft comprises a force transmission ring; a force transmission ring sealing ring is arranged on the force transmission ring; a sealing structure is arranged at the hinge between the first pipe body and the second pipe body and at the hinge between the second pipe body and the third pipe body, respectively, and a water stop structure and a shield tail brush are arranged on the outer periphery of the third pipe body. The pipe jacking machine provided by the application has multiple sealing designs, has good overall sealing performance, and is convenient for composite stratum and long-distance operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geotechnical and geological engineering technology, specifically to a pipe jacking machine and its construction method for pipeline construction in composite strata. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, the number of pipeline projects transmitting liquid and gaseous media through roads, rivers, and buildings inside and outside cities is increasing, leading to the widespread application of trenchless technology. Pipe jacking, a method of underground pipeline construction developed after shield tunneling, eliminates the need for surface excavation and can traverse highways, railways, rivers, surface buildings, underground structures, and various underground pipelines. Pipe jacking engineering technology refers to a trenchless or minimally excavated construction method that uses the force generated by jacking equipment to push the pipeline into the soil according to the actual design slope. Pipe jacking construction utilizes the thrust of the main jacking cylinder and intermediate sections between pipelines to push the tool pipe or tunneling machine from the working shaft through the soil layer to the receiving shaft for hoisting. Simultaneously, the pipeline following the tool pipe or tunneling machine is buried between the two shafts, achieving trenchless underground pipeline laying. One type of pipe jacking construction process is the slurry-water balance construction process, which refers to the method of pipe jacking by maintaining a certain pressure of slurry and water in the cutting chamber of the pipe jacking machine.

[0003] As a trenchless technology, slurry-balanced pipe jacking technology is widely used due to its advantages of wide adaptability to soil layers, stable tunneling face, and minimal ground settlement. It is highly adaptable to large and medium-sized pipeline projects crossing roads, rivers, and other pipelines. With the development of the national underground pipe network, the demand for pipe jacking machines is increasing. Pipe jacking is applied in various strata, such as soft soil, silt, gravel, and rock. Due to the complex geological conditions, each project should select appropriate pipe jacking equipment based on its hydrological and geological conditions.

[0004] Trenchless pipe jacking technology has been widely applied in underground space construction. However, due to limitations in equipment functionality and process research, past pipe jacking operations were generally conducted in ordinary soil layers. When encountering complex geological formations, particularly high-strength rock, pipe jacking machines cannot be used for excavation, necessitating open-cut excavation or pre-splitting blasting. This not only increases construction costs but also reduces efficiency and increases safety risks, impacting construction progress. Furthermore, existing pipe jacking machines require frequent cutter replacements due to the presence of sand, gravel, and debris. Moreover, when some cutters are damaged, the entire cutter head must be replaced at once, preventing partial cutter replacement and increasing costs. Additionally, the complex geological formations traversed by pipe jacking machines, especially during long-distance operations, place even higher demands on sealing performance.

[0005] Therefore, how to design a pipe jacking machine that can be used for pipeline construction in composite strata has become an important issue facing those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a pipe jacking machine and its construction method, which can be used for construction in complex geological formations. It features multiple sealing designs, ensuring good overall sealing performance and facilitating long-distance operation in complex geological formations. Furthermore, the pipe jacking machine provided by this invention includes a manhole, allowing workers to enter the cutterhead during construction to observe, inspect, and replace worn cutters. This partial cutter replacement helps control the construction cost of the pipe jacking machine.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a pipe jacking machine, comprising a housing and a pipe body, the housing being fitted around the outer periphery of the pipe body; a pipe wall gap is provided between the pipe body and the housing, the pipe body comprising a first pipe body, a second pipe body, and a third pipe body, the first pipe body and the second pipe body being hinged together, and the second pipe body and the third pipe body being hinged together; a crushing device, a driving device, and a partition are provided inside the first pipe body, the partition dividing the first pipe body into two compartments, the driving device being located on one side of the partition, and the crushing device being located on the other side of the partition; the crushing device is connected to the driving device via a hollow rotating shaft, and completes the crushing operation under the drive of the driving device. The hollow rotating shaft includes a force transmission ring, on which a force transmission ring sealing ring is provided. The force transmission ring sealing ring is provided on the force transmission ring through a connecting structure. A row of force transmission ring sealing rings is provided above and below the force transmission ring. The upper and lower rows of force transmission ring sealing rings have the same structure. The two ends of the upper and lower rows of force transmission ring sealing rings are symmetrical to each other in the vertical direction and are parallel to each other in the horizontal direction. Sealing structures are provided at the hinge joints of the first and second pipe bodies and the hinge joints of the second and third pipe bodies, respectively. A water-stopping structure and a shield tail brush are provided on the outer periphery of the third pipe body.

[0008] Furthermore, the crushing device includes a crushing disc, a crushing chamber, and a mud-water chamber; the crushing disc includes a disc body and a first double-edged roller cutter, a second double-edged roller cutter, a single-edged roller cutter, a front scraper, and an edge scraper fixed on the disc body; the double-edged roller cutter and the single-edged roller cutter are respectively fixed by fasteners; the crushing disc performs initial crushing on the rock.

