Perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage real-time monitoring system and method

Abstract

The application provides a perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage real-time monitoring system and method, wherein a light source generating module generates a target light signal; an optical fiber sensor receives the target light signal, generates a first transmitted light signal in a humidity monitoring section, and generates a second transmitted light signal in a lead ion monitoring section; a light signal analysis module determines whether water intrusion occurs in the perovskite solar cell based on the first transmitted light signal, and determines whether lead leakage occurs in the perovskite solar cell based on the second transmitted light signal; an electrochemical signal analysis module is connected with the perovskite solar cell, and determines the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell; wherein when the perovskite solar cell occurs water intrusion and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is lower than an efficiency threshold value, the perovskite solar cell fails. The application realizes synchronous and independent real-time monitoring of water intrusion and lead ion leakage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of perovskite solar cell technology, specifically to a real-time monitoring system and method for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage. Background Technology

[0002] Perovskite solar cells have seen rapid development in the past decade due to their excellent photovoltaic performance, but their poor stability and susceptibility to failure remain unresolved. Perovskite solar cells often fail due to moisture intrusion, and when moisture penetrates the interior of the cell, lead leakage is likely to occur.

[0003] Currently, the main method for detecting failure in perovskite solar cells is to test the device efficiency, using this efficiency to determine whether the perovskite solar cell has failed. However, this method is not timely in monitoring perovskite solar cell failure and can only determine whether the perovskite solar cell has failed, but cannot detect whether lead leakage has occurred.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a real-time monitoring system and method for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, it is necessary to provide a real-time monitoring system and method for the failure and lead leakage of perovskite solar cells, so as to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the monitoring of whether perovskite solar cells have failed is not timely and that it is impossible to know whether lead leakage has occurred.

[0006] On one hand, the present invention provides a real-time monitoring system for failure and lead leakage of perovskite solar cells, including a light source generation module, an optical fiber sensor, an optical signal analysis module, and an electrochemical signal analysis module. The optical fiber sensor includes a humidity monitoring section, a connection section, and a lead ion monitoring section, and the humidity monitoring section is disposed inside the perovskite solar cell.

[0007] The light source generation module is used to generate the target light signal;

[0008] The fiber optic sensor is used to receive the target light signal, generate a first transmitted light signal in the humidity monitoring section, and generate a second transmitted light signal in the lead ion monitoring section.

[0009] The optical signal analysis module is used to determine whether the perovskite solar cell has been infiltrated by moisture based on the first transmitted light signal, and to determine whether the perovskite solar cell has been leaked by lead based on the second transmitted light signal.

[0010] The electrochemical signal analysis module is connected to the perovskite solar cell and is used to determine the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0011] Specifically, when the perovskite solar cell is invaded by moisture and its photoelectric conversion efficiency is lower than the efficiency threshold, the perovskite solar cell fails.

[0012] In some possible implementations, the humidity monitoring segment includes a first type of optical fiber and a humidity-sensitive material layer coated on the outside of the first type of optical fiber; the lead ion monitoring segment includes a second type of optical fiber and a lead ion-sensitive material layer coated on the outside of the second type of optical fiber; and the connection segment is a third type of optical fiber.

[0013] In some possible implementations, the first type of optical fiber is a large-angle tilt grating, the second type of optical fiber is a coreless optical fiber, and the third type of optical fiber is a single-mode communication optical fiber.

[0014] In some possible implementations, the humidity-sensitive material of the humidity-sensitive material layer is a graphene oxide / polyacrylic acid film material; the lead ion-sensitive material of the lead ion-sensitive material layer is a gold nanoparticle / chitosan material.

[0015] In some possible implementations, the perovskite solar cell includes a hole transport layer, a photoelectric conversion layer, an electron transport layer, and a conductive layer stacked sequentially, with the humidity monitoring segment disposed between the hole transport layer and the photoelectric conversion layer.

[0016] In some possible implementations, the light source generating module includes a light source generator and a polarizer;

[0017] The light source generator is used to generate an initial light signal;

[0018] The polarizer is used to control the polarization signal of the initial optical signal to generate the target optical signal.

[0019] In some possible implementations, the light source generating module further includes a polarization controller for controlling the polarization direction of the polarizer.

[0020] In some possible implementations, the real-time monitoring system for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage also includes an early warning module, which generates an early warning signal when the perovskite solar cell fails and / or leaks lead.

