High-refractive-index borate glass

Abstract

The glass composition comprises boron oxide (B₂O₃), lanthanum oxide (La₂O₃), titanium oxide (TiO₂), and niobium oxide (Nb₂O₅) as essential components, and may optionally contain silicon oxide (SiO₂), tungsten oxide (WO₃), zirconium oxide (ZrO₂), yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃), bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃), barium oxide (BaO), TeO₂, and other components. The glass can be characterized as having a high refractive index at 587.56 nm at a relatively low liquidus temperature.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority to Dutch Patent Application No. 2028260, filed May 20, 2021, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 163,269, filed March 19, 2021, the contents of which are based and incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure generally relates to silicate and borosilicate glasses with high refractive index and low density. Background Technology

[0003] Glass is used in a variety of optical devices, including augmented reality devices, virtual reality devices, mixed reality devices, and eyeglasses. The properties required for this type of glass typically include a high refractive index and low density. Other desired properties may include high transmittance and / or low optical dispersion in the visible and near-ultraviolet (near-UV) ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. Demanding a combination of these desired properties and the ability to form a glass from a composition with good glass-forming ability can be challenging. For example, generally, as the refractive index of glass increases, its density tends to increase as well. Substances such as TiO2 and Nb2O5 are often added to increase the refractive index of the glass without increasing its density. However, these materials typically absorb blue and UV light, which undesirably reduces the light transmittance of the glass in this spectral region. Generally, attempting to increase the refractive index of glass while maintaining low density without reducing transmittance in the blue and UV regions of the spectrum results in a decrease in the glass-forming ability of the material. For example, crystallization and / or liquid-liquid phase separation can occur during the cooling of the glass melt at industrially acceptable cooling rates. Typically, as the amount of certain substances (e.g., ZrO2, Y2O3, Sc2O3, BeO, etc.) increases, the glass forming ability appears to decrease.

[0004] Depending on the glass-forming agent used, low-density, high-refractive-index glasses typically fall into one of two chemical systems: (a) borosilicate or borosilicate glasses, where SiO2 and / or B2O3 are used as the primary glass-forming agent, and (b) phosphate glasses, where P2O5 is used as the primary glass-forming agent. The use of glasses that rely on other oxides as primary glass-forming agents (GeO2, TeO2, Bi2O3, and V2O5) can be challenging due to cost, glass-forming capability, optical properties, and / or production requirements.

[0005] Phosphate glasses can be characterized by high refractive index and low density; however, their production is challenging due to the risk of P2O5 volatilization from the melt and / or incompatibility with platinum. Furthermore, phosphate glasses are typically highly colored and may require additional bleaching steps to provide glass with the desired transmission properties. In addition, phosphate glasses exhibiting high refractive indices tend to have increased optical dispersion.

[0006] Generally speaking, borosilicate and borate glasses are easier to produce and can exhibit high transmittance without a bleaching step. However, compared to phosphate glasses, borosilicate and borosilicate glasses typically exhibit increased density with increasing refractive index.

[0007] Based on these considerations, there is a demand for borate and borosilicate glasses with high refractive index, low density, and high blue light transmittance. Summary of the Invention

[0008] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the glass comprises multiple components, and the component composition of the glass includes: WO3 greater than or equal to 3.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol%; TiO2 greater than or equal to 0.3 mol% and less than or equal to 50.0 mol%; Nb2O5 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 50.0 mol%; Bi2O3 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%; TeO2 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%; PbO greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol%; MoO3 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 1.0 mol%; V2O5 greater than or equal to 0.0 atomic% and... The glass comprises 5.0 atomic% F, 0.0 atomic% and 1.0 atomic% Cl, 0.0 atomic% and 1.0 atomic% Br, 0.0 atomic% and 1.0 atomic% I, 0.6 mol% and 60.0 mol% TiO2+Nb2O5, and may optionally contain one or more components selected from the group consisting of: Al2O3, B2O3, BaO, CaO, Gd2O3, GeO2, K2O, La2O3, Li2O, MgO, Na2O, P2O5, SiO2, SrO, Ta2O5, Y2O3, Yb2O3, ZnO, and ZrO2, wherein the glass has a liquidus temperature T of 850°C and 1350°C. liq And the glass satisfies the following condition: 1.92 ≤ P n ≤2.08 and P n -(1.437+0.0005*Tliq )>0.00, where P n It is the refractive index parameter, calculated as the molar percentage of the components in the glass composition according to the following equation (II):

[0009] P n =-0.0051086*Al2O3-0.0049247*B2O3-0.00034289*BaO+0.0086552*Bi2O3-0.0014511*CaO+0.0047429*Gd2O3-0. 0033126*GeO2-0.0049544*K2O+0.0045475*La2O3-0.0023329*Li2O-0.0026561*MgO-0.0035925*Na2O+0.0071165* Nb2O5-0.0075074*P2O5+0.0015814*PbO-0.0043959*SiO2-0.00086373*SrO+0.0045915*Ta2O5-0.0015272*TeO2+ 0.0020281*TiO2+0.0012709*WO3+0.0025878*Y2O3+0.0048156*Yb2O3-0.00047962*ZnO+0.00090073*ZrO2+1.955, (II)

[0010] In the formula, the symbol "*" represents the multiplication sign.

[0011] According to another embodiment of this disclosure, the glass comprises multiple components, and the component composition of the glass includes: greater than or equal to 7.5 mol% and less than or equal to 28.0 mol% TiO2, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol% B2O3, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol% and less than or equal to 19.5 mol% Nb2O5, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol% WO3, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol% La2O3, and greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 2 5.0 mol% Gd₂O₃, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol% Bi₂O₃, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol% ZrO₂, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol% TeO₂, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 13.5 mol% SiO₂, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol% Al₂O₃, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol% Th ...0.0 mol% ThO₂, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol% ThO₂, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol% ThO₂, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol% ThO₂, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol% ThO₂, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol% ThO 10.0 mol% or more of GeO2, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol% of Ta2O5, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol% of PbO, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 1.0 mol% of V2O5, greater than or equal to 0.0 atom% and less than or equal to 5.0 atom% of F, greater than or equal to 0.0 atom% and less than or equal to 1.0 atom% of Cl, greater than or equal to 0.0 atom% and less than or equal to 1.0 atom% of Br, greater than or equal to 0.0 atom% and less than or equal to 1.0 atom% of Br. I, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% RE2O3+ZrO2+TiO2+Nb2O5+WO3, less than or equal to 40.0 mol% WO3+TiO2, less than or equal to 35.0 mol% TiO2+Nb2O5, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol% R2O+RO, and optionally containing P2O5, wherein the composition satisfies the following conditions: TiO2-SiO2 [mol%] ≥ 7.5 and B2O3+SiO2-P2O5 [mol%] ≥ 0.00, and the glass satisfies the following condition: 1.9 ≤ P n ≤2.1 and P ref -(0.269-0.12*T i )>0.00, where P n It is the refractive index parameter, calculated as the molar percentage of the components in the glass composition according to the following equation (II):

[0012] P n=-0.0051086*Al2O3-0.0049247*B2O3-0.00034289*BaO+0.0086552*Bi2O3-0.0014511*CaO+0.0047429*Gd2O3-0. 0033126*GeO2-0.0049544*K2O+0.0045475*La2O3-0.0023329*Li2O-0.0026561*MgO-0.0035925*Na2O+0.0071165* Nb2O5-0.0075074*P2O5+0.0015814*PbO-0.0043959*SiO2-0.00086373*SrO+0.0045915*Ta2O5-0.0015272*TeO2+ 0.0020281*TiO2+0.0012709*WO3+0.0025878*Y2O3+0.0048156*Yb2O3-0.00047962*ZnO+0.00090073*ZrO2+1.955, (II)

[0013] P ref It is a refractive power parameter, calculated as a mole percent of the components in the glass composition according to the following equation (IV):

[0014] P ref (cm 3 / g)=0.000087034*SiO2-0.00012035*B2O3-0.0012566*La2O3+0.0011411*TiO2-0.00031654*ZnO+0.000088066*CaO+0.0020444*Nb2O5-0.00023383*MgO-0.00086501*BaO-0.0004486*WO3-0.0014114*Gd2O3-0.00023872*Y 2O3-0.00031575*Ta2O5+0.00011894*Li2O+0.00027178*Al2O3-0.000099802*Na2O-0.00028391*GeO2-0.0003 0531*SrO-0.00072061*Bi2O3-0.0010964*Yb2O3+0.00022839*K2O-0.00086617*PbO+0.00027129*TeO2+0.198, (IV)

[0015] T i It is the transmittance index value, calculated as a mole percent of the components in the glass composition according to the following equation (I):

[0016] T i =(La2O3+Gd2O3+ZrO2+WO3) / (La2O3+Gd2O3+ZrO2+WO3+TiO2+Nb2O5), (I)

[0017] In the formula, RE2O3 is the sum of trivalent rare earth metal oxides, R2O is the sum of monovalent metal oxides, RO is the sum of divalent metal oxides, and the asterisk (*) represents the multiplication sign.

[0018] According to one or more embodiments of this disclosure, the glass comprises a variety of components, the composition of which includes: greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol% WO3, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol% ZrO2, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol% B2O3, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol% La2O3, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol% Bi2O3, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol% ZnO, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol% Ta2O5, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol% Al2O3, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol% Al2O3, and greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol% Al2O3. The composition may include 10.0 mol% ThO2, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol% TeO2, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol% V2O5, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% RE2O3+ZrO2+TiO2+Nb2O5+WO3, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol% TiO2+Nb2O5, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 4.8 mol% SiO2+GeO2, and optionally contains one or more components selected from the group consisting of: P2O5, BaO, CaO, K2O, Li2O, MgO, Na2O, PbO, and SrO, wherein the composition satisfies the following condition: B2O3+SiO2-P2O5 [mol%] ≥ 0.50, and the glass satisfies the following condition: 500 ≤ P Tg ≤700, P d <6.0 and P n -(1.571+0.083*P d )>0.00, where P n It is the refractive index parameter, calculated in mol% of the glass composition according to the following equation (II):

[0019] P n=-0.0051086*Al2O3-0.0049247*B2O3-0.00034289*BaO+0.0086552*Bi2O3-0.0014511*CaO+0.0047429*Gd2O3-0. 0033126*GeO2-0.0049544*K2O+0.0045475*La2O3-0.0023329*Li2O-0.0026561*MgO-0.0035925*Na2O+0.0071165* Nb2O5-0.0075074*P2O5+0.0015814*PbO-0.0043959*SiO2-0.00086373*SrO+0.0045915*Ta2O5-0.0015272*TeO2+ 0.0020281*TiO2+0.0012709*WO3+0.0025878*Y2O3+0.0048156*Yb2O3-0.00047962*ZnO+0.00090073*ZrO2+1.955, (II)

[0020] P d The density parameter is calculated as the molar percentage of the components in the glass composition according to the following equation (III):

[0021] P d (g / cm 3 )=4.95-0.036300*Al2O3-0.028364*B2O3+0.010786*BaO+0.077280*Bi2O3-0.0047086*CaO+0.0609 89*Er2O3+0.067356*Gd2O3-0.024973*K2O+0.050388*La2O3-0.015411*Li2O-0.014318*Na2O-0.00 16283*Nb2O5+0.078354*Nd2O3-0.045034*P2O5+0.037463*PbO-0.026153*SiO2-0.0079191*TeO2-0 .015844*TiO2+0.020220*WO3+0.016362*Y2O3+0.058765*Yb2O3+0.0086588*ZnO+0.0043754*ZrO2, (III)

[0022] P Tg It is T g The parameters, expressed as molar percentages of the components in the glass composition, are calculated according to the following equation (V):

[0023] P Tg(℃)=595.358-0.63217*B2O3-0.46552*SiO2+1.1849*TiO2+0.59610*Nb2O5-1.6293*WO3+1.3877*ZrO2+4.4090*La2O3+4.1695*Y2O3- 5.0756*Bi2O3+0.55630*CaO-5.3892*PbO-4.2774*TeO2+1.8497*Al2O3-0.40659*GeO2-1.7011*ZnO-4.1520*Li2O+3.0777*Gd2O3, (V)

[0024] In the formula, RE2O3 is the sum of trivalent rare earth metal oxides, and the asterisk (*) represents the multiplication sign.

[0025] Those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate these and other aspects, objects and features of this disclosure by studying the following description, claims and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This shows that for some comparative glass samples, for a glass sample with a thickness of 10 mm, the transmittance index Ti calculated according to equation (I) corresponds to the minimum wavelength (λ) of at least 70% total transmittance. 70％ Relationship diagram between )

[0027] Figure 2 The refractive index n of some comparative glass and some exemplary glass according to embodiments of this disclosure is shown. d The refractive index parameter P calculated by equation (II) n A diagram showing the relationships between them.

[0028] Figure 3 The density d at room temperature is shown for some comparative glass and some exemplary glass according to embodiments of this disclosure. RT The density parameter P calculated by equation (III) d A diagram showing the relationships between them.

[0029] Figure 4 The refractive power (n) of some comparative glass and some exemplary glass according to embodiments of this disclosure is shown. d -1) / d RT The refractive power parameter P calculated by equation (IV) ref A diagram showing the relationships between them.

[0030] Figure 5 The glass transition temperature T of some comparative glass and some exemplary glass according to embodiments of this disclosure is shown. gT calculated by equation (V) g Parameter P Tg A diagram showing the relationships between them.

[0031] Figure 6 These are exemplary cooling scheme diagrams of some exemplary glasses according to “15-minute test” conditions and “2.5-minute test” conditions, implemented according to embodiments of this disclosure.

[0032] Figure 7 The liquidus temperature T of some comparative glass and some exemplary glass according to embodiments of this disclosure is shown. liq With refractive index parameter P n A diagram showing the relationships between them.

[0033] Figure 8 The liquidus temperature T of some comparative glass and some exemplary glass according to embodiments of this disclosure is shown. liq With refractive index n d A diagram showing the relationships between them.

[0034] Figure 9 The transmittance index T of some comparative glass and some exemplary glass according to embodiments of this disclosure is shown. i With refractive power parameter P ref A diagram showing the relationships between them.

