A compressed air energy storage, ORC and solar coupling device and method of operation

Abstract

The application discloses a compressed air energy storage, solar energy and ORC coupling device. The device comprises a driving motor, a primary compressor, a secondary compressor, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, an ORC working medium pump, a third heat exchanger, an ORC turbine, a first generator, a water pump, a medium-pressure air extraction pump, a medium-pressure air storage chamber, a heat storage library, a heat storage library outlet pump, a cold storage library, a cold storage library outlet pump, a fourth heat exchanger, a high-pressure air extraction pump, a high-pressure air storage chamber, a heat storage tank inlet pump, a heat storage tank, a fifth heat exchanger, a cold storage tank, a cold storage tank inlet pump, a second generator, a secondary air turbine, a primary air turbine, a first regulating valve, a second regulating valve, a third regulating valve, a solar energy collector, a third generator and a fourth regulating valve. The application can reduce the throttling loss of the device adopting the constant volume air storage chamber under the sliding pressure working condition and can reduce the compression power consumption of the device adopting the medium-pressure and high-pressure air storage chambers relative to the device adopting only the high-pressure air storage chamber.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy storage technology and relates to a compressed air energy storage, ORC and solar energy coupling device and its operation method. Background Technology

[0002] In compressed air energy storage systems, most storage chambers utilize low-cost constant-volume storage devices. During energy release, operating under sliding pressure conditions provides higher work capacity than constant-pressure conditions with throttle valves. However, under sliding pressure conditions, as energy release progresses, the pressure gradually decreases, causing the inlet pressure to fall below the air turbine's design operating pressure, thus reducing the air turbine's work capacity. Sliding pressure conditions typically maintain 100% load operation with full-circuit air intake and a make-up air valve, requiring make-up air between the high-pressure cylinder stages of the air turbine, resulting in significant throttling losses.

[0003] The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a Rankine cycle that uses low-boiling-point organic matter as the working fluid. It mainly consists of four parts: a waste heat boiler (or heat exchanger), a turbine, a condenser, and a working fluid pump. The ORC system can recover low-grade heat energy generated when the compression ratio of a single-stage compressor is low, while reducing the consumption of compression work.

[0004] Solar thermal systems utilize a heat-conducting working fluid to absorb heat from solar collectors and store it in a heat storage tank, which can increase the temperature of the air entering the high-pressure air turbine.

[0005] Coupled compressed air energy storage with ORC and solar energy can solve the problems of low stability and efficiency of compressed air energy storage systems, but there is currently relatively little content on compressed air energy storage, ORC and solar energy coupling devices.

[0006] The existing published patent, titled "Solar Thermal Compressed Air Energy Storage System and Method Coupled with ORC" (Publication No. CN 115773215A), discloses "a solar thermal compressed air energy storage system and method coupled with ORC, including a compressed air energy storage system, a gas-water heater, a high-temperature air heater, an air turbine unit, a generator, a high-temperature thermal storage system, a first water thermal storage system, a second water thermal storage system, an ORC low-temperature power generation system, and a solar thermal system; the outlet of the compressed air energy storage system is sequentially connected to the gas-water heater, the high-temperature air heater, and the air turbine unit; the air turbine unit is connected to the generator; the compressed air energy storage system includes a multi-stage compressor, with two stages of compression..." A cooler assembly is installed between the compressors; the cooler assembly is connected to the high-temperature thermal storage system and the first water thermal storage system respectively; the ORC low-temperature power generation system is connected to the second water thermal storage system; the second water thermal storage system supplies heat to the ORC low-temperature power generation system, and the solar thermal system is connected to the high-temperature thermal storage system; solar thermal supplementation is used to raise the inlet temperature of each stage of the turbine and improve the overall efficiency of the system. This patent does not specify the air turbine operation mode. If a sliding pressure operation mode with full-circumference air intake and a supplementary air valve is adopted for expansion, supplementary air can only be obtained through the air inside the air storage chamber, resulting in a high supplementary air throttling loss. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a compressed air energy storage, ORC, and solar energy coupling device and its operating method. High-pressure air in the high-pressure storage chamber enters the high-pressure air turbine for smooth operation. When the air pressure in the high-pressure storage chamber drops to the air pressure in the medium-pressure storage chamber, the air in the medium-pressure storage chamber, along with the depressurized air in the high-pressure storage chamber, enters the medium-pressure air turbine to perform work. This operating method can reduce the throttling losses of interstage air replenishment under sliding pressure conditions in devices using constant-volume storage chambers. At the same time, the use of medium- and high-pressure storage chambers reduces the consumption of compression work compared to devices using only a high-pressure storage chamber.