[0021] In some possible implementations, the warning signal includes a first warning sub-signal and a second warning sub-signal; the warning module includes a failure warning unit and a lead leakage warning unit;

[0022] The failure warning unit is used to generate a first warning sub-signal when the perovskite solar cell fails;

[0023] The lead leakage early warning unit is used to generate a second early warning sub-signal when lead leakage occurs in the perovskite solar cell.

[0024] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for real-time monitoring of perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage, applicable to the real-time monitoring system for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage described in any of the above possible implementations, wherein the method for real-time monitoring of perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage includes:

[0025] The system receives the generated target light signal and generates a first transmitted light signal in the humidity monitoring segment and a second transmitted light signal in the lead ion monitoring segment.

[0026] The perovskite solar cell is determined to have been infiltrated by moisture based on the first transmitted light signal, and to have leaked lead based on the second transmitted light signal.

[0027] The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell is determined. When the perovskite solar cell is invaded by moisture and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is lower than the efficiency threshold, the perovskite solar cell fails.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the above implementation method are as follows: The real-time monitoring system for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage provided by this invention can obtain the first transmitted light signal generated in the humidity monitoring section and the second transmitted light signal generated in the lead ion monitoring section in real time by setting up fiber optic sensors. Therefore, it can simultaneously and independently monitor whether moisture intrusion and lead leakage have occurred in the perovskite solar cell based on the first and second transmitted light signals. Furthermore, when moisture intrusion occurs in the perovskite solar cell, this invention determines the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell through an electrochemical signal analysis module, and further determines whether the perovskite solar cell has failed based on the photoelectric conversion efficiency, which can improve the timeliness and reliability of failure judgment.

[0029] Furthermore, this invention monitors the failure and lead leakage of perovskite solar cells through target optical signals. It is unaffected by electromagnetic interference and has minimal environmental influence. It exhibits good stability and high reliability, and can reflect the actual operating status of perovskite solar cells throughout their entire life cycle in a timely and accurate manner. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the real-time monitoring system for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the fiber optic sensor provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a perovskite solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 The graph shows the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell provided by the present invention when exposed to water, as well as the wavelength change curves monitored by the fiber optic sensor.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of the real-time monitoring method for failure and lead leakage of perovskite solar cells provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] It should be understood that the illustrative drawings are not drawn to scale. The flowcharts used in this invention illustrate operations implemented according to some embodiments of the invention. It should be understood that the operations in the flowcharts may not be implemented in sequence, and steps without logical contextual relationships may be reversed or performed simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art, guided by the content of this invention, may add one or more other operations to the flowcharts, or remove one or more operations from the flowcharts.

[0038] Some of the block diagrams shown in the accompanying drawings are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically independent entities. These functional entities can be implemented in software, in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different network and / or processor systems and / or controller systems.

[0039] "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone.

[0040] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in several embodiments of the invention. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0041] This invention provides a real-time monitoring system and method for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage, which are described below.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the real-time monitoring system for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage provided by the present invention. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the fiber optic sensor provided by the present invention is shown below. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the real-time monitoring system 10 for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage includes: a light source generation module 100, an optical fiber sensor 200, an optical signal analysis module 300, and an electrochemical signal analysis module 400. The optical fiber sensor 200 includes a humidity monitoring section 210, a connection section 220, and a lead ion monitoring section 230. The humidity monitoring section 210 is located inside the perovskite solar cell 20.

[0043] The light source generation module 100 is used to generate the target light signal;

[0044] The fiber optic sensor 200 is used to receive the target light signal and generate a first transmitted light signal in the humidity monitoring section 210 and a second transmitted light signal in the lead ion monitoring section 230.

[0045] The optical signal analysis module 300 is used to determine whether the perovskite solar cell 20 has been infiltrated by moisture based on the first transmitted light signal, and to determine whether the perovskite solar cell 20 has been leaked by lead based on the second transmitted light signal.

[0046] The electrochemical signal analysis module 400 is connected to the perovskite solar cell 20 and is used to determine the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell 20.

[0047] Specifically, when moisture invades the perovskite solar cell 20 and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is lower than the efficiency threshold, the perovskite solar cell 20 fails.