[0009] Furthermore, the fixing component includes a locking block, a locking bolt, a U-shaped bracket, and a disassembly bolt. The locking bolt passes through the locking block to fix the double-edged hob or the single-edged hob to the cutter head body. The disassembly bolt passes through the U-shaped bracket and the locking block in sequence to remove the double-edged hob or the single-edged hob.

[0010] Furthermore, the crushing chamber includes an outer cone and a cutter head bracket. The outer cone is provided with crushing bars, a feed inlet, and an auxiliary feed inlet. The sludge chamber is provided with a sludge discharge channel. The sludge that has been crushed in the crushing chamber enters the sludge chamber and is discharged through the sludge discharge channel.

[0011] Furthermore, each row of force transmission rings has three force transmission rings, and the width of each force transmission ring is the same. Each force transmission ring is provided with multiple water-stop teeth, and the multiple water-stop teeth are oriented in the same direction, at the same height, and with the same spacing.

[0012] Furthermore, the multiple water-stop teeth of each of the upper and lower rows of force transmission ring seals are oriented in the same direction, at the same height, and at the same spacing.

[0013] Furthermore, the force transmission ring seal is made of rubber, with a rubber height of 28mm, an assembly gap of 20mm, and a rubber compaction amount of 28%.

[0014] Furthermore, the sealing structure includes a sealing ring and an oil injection hole disposed between the sealing ring.

[0015] Furthermore, the water-stopping structure includes two externally supported airbag-shaped rubber water-stop rings, each with a thickness of 70mm and a width of 40mm.

[0016] Furthermore, an outer ring and a ski are provided on the outer periphery of the first tube body, the outer ring being disposed at the first end of the first tube body; the ski abuts against the outer ring.

[0017] Furthermore, the drive device includes a reducer and a drive motor connected to the reducer, and a correction jack is also provided inside the first tube.

[0018] Furthermore, the first tube is also equipped with a measurement system; the second tube is equipped with an electrical cabinet, a correction power station connected to the correction jack, and a hinged jack located at the hinge joint between the second tube and the third tube.

[0019] Furthermore, the measurement system includes a measurement target mounted on the rear housing and an elevation and tilt meter.

[0020] Furthermore, the pipe jacking machine provided by the present invention also includes a secondary thrust ring, wherein a hinged jack is provided inside the secondary thrust ring and is hinged to the third pipe body through the hinged jack, and a shield tail brush is provided on the outer periphery of the secondary thrust ring, and oil injection holes are uniformly provided in the circumferential direction at the gap of the shield tail brush.

[0021] Furthermore, the pipe body is a steel pipe with an inner diameter of 2000mm and an outer diameter of 2020mm.

[0022] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the housing is 2080 mm, and the outer diameter of the crushing disc is 2140 mm.

[0023] Furthermore, the diameter of the feed inlet is 100-120mm, and the diameter of the auxiliary feed hole is 45mm.

[0024] Furthermore, the mud and water tank is a ring-shaped three-dimensional space with an inner diameter of 1050mm, an outer diameter of 1990mm, a length of 250mm, and a volume of 0.56 cubic meters.

[0025] Furthermore, the front and outer ring surfaces of the crushing disc are provided with wear-resistant materials.

[0026] In another aspect, the present invention provides a construction method for a pipe jacking machine. Using the pipe jacking machine provided by the present invention, the construction method specifically includes the following steps:

[0027] 1) Set the forward path of the pipe jacking machine;

[0028] 2) The crushing device performs jacking operation according to the forward path under the drive of the drive device; and adjusts the forward angle of the pipe jacking machine by means of the correction jacking machine's correction jacks based on the data detected by the pipe jacking machine's measurement system.

[0029] 3) When the jacking speed of the pipe jacking machine gradually slows down to a preset value and the cutting current of the crushing device is detected to increase to a predetermined value, the tool of the crushing device is manually replaced through the manhole.

[0030] Furthermore, the tool changing operation includes the following steps:

[0031] 31) Staff members enter the third tube;

[0032] 32) Connect the second pipe to the third pipe, and open the air inlet valve of the second pipe to slowly add purified compressed air into the second pipe until the compressed air reaches the specified value;

[0033] 33) Open the balancing air valve between the crushing device and the second pipe body. After the air pressure in the crushing chamber of the pipe jacking machine is consistent with the air pressure in the second pipe body, the workers will enter the crushing chamber through the manual passage to change the cutter.

[0034] Furthermore, in the operation, removing the roller cutter involves the following steps: removing the locking bolt; installing the U-shaped bracket; passing the disassembly bolt through the U-shaped bracket and the locking block; rotating the disassembly bolt to pull out the locking block to remove the roller cutter.

[0035] The pipe jacking machine provided by this invention has at least the following technical effects:

[0036] (1) The pipe jacking machine provided by the present invention has a pipe wall gap between the pipe body and the shell, which can form a friction-reducing slurry sleeve on the pipe wall during jacking operation, reduce the jacking force, and increase the distance of one jacking;

[0037] (2) The cutterhead bracket of the pipe jacking machine provided by the present invention is set in the crushing chamber, and the crushing chamber is equipped with crushing bars. When the crushing device rotates, the roller cutter can crush the rock into larger blocks under the drive of the drive device. The large rock blocks are collected into the crushing chamber under the combined action of the scraper and circulating water. When the cutterhead bracket rotates, it squeezes the larger rock blocks into smaller particles that enter the mud and water chamber. Then, the mud and water chamber is discharged by the circulating water through the mud discharge channel. This cycle continues until the tunneling is completed. In this way, the flow rate of mud is improved by crushing the rock particles, thereby improving the working efficiency of the entire system.