[0035] Figure 10 The transmittance index T of some comparative glass and some exemplary glass according to embodiments of this disclosure is shown. i The ratio of refractive index to density (“refractive power”) (n) d -1) / d RT A diagram showing the relationships between them.

[0036] Figure 11 The density parameter P of some comparative glass and some exemplary glass according to embodiments of this disclosure is shown. d With refractive index parameter P n A diagram showing the relationships between them.

[0037] Figure 12 The density d at room temperature is shown for some comparative glass and some exemplary glass according to embodiments of this disclosure. RT The refractive index n at 587.56 nm d A diagram showing the relationships between them.

[0038] Figure 13 The transmission spectrum of an exemplary glass according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0039] In the following detailed description, exemplary embodiments illustrating specific details are given for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a full understanding of the various principles of this disclosure. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this disclosure may be practiced in other ways than those detailed herein, upon benefiting from this specification. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known devices, methods, and materials may have been omitted so as not to obscure the description of the various principles of the invention. Finally, wherever applicable, the same reference numerals denote the same elements.

[0040] Unless otherwise stated, it is not intended to interpret any method described herein as requiring its steps to be performed in a specific order. Therefore, when a method claim does not actually state that its steps follow a certain order, or does not specifically indicate in the claims or description that the steps are limited to a specific order, it is not intended to imply any particular order. The same applies to any possible unstated basis for interpretation, including but not limited to: the logic regarding the setup of steps or operational procedures; the general meaning derived from grammatical structure or punctuation; and the number or type of embodiments described in the specification.

[0041] As used herein, the term "and / or" when used to list two or more items means that any one of the listed items may be used alone, or any combination of two or more of the listed items may be used. For example, if a composition is described as containing components A, B, and / or C, the composition may contain only A; only B; only C; a combination of A and B; a combination of A and C; a combination of B and C; or a combination of A, B, and C.

[0042] Those skilled in the art, as well as those who utilize and use this disclosure, will make improvements to it. Therefore, it is to be understood that the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings and described above are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure, which is defined by the appended claims and, in accordance with the principles of patent law, is to include the doctrine of equivalents.

[0043] As used herein, the term "about" indicates that a quantity, size, formulation, parameter, and other variable and characteristic is not, and does not need to be, exact, but may be approximate and / or larger or smaller as required, reflecting tolerances, conversion factors, rounding and measurement errors, and other factors known to those skilled in the art. When the term "about" is used to describe a value or endpoint of a range, it should be understood that this disclosure includes the specific value or endpoint referenced. Whether or not the endpoints of a numerical value or range in this specification are stated as "about," the endpoints are intended to include both implementations: one modified with "about" and one not modified with "about." It will also be understood that each endpoint value of a range is meaningful both in relation to and unrelated to another endpoint value.

[0044] The term “formed from…” can indicate one or more of the following: including, substantially composed of, or composed of. For example, a component formed from a particular material may include, substantially composed of, or be composed of that particular material.

[0045] In this document, the terms “free from” and “substantially free from” are used interchangeably, referring to the absence of an amount of a particular component in the glass composition that has not been intentionally added to the glass composition and / or the absence of that particular component. It should be understood that the glass composition may contain trace amounts of a particular constituent component as a contaminant or in an indeterminate amount of less than 0.10 mol%.

[0046] As used herein, when describing a particular constituent component in a glass composition, the term "uncertain" refers to a constituent component that is not intentionally added to the glass composition and is present in an amount of less than 0.05 mol%. Uncertain components may be unintentionally added to the glass composition as impurities in another constituent component and / or through migration of uncertain components into the composition during the processing of the glass composition.

[0047] When used in any equation in this paper, the symbol "*" represents a multiplication sign.

[0048] Unless otherwise stated, the term "glass" is used to refer to glass made from the glass compositions disclosed herein.

[0049] The term “glass forming agent” is used herein to refer to a component that, when present alone in a glass composition (i.e., in the absence of other components, except in indefinite amounts), is capable of forming glass when the melt is cooled at a rate not exceeding about 200°C / min to about 300°C / min.

[0050] As used herein, the term "modifier" refers to an oxide of a monovalent or divalent metal, namely R₂O or RO, where "R" represents a cation. Modifiers can be added to glass compositions to alter the atomic structure of the melt and the resulting glass. In some embodiments, the modifier can alter the coordination number of cations present in the glass forming agent (e.g., boron in B₂O₃), which can lead to the formation of a more polymeric atomic network and, as a result, provide better glass forming.

[0051] As used herein, the term "RO" refers to the total content of divalent metal oxides, the term "R2O" refers to the total content of monovalent metal oxides, and the term "Alk2O" refers to the total content of alkali metal oxides. The term R2O encompasses alkali metal oxides (Alk2O) as well as other monovalent metal oxides, such as Ag2O, Tl2O, and Hg2O. As discussed below, in this disclosure, rare earth metal oxides are expressed with their standard formula (RE2O3), wherein the rare earth metal oxide has a redox state of "+3", and therefore are not included in the term RO.

[0052] As used herein, the term "rare earth metal" refers to the metals listed in the lanthanide series of the IUPAC periodic table, plus yttrium and scandium. As used herein, the term "rare earth metal oxide" is used to describe oxides of rare earth metals in different redox states, such as "+3" for lanthanum in La₂O₃, "+4" for cerium in CeO₂, and "+2" for europium in EuO, etc. Generally, the redox state of rare earth metals in oxide glasses can be altered, and specifically, the redox state may change during melting, depending on the batch composition and / or the redox conditions in the furnace where the glass is melted and / or heat-treated (e.g., annealed). Unless otherwise stated, rare earth metal oxides herein are expressed in their standard form, where the rare earth metal oxide has a redox state of "+3". Therefore, when a rare earth metal with a redox state other than "+3" is added to a glass composition batch, the glass composition is recalculated by adding or subtracting some oxygen to maintain the stoichiometry. For example, when CeO2 (cerium in the "+4" redox state) is used as a batch component, the resulting batch composition is recalculated as if 2 moles of CeO2 were equivalent to 1 mole of Ce2O3, and the resulting batch composition presents Ce2O3. As used herein, the term "RE" refers to... m O nThe term “RE2O3” is used to refer to the total content of rare earth metal oxides in all redox states present in the ingredient composition, and the term “RE2O3” is used to refer to the total content of rare earth metal oxides in the ingredient composition when recalculated in the “+3” redox state. In this document, the term “RE2O3” is also defined as “trivalent equivalent”.

[0053] Unless otherwise stated, all compositions are expressed as mole percentages (mol%) of the ingredients. Therefore, references to “composition” or “glass composition” refer to the composition in mole percent of the ingredients. Those skilled in the art will understand that various melt components (e.g., fluorine, alkali metals, boron, etc.) may undergo different levels of volatility during melting (e.g., as a function of vapor pressure, melting time, and / or melting temperature). Thus, the term “about” associated with such constituent components is intended to include values ​​that, when measured in the final article, differ from the composition of the as-batched composition provided herein by within about 0.2 mol%. In view of the foregoing, substantial compositional equivalence between the final article and the as-batched composition is contemplated. In some embodiments, when indicated, the composition may be expressed as a percentage of the ingredients by weight (wt%) of the oxides.

[0054] The oxides and other constituent components of glass are referred to as "components". Expressions of components using the mathematical symbols "+" and "-" refer to the sum and difference of the components in the composition, expressed as mol%. For example, the expression "SiO2 + GeO2" or "SiO2 + GeO2 [mol%]" refers to the sum of components SiO2 and GeO2 in the composition, expressed as mol%. In another example, the expression "B2O3 + SiO2 - P2O5" or "B2O3 + SiO2 - P2O5 [mol%]" refers to the sum of components B2O3 and SiO2 minus component P2O5 in the composition, expressed as mol%. If a quantifier precedes the expression, the quantifier refers to the total amount of the components listed in the expression. For example, the statement "4.8 mol% SiO2 + GeO2" means that the combined amount of SiO2 and GeO2 in the ingredient composition is 4.8 mol%, while the statement "less than or equal to 4.8 mol% SiO2 + GeO2" means that the combined amount of SiO2 and GeO2 in the ingredient composition is less than or equal to 4.8 mol%.

[0055] When fluorine or other halogens (chlorine, bromine, and / or iodine) are added to or present in oxide glass, the molecular representation of the resulting ingredient composition can be expressed in different ways. In this disclosure, the halogen content (when present) of the component is expressed as an atomic percentage (atomic %), which is determined by multiplying the fraction of halogens in the sum of all atoms in the ingredient composition by a factor of 100.

[0056] In this disclosure, the following method is used to represent fluorine-containing compositions and concentration ranges. The concentration limits for all oxides presented (e.g., SiO2, B2O3, Na2O, etc.) are based on the following assumptions: the corresponding cations (e.g., silicon [SiO2], B2O3, Na2O, etc.) are based on the following assumptions: 4+ ], Boron [B 3+ ], sodium [Na + The halogens (such as fluorine, silicon fluoride, and fluorine) initially exist in the form of their corresponding oxides. When fluorine is present as the sole halogen, for the purpose of calculating the component concentration of the formulation, a portion of the oxygen in the oxide is equivalently replaced by fluorine (i.e., one oxygen atom is replaced by two fluorine atoms). It is assumed that fluorine exists in the form of silicon fluoride (SiF4); therefore, the sum of all oxides and SiF4 is assumed to be 100 mol% or 100 wt% in all components. Similar treatment is used for other halogens as the sole halogen or combinations of halogens.

[0057] The density values ​​of the glass recorded in this article are obtained using measurements with an error of 0.001 g / cm³. 3 The Archimedes method was used to measure the concentration in water at room temperature, with units of g / cm³. 3 As used in this paper, density measurements at room temperature (defined as d) RT This refers to measurements taken at 20°C or 25°C, and includes measurements obtained at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 25°C. It should be understood that room temperature may vary between about 20°C and about 25°C; however, for the purposes of this disclosure, density changes within the temperature range of 20°C to 25°C are expected to be less than 0.001 g / cm³. 3 The error is negligible and therefore is not expected to affect the room temperature density measurements recorded in this paper.

[0058] As used in this article, the term "refractive power" refers to the refractive power as a measure of the ratio (n... d -1) / d RT The relationship between refractive index and density is given by the formula, where the refractive index n is measured at 587.56 nm. d And the density d was measured at room temperature. RT The unit is g / cm³ 3 。(n d -1) / d RT The ratio or refractive power can characterize the refractive index n. d With density d RT The relationship between these two values ​​is as follows: the higher the refractive power value, the higher the refractive index for a given density.

[0059] As used herein, good glass formability refers to the melt's resistance to devitrification as it cools. Glass formability can be measured by determining the critical cooling rate of the melt. As used herein, the term "critical cooling rate" or "v" is used...cr The critical cooling rate refers to the minimum cooling rate at which a melt of a given composition can form glass without visually visible crystals under an optical microscope at magnification of 100x to 500x. The critical cooling rate can be used to measure the glass-forming ability of a composition, that is, the ability of a melt of a given glass composition to form glass upon cooling. Generally speaking, the lower the critical cooling rate, the better the glass-forming ability.

[0060] The term "liquidline temperature" in this document refers to the temperature above which the glass composition is completely liquid and free of crystallization of glass constituent components. The liquidline temperature values ​​recorded herein are obtained by measuring samples using DSC or by measuring samples in a platinum boat during isothermal holding or thermal gradient testing, with the sample encased in platinum foil. For samples measured using DSC, the powdered sample was heated to 1250°C at 10 K / min. The endpoint corresponding to the endothermic event of crystal melting is considered the liquidline temperature. For the second technique (isothermal holding), a glass bulk (approximately 1 cm²) was used. 3 The glass fragments are placed in platinum foil and placed in a furnace at a given temperature for 4 to 24 hours. The glass mass is then examined using an optical microscope to check for crystals. For a third technique (thermal gradient boat), approximately 10 g of glass fragments are placed in a thin platinum boat and placed in a furnace at a given temperature for 4 to 24 hours. The glass mass is then examined with the naked eye to check for crystals. For some exemplary glasses of this disclosure, several different tests are used to determine the liquidus temperature, and they provide substantially the same results.

[0061] Unless otherwise stated, as used herein, the term "internal transmittance" or τ int The term "total transmittance" or τ is used to represent the transmittance through a glass sample after correcting for Fresnel loss. The term "total transmittance" or τ is used to represent the transmittance value without considering Fresnel loss. The total transmittance of glass samples (1 nm resolution, using an integrating sphere) is measured using a Cary 5000 spectrometer with samples having two or three different thicknesses and wavelengths from 250 nm to 2500 nm. The internal transmittance value of a 10 mm thick sample is calculated between 375 nm and 1175 nm using the refractive index measured at those different thicknesses and the measured total transmittance. Total transmittance accounts for losses due to light reflection from the sample surface. The wavelength corresponding to a specific value of total transmittance (e.g., 5% or 70%) is denoted by λ with a corresponding subscript, e.g., λt ... 5％ and λ 70％ .

[0062] Unless otherwise stated, the refractive index values ​​recorded herein were measured at room temperature (approximately 25°C). The refractive index values ​​of the glass samples were measured using a Metricon Model 2010 prism-coupled refractometer with an error of approximately ±0.0002. Using the Metricon, the refractive index of the glass samples was measured at two or more wavelengths, approximately 406 nm, 473 nm, 532 nm, 633 nm, 828 nm, and 1064 nm. The measured correlations characterized the dispersion, which was then fitted using either Cauchy's law equation or the Sellmeier equation to calculate the refractive index of the sample at a given wavelength of interest between the measurement wavelengths. The term "refractive index n" as used herein is... d "or "n d "Refractive index n" refers to the refractive index calculated at a wavelength of 587.56 nm as described above, which corresponds to the wavelength of the helium d-line. As used herein, the term "refractive index n" is... C "or "n c "Refractive index n" refers to the refractive index calculated at a wavelength of 656.3 nm as described above. As used herein, the term "refractive index n" is... F "or "n F "Refractive index n" refers to the refractive index calculated at a wavelength of 486.1 nm as described above. As used herein, the term "refractive index n" is... g "or "n g "Refers to the refractive index calculated at a wavelength of 435.8 nm, as mentioned above."

[0063] Unless otherwise stated, as used herein, the term "high refractive index" or "high refractive index" refers to a glass with a refractive index value greater than or equal to 1.80. In the illustrated embodiments, the term "high refractive index" or "high refractive index" refers to a glass with a refractive index value greater than or equal to 1.85, greater than or equal to 1.90, greater than or equal to 1.95, or greater than or equal to 2.00.