[0048] Compared with existing technologies, the real-time monitoring system 10 for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage provided in this embodiment of the invention can acquire, in real time, a first transmitted light signal generated in the humidity monitoring section 210 and a second transmitted light signal generated in the lead ion monitoring section 230 by setting up an optical fiber sensor 200. This allows for simultaneous and independent real-time monitoring of whether the perovskite solar cell 20 has experienced moisture intrusion and lead leakage based on the first and second transmitted light signals. Furthermore, when moisture intrusion occurs in the perovskite solar cell 20, the present invention determines the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell 20 through an electrochemical signal analysis module 400, and further determines whether the perovskite solar cell 20 has failed based on the photoelectric conversion efficiency, thereby improving the timeliness and reliability of failure judgment.

[0049] Furthermore, this embodiment of the invention uses a target optical signal to monitor the failure and lead leakage of the perovskite solar cell 20. It is not affected by electromagnetic interference and is less affected by the environment. It has good stability and high reliability, and can reflect the actual working status of the perovskite solar cell 20 throughout its entire life cycle in a timely and accurate manner.

[0050] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the optical signal analysis module 300 is a fiber optic spectrometer, and the electrochemical signal analysis module 400 is an electrochemical workstation.

[0051] It should be noted that, in addition to fiber optic spectrometers, the optical signal analysis module 300 can also be used for other instruments and equipment that can analyze optical signals and obtain analysis results, which will not be elaborated here.

[0052] Similarly, in addition to the electrochemical workstation, the electrochemical signal analysis module 400 can also be used for other instruments and equipment that can analyze electrochemical signals and obtain photoelectric conversion efficiency, which will not be described in detail here.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 2 As shown, the humidity monitoring section 210 includes a first type of optical fiber 211 and a humidity-sensitive material layer 212 coated on the outside of the first type of optical fiber 211; the lead ion monitoring section 230 includes a second type of optical fiber 231 and a lead ion-sensitive material layer 232 coated on the outside of the second type of optical fiber 231; the connection section 220 is a third type of optical fiber.

[0054] In this embodiment of the invention, by setting the humidity monitoring segment 210 and the lead ion monitoring segment 230 to use different types of optical fibers, namely: the humidity monitoring segment 210 is a first type of optical fiber 211 and the lead ion monitoring segment 230 is a second type of optical fiber 231, the confusion between humidity and lead ion monitoring can be avoided, and the synchronous independent monitoring of humidity and lead ion can be achieved.

[0055] The principle behind the simultaneous and independent monitoring of humidity and lead ions by the fiber optic sensor 200 is as follows:

[0056] When the target optical signal is transmitted to the first type of optical fiber 211, a humidity-sensitive material layer 212 is coated on the surface of the first type of optical fiber 211. The humidity-sensitive material layer 212 combines with the first type of optical fiber 211 to form a composite waveguide, and the humidity-sensitive material layer 212 is located in the waveguide optical field. When water molecules invade the perovskite solar cell 20, the invasion of water molecules affects the conductivity of the humidity-sensitive material layer 212, thereby changing its refractive index. The effective refractive index also changes accordingly, which in turn causes a change in the resonant wavelength. By monitoring the change in wavelength, the invasion of moisture can be detected, thereby realizing real-time monitoring of the humidity of the perovskite solar cell 20.

[0057] When the target optical signal is transmitted to the second type of optical fiber 231, the target optical signal will be affected by the lead ion sensitive material layer 232 coated on the surface of the second type of optical fiber 231. When the lead ion sensitive material layer 232 combines with lead ions, it will cause a change in the effective refractive index of the lead ion sensitive material layer 232, thereby causing a change in the interference spectrum. According to the correspondence between wavelength and lead ion concentration, the change in lead ion concentration can be detected, thereby realizing real-time monitoring of lead leakage in perovskite solar cell 20.

[0058] It should be noted that the humidity and lead ion sensing signals from the humidity monitoring section 210 and lead ion monitoring section 230 of the fiber optic sensor 200 are reflected as resonance peaks in different wavelength bands on the optical signal analysis module 300. Therefore, we can use wavelength division modulation technology to simultaneously sense and monitor moisture intrusion and lead leakage in the perovskite solar cell 20.

[0059] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the first type of optical fiber 211 is a large-angle tilt grating, the second type of optical fiber 231 is a coreless optical fiber, and the third type of optical fiber is a single-mode communication optical fiber.