[0038] (3) The end of the first pipe body of the pipe jacking machine provided by the present invention is designed with an outer ring and a ski board is provided at a 120-degree angle below. The ski board abuts against the outer ring. On the one hand, it can prevent the backflow of debris, because the debris will fill the gap and jam the pipe jacking machine, thus making it impossible to advance the pipe. On the other hand, since the cutting outer diameter of the crushing cutter head is much larger than the outer diameter of the shell, the ring can also help control the attitude of the pipe jacking machine.

[0039] (4) The manhole of the pipe jacking machine provided by the present invention has an inner diameter of 600mm, which allows workers to enter and exit easily. The space behind the crushing cutter head has a size of D2008*600mm (excluding the cone part), which can accommodate two people to change the cutter head.

[0040] (5) The third pipe body of the pipe jacking machine provided by the present invention is provided with an external support double airbag and a shield tail brush. Before the shield tail brush gap is replaced under normal pressure, the shield tail grease is injected into the gap of the shield tail brush along the circumferential direction of the six evenly distributed 1-inch grease injection ports to seal the building gap and play the role of grout retention sleeve and water stop. The third pipe body of the pipe jacking machine provided by the present invention is also spliced ​​with a 2060mm long auxiliary push anti-rotation ring. The auxiliary push anti-rotation ring is connected to the third pipe body in the form of F-type interface socket. The auxiliary push anti-rotation ring has an auxiliary push stroke of 300mm and a jacking force of 4×1500KN. When the crushing cutter head is replaced, the auxiliary push cylinder of the auxiliary push anti-rotation ring is pulled back to the pipe jacking machine to facilitate the cutter replacement operation.

[0041] (6) The third pipe body of the pipe jacking machine provided by the present invention is provided with a water-stopping structure and a shield tail brush at the outer front end. The water-stopping structure includes two 70mm thick and 40mm wide externally supported airbag-shaped rubber water-stopping rings, which can conveniently stop the groundwater outside the pipe wall behind the pipe jacking machine, so that the operators can smoothly enter the back of the cutterhead to change the cutter head.

[0042] (7) The pipe jacking machine provided by this invention has four correction cylinders connected in a "well" shape between the first, second, and third pipe bodies, and three sealing rings in the gap between the pipe bodies. This ensures that no leakage occurs in this gap during the correction process. At the same time, anti-deflection device pins are welded at the connection of the first, second, and third pipe bodies to effectively prevent relative deflection of the first, second, and third pipe bodies.

[0043] The tunnel boring machine for composite strata provided by this invention can employ a structure with multiple roller cutters in the crushing device of the tunnel boring machine. This structure allows for uniform and efficient cutting of the rock during the cutting process, ensuring the smooth advancement of the tunnel boring machine's pipe body. Simultaneously, the rock fragments after secondary crushing in the crushing chamber are broken into finer rock chips, which can then be mixed with the mud in the mud chamber and enter the mud discharge channel, thus preventing blockage when the pipe is discharged from the tunnel boring machine.

[0044] The construction method for the pipe jacking machine provided by this invention is simple to operate and facilitates the replacement of cutting tools according to their usage during construction. For example, when the pipe jacking machine enters a soft soil section from a rocky section, the cutting tools of the pipe jacking machine can be replaced in sections and steps according to the conditions of the working face, replacing some of the roller cutters with scissor cutters to increase the opening ratio and improve tunneling efficiency.

[0045] Therefore, the pipe jacking machine provided by this invention features good sealing performance, a compact structure of the crushing and driving devices, and strong load-bearing capacity. The crushing device is equipped with a manhole, allowing workers to enter the cutterhead for observation, inspection, and replacement of worn cutters, which facilitates smooth tunneling operations. Furthermore, the cutters can be replaced in whole or in part depending on the geological structure, improving construction efficiency and controlling the cost of pipe jacking. The sealing design of the pipe jacking machine provided by this invention, using a combination of multiple seals, further enhances the overall reliability of the machine.

[0046] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the pipe jacking machine provided by the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the medium crushing device;

[0049] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the front structure of the medium-sized crusher head;

[0050] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hobbing cutter fixing component provided by the present invention;

[0051] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle;

[0052] Figure 6 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the planar structure and enlarged cross-section of the intermediate crushing chamber;

[0053] Figure 7 for Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point B;

[0054] Figure 8 for Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point C;

[0055] Figure 9 The figure shows a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the pipe jacking machine provided by the present invention;

[0056] Figure 10 A flowchart of the pipe jacking machine construction method provided by the present invention;

[0057] Figure 11 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the system principle of the third tube in the middle.