[0064] The terms "dispersion" and "optical dispersion" are used interchangeably to describe the difference or ratio of refractive indices of a glass sample at a predetermined wavelength. One numerical measurement of optical dispersion documented in this paper is the Abbe number, which can be calculated using the following equation: ν x =(n x –1) / (n F –n C In the formula, "x" in this disclosure refers to one of the commonly used wavelengths (e.g., corresponding to ν). d The 587.56nm [d-line] or corresponding ν D (589.3nm [D line]), n x It is the refractive index at this wavelength (e.g., n). d Corresponding to ν d, and n D Corresponding to ν D ), and n F and n C These are the refractive indices at wavelengths of 486.1 nm (F line) and 656.3 nm (C line), respectively. d and ν D The numerical differences are very subtle, mostly within ±0.1% to ±0.2%. A higher Abbe number corresponds to a lower optical dispersion.

[0065] The Abbe number corresponding to "high dispersion" or "low dispersion" can vary depending on the refractive index used to calculate the Abbe number. In some cases, the Abbe number corresponding to "low dispersion" for high-refractive-index glass may be lower than the corresponding Abbe number for low-refractive-index glass. In other words, as the calculated refractive index increases, the Abbe number corresponding to low dispersion decreases. The same applies to "high dispersion."

[0066] As used herein, the term "α" or "α" refers to... 20-300 "α" refers to the average linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the glass composition over a temperature range from 20°C to 300°C. This property is measured using a horizontal dilatometer (push-rod dilatometer) according to ASTM E228-11. The numerical measurement of α is the linear average over a specified temperature range (e.g., 20°C to 300°C), expressed as Δ = ΔL / L0ΔT, where L0 is the linear dimension of the sample at room temperature, and L is the change in linear dimension (ΔL) over the measurement temperature range ΔT.

[0067] Young's modulus E and Poisson's ratio μ were measured using resonant ultrasonic spectroscopy with a Quasar RUSpec 4000 purchased from the Magnaflux Division of ITW Indiana Private Limited.

[0068] The glass transition temperature (Tg) was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at a heating rate of 10 K / min after cooling to room temperature in air.

[0069] As used herein, the term "annealing point" refers to the temperature determined according to ASTM C598-93 (2013), at which the glass viscosity of a given glass composition is approximately 10. 13.2 moor.

[0070] The glass composition may contain boron oxide (B₂O₃). According to some embodiments of this disclosure, boron oxide can act as a glass forming agent. As a glass forming agent, B₂O₃ can help increase the liquidus viscosity and thus protect the glass composition from crystallization. However, adding B₂O₃ to the glass composition may cause liquid-liquid phase separation, which may result in devitrification and / or reduced transmittance of the resulting glass. Furthermore, adding B₂O₃ to high-refractive-index glasses reduces the refractive index. Therefore, the amount of boron oxide in the glass of this disclosure is limited, or the glass may be substantially free of B₂O₃. In embodiments, the amount of boron oxide (B₂O₃) contained in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% to less than or equal to 41.0 mol%, and all ranges and subranges between these values. In some embodiments, the amount of B2O3 contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 21.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 23.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 27.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 30.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 35.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 40.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the amount of B2O3 contained in the glass composition may be: less than or equal to 41.0 mol%, less than or equal to 40.0 mol%, less than or equal to 35.0 mol%, less than or equal to 34.5 mol%, less than or equal to 33.0 mol%, less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 5.0 mol%. In some further embodiments, the amount of B2O3 contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 21.5 mol% and less than or equal to 34.5 mol%, and greater than or equal to 23.0 mol% and less than or equal to 33.0 mol%. ≥27.05 mol% and ≤33.24 mol%, ≥0.0 mol% and ≤41.0 mol%, ≥0.0 mol% and ≤5.0 mol%, ≥20.0 mol% and ≤30.0 mol%, ≥30.0 ​​mol% and ≤33.0 mol%, ≥34.5 mol% and ≤35.0 mol%, ≥35.0 mol% and ≤40.0 mol%.

[0071] The glass composition may contain silicon dioxide (SiO2). Silicon dioxide can act as an additional glass forming agent. Silicon dioxide, along with B2O3, can help increase the liquidus viscosity (viscosity at the liquidus temperature) and thus protect the glass composition from crystallization. However, adding SiO2 to the glass composition may cause liquid-liquid phase separation, which may lead to devitrification and / or reduced transmittance of the resulting glass. Furthermore, SiO2 is a low refractive index component and makes it difficult to achieve high refractive index glasses. Therefore, the SiO2 content in the embodiments of this disclosure is limited, or the glass may be substantially free of SiO2. In embodiments, the amount of silicon dioxide (SiO2) contained in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% to less than or equal to 15.0 mol%, and all ranges and subranges between these values. In some embodiments, the amount of SiO2 contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 9.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 11.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 13.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the amount of SiO2 contained in the glass composition may be: less than or equal to 15.0 mol%, less than or equal to 13.5 mol%, less than or equal to 13.0 mol%, less than or equal to 12.5 mol%, less than or equal to 11.5 mol%, less than or equal to 11.0 mol%, less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, less than or equal to 9.0 mol%, less than or equal to 6.0 mol%, less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, less than or equal to 4.8 mol%, or less than or equal to 4.5 mol%. In some further embodiments, the amount of SiO2 contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 13.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 12.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 11.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 4.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.03 mol% and less than or equal to 5.77 mol%, greater than or equal to 4.5 mol% and less than or equal to 4.8 mol%, greater than or equal to 4.8 mol% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol%, and greater than or equal to 6.0 mol% and less than or equal to 9.0 mol%.

[0072] The glass composition may contain germanium oxide (GeO2). Germanium oxide (GeO2) provides an excellent refractive index to density ratio without reducing transmittance. However, germanium oxide is too expensive, and therefore it may make the glass composition uneconomical. Therefore, the content of germanium oxide should be limited, or the glass composition may be GeO2-free, or substantially GeO2-free. In embodiments, the amount of germanium oxide (GeO2) contained in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% to less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, and all ranges and subranges between these values. In some embodiments, the amount of GeO2 contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 7.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 8.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 9.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the amount of GeO2 contained in the glass composition may be: less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, less than or equal to 9.0 mol%, less than or equal to 8.0 mol%, less than or equal to 7.0 mol%, less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, less than or equal to 4.8 mol%, or less than or equal to 0.5 mol%. In some further embodiments, the amount of GeO2 contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 0.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% and less than or equal to 4.8 mol%, greater than or equal to 4.8 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 4.8 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% and less than or equal to 7.0 mol%.

[0073] Glass compositions may contain monovalent metal oxides (R₂O). Monovalent metal oxides (e.g., alkali metal oxides (Li₂O, Na₂O, K₂O, Rb₂O, and Cs₂O) or others (e.g., Ag₂O or Tl₂O)) can help to better accommodate refractive index enhancers (e.g., TiO₂, Nb₂O₅, or WO₃) in the glass structure, which leads to increased solubility of these enhancers in the glass and thus directly results in an increase in refractive index at acceptable low densities.

[0074] In some embodiments, the amount of monovalent metal oxide R2O contained in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 2.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 3.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 4.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the amount of monovalent metal oxide R2O contained in the glass composition may be less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, less than or equal to 4.0 mol%, less than or equal to 3.0 mol%, less than or equal to 2.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 1.0 mol%. In some further embodiments, the amount of R2O contained in the glass composition may be: 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, or 1.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%.

[0075] Glass compositions may contain divalent metal oxides (ROs). Adding divalent metal oxides to glass, such as alkaline earth metal oxides (BeO, MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO), zinc oxide (ZnO), cadmium oxide (CdO), lead oxide (PbO), and others, provides considerably higher refractive indices than most monovalent oxides. Some divalent metal oxides (e.g., CaO, SrO, and ZnO) also provide considerably lower densities, thus increasing the refractive index-density ratio and consequently improving the performance of optical glasses in certain applications. Furthermore, divalent metal oxides can help increase the solubility of high-refractive-index components (e.g., TiO2, Nb2O5, and WO3), which indirectly leads to a further increase in refractive index at comparable densities. Additionally, some divalent metal oxides (e.g., ZnO and MgO) provide considerably lower coefficients of thermal expansion, which can reduce thermal stresses formed in glass articles upon cooling and thus improve the quality of the glass articles. However, when added in large quantities, divalent metal oxides may cause refractory minerals to crystallize from the melt or undergo liquid-liquid phase separation, which could reduce the glass's glass-forming ability. Therefore, the amount of divalent metal oxides in the glass compositions of this disclosure is limited.

[0076] In some embodiments, the amount of divalent metal oxide RO contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 2.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 3.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 4.0 mol%. In some embodiments, the amount of divalent metal oxide RO contained in the glass composition may be: less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, less than or equal to 4.0 mol%, less than or equal to 3.0 mol%, less than or equal to 2.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 1.0 mol%. In some further embodiments, the amount of RO contained in the glass composition may be: 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 0 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, or 2.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%.

[0077] The glass composition may contain zinc oxide (ZnO). Zinc oxide provides a good refractive index-density ratio and can sometimes increase the solubility of titanium oxide, which indirectly increases the refractive index of the glass. However, it has been found that in some embodiments, at high concentrations of ZnO, the glass-forming ability of the melt decreases and the melt may tend to crystallize during cooling.

[0078] In some embodiments, the amount of ZnO contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 25.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 30.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the amount of ZnO contained in the glass composition may be: less than or equal to 35.0 mol%, less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 0.05 mol%. In some further embodiments, the amount of ZnO contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 0.05 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.05 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.05 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%.

[0079] The glass composition may contain barium oxide (BaO). Barium oxide can increase the solubility of high refractive index components (e.g., TiO2 and Nb2O5), which can indirectly lead to a further increase in refractive index at relatively low densities. However, barium is a heavy element and its addition in large quantities may increase the glass density. Furthermore, at high concentrations, it may cause such minerals to crystallize as barium titanate (BaTiO3), barium niobate (BaNb2O6), and others. Therefore, the amount of BaO in the glass of this disclosure is limited, or the glass may be substantially free of BaO. In embodiments, the amount of barium oxide (BaO) contained in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% to less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, and all ranges and subranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the amount of BaO contained in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% or greater than or equal to 5.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the amount of BaO contained in the glass composition may be: less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, less than or equal to 4.6 mol%, less than or equal to 4.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 1.6 mol%. In some more embodiments, the amount of BaO contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 4.6 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 4.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.01 mol% and less than or equal to 1.6 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 1.6 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.6 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.6 mol% and less than or equal to 4.0 mol%.

[0080] The glass composition may contain lead oxide (PbO). Lead oxide provides a very high refractive index, but also significantly increases density. Furthermore, PbO may raise environmental concerns. For these reasons, the PbO content in the glass of this disclosure is limited, or the glass composition may be substantially PbO-free. In embodiments, the amount of lead oxide (PbO) contained in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% to less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, and all ranges and subranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the amount of PbO contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 7.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 8.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 9.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the amount of PbO contained in the glass composition may be: less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, less than or equal to 9.0 mol%, less than or equal to 8.0 mol%, less than or equal to 7.0 mol%, less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 0.5 mol%. In some further embodiments, the amount of PbO contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 0.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% and less than or equal to 7.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 7.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 7.0 mol% and less than or equal to 8.0 mol%.

[0081] In some embodiments, the glass composition contains rare earth metal oxides (in trivalent equivalent RE) m O n The quantity (calculated) can be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.25 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol%, or greater than or equal to 0.75 mol%.

[0082] The glass composition may contain lanthanum oxide (La₂O₃). Lanthanum oxide is one of the cheapest oxides that provides a high refractive index without significant loss of transmittance in the visible light range. Furthermore, the addition of La₂O₃ can reduce the risk of phase separation. However, La₂O₃ provides a higher density compared to other high refractive index components (e.g., TiO₂, Nb₂O₅, or WO₃). Additionally, when added in large quantities, it can lead to the crystallization of refractory materials. For this reason, the La₂O₃ content in the glass of this disclosure should be limited. In embodiments, the amount of lanthanum oxide (La₂O₃) contained in the glass composition can be greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% to less than or equal to 35.0 mol%, and all ranges and subranges between these values. In some embodiments, the amount of La2O3 contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 13.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 14.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 15.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 25.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 30.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the amount of La2O3 contained in the glass composition may be: less than or equal to 35.0 mol%, less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, less than or equal to 24.0 mol%, less than or equal to 22.5 mol%, less than or equal to 21.4 mol%, less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 1.0 mol%. In some further embodiments, the amount of La2O3 contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 13.0 mol% and less than or equal to 24.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 14.5 mol% and less than or equal to 22.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 15.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, and greater than or equal to 19.97%. mol% and less than or equal to 21.43 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 1.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol% and less than or equal to 21.4 mol%, greater than or equal to 21.4 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 21.4 mol% and less than or equal to 22.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 22.5 mol% and less than or equal to 24.0 mol%.

[0083] In embodiments, the amount of yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃) contained in the glass composition can be greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% to less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, and all ranges and subranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the amount of Y₂O₃ contained in the glass composition can be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 7.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 8.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 9.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the amount of Y₂O₃ contained in the glass composition can be: less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, less than or equal to 9.0 mol%, less than or equal to 8.0 mol%, less than or equal to 7.5 mol%, less than or equal to 7.0 mol%, less than or equal to 6.5 mol%, less than or equal to 5.75 mol%, less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 1.0 mol%. In some further embodiments, the amount of Y2O3 contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 7.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 6.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.75 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.38 mol% and less than or equal to 5.02 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 1.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.75 mol%, and greater than or equal to 5.75 mol% and less than or equal to 6.5 mol%.

[0084] In some embodiments, the amount of gadolinium oxide (Gd₂O₃) contained in the glass composition can be greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% to less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, and all ranges and subranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the amount of Gd₂O₃ contained in the glass composition can be greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 2.5 mol%. In some other embodiments, the amount of Gd₂O₃ contained in the glass composition can be less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, less than or equal to 2.5 mol%, or less than or equal to 1.0 mol%. In some further embodiments, the amount of Gd2O3 contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 1.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% and less than or equal to 2.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 2.5 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, and greater than or equal to 2.5 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol%.