[0008] The present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0009] On the one hand, this application provides a compressed air energy storage, ORC and solar energy coupling device, including a multi-stage compression system, a heat exchange system, an ORC system, a multi-stage expansion system and a solar thermal collection system;

[0010] The multi-stage compression system is connected to the ORC system through the first heat exchanger, the multi-stage compression system is connected to the heat exchange system through the second heat exchanger, the multi-stage compression system is connected to the multi-stage expansion system through the medium-pressure gas storage chamber and the high-pressure gas storage chamber, the heat exchange system is connected to the multi-stage expansion system through the fourth heat exchanger, and the solar thermal collector system is connected to the multi-stage expansion system through the fifth heat exchanger.

[0011] The multi-stage expansion system includes a second generator, a second-stage air turbine, a first-stage air turbine, and a third generator; the first-stage air turbine is coaxially connected to the third generator, and the second-stage air turbine is coaxially connected to the second generator.

[0012] Furthermore, the multi-stage compression system includes a drive motor, a primary compressor, a secondary compressor, a medium-pressure air pump, and a high-pressure air pump;

[0013] The drive motor is coaxially connected to the first-stage compressor and the second-stage compressor; air is input from the inlet of the first-stage compressor, the outlet of the first-stage compressor is connected to the inlet of the first heat exchanger, the outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the medium-pressure air pump, and the outlet of the medium-pressure air pump is connected to the inlet of the medium-pressure air storage chamber.

[0014] Furthermore, the outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the second-stage compressor, the outlet of the second-stage compressor is connected to the inlet of the second heat exchanger, the outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure suction pump, and the outlet of the high-pressure suction pump is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure gas storage chamber.

[0015] Furthermore, the heat exchange system includes a thermal storage tank, a thermal storage tank outlet pump, a cold storage tank, and a cold storage tank outlet pump;

[0016] The outlet of the cold storage is connected to the inlet of the second heat exchanger, the outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the thermal storage outlet pump, the outlet of the thermal storage outlet pump is connected to the inlet of the thermal storage, the outlet of the thermal storage is connected to the inlet of the thermal storage outlet pump, the outlet of the thermal storage outlet pump is connected to the inlet of the cold storage outlet pump, and the outlet of the cold storage outlet pump is connected to the inlet of the cold storage.

[0017] Furthermore, the ORC system includes an ORC working fluid pump, a third heat exchanger, an ORC steam turbine, a first generator, and a water pump;

[0018] The outlet of the ORC working fluid pump is connected to the inlet of the first heat exchanger, the outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the ORC turbine, the outlet of the ORC turbine is connected to the inlet of the third heat exchanger, and the outlet of the third heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the ORC working fluid pump.

[0019] The ORC turbine is coaxially connected to the first generator.

[0020] Furthermore, water from the external environment enters the third heat exchanger via a water pump.

[0021] Furthermore, the multi-stage expansion system also includes a first regulating valve, a second regulating valve, a third regulating valve, and a fourth regulating valve;

[0022] The outlet of the high-pressure gas storage chamber is connected to the inlet of the fifth heat exchanger, the outlet of the fifth heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the second regulating valve, and the outlet of the second regulating valve is connected to the inlet of the second-stage air turbine.

[0023] The outlet of the fifth heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the first regulating valve, the outlet of the first regulating valve is connected to the inlet of the first-stage air turbine, and the outlet of the first-stage air turbine is connected to the external environment.

[0024] Furthermore, the outlet of the medium-pressure gas storage chamber is connected to the inlet of the fourth heat exchanger, the outlet of the fourth heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the third regulating valve, the outlet of the third regulating valve is connected to the inlet of the secondary air turbine, and the outlet of the secondary air turbine is connected to the external environment.

[0025] The outlet of the third regulating valve is connected to the inlet of the fourth regulating valve, and the outlet of the fourth regulating valve is connected to the inlet of the first-stage air turbine.