[0058] Figure label:

[0059] 1. Pipe jacking machine; 101. Shell; 102. Pipe body; 11. First pipe body; 12. Second pipe body; 13. Third pipe body; 14. Fourth pipe body; 111. Outer ring; 112. Ski; 113. Water-stopping structure; 114. Sealing structure; 115, 117. Oil injection holes; 116. Shield tail brush; 118. Bulkhead; 121, 131. Air chamber door; 122. Pipe body air inlet valve, balance air valve; 132. Internal vent valve; 133. Safety valve; 134. Pressure gauge; 135. External vent valve; 136. Air inlet pressure regulating valve; 2. Crushing device; 21. Crushing cutter head; 210. Cutter head body; 211. First double-edged roller cutter; 212. Front scraper; 213. 214 Edge scraper; 215 Second double-edged roller cutter; 216 Single-edged roller cutter; 217 Locking block; 218 Locking bolt; 219 Removal bolt; 22 Crushing chamber; 221 Cutter head bracket; 222 Feed inlet; 223 Auxiliary feed inlet; 224 Crushing bar; 23 Mud and water chamber; 231 Mud discharge port; 3 Hollow roller; 31 Force transmission ring; 32 Force transmission ring seal; 321 Water stop tooth; 322 Oil hole; 33 Connecting structure; 4 Drive device; 41 Reducer; 42 Drive motor; 6 Manhole passage; 7 Correction jack; 8 Electrical cabinet; 9 Correction power station; 10 Hinged jack; 41-43 Steps; 5 Air compressor Detailed Implementation

[0060] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0061] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0062] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, directional terms such as "upper," "lower," "top," and "bottom" are generally used to describe the relative positions of components in relation to the directions shown in the accompanying drawings or in relation to the vertical, perpendicular, or gravitational directions. The transverse direction refers to the direction consistent with the length of the transverse reinforcing bar, and the longitudinal direction refers to the direction consistent with the length of the longitudinal reinforcing bar.

[0063] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0064] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0065] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the overall structure of a pipe jacking machine provided by the present invention. Figure 2 for Figure 1A schematic diagram of the crushing device is shown in the figure. As can be seen in one embodiment of the present invention, the pipe jacking machine 1 includes a housing 101 and a pipe body 102. The housing 101 is integrally fitted around the outer periphery of the pipe body 102; the outer diameter of the pipe body 102 is smaller than the outer diameter of the housing 101, i.e., a pipe wall gap is provided between the pipe body 102 and the housing 101. The pipe body 102 includes a first pipe body 11, a second pipe body 12, and a third pipe body 13, which are sequentially hinged together from front to back along the direction of travel of the pipe jacking machine 1. The tail of the first pipe body 11 is hinged to the head of the second pipe body 12 by a hinge jack, and the tail of the second pipe body 12 is hinged to the head of the third pipe body 13 by a hinge jack. A crushing device 2, a driving device 4, and a bulkhead 118 are provided inside the first pipe body 11, dividing the first pipe body 11 into two independent compartments. The drive unit 4 is located on the side of the bulkhead 118 closest to the direction of travel of the pipe jacking machine, and the crushing device 2 is located on the other side of the bulkhead 118. The crushing device 2 is connected to the drive unit 4 via a hollow rotating shaft 3 and performs the cutting and crushing action under the drive of the drive unit 4. To maintain the sealing between the crushing device 2 and the drive unit, the hollow rotating shaft 3 includes a force transmission ring 31; and a force transmission ring sealing ring 32 is provided on the force transmission ring 31. In addition, to further increase the overall sealing of the pipe jacking machine, sealing structures 114 are respectively provided at the hinge joints of the first pipe body 11 and the second pipe body 12, and at the hinge joints of the second pipe body 12 and the third pipe body 13. A water-stopping structure 113 and a shield tail brush 116 are provided on the outer periphery of the third pipe body 13. To facilitate the replacement of cutters during operation, a manhole passage 6 is also provided inside the crushing device 2.

[0066] In the above embodiment, the pipe body 102 is a steel pipe with an inner diameter of 2000mm and an outer diameter of 2020mm. The inner diameter of the shell 101 is 40mm larger than the outer diameter of the pipe body, and the outer diameter of the shell 101 is 2080mm. A pipe wall gap is provided between the pipe body 102 and the shell 101. This gap serves to form a friction-reducing slurry sleeve on the pipe wall, reducing the jacking force and increasing the distance of a single jacking. Four correction cylinders are connected in a "well" shape between the first pipe body 11, the second pipe body 12, and the third pipe body 13. A sealing structure 114 is provided in the gap between the pipe bodies, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 As shown, a sealing structure 114 is provided in the gap between the first tube 11 and the second tube 12. The sealing structure 114 ensures that no leakage occurs in this gap during the correction process. In addition, a pin for an anti-deflection device can be welded at the connection of the first tube 11, the second tube 12 and the third tube 13 to effectively prevent relative deflection of the first tube, the second tube and the third tube.

[0067] In the above embodiment, an outer ring 111 is designed at the end of the first pipe body 11, and a ski 112 is provided at a 120-degree angle below it, with the outer ring 111 and the ski 112 abutting against each other. This design serves two purposes: firstly, it prevents backflow of debris, as debris would fill the gaps and jam the pipe jacking machine, thus preventing the pipe from advancing; secondly, because the cutting outer diameter of the cutterhead 21 is much larger than the outer diameter of the housing 101, the ring 111 also facilitates the control of the pipe jacking machine's attitude. The first pipe body 11 also includes a correction jack 7 and a measuring system for adjusting the forward angle of the pipe jacking machine 1. The measuring system consists of two main parts: a measuring target installed on the first pipe body 11, and an inclinometer and pressure gauge installed inside the first pipe body 11. The laser beam from the fully automatic measuring instrument shines on the measuring target, which can be used to determine the direction of the pipe jacking machine 1's excavation, the elevation deviation, and the effect of the correction. The inclinometer is also used to determine the horizontal attitude, pitch, and deflection of the first pipe body 11. The drive unit 4 installed inside the first tube 11 includes a reducer 41 and a drive motor 42 connected to the reducer 41. The reducer 41 may be a planetary reducer.