[0085] The glass composition may contain alumina (Al2O3). Alumina can increase the viscosity of the glass-forming melt at high temperatures, which can reduce the critical cooling rate and improve glass forming ability. However, the addition of Al2O3 may cause refractory minerals in the melt (e.g., aluminum titanate (Al2TiO5), aluminum niobate (AlNbO4), and others) to crystallize upon cooling. Therefore, the amount of Al2O3 in the glass of this disclosure is limited, or the glass may be substantially free of Al2O3. In embodiments, the amount of alumina (Al2O3) contained in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% to less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, and all ranges and subranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the amount of Al2O3 contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 7.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 8.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 9.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the amount of Al2O3 contained in the glass composition may be: less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, less than or equal to 9.0 mol%, less than or equal to 8.0 mol%, less than or equal to 7.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 5.0 mol%. In some more embodiments, the amount of Al2O3 contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%.

[0086] In embodiments, the amount of molybdenum oxide (MoO3) contained in the glass composition can be greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% to less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, and all ranges and subranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the amount of MoO3 contained in the glass composition can be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 7.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 8.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 9.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the amount of MoO3 contained in the glass composition can be: less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, less than or equal to 9.0 mol%, less than or equal to 8.0 mol%, less than or equal to 7.0 mol%, less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 3.0 mol%. In some more embodiments, the amount of MoO3 contained in the glass composition can be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 3.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%.

[0087] The glass composition may contain tellurium oxide (TeO2). Tellurium oxide typically functions in a similar manner to bismuth oxide as described below; furthermore, TeO2 is very expensive, which may make the cost of starting materials prohibitively high. Therefore, the tellurium oxide content should be limited, or the glass composition may be TeO2-free. In embodiments, the amount of tellurium oxide (TeO2) contained in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% to less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, and all ranges and subranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the amount of TeO2 contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 14.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 16.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 18.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the amount of TeO2 contained in the glass composition may be: less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, less than or equal to 18.0 mol%, less than or equal to 16.0 mol%, less than or equal to 14.0 mol%, less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 2.0 mol%. In some more embodiments, the amount of TeO2 contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol%.

[0088] The glass composition may contain vanadium oxide (V₂O₅). Of all oxides, vanadium oxide provides the highest refractive index-density ratio. However, vanadium oxide can cause an undesirable dark color. For these reasons, the vanadium oxide content in the glass of this disclosure is limited, or the glass composition may be substantially V₂O₅-free. In embodiments, the amount of vanadium oxide (V₂O₅) contained in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% to less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, and all ranges and subranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the amount of V₂O₅ contained in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 2.5 mol%. In some other embodiments, the amount of V₂O₅ contained in the glass composition may be less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, less than or equal to 2.5 mol%, less than or equal to 1.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 0.1 mol%. In some further embodiments, the amount of V2O5 contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 1.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 0.1 mol%.

[0089] In embodiments, the amount of thorium oxide (ThO2) contained in the glass composition can be greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% to less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, and all ranges and subranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the amount of ThO2 contained in the glass composition can be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 7.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 8.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 9.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the amount of ThO2 contained in the glass composition can be: less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, less than or equal to 9.0 mol%, less than or equal to 8.0 mol%, less than or equal to 7.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 5.0 mol%. In some more embodiments, the amount of ThO2 contained in the glass composition can be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol%.

[0090] The glass composition may contain tantalum oxide (Ta₂O₅). Tantalum oxide increases the refractive index while maintaining acceptable density without reducing blue light transmittance. However, Ta₂O₅ can cause the crystallization of refractory minerals. Therefore, the tantalum oxide content should be limited, or the glass composition may be Ta₂O₅-free. In embodiments, the amount of tantalum oxide (Ta₂O₅) contained in the glass may be greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% to less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, and all ranges and subranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the amount of Ta₂O₅ contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 19.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 21.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 23.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the amount of Ta2O5 contained in the glass composition may be: less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, less than or equal to 23.0 mol%, less than or equal to 21.0 mol%, less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, less than or equal to 19.0 mol%, less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 2.0 mol%. In some more embodiments, the amount of Ta2O5 contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol%.

[0091] The glass composition may contain zirconium oxide (ZrO2). Zirconia can increase the refractive index while maintaining an acceptablely low density. ZrO2 also increases the viscosity of the melt, which helps protect the melt from crystallization. ZrO2 does not introduce color into the glass in the visible and near-UV range, which helps maintain the glass's high transmittance. However, high concentrations of zirconium oxide can cause crystallization of refractory minerals (e.g., zirconium oxide (ZrO2), zircon (ZrSiO4), calcium zirconate (CaZrO3), and others), which may reduce the glass-forming ability of the melt. In embodiments, the amount of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) contained in the glass composition can be greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% to less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, and all ranges and subranges between these values. In some embodiments, the amount of ZrO2 contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.75 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 6.99 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 14.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the amount of ZrO2 contained in the glass composition may be: less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, less than or equal to 18.0 mol%, less than or equal to 16.0 mol%, less than or equal to 14.0 mol%, less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, less than or equal to 8.0 mol%, less than or equal to 7.5 mol%, less than or equal to 7.25 mol%, less than or equal to 7.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 5.0 mol%. In some further embodiments, the amount of ZrO2 contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 7.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% and less than or equal to 8.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.75 mol% and less than or equal to 7.25 mol%, greater than or equal to 6.99 mol% and less than or equal to 7.0 mol%, and greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%. % and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% and less than or equal to 7.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 7.0 mol% and less than or equal to 7.25 mol%, greater than or equal to 7.5 mol% and less than or equal to 8.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 8.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% and less than or equal to 14.0 mol%.

[0092] The glass composition may contain bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃). Bi₂O₃ provides a very high refractive index, but results in an increased density. However, it may reduce the melt viscosity at high temperatures, which could cause the melt to crystallize upon cooling. Therefore, the bismuth oxide content should be limited, or the glass composition may be Bi₂O₃-free. In embodiments, the amount of bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃) contained in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% to less than or equal to 35.0 mol%, and all ranges and subranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the amount of Bi₂O₃ contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 25.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 30.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the amount of Bi2O3 contained in the glass composition may be: less than or equal to 35.0 mol%, less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, less than or equal to 7.5 mol%, less than or equal to 7.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 5.0 mol%. In some more embodiments, the amount of Bi2O3 contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 7.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 7.0 mol%.

[0093] Glass compositions may contain niobium oxide (Nb₂O₅). Niobium oxide can be used to increase the refractive index of the glass while maintaining a low density. However, niobium oxide introduces a yellow tint into the glass that cannot be bleached in the same way as titanium oxide, leading to a loss of transmittance (particularly in the blue and UV ranges). Niobium oxide may cause crystallization and / or phase separation in the melt. In some embodiments, the glass may be substantially free of Nb₂O₅. In embodiments, the amount of niobium oxide (Nb₂O₅) contained in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% to less than or equal to 50.0 mol%, and all ranges and subranges between these values. In some embodiments, the amount of Nb2O5 contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 3.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 4.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 6.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 7.8 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 25.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 35.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 40.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 45.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the amount of Nb2O5 contained in the glass composition may be: less than or equal to 50.0 mol%, less than or equal to 45.0 mol%, less than or equal to 40.0 mol%, less than or equal to 35.0 mol%, less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, less than or equal to 19.5 mol%, less than or equal to 19.0 mol%, less than or equal to 18.0 mol%, less than or equal to 16.5 mol%, less than or equal to 15.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 10.0 mol%.In some further embodiments, the amount of Nb₂O₅ contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.3 mol% and less than or equal to 50.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol% and less than or equal to 19.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% and less than or equal to 19.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 3.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 4.5 mol% and less than or equal to 18.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 6.0 mol% and less than or equal to 16.5 mol%, and greater than or equal to 7.79 mol% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol%. Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 50.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 15.0 mol% and less than or equal to 50.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 16.5 mol% and less than or equal to 18.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 18.0 mol% and less than or equal to 50.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 18.0 mol% and less than or equal to 19.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 19.0 mol% and less than or equal to 19.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 19.5 mol% and less than or equal to 50.0 mol%.

[0094] The glass composition may contain titanium dioxide (TiO2). The levels of TiO2 and / or Nb2O5 typically used in glass to increase the refractive index tend to reduce transmittance in the near-UV region and shift the UV cutoff to higher wavelengths. Therefore, the amount of TiO2 is limited. In embodiments, the amount of titanium dioxide (TiO2) contained in the glass composition can be greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% to less than or equal to 50.0 mol%, and all ranges and subranges between these values. In some embodiments, the amount of TiO2 contained in the glass composition can be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 6.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 7.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 8.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 25.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 35.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 40.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 45.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the amount of TiO2 contained in the glass composition may be: less than or equal to 50.0 mol%, less than or equal to 45.0 mol%, less than or equal to 40.0 mol%, less than or equal to 35.0 mol%, less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, less than or equal to 28.0 mol%, less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, less than or equal to 22.0 mol%, less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, less than or equal to 19.0 mol%, less than or equal to 17.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 10.0 mol%. In some further embodiments, the amount of TiO2 contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.3 mol% and less than or equal to 50.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% and less than or equal to 19.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 6.0 mol% and less than or equal to 22.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 7.5 mol% and less than or equal to 28.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 8.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, greater than... 10.0 mol% or less than or equal to 16.98 mol%, 0.0 mol% or less than or equal to 50.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% or less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, 17.0 mol% or less than or equal to 19.0 mol%, 19.0 mol% or less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, 22.0 mol% or less than or equal to 50.0 mol%, 22.0 mol% or less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, and 25.0 mol% or less than or equal to 28.0 mol%.

[0095] The glass composition may contain tungsten oxide (WO3). WO3 provides a high refractive index without significantly increasing density or causing undesirable coloration. Furthermore, it has been empirically found that adding WO3 to the glass composition lowers the liquidus temperature, allowing such glasses to melt at lower temperatures, which in turn increases their transmittance. Additionally, adding WO3 can lower the glass transition temperature Tg. gThis allows for the formation of these glasses at lower temperatures. At high concentrations of WO3, the liquidus temperature tends to increase, and the viscosity at the liquidus temperature decreases, making it difficult to avoid crystallization of the melt upon cooling. Therefore, the WO3 content should be limited, or the glass composition may be WO3-free. In embodiments, the amount of tungsten oxide (WO3) contained in the glass composition can be greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% to less than or equal to 40.0 mol%, and all ranges and subranges between these values. In some embodiments, the amount of WO3 contained in the glass composition can be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 2.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 3.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 6.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 9.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 25.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 30.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 35.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the amount of WO3 contained in the glass composition may be: less than or equal to 40.0 mol%, less than or equal to 35.0 mol%, less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, less than or equal to 26.0 mol%, less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, less than or equal to 23.0 mol%, less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 5.0 mol%. In some more embodiments, the amount of WO3 contained in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 2.0 mol% and less than or equal to 26.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 3.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% and less than or equal to 23.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 8.68 mol% and less than or equal to 20.45 mol%. Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 23.0 mol% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 23.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 25.0 mol% and less than or equal to 26.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 26.0 mol% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 30.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol%.

[0096] Glass compositions may contain fluorine (F). The addition of fluorine to glass compositions is known to provide lower optical dispersion, which can improve image quality. Furthermore, fluorine can lower the liquidus temperature in some cases, preventing crystallization of the glass article as the melt cools. However, fluorine can be a concern due to environmental concerns. For this reason, the fluorine content is limited, or the glass is essentially fluorine-free. In embodiments, the amount of fluorine (F) contained in the glass composition can be greater than or equal to 0.0 atomic% to less than or equal to 5.0 atomic%, and all ranges and subranges between these values. In some embodiments, the amount of F contained in the glass composition can be greater than or equal to 0.0 atomic% or greater than or equal to 2.5 atomic%. In some other embodiments, the amount of F contained in the glass composition can be less than or equal to 5.0 atomic%, less than or equal to 2.5 atomic%, or less than or equal to 0.1 atomic%.

[0097] In embodiments, the amount of chlorine (Cl) contained in the glass composition can be greater than or equal to 0.0 atomic% to less than or equal to 1.0 atomic%, and all ranges and subranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the amount of Cl contained in the glass composition can be greater than or equal to 0.0 atomic% or greater than or equal to 0.5 atomic%. In some other embodiments, the amount of Cl contained in the glass composition can be less than or equal to 1.0 atomic% or less than or equal to 0.5 atomic%.

[0098] In embodiments, the amount of bromine (Br) contained in the glass composition can be greater than or equal to 0.0 atomic% to less than or equal to 1.0 atomic%, and all ranges and subranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the amount of Br contained in the glass composition can be greater than or equal to 0.0 atomic% or greater than or equal to 0.5 atomic%. In some other embodiments, the amount of Br contained in the glass composition can be less than or equal to 1.0 atomic% or less than or equal to 0.5 atomic%.

[0099] In embodiments, the amount of iodine (I) contained in the glass composition can be greater than or equal to 0.0 atomic% to less than or equal to 1.0 atomic%, and all ranges and subranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the amount of I contained in the glass composition can be greater than or equal to 0.0 atomic% or greater than or equal to 0.5 atomic%. In some other embodiments, the amount of I contained in the glass composition can be less than or equal to 1.0 atomic% or less than or equal to 0.5 atomic%.

[0100] In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have less than or equal to 30.0 mol% Al2O3+RE m O n sum.

[0101] In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a sum of R2O and RO of less than or equal to 5.0 mol% or less than or equal to 1.0 mol%.

[0102] In some embodiments, the sum of RE2O3+ZrO2+TiO2+Nb2O5+WO3 in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 30.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 40.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 50.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 60.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 65.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the sum of RE2O3+ZrO2+TiO2+Nb2O5+WO3 in the glass composition may be less than or equal to 69.0 mol%, less than or equal to 60.0 mol%, less than or equal to 50.0 mol%, less than or equal to 40.0 mol%, less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 10.0 mol%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may have the following sum of RE2O3+ZrO2+TiO2+Nb2O5+WO3: 0.0 mol% to 69.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 60.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 30.0 mol% to 69.0 mol%, 30.0 mol% to 60.0 mol%, 40.0 mol% to 60.0 mol%, 21.0 mol% to 46.0 mol%, 33.0 mol% to 63.0 mol%, or 9.0 mol% to 39.0 mol%.