[0026] Furthermore, the solar thermal system includes a thermal storage tank inlet pump, a thermal storage tank, a cold storage tank, a cold storage tank inlet pump, and a solar collector;

[0027] The outlet of the solar collector is connected to the inlet pump of the thermal storage tank. The outlet of the inlet pump of the thermal storage tank is connected to the inlet of the thermal storage tank. The outlet of the thermal storage tank is connected to the inlet of the fifth heat exchanger. The outlet of the fifth heat exchanger is connected to the inlet pump of the cold storage tank. The outlet of the inlet pump of the cold storage tank is connected to the inlet of the cold storage tank. The outlet of the cold storage tank is connected to the inlet of the solar collector.

[0028] On the other hand, this application provides an operation method for a compressed air energy storage, ORC and solar energy coupling device, wherein the compressed air energy storage, ORC and solar energy coupling device operates as an energy storage device when the power grid is in a low-peak period.

[0029] When the power grid experiences peak electricity demand, the compressed air energy storage, ORC, and solar coupling devices operate to generate electricity.

[0030] Furthermore, when compressed air energy storage, ORC, and solar coupling devices are used for energy storage operation:

[0031] The multi-stage compression system compresses air from the external environment and cools it; part of the cooled air is drawn into the medium-pressure air storage chamber; the other part of the air is compressed and cooled, and then drawn into the high-pressure air storage chamber.

[0032] The heat exchange system draws in the working fluid, which is then cooled by a second heat exchanger and stored.

[0033] After the ORC system drives the working fluid into the first heat exchanger to cool the air, it expands the working fluid to do work and then cools the working fluid after it has expanded and done work.

[0034] A solar thermal system converts solar energy into the internal energy of a working fluid, which is then extracted and stored.

[0035] Furthermore, when compressed air energy storage, ORC, and solar coupling devices are used for power generation:

[0036] Solar thermal systems extract and store the working fluid;

[0037] The multi-stage expansion system opens the first, third, and fourth regulating valves. Air in the medium-pressure storage chamber absorbs heat through the fourth heat exchanger and reaches the first-stage air turbine for replenishment. Air in the high-pressure storage chamber absorbs heat through the fifth heat exchanger and reaches the first-stage air turbine for expansion and work, driving the third generator to work.

[0038] Furthermore, when the air pressure in the high-pressure gas storage chamber drops to the same level as the air pressure in the medium-pressure gas storage chamber, the multi-stage expansion system closes the first and fourth regulating valves and opens the second regulating valve; air enters the second-stage air turbine to expand and do work, driving the second generator to work;

[0039] The heat exchange system draws the working fluid through the outlet pump of the cold storage, and then heats the air through the fourth heat exchanger before storing it.

[0040] The multi-stage expansion system opens the third regulating valve, and the air in the medium-pressure gas storage chamber is heated by the fourth heat exchanger and then enters the second-stage air turbine together with the depressurized air in the high-pressure gas storage chamber to expand and do work.

[0041] The beneficial effects of this invention are compared with those of the prior art:

[0042] (1) By using the air inside the medium-pressure gas storage chamber to provide interstage gas supply to the high-pressure air turbine to maintain the device at 100% load operation, the throttling loss can be reduced.

[0043] (2) When the compression ratio of the primary compressor is small, the ORC device can be used to cool the heat generated during compression, which can reduce the compression work and recover low-grade heat energy.

[0044] (3) Using medium and high pressure air storage chambers can reduce the consumption of compression work generated during air compression compared to using only high pressure air storage chambers. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a compressed air energy storage, ORC and solar energy coupling device provided by the present invention;

[0046] In the diagram: 1. Drive motor; 2. Primary compressor; 3. Secondary compressor; 4. First heat exchanger; 5. Second heat exchanger; 6. ORC working fluid pump; 7. Third heat exchanger; 8. ORC turbine; 9. First generator; 10. Water pump; 11. Medium-pressure air pump; 12. Medium-pressure gas storage chamber; 13. Thermal storage tank; 14. Thermal storage tank outlet pump; 15. Cold storage tank; 16. Cold storage tank outlet pump; 17. Fourth heat exchanger; 18. High-pressure air pump; 19. High-pressure gas storage chamber; 20. Thermal storage tank inlet pump; 21. Thermal storage tank; 22. Fifth heat exchanger; 23. Cold storage tank; 24. Cold storage tank inlet pump; 25. Second generator; 26. Secondary air turbine; 27. Primary air turbine; 28. First regulating valve; 29. ​​Second regulating valve; 30. Third regulating valve; 31. Solar collector; 32. Third generator; 33. Fourth regulating valve. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this invention. The embodiments described in this application are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the spirit of this invention, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are all within the protection scope of this invention.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, a compressed air energy storage, ORC and solar energy coupling device includes a multi-stage compression system, a heat exchange system, an ORC system, a multi-stage expansion system and a solar thermal collection system. The multi-stage compression system and the ORC system are connected through a first heat exchanger 4, the multi-stage compression system and the heat exchange system are connected through a second heat exchanger 5, the multi-stage compression system and the multi-stage expansion system are connected through a medium-pressure air storage chamber 12 and a high-pressure air storage chamber 19, and the heat exchange system and the multi-stage expansion system are connected through a fourth heat exchanger 17.