[0068] The second pipe body 12 houses an electrical cabinet 8, a correction power station 9 connected to the correction jack 7, and a hinged jack 10 located at the hinge joint between the second pipe body 12 and the third pipe body 13. The third pipe body 13 can be equipped with a pressure chamber; a pressure chamber door 121 is located at the connection between the second and third pipe bodies, and a pressure chamber door 131 is also located on the third pipe body. The sealing structure 114 includes three sealing rings, with grease injection holes 115 designed between them to ensure reliable sealing. In emergencies, leak-proof sealing grease can be injected. Furthermore, the casing 101 of the pipe jacking machine 1 can also be equipped with sealing strips, and grease injection nozzles are required at the sealing strip locations. Each sealing strip has six grease injection nozzles circumferentially. Silicone ion oil is added once per shift to ensure lubrication of the sealing strips and reduce wear. In case of sealing strip wear leading to water-stopping failure, polyurethane emergency water-stopping can be added through the injection nozzles.

[0069] The crushing device 2 includes a crushing disc 21, a crushing chamber 22, and a slurry chamber 23. Primary crushing is performed by the cutting tools on the front of the crushing disc 21, secondary crushing is completed within the crushing chamber 22, and the crushed debris enters the slurry chamber 23 and is then discharged through a conveying pipe. The crushing disc 21 is located at the front end of the first pipe body 11 and is used for cutting rock or soft soil layers; cutting tools are arranged on the front of the crushing disc 21. Figure 2 Manhole 6 can be seen. During the operation of the pipe jacking machine 11, when it is necessary to change the cutters of the crushing disc 21, workers can enter the crushing chamber through manhole 6 to change the cutters. The inner diameter of the manhole is 600mm. The space on the back of the crushing disc 21 is D2008*600mm (excluding the cone part), and this space can accommodate 2 people to change the cutters.

[0070] like Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the front structure of the crusher disc 21 shows that it includes a disc body 210 and a first double-edged hob 211, a second double-edged hob 214, a single-edged hob 215, a front scraper 212, and an edge scraper 213, all detachably fixed to the disc body 210. The first double-edged hob 211, the second double-edged hob 210, the hob 214, the front scraper 212, and the edge scraper 213 are all fixed to the disc body 210 by fasteners. The dimensions of the first double-edged hob 211 and the second double-edged hob 215 are different. For example, the first double-edged hob can be 12.5 inches, the second double-edged hob can be 14 inches, and the single-edged hob can also be 14 inches; no limitation is set here. In this embodiment, the cutting outer diameter of the crusher disc 21 is 60 mm larger than the outer diameter of the housing 101, and the maximum cutting outer diameter of the crusher disc 21 is 2140 mm, which is used to meet the requirements for creating a hole. Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, the cutterhead is equipped with 10 roller cutters, including 8 double-edged 12.5-inch roller cutters, 2 double-edged 14-inch roller cutters, 2 single-edged 14-inch roller cutters, 4 edge scrapers, and 16 straight-edged scrapers. The roller cutters advance 25mm ahead of the scrapers in the axial direction, which is beneficial for rock breaking and excavation. The distance between the roller cutters is 70mm, the diameter of the roller cutters is 318mm, and the number of roller cutters N = D / 2λ (where D is the diameter of the cutterhead and λ is the distance between the roller cutters). Furthermore, wear-resistant cobalt-based welding material or wear-resistant strips can be applied to the front and outer surfaces of the cutterhead 21 to increase its wear resistance.

[0071] like Figure 4 The diagram shows a structural schematic of the fixing component for the cutters on the crusher disc 21 provided by the present invention. As can be seen in the diagram, the fixing component includes a locking block 216, a locking bolt 217, a U-shaped bracket 218, and a disassembly bolt 219. The locking bolt 217 passes through the locking block 216 to fix the double-edged roller cutters 211, 214, or single-edged roller cutters 215 to the disc body 210. To remove the double-edged roller cutters 211, 214, or single-edged roller cutters 215, first remove the locking bolt 217, then install the U-shaped bracket 218, and then pass the disassembly bolt 219 through the U-shaped bracket 218 and the locking block 216 in sequence. Rotating the disassembly bolt 219 will pull out the locking block 216, thus removing the double-edged roller cutters 211, 214, or single-edged roller cutters 215. When the geological conditions change from rock to soft soil, the cutting roller will become ineffective. At this time, the cutting roller can be removed and replaced with a spare ram's horn scraper, so that the pipe jacking machine can meet the requirements for construction in soft soil.