[0103] In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a sum of SiO2 and GeO2 of less than or equal to 4.8 mol%.

[0104] In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a total TiO2 + Nb2O5 content of: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.6 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 21.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 30.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 40.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 50.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a total TiO2 + Nb2O5 content of: less than or equal to 60.0 mol%, less than or equal to 50.0 mol%, less than or equal to 40.0 mol%, less than or equal to 35.0 mol%, less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, less than or equal to 29.6 mol%, less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 10.0 mol%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may have the following sum of TiO2 + Nb2O5: 0.0 mol% to 35.0 mol%, 0.6 mol% to 60.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 60.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 21.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 8.0 mol% to 35.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 43.0 mol%, or 15.0 mol% to 55.0 mol%.

[0105] In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a total WO3 + TiO2 content of: greater than or equal to 0.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 15.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 23.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 25.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 30.0 mol%, or greater than or equal to 35.0 mol%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a total WO3 + TiO2 content of: less than or equal to 40.0 mol%, less than or equal to 35.0 mol%, less than or equal to 34.0 mol%, less than or equal to 30.0 mol%, less than or equal to 25.0 mol%, less than or equal to 20.0 mol%, less than or equal to 15.0 mol%, less than or equal to 10.0 mol%, or less than or equal to 5.0 mol%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain the following sum of WO3 and TiO: 0.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 35.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 23.0 mol% to 35.0 mol%, 23.0 mol% to 34.0 mol%, 8.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 0 mol% to 28.0 mol%, or 15.0 mol% to 27.0 mol%.

[0106] In some embodiments, the glass may have limitations regarding the difference between B₂O₃ + SiO₂ and P₂O₅. This difference distinguishes borate, borosilicate, and borosilicate glasses from phosphate glasses. A positive value of the difference identifies a borate, borosilicate, or borosilicate glass, while a negative value identifies a phosphate glass. In some embodiments, the glass may have a difference of B₂O₃ + SiO₂ - P₂O₅ greater than or equal to 0 mol%. In some embodiments, the difference in B₂O₃ + SiO₂ - P₂O₅ in the glass composition may be: greater than or equal to 0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol%, greater than or equal to 5 mol%, greater than or equal to 10 mol%, greater than or equal to 15 mol%, greater than or equal to 20 mol%, greater than or equal to 25 mol%, greater than or equal to 30 mol%, or greater than or equal to 35 mol%. In some other embodiments, the difference in B2O3+SiO2-P2O5 in the glass composition may be: less than or equal to 40 mol%, less than or equal to 35 mol%, less than or equal to 30 mol%, less than or equal to 25 mol%, less than or equal to 20 mol%, or less than or equal to 15 mol%. In some more embodiments, the B2O3+SiO2-P2O5 in the glass composition may be: 0 mol% to 40 mol%, 0 mol% to 10 mol%, 1 mol% to 20 mol%, 1 mol% to 10 mol%, 5 mol% to 20 mol%, 5 mol% to 10 mol%, 10 mol% to 30 mol%, 10 mol% to 20 mol%, 15 mol% to 40 mol%, 15 mol% to 35 mol%, 15 mol% to 30 mol%, 15 mol% to 25 mol%, 15 mol% to 20 mol%, 20 mol% to 25 mol%, 20 mol% to 35 mol%, 6 mol% to 25 mol%, or 9 mol% to 31 mol%.

[0107] In some embodiments, the glass composition may have limitations on the TiO2-SiO2 difference. A higher difference can be expected to result in a higher refractive index at a given density. However, if this difference is too high, there is a risk of phase separation, which can lead to crystallization and / or loss of transmittance. In some embodiments, the TiO2-SiO2 difference in the glass can be: greater than or equal to 7.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 8 mol%, greater than or equal to 8 mol%, greater than or equal to 10 mol%, greater than or equal to 12 mol%, or greater than or equal to 15 mol%. In some other embodiments, the TiO2-SiO2 difference in the glass composition can be: less than or equal to 16 mol%, less than or equal to 15 mol%, less than or equal to 12 mol%, or less than or equal to 10 mol%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may have TiO2-SiO2 of the following values: 8 mol% to 16 mol%, 8 mol% to 15 mol%, 8 mol% to 12 mol%, 8 mol% to 16 mol%, 8 mol% to 15 mol%, 8 mol% to 12 mol%, 10 mol% to 16 mol%, 10 mol% to 15 mol%, 10 mol% to 12 mol%, 12 mol% to 16 mol%, 12 mol% to 15 mol%, 9 mol% to 12 mol%, 11 mol% to 14 mol%, or 11 mol% to 15 mol%.

[0108] In some embodiments, the glass produced from the glass composition has an n value greater than or equal to 1.85 and less than or equal to 2.10. d And all ranges and subranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass has a refractive index n. d It can be: greater than or equal to 1.85, greater than or equal to 1.86, greater than or equal to 1.88, greater than or equal to 1.90, greater than or equal to 1.92, greater than or equal to 1.95, greater than or equal to 1.98, greater than or equal to 2.01, greater than or equal to 2.04, greater than or equal to 2.05, greater than or equal to 2.06, or greater than or equal to 2.08. In some other embodiments, the glass has a refractive index n. d It can be: less than or equal to 2.10, less than or equal to 2.08, less than or equal to 2.08, less than or equal to 2.07, less than or equal to 2.06, less than or equal to 2.05, less than or equal to 2.04, less than or equal to 2.03, less than or equal to 1.95, less than or equal to 1.92, less than or equal to 1.90, less than or equal to 1.88, or less than or equal to 1.86. In some further embodiments, the glass composition has a refractive index n. dIt can be: greater than or equal to 1.85 to 2.10, greater than or equal to 1.92 to 2.08, greater than or equal to 1.95 to 2.07, greater than or equal to 1.85 and less than or equal to 2.06, greater than or equal to 1.85 and less than or equal to 1.86, greater than or equal to 1.86 and less than or equal to 1.95, greater than or equal to 1.88 and less than or equal to 2.07, greater than or equal to 1.88 and less than or equal to 1.92, greater than or equal to 1.90 and less than or equal to 2.07, greater than or equal to 1.90 and less than or equal to 1. 0.92, greater than or equal to 1.92 and less than or equal to 2.04, greater than or equal to 1.95 and less than or equal to 2.08, greater than or equal to 1.95 and less than or equal to 2.06, greater than or equal to 1.95 and less than or equal to 2.04, greater than or equal to 2.03 and less than or equal to 2.08, greater than or equal to 2.03 and less than or equal to 2.06, greater than or equal to 1.86 and less than or equal to 1.94, greater than or equal to 1.87 and less than or equal to 1.98, or greater than or equal to 1.98 and less than or equal to 2.08.

[0109] In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a liquidus temperature T of 850°C or higher and less than or equal to 1350°C. liq And all ranges and subranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition has a T liq The temperature can be: greater than or equal to 850°C, greater than or equal to 860°C, greater than or equal to 880°C, greater than or equal to 900°C, greater than or equal to 1000°C, greater than or equal to 1065°C, greater than or equal to 1100°C, greater than or equal to 1200°C, greater than or equal to 1300°C, greater than or equal to 1320°C, or greater than or equal to 1340°C. In some other embodiments, the glass composition has a T liq The temperature can be: less than or equal to 1350°C, less than or equal to 1340°C, less than or equal to 1320°C, less than or equal to 1300°C, less than or equal to 1200°C, less than or equal to 1108°C, less than or equal to 1100°C, less than or equal to 1050°C, less than or equal to 1000°C, less than or equal to 900°C, less than or equal to 880°C, or less than or equal to 860°C. In some further embodiments, the glass composition has a T liqIt can be: greater than or equal to 850℃ and 1350℃, greater than or equal to 850℃ and less than or equal to 1200℃, greater than or equal to 850℃ and less than or equal to 1000℃, greater than or equal to 860℃ and less than or equal to 1300℃, greater than or equal to 860℃ and less than or equal to 900℃, greater than or equal to 880℃ and less than or equal to 1350℃, greater than or equal to 880℃ and less than or equal to 1300℃, greater than or equal to 880℃ and less than or equal to 1100℃, greater than or equal to 880℃ and less than or equal to 900℃, greater than or equal to 900℃ and less than or equal to 1300℃, greater than or equal to 1000℃ and less than or equal to 1200℃, greater than or equal to 1000℃ and less than or equal to 1100℃, greater than or equal to 1050℃ and less than or equal to 1350℃, greater than or equal to 1050℃ and less than or equal to 1100℃, greater than or equal to 1100℃ and less than or equal to 1320℃, greater than or equal to 919℃ and less than or equal to 1175℃, greater than or equal to 1100℃ and less than or equal to 1308℃, or greater than or equal to 919℃ and less than or equal to 1100℃.

[0110] In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a glass transition temperature T of 500°C or greater and less than or equal to 725°C. g And all ranges and subranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass has a T g The temperature can be: greater than or equal to 500°C, greater than or equal to 510°C, greater than or equal to 520°C, greater than or equal to 530°C, greater than or equal to 550°C, greater than or equal to 600°C, greater than or equal to 625°C, greater than or equal to 650°C, greater than or equal to 660°C, greater than or equal to 700°C, greater than or equal to 710°C, or greater than or equal to 720°C. In some other embodiments, the glass composition has a T g The temperature can be: less than or equal to 725°C, less than or equal to 720°C, less than or equal to 710°C, less than or equal to 700°C, less than or equal to 687°C, less than or equal to 650°C, less than or equal to 600°C, less than or equal to 550°C, less than or equal to 530°C, less than or equal to 520°C, or less than or equal to 510°C. In some further embodiments, the glass has a T... gIt can be: greater than or equal to 500℃ to 700℃, greater than or equal to 500℃ and less than or equal to 725℃, greater than or equal to 500℃ and less than or equal to 600℃, greater than or equal to 500℃ and less than or equal to 520℃, greater than or equal to 510℃ and less than or equal to 700℃, greater than or equal to 510℃ and less than or equal to 600℃, greater than or equal to 520℃ and less than or equal to 725℃, greater than or equal to 520℃ and less than or equal to 700℃, greater than or equal to 530℃ and less than or equal to 710℃, greater than or equal to 530℃ and less than or equal to 600℃, and so on. The following temperatures are considered acceptable: 550℃ and less than or equal to 710℃; 550℃ and less than or equal to 600℃; 600℃ and less than or equal to 710℃; 600℃ and less than or equal to 687℃; 650℃ and less than or equal to 725℃; 650℃ and less than or equal to 720℃; 650℃ and less than or equal to 687℃; 597℃ and less than or equal to 718℃; 531℃ and less than or equal to 670℃; or 531℃ and less than or equal to 630℃.

[0111] In some embodiments, the glass has a room temperature density d RT It can be greater than or equal to 4.50 g / cm³ 3 Up to 6.00 g / cm³ 3 , and all ranges and subranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass has d RT It can be: greater than or equal to 4.50 g / cm³ 3 ≥4.60 g / cm 3 ≥4.70 g / cm³ 3 ≥4.80 g / cm³ 3 ≥5.00 g / cm³ 3 ≥5.50 g / cm³ 3 ≥5.70 g / cm³ 3 ≥5.80 g / cm³ 3 or greater than or equal to 5.90 g / cm³ 3 In some other embodiments, the glass composition has a density d RT It can be: less than or equal to 6.00 g / cm³ 3 Less than or equal to 5.90 g / cm³ 3 Less than or equal to 5.80 g / cm³ 3 Less than or equal to 5.70 g / cm³ 3 Less than or equal to 5.50 g / cm³ 3 Less than or equal to 5.30 g / cm³3 Less than or equal to 5.00 g / cm³ 3 Less than or equal to 4.80 g / cm³ 3 Less than or equal to 4.70 g / cm³ 3 or less than or equal to 4.60 g / cm³ 3 In some further embodiments, the glass composition has a density d RT It can be: greater than or equal to 4.50 g / cm³ 3 Up to 5.50 g / cm 3 ≥4.50 g / cm³ 3 And less than or equal to 6.00 g / cm³ 3 ≥4.50 g / cm³ 3 And less than or equal to 5.70 g / cm³ 3 ≥4.60 g / cm 3 And less than or equal to 5.70 g / cm³ 3 ≥4.70 g / cm³ 3 And less than or equal to 5.50 g / cm 3 ≥4.70 g / cm³ 3 And less than or equal to 5.00 g / cm³ 3 ≥4.80 g / cm³ 3 And less than or equal to 5.80 g / cm³ 3 ≥4.80 g / cm³ 3 And less than or equal to 5.50 g / cm 3 ≥4.80 g / cm³ 3 And less than or equal to 5.00 g / cm³ 3 ≥5.00 g / cm³ 3 And less than or equal to 5.80 g / cm³ 3 ≥5.30 g / cm³ 3 And less than or equal to 5.90 g / cm³ 3 ≥5.30 g / cm³ 3 And less than or equal to 5.70 g / cm³ 3 ≥5.30 g / cm³ 3 And less than or equal to 5.50 g / cm 3 ≥4.73 g / cm³ 3 And less than or equal to 5.42 g / cm³ 3 ≥5.05g / cm 3 And less than or equal to 5.50 g / cm 3 or greater than or equal to 5.14 g / cm³ 3And less than or equal to 5.70 g / cm³ 3 .

[0112] In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a decimal logarithm of a liquidus viscosity greater than or equal to 0.5 or greater than or equal to 0.75.

[0113] In some implementations, the glass may have a value n greater than or equal to 0. d -(1.437+0.0005*T liq ).

[0114] In some implementations, the glass may have a value n greater than or equal to 0. d -(1.481+0.0005*T liq ).

[0115] In some implementations, the glass may have a value greater than or equal to 0 (n). d -1) / d RT -(0.269-0.12*T i ).

[0116] In some implementations, the glass may have a value greater than or equal to 0 (n). d -1) / d RT -(0.274-0.12*T i ).

[0117] In some implementations, the glass may have a value n greater than or equal to 0. d -(1.571+0.083*d RT ).

[0118] Transmittance index T i The value is calculated based on the following equation (I):

[0119] T i =(La2O3+Gd2O3+ZrO2+WO3) / (La2O3+Gd2O3+ZrO2+WO3+TiO2+Nb2O5), (I)

[0120] In the formula, the chemical formula represents the amount of the corresponding component in the glass composition, in moles.