[0060] This invention, by setting the third type of optical fiber as a single-mode communication fiber, minimizes the loss of the target optical signal during transmission, thus ensuring the reliability of monitoring for moisture intrusion and lead leakage.

[0061] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the humidity-sensitive material of the humidity-sensitive material layer 212 is a graphene oxide / polyacrylic acid film material; the lead ion-sensitive material of the lead ion-sensitive material layer 232 is a gold nanoparticle / chitosan material.

[0062] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 3 As shown, the perovskite solar cell 20 includes a hole transport layer 21, a photoelectric conversion layer 22, an electron transport layer 23, and a conductive layer 24 stacked in sequence, with a humidity monitoring section 210 disposed between the hole transport layer 21 and the photoelectric conversion layer 22.

[0063] Among them, hole transport layer 21 is a carbon electrode, and photoelectric conversion layer 22 is a perovskite material.

[0064] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the light source generation module 100 includes a light source generator 110 and a polarizer 120;

[0065] The light source generator 110 is used to generate the initial light signal;

[0066] The polarizer 120 is used to control the polarization signal of the initial optical signal to generate the target optical signal.

[0067] Specifically, the light source generator 110 is a high-brightness light-emitting diode (LED) light source, and its wavelength range is set and adjusted according to the working wavelength of optical signal transmission and sensing in the fiber optic sensor 200.

[0068] To improve the controllability of the target optical signal, in some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the light source generating module 100 also includes a polarization controller 130, which is used to control the polarization direction of the polarizer 120.

[0069] This embodiment of the invention achieves the adjustment of the polarization direction of the target optical signal by setting a polarization controller 130, thereby realizing the controllability of the target optical signal and improving the applicability of the real-time monitoring system 10 for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage.

[0070] To avoid the technical problem of staff failing to take timely countermeasures when lead leakage and / or failure occur in the perovskite solar cell 20, in some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the real-time monitoring system 10 for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage also includes an early warning module 500, which generates an early warning signal when the perovskite solar cell 20 fails and / or leaks lead.

[0071] This invention generates an early warning signal to alert staff that the perovskite solar cell 20 has failed and / or leaked lead, thereby improving the timeliness of staff's response.

[0072] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the warning signal includes a first warning sub-signal and a second warning sub-signal; then as follows Figure 1 As shown, the early warning module 500 includes a failure early warning unit 510 and a lead leakage early warning unit 520;

[0073] The failure warning unit 510 is used to generate a first warning sub-signal when the perovskite solar cell 20 fails;

[0074] The lead leakage early warning unit 520 is used to generate a second early warning sub-signal when lead leakage occurs in the perovskite solar cell 20.

[0075] This invention provides real-time warnings for failure and lead leakage by setting a first warning sub-signal and a second warning sub-signal respectively, enabling independent warnings for failure and lead leakage and improving the pertinence and rationality of response measures.

[0076] To verify the effectiveness of the real-time monitoring system 10 for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage proposed in this embodiment of the invention, in this embodiment, the perovskite solar cell 20 was placed in a glass container filled with water to simulate the failure and lead leakage process of the perovskite solar cell 20 under extreme weather conditions of heavy rain. The real-time monitoring system 10 for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage proposed in this embodiment of the invention was used for monitoring, such as... Figure 4 As shown, after the perovskite solar cell 20 is placed in water for a period of time, a significant redshift can be observed in the resonant wavelength of the humidity monitoring segment 210 implanted inside the perovskite solar cell 200 on the fiber optic sensor 200. Figure 4 (See the left image in the figure). This indicates that external moisture has penetrated into the interior of the perovskite solar cell 20, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell 20, as monitored by the electrochemical signal analysis module 400, has also decreased significantly. Figure 4 The right-hand image shows that the perovskite solar cell 20 has begun to fail. Subsequently, after a period of time, a redshift in the resonant wavelength of the lead ion monitoring segment 230 extending outside the perovskite solar cell 20 can be observed from the fiber optic sensor 200. This indicates that lead leakage is caused by the failure of the perovskite solar cell 20 due to moisture intrusion.

[0077] This invention also provides a method for real-time monitoring of perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage, applicable to the real-time monitoring system 10 for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage in any of the above embodiments, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the real-time monitoring methods for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage include:

[0078] S501. Receive the generated target light signal, generate a first transmitted light signal in the humidity monitoring section, and generate a second transmitted light signal in the lead ion monitoring section.