[0049] The solar thermal collector system and the multi-stage expansion system are connected through the fifth heat exchanger 22.

[0050] The multi-stage compression system includes a drive motor 1, a primary compressor 2, a secondary compressor 3, a first heat exchanger 4, a second heat exchanger 5, a medium-pressure air pump 11, a medium-pressure air storage chamber 12, a high-pressure air pump 18, and a high-pressure air storage chamber 19. The drive motor 1 is coaxially connected to the primary compressor 2 and the secondary compressor 3. Air is input from the inlet of the primary compressor 2, and the outlet of the primary compressor 2 is connected to the inlet of the first heat exchanger 4. The outlet of the first heat exchanger 4 is connected to the inlet of the secondary compressor 3 and the inlet of the medium-pressure air pump 11. The outlet of the medium-pressure air pump 11 is connected to the inlet of the medium-pressure air storage chamber 12. The outlet of the secondary compressor 3 is connected to the inlet of the second heat exchanger 5, and the outlet of the second heat exchanger 5 is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure air pump 18. The outlet of the high-pressure air pump 18 is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure air storage chamber 19.

[0051] The heat exchange system includes a second heat exchanger 5, a thermal storage tank 13, a thermal storage tank outlet pump 14, a cold storage tank 15, and a cold storage tank outlet pump 16.

[0052] The outlet of cold storage 15 is connected to the inlet of the second heat exchanger 5. The outlet of the second heat exchanger 5 is connected to the inlet of the heat storage outlet pump 14. The outlet of the heat storage outlet pump 14 is connected to the inlet of the heat storage 13. The outlet of the heat storage 13 is connected to the inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 14. The outlet of the fourth heat exchanger 14 is connected to the inlet of the cold storage 16. The outlet of the cold storage outlet pump 16 is connected to the inlet of the cold storage 15.

[0053] The ORC system includes a first heat exchanger 4, an ORC working fluid pump 6, a third heat exchanger 7, an ORC steam turbine 8, a first generator 9, and a water pump 10.

[0054] The outlet of ORC working fluid pump 6 is connected to the inlet of the first heat exchanger 4. The outlet of the first heat exchanger 4 is connected to the inlet of ORC turbine 8. The outlet of ORC turbine 8 is connected to the inlet of the third heat exchanger 7. The outlet of the third heat exchanger 7 is connected to the inlet of ORC working fluid pump 6. ORC turbine 8 is coaxially connected to the first generator 9. Water from the external environment enters the third heat exchanger 7 through water pump 10.

[0055] The multi-stage expansion system includes a medium-pressure gas storage chamber 12, a fourth heat exchanger 17, a high-pressure gas storage chamber 19, a fifth heat exchanger 22, a second generator 25, a second-stage air turbine 26, a first-stage air turbine 27, a first regulating valve 28, a second regulating valve 29, a third regulating valve 30, a third generator 32, and a fourth regulating valve 33.

[0056] The outlet of the high-pressure gas storage chamber 19 is connected to the inlet of the fifth heat exchanger 22. The outlet of the fifth heat exchanger 22 is connected to the inlet of the second regulating valve 29 and the inlet of the first regulating valve 28. The inlet of the second regulating valve 29 is connected to the inlet of the medium-pressure air turbine 26. The outlet of the first regulating valve 28 is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure air turbine 27. The outlet of the high-pressure air turbine 27 is connected to the external environment. The high-pressure air turbine 27 is coaxially connected to the third generator 32.