[0121] Figure 1 The transmittance index T is shown according to equation (I). i With the value λ 70％ The relationship between them. The value λ 70％ This is a measured value and represents the minimum wavelength corresponding to 70% or higher total transmittance for a glass sample in sheet form with a thickness of 10 mm. Lower λ...70％ The values ​​typically correspond to a higher wavelength range where the glass sample has high internal transmittance, and therefore a lower λ. 70％ The value usually corresponds to a higher overall transmittance of the glass sample. Figure 1 The data points correspond to data obtained from U.S. Patent No. 10,287,205 (labeled US10287205), U.S. Patent Application No. 2011 / 105294 (labeled US 2011105294), and WO Patent Application No. 2020 / 034215 (labeled WO 2020034215). U.S. Patent No. 10,287,205 records the glass composition in cation percentage. The transmittance index T is calculated in mole percent according to Equation (I). i Assuming the cation percentage is equivalent to the atomic percentage (excluding oxygen), and converting the cation percentage to the molar percentage of oxides for use in equation (I). Figure 1 As shown, the data confirms the value λ. 70％ With transmittance index T i The correlation between them.

[0122] Refractive index n d Density d RT Refraction (n) d -1) / d RT and glass transition temperature T g Glass properties can be predicted from the glass composition. Linear regression analysis was performed on exemplary glasses of this disclosure in the Examples section below, as well as other glass compositions documented in the literature, to determine the predictable refractive index n. d Density d RT Refractive power (n) d -1) / d RT and glass transition temperature T g The equation of compositional dependence.

[0123] A training dataset of glass compositions that meet the criteria specified in Table 1 below and have measured values ​​of the properties of interest are randomly selected from literature data available in the publicly available SciGlass Information System database and from exemplary glasses of the embodiments presented herein (for each property (refractive index n)). d Density d RT Refractive power (n) d -1) / d RT and glass transition temperature T g(Approximately 100 glass compositions were used). Linear regression analysis was applied to the dataset specified above to determine the equations, eliminating irrelevant variables and outliers. Table 2 below presents the resulting equations. Another subset of glass compositions meeting the same criteria was used as a validation set to evaluate the ability to interpolate within predetermined compositional limits, corresponding to the standard deviations specified in Table 2. An external dataset of existing glass compositions (also randomly selected from the SciGlass Information System database) was used to evaluate the ability to predict properties falling outside the specified compositional limits with reasonable accuracy. This process was iterated multiple times to determine the optimal variables for each property, corresponding to the regression equations specified in Table 2 above.

[0124] Data on the composition of comparative glass used in linear regression modeling (including training, validation, and external datasets) were obtained from the publicly available SciGlass information system database. Equations (II), (III), (IV), and (V) were derived from the linear regression analysis and used to predict the refractive index n of the glass. d Density d RT Refractive power (n) d -1) / d RT and glass transition temperature T g :

[0125] P n =-0.0051086*Al2O3-0.0049247*B2O3-0.00034289*BaO+0.0086552*Bi2O3-0.0014511*CaO+0.0047429*Gd2O3-0. 0033126*GeO2-0.0049544*K2O+0.0045475*La2O3-0.0023329*Li2O-0.0026561*MgO-0.0035925*Na2O+0.0071165* Nb2O5-0.0075074*P2O5+0.0015814*PbO-0.0043959*SiO2-0.00086373*SrO+0.0045915*Ta2O5-0.0015272*TeO2+ 0.0020281*TiO2+0.0012709*WO3+0.0025878*Y2O3+0.0048156*Yb2O3-0.00047962*ZnO+0.00090073*ZrO2+1.955, (II)

[0126] P d (g / cm 3)=4.95-0.036300*Al2O3-0.028364*B2O3+0.010786*BaO+0.077280*Bi2O3-0.0047086*CaO+0.0609 89*Er2O3+0.067356*Gd2O3-0.024973*K2O+0.050388*La2O3-0.015411*Li2O-0.014318*Na2O-0.00 16283*Nb2O5+0.078354*Nd2O3-0.045034*P2O5+0.037463*PbO-0.026153*SiO2-0.0079191*TeO2-0 .015844*TiO2+0.020220*WO3+0.016362*Y2O3+0.058765*Yb2O3+0.0086588*ZnO+0.0043754*ZrO2, (III)

[0127] P ref (cm 3 / g)=0.000087034*SiO2-0.00012035*B2O3-0.0012566*La2O3+0.0011411*TiO2-0.00031654*ZnO+0.000088066*CaO+0.0020444*Nb2O5-0.00023383*MgO-0.00086501*BaO-0.0004486*WO3-0.0014114*Gd2O3-0.00023872*Y 2O3-0.00031575*Ta2O5+0.00011894*Li2O+0.00027178*Al2O3-0.000099802*Na2O-0.00028391*GeO2-0.00030531*SrO-0.00072061*Bi2O3-0.0010964*Yb2O3+0.00022839*K2O-0.00086617*PbO+0.00027129*TeO2+0.198, (IV)

[0128] P Tg(℃)=595.358-0.63217*B2O3-0.46552*SiO2+1.1849*TiO2+0.59610*Nb2O5-1.6293*WO3+1.3877*ZrO2+4.4090*La2O3+4.1695*Y2O3- 5.0756*Bi2O3+0.55630*CaO-5.3892*PbO-4.2774*TeO2+1.8497*Al2O3-0.40659*GeO2-1.7011*ZnO-4.1520*Li2O+3.0777*Gd2O3, (V)

[0129] In equations (II), (III), (IV) and (V) and in Tables 1 and 2, the refractive index parameter P n The refractive index n at 587.56 nm is calculated from the composition of the glass composition (in mole %). d Parameters used for prediction; density parameter P d The room temperature density d is calculated from the components of the glass composition (in mole %). RT [g / cm 3 The parameters used for prediction; refractive power parameter P ref The refractive power (n) is calculated from the components of the glass composition (in mole %). d -1) / d RT The parameters used for prediction; and T g Parameter P Tg The glass transition temperature T is calculated from the composition (in mole percent) of the glass composition. g [℃] is the parameter used for prediction.

[0130] In equations (II), (III), (IV), and (V), each component of the glass composition is listed in its chemical formula form, where the chemical formula refers to the concentration of the component in the batch glass composition (in mol%). It is to be understood that not all components listed in equations (II), (III), (IV), and (V) are necessarily present in a particular glass composition, and equations (II), (III), (IV), and (V) are equally applicable to glass compositions containing fewer than all the components listed in the equations. It is also to be understood that equations (II), (III), (IV), and (V) also apply to glass compositions within the scope of this disclosure and the claims containing components other than those listed in the equations. If a component listed in equations (II), (III), (IV), and (V) is absent in a particular glass composition, the concentration of that component in the glass composition is 0 mol%, and the contribution of that component to the value calculated from the equations is zero.

[0131] In Table 1, RE m O n It is the sum of rare earth metal oxides.

[0132] Table 1: Composition space used for modeling

[0133]

[0134]

[0135]

[0136] Table 2: Property Prediction Model

[0137]

[0138] Figure 2 The parameter P is calculated by equation (II) for some literature glass (“comparative example glass”) and some exemplary glass (“example glass”). n The measured refractive index n d A graph showing the functional relationship. For example... Figure 2 The data shows that for most types of glass, parameter P... n The composition dependence has a measured n of ±0.021 units. d The error is within the range that corresponds to the standard deviation listed in Table 2.

[0139] Figure 3 The parameters P are those obtained by equation (III) from some literature glasses (“comparative example glasses”) and some exemplary glasses (“example glasses”). d With the measured density d RT A graph showing the functional relationship. For example... Figure 3 The data shows that for most types of glass, parameter P... d The composition dependence has ±0.12 units of measured d RT The error is within the range that corresponds to the standard deviation listed in Table 2.

[0140] Figure 4 The parameters P are those obtained by equation (IV) from some literature glasses (“comparative example glasses”) and some exemplary glasses (“example glasses”). ref With the measured refractive power (n) d -1) / d RT A graph showing the functional relationship. For example... Figure 4 The data shows that for most types of glass, parameter P... ref The composition dependence has a measurement of ±0.006 units (n) d -1) / dRT The error is within the range that corresponds to the standard deviation listed in Table 2.

[0141] Figure 5 The parameters P are those of some literature glasses (“comparative example glasses”) and some exemplary glasses (“example glasses”) calculated by equation (V). Tg The measured glass transition temperature T g A graph showing the functional relationship. For example... Figure 5 The data shows that for most types of glass, parameter P... Tg The composition dependence has ±15 units of measured T g The error is within the range that corresponds to the standard deviation listed in Table 2.

[0142] When considering T as a function of glass composition g It should be understood that the value of this quantity may depend on: the means of measurement (e.g., differential scanning calorimetry [DSC], differential thermal analysis [DTA], thermomechanical analysis [TMA], and others), and the measurement conditions (e.g., when the sample is heated to measure T). g The heating rate at time (and thermal history, which represents the time-temperature scheme of the initial heat treatment from the start of sample melting). This is also the time-temperature scheme for measuring T. g When comparing values ​​with those calculated from the glass composition, discrepancies may arise due to different measurement methods and / or different process conditions and / or different thermal histories. (Analysis of publicly available data from the SciGlass information system, using publicly available data from different sources, shows that the same composition recorded and obtained in different ways...) g Typical values ​​for these values ​​deviate from each other by approximately ±10-20°C, which is generally several times smaller than the T values ​​caused by changes in the glass composition within the scope considered in this disclosure. g The changes.

[0143] Therefore, the glass composition T used in the present disclosure g The predicted equations relate to the experimental conditions and methods described in this disclosure, which assume measurements are performed by DSC, and the glass sample is heated at a rate of 10 °C / min and cooled according to the process described in this disclosure, without any special preliminary treatment. When comparing the results of such calculations with data published in the literature, it is assumed that the published T... g The numerical values ​​typically deviate from those obtained under the conditions used in this paper by no more than about 20°C.

[0144] Table 3 identifies the combinations of components and their respective amounts according to some embodiments of this disclosure. The exemplary glass A in Table 3 may contain additional components according to any aspect of this disclosure described herein.

[0145] Table 3: Exemplary Glass A

[0146]

[0147]

[0148] An exemplary glass A according to embodiments of this disclosure may have a refractive index n of 1.92 to 2.08 at 587.56 nm. d .

[0149] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, exemplary glass A may also have a liquidus temperature T of 850 to 1350. liq [℃].

[0150] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, exemplary glass A may also satisfy the following equation:

[0151] n d -(1.437+0.0005*T liq )>0.00,

[0152] In the formula, n d It is the refractive index at 587.56 nm, and T liq It is the liquidus temperature.

[0153] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, exemplary glass A may also satisfy the following equation:

[0154] n d -(1.481+0.0005*T liq )>0.00,

[0155] In the formula, n d It is the refractive index at 587.56 nm, and T liq It is the liquidus temperature.

[0156] Table 4 identifies the combinations of components and their respective amounts according to some embodiments of this disclosure. The exemplary glass B in Table 4 may contain additional components according to any aspect of this disclosure described herein.

[0157] Table 4: Exemplary Glass B

[0158]

[0159]

[0160] The exemplary glass B according to the embodiments of this disclosure can satisfy the following conditions:

[0161] TiO2-SiO2 [mol%] ≥ 7.5,

[0162] In the formula, the chemical formula refers to the amount of the component in the glass, expressed in moles.

[0163] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, exemplary glass B may also satisfy the following conditions:

[0164] B2O3+SiO2-P2O5 [mol%]≥0.00,

[0165] In the formula, the chemical formula refers to the amount of the component in the glass, expressed in moles.

[0166] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, exemplary glass B may also have a refractive index n of 1.85 to 2.1 at 587.56 nm. d .

[0167] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, exemplary glass B may also satisfy the following equation:

[0168] (n d -1) / d RT -(0.269-0.12*T i )>0.00,

[0169] In the formula, (n d -1) / d RT It is the ratio of refractive index to density ("refractive power") (cm) 3 / g), and T i It is the transmittance index.

[0170] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, exemplary glass B may also satisfy the following equation:

[0171] (n d -1) / d RT -(0.274-0.12*T i )>0.00,

[0172] In the formula, (n d -1) / d RT It is the ratio of refractive index to density ("refractive power") (cm) 3 / g), and T i It is the transmittance index.

[0173] Table 5 identifies the combinations of components and their respective amounts according to some embodiments of this disclosure. The exemplary glass C in Table 5 may contain additional components according to any aspect of this disclosure described herein.

[0174] Table 5: Exemplary Glass C

[0175] composition Quantity (mol%) <![CDATA[WO3]]> 1.0 to 40.0 mol% <![CDATA[ZrO2]]> 0.3 to 20.0 mol% <![CDATA[B2O3]]> 0.0 to 40.0 mol% <![CDATA[La2O3]]> 0.0 to 35.0 mol% <![CDATA[Bi2O3]]> 0.0 to 35.0 mol% ZnO 0.0 to 35.0 mol% <![CDATA[Ta2O5]]> 0.0 to 25.0 mol% <![CDATA[Al2O3]]> 0.0 to 10.0 mol% <![CDATA[ThO2]]> 0.0 to 10.0 mol% <![CDATA[TeO2]]> 0.0 to 10.0 mol% <![CDATA[V2O5]]> 0.0 to 5.0 mol% <![CDATA[(Sum of TiO2 + Nb2O5)]]> 0.0 to 35.0 mol% <![CDATA[(Sum of RE2O3 + ZrO2 + TiO2 + Nb2O5 + WO3)]]> ≥10.0 mol%

[0176] The exemplary glass C according to the embodiments of this disclosure can satisfy the following conditions:

[0177] B2O3+SiO2-P2O5 [mol%] ≥ 0.50

[0178] In the formula, the chemical formula refers to the amount of the component in the glass, expressed in moles.

[0179] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the exemplary glass C may also have a glass transition temperature T of 500 to 700°C. g [℃].

[0180] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, exemplary glass C may also have a room temperature density d less than or equal to 6. RT [g / cm 3 ].

[0181] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the exemplary glass C may also satisfy the following equation:

[0182] n d -(1.571+0.083*d RT )>0.00,

[0183] In the formula, n d It is the refractive index at 587.56 nm, and d RT It is the room temperature density (g / cm³) 3 ).