[0072] like Figure 5 and 6 As shown, Figure 5for Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle. Figure 6 This diagram shows a plan view and a partially enlarged cross-section of the crushing chamber 22. As can be seen, the crushing chamber 22 includes an outer cone and a cutter head support 221. The outer cone is equipped with crushing bars 224, a feed inlet 222, and an auxiliary feed inlet 223. After the cutting tools on the front of the cutter head complete the initial crushing, the rock from the initial crushing enters the crushing chamber 22 and undergoes secondary crushing by the cutter head support 211, the outer cone, and the crushing bars 224. The crushed fragments enter the slurry chamber 23 through the slag inlet and are then discharged through the sludge discharge channel 231. The inner diameter of the feed inlet and the auxiliary feed inlet is 100 mm, and the inner diameter of the slag inlet is 45 mm. Only particles smaller than the diameter of the slag inlet can pass through the slag inlet into the slurry chamber 23 and then be discharged through the sludge discharge channel 231. In this embodiment, the mud and water tank 23 is an annular three-dimensional space with an inner diameter of 1050mm, an outer diameter of 1990mm, a length of 250mm, and a volume of 0.56 cubic meters.

[0073] Please see Figure 7 , Figure 7 for Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point B. In embodiments of the present invention, the main shaft seal is an important task in the design of the pipe jacking machine, and a crucial one at that, affecting its operational reliability. If the main shaft seal fails, the pipe jacking machine will be unable to operate normally; the seal determines the lifespan of the pipe jacking machine. Therefore, in embodiments of the present invention, a sealing ring with a multi-tooth structure is used. For details, please refer to... Figure 7In this embodiment, the main shaft is designed as a hollow rotating shaft. As shown in the figure, the hollow rotating shaft 3 includes a force transmission ring 31, and a force transmission ring sealing ring 32 is provided on the force transmission ring 31. The force transmission ring sealing ring 32 is detachably mounted on the force transmission ring 31 through a connecting structure 33. In this embodiment, the connecting structure can be a bolt and nut connection structure. The force transmission ring sealing ring 32 is provided with water-stopping teeth 321. In this embodiment, two rows of force transmission ring sealing rings are provided on the upper and lower sides of the force transmission ring 31. Preferably, the upper and lower rows of force transmission ring sealing rings have the same structural composition, the two ends of the upper and lower rows of force transmission ring sealing rings are symmetrical to each other in the vertical direction, and the upper and lower rows of force transmission ring sealing rings are parallel to each other in the horizontal direction. Further, for example, each row of force transmission ring sealing rings has 3 force transmission ring sealing rings 32, and the width of each force transmission ring sealing ring 32 is the same, for example, 105mm. Each transmission ring seal is provided with four water-stopping teeth 321. Preferably, the multiple water-stopping teeth 321 of each transmission ring seal are oriented in the same direction, at the same height, and with the same spacing. More preferably, the multiple water-stopping teeth 321 of each transmission ring seal in both the upper and lower rows are oriented in the same direction, at the same height, and with the same spacing. This arrangement requires external mud and water to pass through 12 obstacles before reaching the gearbox of the hollow rotating shaft 3, thus better protecting the gearbox transmission system. Optionally, the transmission ring seal 32 can be made of rubber, with a rubber height of 28mm, an assembly gap of 20mm, and a rubber compaction of 28%. Preferably, in each row of transmission ring seals 32, there is an oil hole 322 between the two middle seals for grease to pass through, serving as an emergency pressure seal and also as lubrication to reduce wear on the seals. When the pipe jacking machine is jacking, the grease lubrication pump works synchronously to ensure that the pressure of the rubber seal is always greater than the pressure of the soil chamber during operation.

[0074] Figure 8 for Figure 1 The enlarged structural diagram at point C shows that the water-stop structure 113, located at the front end of the third pipe body 13, includes two externally supported airbag-shaped rubber water-stop rings. Each externally supported airbag-shaped rubber water-stop has a width d1 of 40 mm and a thickness d2 of 70 mm. The water-stop structure 113 can be used to stop the groundwater outside the pipe wall behind the pipe body 101, thereby allowing operators to smoothly enter the area behind the cutterhead for cutter replacement operations.

[0075] like Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 The figure shows a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the pipe jacking machine provided by the present invention. The pipe jacking machine 1 provided in this embodiment... Figure 1The pipe jacking machine 1 shown also features a secondary thrust ring 14, within which a hinged jack 10 is installed, and the secondary thrust ring 14 is hinged to the third pipe body 13. A shield tail brush 116 is provided on the outer periphery of the secondary thrust ring, and oil injection holes 117 are evenly distributed circumferentially at the gaps between the shield tail brushes 116. The secondary thrust ring 14 is 2060mm long, and its connection type is an F-type socket type, with a secondary thrust stroke of 300mm and a jacking force of 4×1500KN. During construction, the secondary thrust ring is used for slow jacking at the interface between soft and hard surfaces. When the cutterhead 21 is changing cutters, the secondary thrust ring's secondary thrust cylinder retracts to pull back the pipe jacking machine 1 for easy cutter replacement.

[0076] like Figure 10 The diagram shows a flowchart of the pipe jacking machine construction method provided by the present invention. The pipe jacking machine construction method provided by the present invention includes the following steps;

[0077] Step 41; Set the forward path of the pipe jacking machine;

[0078] Step 42: The crushing device performs jacking operation according to the forward path under the drive of the drive device; and adjusts the forward angle of the pipe jacking machine by means of the correction jack based on the data detected by the measurement system.