[0057] The outlet of the medium-pressure gas storage chamber 12 is connected to the inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 17. The outlet of the fourth heat exchanger 17 is connected to the inlet of the third regulating valve 30. The outlet of the third regulating valve 30 is connected to the inlet of the fourth regulating valve 33 and the inlet of the secondary air turbine 26. The outlet of the fourth regulating valve 33 is connected to the interstage inlet of the primary air turbine 27. The outlet of the secondary air turbine 26 is connected to the external environment. The secondary air turbine 26 is coaxially connected to the second generator 25. The solar thermal system includes a heat storage tank inlet pump 20, a heat storage tank 21, a fifth heat exchanger 22, a cold storage tank 23, a cold storage tank inlet pump 24, and a solar collector 31.

[0058] Solar collector 31 is connected to the inlet of heat storage tank inlet pump 20. The outlet of heat storage tank inlet pump 20 is connected to the inlet of heat storage tank 21. The outlet of heat storage tank 21 is connected to the inlet of fifth heat exchanger 22. The outlet of fifth heat exchanger 22 is connected to the inlet of cold storage tank inlet pump 24. The outlet of cold storage tank inlet pump 24 is connected to the inlet of cold storage tank 23. The outlet of cold storage tank 23 is connected to solar collector 31.

[0059] When the power grid experiences off-peak electricity demand, the compressed air energy storage, ORC, and solar coupling device operate as energy storage devices.

[0060] When the power grid experiences peak electricity demand, the compressed air energy storage, ORC, and solar coupling devices operate to generate electricity.

[0061] During off-peak electricity demand periods, the energy storage process of this device is as follows:

[0062] The drive motor 1 drives the first-stage compressor 2 to compress air from the environment. The air pressure and temperature increase due to compression. After being cooled by the first heat exchanger 4, part of the air is drawn into the medium-pressure air storage chamber 12 by the medium-pressure air pump 11, and the other part is compressed by the second-stage compressor 3. The air temperature and pressure increase further. After being cooled by the second heat exchanger 5, the air is drawn into the high-pressure air storage chamber 19 by the high-pressure air pump 18.

[0063] The heat storage outlet pump 14 draws working fluid from the cold storage 15 into the second heat exchanger 5 to cool the air before storing it in the heat storage 13.

[0064] Water pump 10 draws water from the environment, enters the third heat exchanger 7, and then returns to the environment. ORC working fluid pump 6 drives the working fluid into the first heat exchanger 4 to cool the air, and then enters the ORC steam turbine 8 to expand and do work to drive the first generator 9 to work. After being cooled by the third heat exchanger 7, a cycle is completed.

[0065] When the solar thermal system is working, the solar collector 31 converts solar energy into the internal energy of the working fluid, which is then extracted and stored in the thermal storage tank 21 by the inlet pump 20.

[0066] During peak electricity demand periods, the power generation process of this device is as follows:

[0067] The inlet pump 24 of the cold storage tank operates, extracting the working fluid from the heat storage tank 21 and storing it in the cold storage tank 23 after heat exchange through the fifth heat exchanger 22.

[0068] When the first regulating valve 28, the third regulating valve 30 and the fourth regulating valve 33 are opened, the air in the medium-pressure air storage chamber 12 absorbs heat through the fourth heat exchanger 17 and enters the first-stage air turbine 27 for interstage replenishment. The high-pressure air in the high-pressure air storage chamber 19 absorbs heat through the fifth heat exchanger 22 and becomes high-temperature and high-pressure air, which expands and does work in the high-pressure air turbine 27, driving the third generator 32 to work.

[0069] When the high-pressure air in the high-pressure storage chamber 21 is reduced to the air pressure in the medium-pressure storage chamber 12, the first regulating valve 28 and the fourth regulating valve 33 are closed, and the second regulating valve 29 is opened; the medium-pressure air turbine 26 expands and does work, driving the second generator 25 to work.

[0070] When the cold storage outlet pump 16 is working, it draws working fluid from the heat storage 13 into the fourth heat exchanger 17 to heat the air and then stores it in the cold storage 15.

[0071] When the third regulating valve 30 is opened, the air in the medium-pressure air storage chamber 12 is heated by the fourth heat exchanger 17 and then enters the medium-pressure air turbine 26 together with the depressurized air in the high-pressure air storage chamber 21 to expand and do work.