[0184] Example

[0185] The following examples illustrate the various features and advantages provided by this disclosure, and they do not in any way constitute a limitation of the invention or the appended claims.

[0186] To prepare glass samples of some exemplary glasses of this disclosure, approximately 15 grams of each sample (with a target component content greater than 99.99% by weight in the batch composition) were melted from the batch raw materials at a temperature of approximately 1300°C in a platinum or platinum-rhodium crucible (Pt:Rh = 80:20) for 1 hour. Two controlled cooling conditions were applied. In the first condition (referred to as the “15-minute test” or “15-minute devitrification test”), the sample was cooled from 1100°C to 500°C in the furnace over approximately 15 minutes. In the second condition (referred to as the “2.5-minute test” or “2.5-minute devitrification test”), the sample was cooled from 1100°C to 500°C in the furnace over approximately 2.5 minutes. Temperature readings were obtained either by direct reading of the furnace temperature or by reading from an IR camera with a calibrated scale. The first condition (15-minute test) approximately corresponds to a cooling rate of up to 300°C / minute at a temperature of 1000°C, and the second test approximately corresponds to a cooling rate of up to 600°C / minute at a temperature of 1000°C (closer to this temperature, the cooling rate is close to its maximum). The cooling rate decreases significantly as the temperature decreases. Figure 6 Typical schemes for the first and second cooling methods are shown. For these samples, observations referred to as the "15-minute devitrification test" and the "2.5-minute devitrification test" are specified in Table 6 below; an observation result "1" indicates that the glass composition passed the devitrification test, wherein the composition is considered to have passed the devitrification test if the melt of the composition forms glass without crystals visible under an optical microscope at 100x to 500x magnification. An observation result "0" indicates that the glass composition did not pass the devitrification test.

[0187] Unless otherwise stated, for the preparation of other glass samples of the exemplary glass of this disclosure, a 1 kg component batch is prepared in a pure platinum crucible. The crucible is placed in a furnace set at 1250°C, and then the furnace temperature is increased to 1300°C and held at 1300°C for 2 hours. The furnace temperature is then reduced to 1250°C, and the glass is allowed to cool naturally at this temperature to equilibrium for 1 hour, after which it is poured onto a steel stage and annealed at Tg for 1 hour.

[0188] Some sample melts were also melted in a one-liter platinum crucible heated by the Joule effect. Approximately 3700g of raw material was used in this process. The crucible was filled at 1250°C over 1.5 hours. The temperature was then raised to 1300°C and held for 1 hour. During this step, the glass was continuously stirred at 60 rpm. The temperature was then lowered to 1200°C, where natural equilibrium was maintained for 30 minutes, and the stirring speed was reduced to 20 rpm. The transfer tube was heated to 1225°C, and the glass was poured onto a cooled graphite stage. The glass was formed into rods approximately 25mm thick, 50mm wide, and 90cm long. The prepared rods were examined under an optical microscope to check for crystallinity, and all were found to be free of crystals. The glass quality observed under the optical microscope was good; the rods were free of striae and bubbles. The glass was then placed in a toughening furnace oven at a specific temperature (Tg) for 1 hour for rough annealing. The bars were then annealed in a static furnace at Tg for 1 hour, and then the temperature was decreased at 1°C / min.

[0189] Some samples were bleached after melting to improve transmittance. The bleaching process was carried out at 500℃, with the crystallization initiation temperature Tc being the optimal temperature for crystallization. x The bleaching process is carried out at temperatures between 500°C and 500°C. When the temperature is below approximately 500°C, the bleaching process may take too long due to its slow rate. When the bleaching temperature exceeds T... x Glass can crystallize during heat treatment. Higher bleaching temperatures result in faster bleaching processes, but also lower transmittance values.

[0190] No chemical analysis was performed on the test samples because similar samples prepared in independently melted reactors were chemically analyzed by XRF (X-ray fluorescence, for all oxides except B2O3 and Li2O), ICP (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, for B2O3), and FES (flame emission spectroscopy, for Li2O). These analyses yielded deviations of major components (e.g., Nb2O5) relative to the feed composition within ±2.0 wt%, which corresponds to less than approximately 1 mol%. In Tables 6 and 7, the abbreviation “n” with a subscript refers to the refractive index at the corresponding wavelength (in nm); for example, n 632.8nm This refers to the refractive index at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. T x This refers to the temperature at which crystallization begins.

[0191] For some exemplary glasses (including exemplary glass 1), the liquidus temperature was measured using several methods specified above, including: a gradient boat test by observing the obtained material with the naked eye, and a continuous 24-hour isothermal test by observing the obtained material under an optical microscope. The results provided by these two methods are consistent with each other, within ±7°C.

[0192] Table 6: Exemplary Glass Compositions

[0193]

[0194]

[0195]

[0196]

[0197] Table 6 (continued)

[0198]

[0199]

[0200]

[0201]

[0202] Table 6 (continued)

[0203]

[0204]

[0205]

[0206]

[0207] Table 6 (continued)

[0208]

[0209]

[0210]

[0211] Table 6 (continued)

[0212]

[0213]

[0214]

[0215]

[0216] Table 6 (continued)

[0217]

[0218]

[0219]

[0220]

[0221] Table 6 (continued)

[0222]

[0223]

[0224]

[0225] Table 6 (continued)

[0226]

[0227]

[0228]

[0229]

[0230] Table 6 (continued)

[0231]

[0232]

[0233]

[0234] Table 6 (continued)

[0235]

[0236]

[0237]

[0238] Table 6 (continued)

[0239]

[0240]

[0241]

[0242] Table 6 (continued)

[0243]

[0244]

[0245]

[0246] Table 6 (continued)

[0247]

[0248]

[0249]

[0250]

[0251] Table 6 (continued)

[0252]

[0253]

[0254]

[0255] Table 6 (continued)

[0256]

[0257]

[0258]

[0259] Table 6 (continued)

[0260]

[0261]

[0262]

[0263] Table 6 (continued)

[0264]

[0265]

[0266]

[0267]

[0268] Table 6 (continued)

[0269]

[0270]

[0271]

[0272] Table 6 (continued)

[0273]

[0274]

[0275] Table 7 below lists the glass composition and properties of comparative glass C1-C44.

[0276] Table 7: Composition and properties of comparative glass

[0277]

[0278]

[0279] Table 7 (continued)

[0280]

[0281]

[0282] Table 7 (continued)

[0283]

[0284]

[0285]

[0286] Table 7 (continued)

[0287]

[0288]

[0289] Table 7 (continued)

[0290]

[0291]

[0292] Table 7 (continued)

[0293]

[0294]

[0295] The reference keys for each comparative glass listed in Table 7 are as follows: [1] US10287205B2; [2] US8575048B2; [3] US8609560B2; [4] US8835336B2; [5] US9255028B2; [6] US9302930B2; [7] US9394194B2; [8] US9643880B2; [9] WO2020045417A1;

[10] WO2020062009A1;

[11] JP2020073453A;

[12] JP52129716A;

[13] JPH09278480;

[14] U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 076,551;

[15] US4584279A;

[16] US8728963B2;

[17] WO2012099168A1;

[18] WO2020034215A1;

[19] US8661853B2;

[20] CN101215082;

[21] CN104583142B;

[22] JPS534023;

[23] US4268312A;

[24] US8404606B2;

[25] US8476177B2;

[26] US2015225282;

[27] Imaoka M., Yamazaki T, “Refractive index and Abbes number of glass of lanthanum borate system”, Journal of the Ceramic Society, 1962, No. 70, Vol. 5, pp. 115-123.

[0296] High refractive index (n) d Glass with a refractive index of 2.0 or similar is typically characterized by a high liquidus temperature, which may lower the liquidus viscosity and thus potentially lead to melt crystallization upon cooling. Furthermore, glasses with high liquidus temperatures should be melted at higher temperatures to avoid crystallization, which may result in a loss of transmittance and / or require a longer bleaching process. Therefore, the lower the liquidus temperature at a given refractive index value, the better the glass properties obtained, and higher glass formability can be expected for these glasses. Thus, a high refractive index at a lower liquidus temperature identifies an advantage of a given glass composition compared to its counterparts with higher liquidus temperatures and / or lower refractive indices.

[0297] Figure 7 The liquidus temperatures T of some exemplary and comparative glasses are shown. liq With refractive index parameter P nThe relationship diagram is shown. Exemplary glasses (solid circles) are Examples 1, 40, 48, 50 to 53, 58, 60, 62, 66, 67, 69, 71, 72, 122, 123, 125, 127, 128 and 133 to 141 from Table 6. Comparative example glasses (hollow circles) are Examples C1 to C10 from Table 7. The refractive index parameter P is determined according to Equation (II). n . Figure 7 All exemplary and comparative glass examples shown have the characteristics specified in Table 8. In Table 8, the statement "no limitation" means that it is not considered a limitation when selecting the composition.

[0298] Table 8: Figure 7 Limitations of the glass composition shown

[0299] quantity unit Minimum Maximum value <![CDATA[WO3]]> mole% 3 35 <![CDATA[TiO2]]> mole% 0.3 50 <![CDATA[Nb2O5]]> mole% 0.3 50 <![CDATA[Bi2O3]]> mole% 0 20 <![CDATA[TeO2]]> mole% 0 10 PbO mole% 0 5 <![CDATA[MoO3]]> mole% 0 3 <![CDATA[V2O5]]> mole% 0 1 <![CDATA[TiO2+Nb2O5]]> mole% 0.6 60 F + Cl + Br + I mole% 0 3 <![CDATA[B2O3+SiO2-P2O5]]> mole% 0 No restrictions <![CDATA[P n ]]> 1.9 No restrictions <![CDATA[T liq ]]> ℃ No restrictions 1350

[0300] The comparative glass examples listed above were selected from known glasses having the characteristics specified in Table 8, and having a comparable liquidus temperature T. liq The highest refractive index parameter P is obtained in the numerical case. n .

[0301] Figure 7 The lines shown corresponding to the equation y = 1.437 + 0.0005*x provide a distinction between comparative example glasses with the properties specified in Table 8 and exemplary glasses 1, 40, 48, 50 to 53, 58, 60, 62, 66, 67, 69, 71, 72, 122, 123, 125, 127, 128 and 133 to 141 according to this disclosure. Figure 7 It can be seen that, Figure 7 The exemplary glass (solid circle) mentioned in the text falls above the line y = 1.437 + 0.0005*x, and there is no comparative example glass (hollow circle) falling above the line y = 1.437 + 0.0005*x, where y corresponds to the refractive index parameter P. n And x corresponds to the liquidus temperature T. liq In other words, Figure 7 Some of the exemplary glasses presented satisfy the following equation (VI)(a), and there are no comparative example glasses that satisfy the following equation (VI)(a):

[0302] P n -(1.437+0.0005*T liq )>0.00(VI)(a)

[0303] from Figure 7 It can also be seen that, Figure 7Some of the exemplary glass examples presented fall above the line y = 1.481 + 0.0005*x, and there is no comparative example glass falling above the line y = 1.481 + 0.0005*x, where y corresponds to the refractive index parameter P. n And x corresponds to the liquidus temperature T. liq In other words, Figure 7 Some of the exemplary glasses presented satisfy the following equation (VI)(b), and there are no comparative example glasses that satisfy the following equation (VI)(b):

[0304] P n -(1.481+0.0005*T liq >0.00(VI)(b)

[0305] In terms of prediction, Figure 7 The exemplary embodiments presented are for T liq and n d In terms of combination, it is superior to the best known comparative glass with the characteristics specified in Table 8.

[0306] Figure 8 The liquidus temperatures T of some exemplary and comparative glasses are shown. liq With n d The relationship diagram is shown. Exemplary glass (solid circles) are Examples 1 and 40 from Table 6. Comparative glass (hollow circles) are Examples C1, C3 to C8 and C11 to C13 from Table 7. Figure 8 All exemplary and comparative glass examples shown have the characteristics specified in Table 9. In Table 9, the statement "no limitation" means that it is not considered a limitation when selecting the composition.

[0307] Table 9: Figure 8 Limitations of the glass composition shown

[0308]

[0309]

[0310] The comparative glass examples listed above were selected from known glasses having the characteristics specified in Table 9, and having a comparable liquidus temperature T. liq In numerical cases, n has the highest measured value. d Numeric value.

[0311] Figure 8 The line shown, corresponding to the equation y = 1.437 + 0.0005*x, provides a distinction between the comparative example glass having the characteristics specified in Table 9 and the exemplary glasses 1 and 40 according to this disclosure. Figure 8 It can be seen that, Figure 8The exemplary glass (solid circle) mentioned in the text falls above the line y = 1.437 + 0.0005*x, and there is no comparative example glass (hollow circle) falling above the line y = 1.437 + 0.0005*x, where y corresponds to n. d And x corresponds to T liq In other words, Figure 8 Some of the exemplary glasses presented satisfy the following equation (VII)(a), and there is no comparative glass that satisfies the following equation (VII)(a):

[0312] n d -(1.437+0.0005*T liq )>0.00(VII)(a)

[0313] from Figure 8 It can also be seen that, Figure 8 Some of the exemplary glass examples presented above the line y = 1.481 + 0.0005 * x are shown, and there is no comparative example where the glass falls above the line y = 1.481 + 0.0005 * x, where y corresponds to n. d And x corresponds to T liq In other words, Figure 8 The exemplary glass presented herein satisfies the following equation (VII)(b), and no comparative glass satisfies the following equation (VII)(b):

[0314] n d -(1.481+0.0005*T liq >0.00(VII)(b)

[0315] According to measurements, Figure 8 The exemplary embodiments presented are for T liq and n d In terms of combination, it is superior to the best known comparative glass with the characteristics specified in Table 9.

[0316] Table 10: Comparative Examples of Glass Properties with Characteristics Specified in Tables 8 and 9

[0317]

[0318]

[0319]

[0320] Table 10 (continued)

[0321]

[0322]

[0323] In addition to high refractive index and low density, high transmittance in the blue light range is also desired for many applications. Glass with a high refractive index value for a given transmittance has an advantage over glass with a lower refractive index value for the same transmittance.