[0079] S502. Determine whether the perovskite solar cell has been invaded by moisture based on the first transmitted light signal, and determine whether the perovskite solar cell has been leaked by lead based on the second transmitted light signal.

[0080] S503. Determine the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell. When moisture intrusion occurs in the perovskite solar cell and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is lower than the efficiency threshold, the perovskite solar cell fails.

[0081] The real-time monitoring method for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage provided in the above embodiments can realize the technical solutions described in the above embodiments of the real-time monitoring system for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage. The specific implementation principles of each process can be found in the corresponding content in the above embodiments of the real-time monitoring system for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage, and will not be repeated here.

[0082] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes of the methods described in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware, and the computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium may be a disk, optical disk, read-only memory, or random access memory, etc.

[0083] The above provides a detailed description of the real-time monitoring system and method for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage provided by this invention. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will recognize that there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring system for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage, characterized in that, It includes a light source generation module, an optical fiber sensor, an optical signal analysis module, and an electrochemical signal analysis module. The optical fiber sensor includes a humidity monitoring section, a connection section, and a lead ion monitoring section. The humidity monitoring section is located inside the perovskite solar cell. The light source generation module is used to generate the target light signal; The fiber optic sensor is used to receive the target light signal, generate a first transmitted light signal in the humidity monitoring section, and generate a second transmitted light signal in the lead ion monitoring section. The optical signal analysis module is used to determine whether the perovskite solar cell has been infiltrated by moisture based on the first transmitted light signal, and to determine whether the perovskite solar cell has been leaked by lead based on the second transmitted light signal. The electrochemical signal analysis module is connected to the perovskite solar cell and is used to determine the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell. Specifically, when the perovskite solar cell is invaded by moisture and its photoelectric conversion efficiency is lower than the efficiency threshold, the perovskite solar cell fails.

2. The real-time monitoring system for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The humidity monitoring section includes a first type of optical fiber and a humidity-sensitive material layer coated on the outside of the first type of optical fiber; the lead ion monitoring section includes a second type of optical fiber and a lead ion-sensitive material layer coated on the outside of the second type of optical fiber; the connection section is a third type of optical fiber.

3. The real-time monitoring system for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first type of optical fiber is a large-angle tilt grating, the second type of optical fiber is a coreless optical fiber, and the third type of optical fiber is a single-mode communication optical fiber.

4. The real-time monitoring system for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage according to claim 2, characterized in that, The humidity-sensitive material of the humidity-sensitive material layer is graphene oxide / polyacrylic acid film material; the lead ion-sensitive material of the lead ion-sensitive material layer is gold nanoparticles / chitosan material.

5. The real-time monitoring system for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The perovskite solar cell includes a hole transport layer, a photoelectric conversion layer, an electron transport layer, and a conductive layer stacked sequentially, and the humidity monitoring segment is disposed between the hole transport layer and the photoelectric conversion layer.

6. The real-time monitoring system for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light source generating module includes a light source generator and a polarizer; The light source generator is used to generate an initial light signal; The polarizer is used to control the polarization signal of the initial optical signal to generate the target optical signal.

7. The real-time monitoring system for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage according to claim 6, characterized in that, The light source generating module also includes a polarization controller, which is used to control the polarization direction of the polarizer.

8. The real-time monitoring system for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an early warning module, which generates an early warning signal when the perovskite solar cell fails and / or leaks lead.

9. The real-time monitoring system for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage according to claim 8, characterized in that, The warning signal includes a first warning sub-signal and a second warning sub-signal; the warning module includes a failure warning unit and a lead leakage warning unit. The failure warning unit is used to generate a first warning sub-signal when the perovskite solar cell fails; The lead leakage early warning unit is used to generate a second early warning sub-signal when lead leakage occurs in the perovskite solar cell.

10. A method for real-time monitoring of failure and lead leakage in perovskite solar cells, characterized in that, The real-time monitoring system for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the real-time monitoring method for perovskite solar cell failure and lead leakage includes: The system receives the generated target light signal and generates a first transmitted light signal in the humidity monitoring segment and a second transmitted light signal in the lead ion monitoring segment. The perovskite solar cell is determined to have been infiltrated by moisture based on the first transmitted light signal, and to have leaked lead based on the second transmitted light signal. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell is determined. When the perovskite solar cell is invaded by moisture and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is lower than the efficiency threshold, the perovskite solar cell fails.

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