[0072] The beneficial effects of this invention are compared with those of the prior art:

[0073] (1) By using the air inside the medium-pressure gas storage chamber to provide interstage gas supply to the high-pressure air turbine to maintain the device at 100% load operation, the throttling loss can be reduced.

[0074] (2) When the compression ratio of the primary compressor is small, the ORC device can be used to cool the heat generated during compression, which can reduce the compression work and recover low-grade heat energy.

[0075] (3) Using medium and high pressure air storage chambers can reduce the consumption of compression work generated during air compression compared to using only high pressure air storage chambers.

[0076] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compressed air energy storage, ORC, and solar energy coupling device, comprising a multi-stage compression system, a heat exchange system, an ORC system, a multi-stage expansion system, and a solar thermal collection system, characterized in that: The multi-stage compression system is connected to the ORC system via the first heat exchanger (4), the multi-stage compression system is connected to the heat exchange system via the second heat exchanger (5), the multi-stage compression system is connected to the multi-stage expansion system via the medium-pressure gas storage chamber (12) and the high-pressure gas storage chamber (19), the heat exchange system is connected to the multi-stage expansion system via the fourth heat exchanger (17), and the solar thermal collector system is connected to the multi-stage expansion system via the fifth heat exchanger (22). The heat exchange system includes a heat storage tank (13), a heat storage tank outlet pump (14), a cold storage tank (15), a cold storage tank outlet pump (16), and a fourth heat exchanger (17); the outlet of the cold storage tank (15) is connected to the inlet of the second heat exchanger (5), the outlet of the second heat exchanger (5) is connected to the inlet of the heat storage tank outlet pump (14), the outlet of the heat storage tank outlet pump (14) is connected to the inlet of the heat storage tank (13), the outlet of the heat storage tank (13) is connected to the inlet of the fourth heat exchanger (17), the outlet of the fourth heat exchanger (17) is connected to the inlet of the cold storage tank outlet pump (16), and the outlet of the cold storage tank outlet pump (16) is connected to the inlet of the cold storage tank (15); The multi-stage expansion system includes a second generator (25), a second-stage air turbine (26), a first-stage air turbine (27), and a third generator (32); the first-stage air turbine (27) is coaxially connected to the third generator (32), and the second-stage air turbine (26) is coaxially connected to the second generator (25). The multi-stage expansion system also includes a first regulating valve (28), a second regulating valve (29), a third regulating valve (30), and a fourth regulating valve (33); the outlet of the high-pressure gas storage chamber (19) is connected to the inlet of the fifth heat exchanger (22), the outlet of the fifth heat exchanger (22) is connected to the inlet of the second regulating valve (29), and the outlet of the second regulating valve (29) is connected to the inlet of the secondary air turbine (26); the outlet of the fifth heat exchanger (22) is connected to the inlet of the first regulating valve (28), and the outlet of the first regulating valve (28) is connected to the primary air turbine (26). 27) The inlet of the first-stage air turbine (27) is connected to the external environment; the outlet of the medium-pressure gas storage chamber (12) is connected to the inlet of the fourth heat exchanger (17), the outlet of the fourth heat exchanger (17) is connected to the inlet of the third regulating valve (30), the outlet of the third regulating valve (30) is connected to the inlet of the second-stage air turbine (26), the outlet of the second-stage air turbine (26) is connected to the external environment; the outlet of the third regulating valve (30) is connected to the inlet of the fourth regulating valve (33), the outlet of the fourth regulating valve (33) is connected to the inlet of the first-stage air turbine (27).

2. The compressed air energy storage, ORC, and solar energy coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage compression system includes a drive motor (1), a primary compressor (2), a secondary compressor (3), a medium-pressure air pump (11), and a high-pressure air pump (18). The drive motor (1) is coaxially connected to the first-stage compressor (2) and the second-stage compressor (3); air is input from the inlet of the first-stage compressor (2), the outlet of the first-stage compressor (2) is connected to the inlet of the first heat exchanger (4), the outlet of the first heat exchanger (4) is connected to the inlet of the medium-pressure air pump (11), and the outlet of the medium-pressure air pump (11) is connected to the inlet of the medium-pressure air storage chamber (12).

3. The compressed air energy storage, ORC, and solar energy coupling device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outlet of the first heat exchanger (4) is connected to the inlet of the second-stage compressor (3), the outlet of the second-stage compressor (3) is connected to the inlet of the second heat exchanger (5), the outlet of the second heat exchanger (5) is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure pump (18), and the outlet of the high-pressure pump (18) is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure gas storage chamber (19).