[0079] Step 43: When the jacking speed of the pipe jacking machine gradually slows down to a preset value and the cutting current of the crushing device is detected to increase to a predetermined value, the tool of the crushing device is manually replaced through the manhole.

[0080] In the above method, the tool change operation in step 43 includes the following steps:

[0081] 31) Staff members enter the third tube;

[0082] 32) Connect the second pipe to the third pipe, and open the air inlet valve of the second pipe to slowly add purified compressed air into the second pipe until the compressed air reaches the specified value;

[0083] 33) Open the balancing air valve between the crushing device and the second pipe body. After the air pressure in the crushing chamber of the pipe jacking machine is consistent with the air pressure in the second pipe body, the workers will enter the crushing chamber through the manual passage to perform the cutter replacement operation.

[0084] Specifically, when the jacking speed gradually decreases to the preset value and the cutting current of the cutterhead increases accordingly to the predetermined value, it should be considered that the cutterhead cutting hob has reached the maximum wear designed for it, and therefore the chamber should be opened to replace the cutting hob. First, the workers, with the tools and equipment prepared for maintenance, enter the third pipe body 13, close the first air pressure chamber door 131, and open the second air pressure chamber door 121 to connect the working chamber 12 with the air pressure chamber; open the pipe body air inlet valve 122 and slowly add purified compressed air, pressurizing it at an air inlet rate of 0.05 kg / min until the air pressure reaches 4 kg / min and then stop the air supply. Then, open the balance air valve between the crushing chamber 22 of the pipe jacking machine 1 and the working chamber. After the air pressure in the crushing chamber 22 of the pipe jacking machine is consistent with the air pressure in the working chamber 12, the workers can open the crushing chamber 22 to perform the cutter replacement operation. In actual operation, each pressurization team consists of 4 people, with 2 people performing the cutter replacement operation in the crushing chamber 22 and 1 person remaining in the working chamber 12 for emergency support.

[0085] If increased water seepage occurs at the front of the pipe jacking machine 1 during the cutterhead replacement operation, making it unsafe for personnel to work, immediately evacuate the crushing chamber 22, close the crushing chamber door, enter the emergency transition chamber as quickly as possible, close and lock the pressure chamber door 121, close the internal vent valve 132, open the external vent valve 135, and slowly release the pressure at a rate of 0.03 kg per minute. Once the pressure gauge inside the pressure chamber drops to normal atmospheric pressure, the pressure chamber door 131 can be opened, and personnel can evacuate the pressure chamber.

[0086] After the normal cutter change operation is completed, the personnel exit the crushing chamber 22, close the chamber door, close the balance valve 133, open the vent valve 132 inside the chamber, and slowly release the pressure at a rate of 0.03 kg per minute. Once the pressure gauges in the working chamber 12 and the pressure chamber 13 drop to normal atmospheric pressure, the pressure chamber door 131 can be opened and the personnel can evacuate.

[0087] The tunnel boring machine for composite strata provided by this invention employs a structure with multiple roller cutters within the crushing device. This structure ensures uniform and efficient cutting of the rock during the cutting process, guaranteeing smooth tunneling of the pipe body. Simultaneously, the rock fragments, after secondary crushing in the crushing chamber, are broken into finer rock chips. These chips are then mixed with the slurry in the mud chamber and enter the mud discharge channel, preventing blockages during discharge. The tunnel boring machine provided by this invention features excellent sealing, a compact crushing and driving device, and strong load-bearing capacity. The crushing device includes a manhole, allowing operators to enter the cutterhead for observation, inspection, and replacement of worn cutters, facilitating smooth tunneling. Furthermore, the cutters can be replaced in whole or in part depending on the geological structure, improving construction efficiency and controlling construction costs. The sealing design of the tunnel boring machine, combining multiple sealing methods, further enhances overall machine reliability.

[0088] The construction method for the pipe jacking machine provided by this invention is simple to operate and facilitates the replacement of cutting tools according to their usage during construction. For example, when the pipe jacking machine enters a soft soil section from a rocky section, the cutting tools of the pipe jacking machine can be replaced in sections and steps according to the conditions of the working face, replacing some of the roller cutters with scissor cutters to increase the opening ratio and improve tunneling efficiency.