4. The compressed air energy storage, ORC, and solar energy coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ORC system includes an ORC working fluid pump (6), a third heat exchanger (7), an ORC steam turbine (8), a first generator (9), and a water pump (10). The outlet of the ORC working fluid pump (6) is connected to the inlet of the first heat exchanger (4), the outlet of the first heat exchanger (4) is connected to the inlet of the ORC turbine (8), the outlet of the ORC turbine (8) is connected to the inlet of the third heat exchanger (7), and the outlet of the third heat exchanger (7) is connected to the inlet of the ORC working fluid pump (6). The ORC turbine (8) is coaxially connected to the first generator (9).

5. The compressed air energy storage, ORC, and solar energy coupling device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Water from the external environment enters the third heat exchanger (7) through a water pump (10).

6. The compressed air energy storage, ORC, and solar energy coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar thermal system includes a thermal storage tank inlet pump (20), a thermal storage tank (21), a cold storage tank (23), a cold storage tank inlet pump (24), and a solar collector (31). The outlet of the solar collector (31) is connected to the inlet of the heat storage tank inlet pump (20), the outlet of the heat storage tank inlet pump (20) is connected to the inlet of the heat storage tank (21), the outlet of the heat storage tank (21) is connected to the inlet of the fifth heat exchanger (22), the outlet of the fifth heat exchanger (22) is connected to the inlet of the cold storage tank inlet pump (24), the outlet of the cold storage tank inlet pump (24) is connected to the inlet of the cold storage tank (23), and the outlet of the cold storage tank (23) is connected to the inlet of the solar collector (31).

7. The method of operating the compressed air energy storage, ORC and solar energy coupling device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: When the power grid experiences off-peak electricity demand, the compressed air energy storage, ORC, and solar coupling device operate as energy storage devices. When the power grid experiences peak electricity demand, the compressed air energy storage, ORC, and solar coupling devices operate to generate electricity.

8. The operating method of a compressed air energy storage, ORC, and solar energy coupling device according to claim 7, characterized in that: When compressed air energy storage, ORC, and solar coupling devices are used for energy storage operation: The multi-stage compression system compresses air from the external environment and cools the air; part of the cooled air is extracted into the medium-pressure storage chamber (12); the other part of the air is compressed and cooled, and then extracted and stored in the high-pressure storage chamber (19). The heat exchange system extracts the working fluid, which is then cooled by the second heat exchanger (5) and stored. The ORC system drives the working fluid into the first heat exchanger (4) to cool the air, then expands the working fluid to do work, and cools the working fluid after it has expanded and done work. A solar thermal system converts solar energy into the internal energy of a working fluid, which is then extracted and stored.

9. The operating method of a compressed air energy storage, ORC, and solar energy coupling device according to claim 7, characterized in that: When compressed air energy storage, ORC, and solar coupling devices are used for power generation: Solar thermal systems extract and store the working fluid; The multi-stage expansion system opens the first regulating valve (28), the third regulating valve (30) and the fourth regulating valve (33). The air in the medium-pressure gas storage chamber (12) absorbs heat through the fourth heat exchanger (17) and reaches the first-stage air turbine (27) to replenish the air. The air in the high-pressure gas storage chamber (19) absorbs heat through the fifth heat exchanger (22) and reaches the first-stage air turbine (27) to expand and do work, driving the third generator (32) to work.

10. The operation method of a compressed air energy storage, ORC and solar energy coupling device according to claim 9, characterized in that: When the air pressure in the high-pressure gas storage chamber (19) drops to the same level as the air pressure in the medium-pressure gas storage chamber (12), the multi-stage expansion system closes the first regulating valve (28) and the fourth regulating valve (33) and opens the second regulating valve (29); air enters the second-stage air turbine (26) to expand and do work, driving the second generator (25) to work; The heat exchange system draws working fluid through the cold storage outlet pump (16) and heats the air through the fourth heat exchanger (17) before storing it; The multi-stage expansion system opens the third regulating valve (30), and the air in the medium-pressure storage chamber (12) is heated by the fourth heat exchanger (17) and then enters the secondary air turbine (26) together with the depressurized air in the high-pressure storage chamber (19) to expand and do work.

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