[0089] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0090] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0091] Furthermore, various different embodiments of the present invention can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A pipe jacking machine, comprising a housing and a pipe body, wherein the housing is sleeved around the outer periphery of the pipe body; characterized in that, A wall gap is provided between the tube body and the shell to form a friction-reducing slurry sleeve on the tube wall, reduce the jacking force, and increase the distance of a single jacking. The tube body includes a first tube body, a second tube body, and a third tube body. The first tube body and the second tube body are hinged together, and the second tube body and the third tube body are hinged together. A crushing device, a driving device, and a partition are provided inside the first tube body. The partition divides the first tube body into two compartments. The driving device is located on one side of the partition, and the crushing device is located on the other side of the partition. The crushing device is connected to the driving device via a hollow rotating shaft. The hollow rotating shaft is connected and completes the cutting and crushing action under the drive of the driving device; the hollow rotating shaft includes a force transmission ring; a force transmission ring seal is provided on the force transmission ring, and the force transmission ring seal is provided on the force transmission ring through a connecting structure; a row of force transmission ring seals is directly provided on the upper and lower sides of the force transmission ring, the upper and lower rows of force transmission ring seals have the same structure, the two ends of the upper and lower rows of force transmission ring seals are symmetrical to each other in the vertical direction, and the upper and lower rows of force transmission ring seals are parallel to each other in the horizontal direction, wherein each row of force transmission ring seals includes 3 force transmission ring seals. Each of the aforementioned force transmission ring seals has the same width, and each force transmission ring seal has four water-stopping teeth. The water-stopping teeth of each force transmission ring seal have the same orientation, height, and spacing. Specifically, the water-stopping teeth of each force transmission ring seal in both the upper and lower rows have the same orientation, height, and spacing, thus facilitating the passage of external mud and water through 12 obstacles to reach the interior of the hollow shaft gearbox, better protecting the gearbox transmission system. The force transmission ring seals are made of rubber, and the rubber's height... The diameter is 28mm, the assembly gap is 20mm, the rubber compaction reaches 28%, and in each row of force transmission ring seals, there is an oil hole between the two middle seals for grease to pass through, which serves as an emergency pressure seal and also as a lubricant to reduce the wear of the seals. When the pipe jacking machine is jacking, the grease lubrication pump works synchronously to ensure that the pressure of the rubber seal is always greater than the soil chamber pressure during operation; sealing structures are respectively provided at the hinge of the first pipe body and the second pipe body and the hinge of the second pipe body and the third pipe body, and a water-stop structure and a shield tail brush are provided on the outer periphery of the third pipe body.

2. The pipe jacking machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The crushing device includes a crushing cutterhead, a crushing chamber, and a slurry chamber. The crushing cutterhead includes a cutterhead body and a first double-edged roller cutter, a second double-edged roller cutter, a single-edged roller cutter, a front scraper, and an edge scraper fixed on the cutterhead body. The double-edged roller cutter and the single-edged roller cutter are fixed by fasteners. Wear-resistant strips are provided on the front and outer ring surfaces of the crushing cutterhead. The cutting outer diameter of the crushing cutterhead is 60 mm larger than the outer diameter of the shell. The maximum cutting outer diameter of the crushing cutterhead is 2140 mm, which is used to meet the requirements for tunneling. The roller cutter advances 25 mm ahead of the scraper in the axial direction, which is beneficial for rock breaking and tunneling.

3. The pipe jacking machine as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The fixing components include a locking block, a locking bolt, a U-shaped bracket, and a disassembly bolt. The locking bolt passes through the locking block to fix the double-edged or single-edged cutter to the cutter head body. The disassembly bolt passes through the U-shaped bracket and the locking block in sequence to remove the double-edged or single-edged cutter. When the geological conditions change from rock to soft soil, the cutter fails. In this case, the cutter is removed and replaced with a spare ram's horn-shaped scraper, so that the pipe jacking machine can meet the requirements for construction in soft soil.

4. The pipe jacking machine as described in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The crushing chamber includes an outer cone and a cutter head bracket. The outer cone is provided with crushing bars, a feed inlet and an auxiliary feed inlet. The feed inlet is connected to the slurry chamber, and the slurry chamber is provided with a sludge discharge channel.

5. The pipe jacking machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water-stopping structure includes two externally supported airbag-shaped rubber water-stop rings, each with a thickness of 70mm and a width of 40mm.

6. The pipe jacking machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The outer circumference of the first tube is provided with an outer ring and a ski, the outer ring is located at the first end of the first tube, and the ski abuts against the outer ring.

7. The pipe jacking machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The drive device includes a reducer and a drive motor connected to the reducer. The first pipe body is also equipped with a correction jack for adjusting the forward angle of the pipe jacking machine.

8. The pipe jacking machine as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The first tube is also equipped with a measurement system; the second tube is equipped with an electrical cabinet, a correction power station connected to the correction jack, and a hinged jack located at the hinge joint between the second tube and the third tube.

9. The pipe jacking machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a secondary thrust ring, which is provided with a hinged jack and is hinged to the third tube body through the hinged jack. The outer periphery of the secondary thrust ring is provided with a shield tail brush, and oil injection holes are uniformly provided in the circumferential direction at the gaps of the shield tail brush.

10. A construction method for a pipe jacking machine, using the pipe jacking machine as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Set the forward path of the pipe jacking machine; 2) The crushing device performs jacking operation according to the forward path under the drive of the drive device; and adjusts the forward angle of the pipe jacking machine by means of the correction jacking machine's correction jacks based on the data detected by the pipe jacking machine's measurement system. 3) When the jacking speed of the pipe jacking machine gradually slows down to a preset value and the cutting current of the crushing device is detected to increase to a predetermined value, the tool of the crushing device is manually changed by setting the manhole channel of the crushing device.

11. The construction method of the pipe jacking machine as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The tool changing operation includes the following steps: 31) Staff members enter the third tube; 32) Connect the second pipe to the third pipe, and open the air inlet valve of the second pipe to slowly add purified compressed air into the second pipe until the compressed air reaches the specified value; 33) Open the balancing air valve between the crushing device and the second pipe body. After the air pressure in the crushing chamber of the jacking machine is consistent with the air pressure in the second pipe body, the workers enter the crushing chamber through the manual passage to perform the cutter replacement operation.

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