[0324] Figure 9 The transmittance index T is shown for some exemplary glasses and some comparative glasses. i (The transmittance in blue light is predicted and obtained from equation (IV)) and the refractive power parameter P ref (The relationship between the predicted refractive power and that obtained from Equation (II)) is shown in the diagram. Exemplary glasses (solid circles) are Examples 1 to 19, 21, 25 to 38, 41, 43, 48 to 61, 63 to 74, 76, 77, 80 to 105, 107 to 124, 126, 127, 130, 131 and 133 to 147 from Table 6. Comparative glasses (hollow circles) are Examples C14 to C23 from Table 7. Figure 9 All exemplary and comparative glass examples shown have the characteristics specified in Table 11. In Table 11, the term "no limitation" means that it is not considered a limitation when selecting the composition.

[0325] Table 11: Figure 9 Limitations of the glass composition shown

[0326]

[0327]

[0328] The comparative glass examples listed above were selected from known glasses that have the characteristics specified in Table 11, and have a comparable transmittance index T. i The parameter P has the highest refractive power in numerical cases. ref .

[0329] Figure 9 The lines shown, corresponding to the equation y = 0.269 - 0.12*x, provide visual distinction between comparative glass with the properties specified in Table 11 and exemplary glass 1 to 19, 21, 25 to 38, 41, 43, 48 to 61, 63 to 74, 76, 77, 80 to 105, 107 to 124, 126, 127, 130, 131, and 133 to 147. Figure 9 It can be seen that, Figure 9 The exemplary glass (solid circle) mentioned herein falls above the line y = 0.269 - 0.12*x, and there is no comparative example glass (hollow circle) falling above the line y = 0.269 - 0.12*x, where y corresponds to the refractive power parameter P. ref And x corresponds to the transmittance index Ti In other words, Figure 9 Some of the exemplary glasses presented satisfy the following equation (VIII)(a), and there is no comparative glass that satisfies the following equation (VIII)(a):

[0330] P ref -(0.269-0.12*T i >0.00 (VIII)(a)

[0331] from Figure 9 It can also be seen that, Figure 9 Some of the exemplary glass examples presented fall above the line y = 0.274 - 0.12 * x, and there is no comparative example glass falling above the line y = 0.274 - 0.12 * x, where y corresponds to the refractive power parameter P. ref And x corresponds to the transmittance index T i In other words, Figure 9 Some of the exemplary glasses presented satisfy the following equation (VIII)(b), and no comparative glass satisfies the following equation (VIII)(b):

[0332] P ref -(0.274-0.12*T i >0.00 (VIII)(b)

[0333] In terms of prediction, Figure 9 The exemplary embodiments presented are for T i and (n d -1) / d RT In terms of combination, it is superior to the best known comparative glass with the characteristics specified in Table 11.

[0334] Figure 10 The transmittance index T is shown for some exemplary glasses and some comparative glasses. i The ratio of refractive index to density (“refractive power”) (n) d -1) / d RT The relationship diagram is shown. Exemplary glass (solid circles) are Examples 1, 14, 21 and 25 from Table 6. Comparative glass (hollow circles) are Examples C15, C17 to C19, C22 and C24 to C28 from Table 7. Figure 10 All exemplary and comparative glass examples shown have the characteristics specified in Table 12. In Table 12, the term "no limitation" means that it is not considered a limitation when selecting the composition.

[0335] Table 12: Figure 10 Limitations of the glass composition shown

[0336]

[0337]

[0338] The comparative glass examples listed above were selected from known glasses that have the specified characteristics mentioned in Table 12, and have a comparable transmittance index T. i The ratio of refractive index to density that has the highest measured value in numerical cases (“refractive power”) (n d -1) / d RT .

[0339] Figure 10 The line shown, corresponding to the equation y = 0.269 - 0.12*x, provides a distinction between the comparative example glass with the characteristics specified in Table 12 and exemplary glasses 1, 14, 21, and 25. From Figure 10 It can be seen that, Figure 10 The exemplary glass (solid circle) presented in the example falls above the line y = 0.269 - 0.12 * x, and there is no comparative example glass (hollow circle) falling above the line y = 0.269 - 0.12 * x, where y corresponds to (n d -1) / d RT And x corresponds to T i In other words, Figure 10 Some of the exemplary glasses presented satisfy the following equation (IX)(a), and there is no comparative glass that satisfies the following equation (IX)(a):

[0340] (n d -1) / d RT -(0.269-0.12*T i )>0.00(IX)(a)

[0341] from Figure 10 It can also be seen that, Figure 10 Some exemplary glass examples presented above the line y = 0.274 - 0.12 * x are shown, and there is no comparative example of glass above the line y = 0.274 - 0.12 * x, where y corresponds to (n d -1) / d RT And x corresponds to T i In other words, Figure 10 The exemplary glass presented satisfies the following equation (IX)(b), and there is no comparative glass that satisfies the following equation (IX)(b):

[0342] (n d -1) / d RT -(0.274-0.12*T i >0.00(IX)(b)

[0343] Table 13: Comparative Examples of Glass Properties with Characteristics Specified in Tables 11 and 12

[0344]

[0345]

[0346]

[0347] According to measurements, Figure 10 The exemplary embodiments presented are for T i and (n d -1) / d RT In terms of combination, it is superior to the best known comparative glass with the characteristics specified in Table 12.

[0348] Table 13 (continued)

[0349]

[0350]

[0351]

[0352]

[0353] Figure 11 The density parameter P of some exemplary glasses and some comparative glasses is shown. d (Equation III) and refractive index parameter P n (Equation II) Relationship diagram. Exemplary glass (solid circles) are Examples 1 to 4, 18 to 21, 29, 30, 52, 53, 63 to 75, 77 to 105, 107 to 124, 126, 127, 130, 131 and 133 to 147 from Table 6. Comparative glass (hollow circles) are Examples C29 to C38 from Table 7. Figure 11 All exemplary and comparative glass examples shown have the characteristics specified in Table 14. In Table 14, the term "no limitation" means that it is not considered a limitation when selecting the composition.

[0354] Table 14: Figure 11 Limitations of the glass composition shown

[0355]

[0356]

[0357] The comparative glass examples listed above were selected from known glasses that have the characteristics specified in Table 14, and have a comparable density parameter P. dThe highest refractive index parameter P is obtained in the numerical case. n .

[0358] Figure 11 The lines shown corresponding to the equation y = 1.571 + 0.083*x provide a distinction between comparative example glasses with the properties specified in Table 14 and exemplary glasses 1 to 4, 18 to 21, 29, 30, 52, 53, 63 to 75, 77 to 105, 107 to 124, 126, 127, 130, 131, and 133 to 147. Figure 11 It can be seen that, Figure 11 The exemplary glass (solid circle) presented in the example falls above the line y = 1.571 + 0.083*x, and there is no comparative example glass (hollow circle) falling above the line y = 1.571 + 0.083*x, where y corresponds to the refractive index parameter P. n And x corresponds to the density parameter P. d In other words, Figure 11 Some of the exemplary glasses presented satisfy the following equation (X), and there are no comparative example glasses that satisfy the following equation (X):

[0359] P n -(1.571+0.083*P d )>0.00(X)

[0360] This means that, under the conditions specified in Table 14 above, some exemplary glasses, for example, for d RT and n d In terms of combination, it is superior to the best known comparative glass with the characteristics specified in Table 14.

[0361] Figure 12 Showing some exemplary glass and some comparative glass, d RT With n d The relationship diagram is shown. The exemplary glass (solid circle) is Example 1 from Table 6. The comparative glass (hollow circle) is Examples C3, C11, C35, and C38 to C44 from Table 7. Figure 12 All exemplary and comparative glass examples shown have the characteristics specified in Table 15. In Table 15, the term "no limitation" means that it is not considered a limitation when selecting the composition.

[0362] Table 15: Figure 12 Limitations of the glass composition shown

[0363] quantity unit Minimum Maximum value <![CDATA[WO3]]> mole% 1 40 <![CDATA[ZrO2]]> mole% 0.3 20 <![CDATA[B2O3]]> mole% 0 40 <![CDATA[La2O3]]> mole% 0 35 <![CDATA[Bi2O3]]> mole% 0 35 ZnO mole% 0 35 <![CDATA[Ta2O5]]> mole% 0 25 <![CDATA[Al2O3]]> mole% 0 10 <![CDATA[ThO2]]> mole% 0 10 <![CDATA[TeO2]]> mole% 0 10 <![CDATA[V2O5]]> mole% 0 5 <![CDATA[RE2O3+ZrO2+TiO2+Nb2O5+WO3]]> mole% 10 No restrictions <![CDATA[TiO2+Nb2O5]]> mole% 0 35 <![CDATA[SiO2+GeO2]]> mole% 0 4.8 <![CDATA[B2O3+SiO2-P2O5]]> mole% 0.5 No restrictions <![CDATA[T g ]]> ℃ 500 700 <![CDATA[d RT ]]> <![CDATA[g / cm 3 ]]> No restrictions 6 <![CDATA[n d ]]> 0 No restrictions

[0364] The comparative glass examples listed above were selected from known glasses having the characteristics specified in Table 15, and having a comparable d RTIn numerical cases, n has the highest measured value. d Numeric value.

[0365] Figure 12 The line shown, corresponding to the equation y = 1.571 + 0.083*x, provides a distinction between the comparative example glass and the exemplary glass, both exhibiting the characteristics specified in Table 15. From... Figure 12 It can be seen that, Figure 12 The exemplary glass (solid circle) mentioned in the text falls above the line y = 1.571 + 0.083*x, and there is no comparative example glass (hollow circle) falling above the line y = 1.571 + 0.083*x, where y corresponds to n. d And x corresponds to d RT In other words, Figure 12 Some of the exemplary glasses presented satisfy the following equation (XI), and there are no comparative example glasses that satisfy the following equation (XI):

[0366] n d -(1.571+0.083*d RT )>0.00 (XI)

[0367] This means that, under the conditions specified in Table 15 above, based on measurements, some exemplary glasses for d RT and n d In terms of combination, it is superior to the best known comparative glass with the characteristics specified in Table 15.

[0368] Table 16: Comparative Examples of Glass Properties with Characteristics Specified in Tables 14 and 15

[0369]

[0370]

[0371]

[0372] Table 16 (continued)

[0373]

[0374]

[0375]

[0376] Table 16 (continued)

[0377]

[0378]

[0379] Figure 13The exemplary glass 1 according to this disclosure shows the total transmittance τ at wavelengths from 350 nm to approximately 500 nm. Prior to testing, the sample was bleached at 650°C for 90 hours. Before bleaching, the glass was heated from room temperature at a rate of approximately 4°C / min. After bleaching, the glass was cooled to room temperature at a rate of approximately 2°C / min. The sample was obtained from a glass sample with a thickness of 10 mm. Figure 13 The total transmittance τ data are shown. From... Figure 13 As can be seen, exemplary glass 1 provides a total transmittance τ = 70% at a wavelength λ = 439 nm.

[0380] According to the first aspect, the glass contains multiple components, and the composition of the glass includes: WO3 greater than or equal to 3.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol%; TiO2 greater than or equal to 0.3 mol% and less than or equal to 50.0 mol%; Nb2O5 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 50.0 mol%; Bi2O3 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%; TeO2 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol%; PbO greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 3.0 mol%; MoO3 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 1.0 mol%; V2O5 greater than or equal to 0.0 atomic% and less than... The glass may contain 5.0 atomic% F, 0.0 atomic% and less than or equal to 1.0 atomic% Cl, 0.0 atomic% and less than or equal to 1.0 atomic% Br, 0.0 atomic% and less than or equal to 1.0 atomic% I, 0.6 mol% and less than or equal to 60.0 mol% TiO2+Nb2O5, and may optionally contain one or more components selected from the group consisting of: Al2O3, B2O3, BaO, CaO, Gd2O3, GeO2, K2O, La2O3, Li2O, MgO, Na2O, P2O5, SiO2, SrO, Ta2O5, Y2O3, Yb2O3, ZnO and ZrO2, wherein the glass has a liquidus temperature T greater than or equal to 850°C and less than or equal to 1350°C. liq And the glass satisfies the following condition: 1.92 ≤ P n ≤2.08 and P n -(1.437+0.0005*T liq )>0.00, where P n It is the refractive index parameter, calculated as the molar percentage of the components in the glass composition according to the following equation (II):

[0381] P n=-0.0051086*Al2O3-0.0049247*B2O3-0.00034289*BaO+0.0086552*Bi2O3-0.0014511*CaO+0.0047429*Gd2O3-0. 0033126*GeO2-0.0049544*K2O+0.0045475*La2O3-0.0023329*Li2O-0.0026561*MgO-0.0035925*Na2O+0.0071165* Nb2O5-0.0075074*P2O5+0.0015814*PbO-0.0043959*SiO2-0.00086373*SrO+0.0045915*Ta2O5-0.0015272*TeO2+ 0.0020281*TiO2+0.0012709*WO3+0.0025878*Y2O3+0.0048156*Yb2O3-0.00047962*ZnO+0.00090073*ZrO2+1.955, (II)

[0382] In the formula, the symbol "*" represents the multiplication sign.

[0383] According to aspect 30, the glass contains multiple components, and the composition of the glass includes: greater than or equal to 7.5 mol% and less than or equal to 28.0 mol% TiO2, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol% B2O3, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol% and less than or equal to 19.5 mol% Nb2O5, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol% WO3, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol% La2O3, and greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol%. %Gd₂O₃, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%; Bi₂O₃, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%; ZrO₂, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%; TeO₂, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 13.5 mol%; SiO₂, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%; Al₂O₃, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%; ThO₂, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%. 10.0 mol% GeO2, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol% Ta2O5, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol% PbO, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 1.0 mol% V2O5, greater than or equal to 0.0 atom% and less than or equal to 5.0 atom% F, greater than or equal to 0.0 atom% and less than or equal to 1.0 atom% Cl, greater than or equal to 0.0 atom% and less than or equal to 1.0 atom% Br, greater than or equal to 0.0 atom% and less than or equal to 1.0 atom% I, The composition of the glass is greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% RE₂O₃+ZrO₂+TiO₂+Nb₂O₅+WO₃, less than or equal to 40.0 mol% WO₃+TiO₂, less than or equal to 35.0 mol% TiO₂+Nb₂O₅, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol% R₂O+RO, and optionally contains P₂O₅, wherein the composition satisfies the following conditions: TiO₂-SiO₂ [mol%] ≥ 7.5 and B₂O₃+SiO₂-P₂O₅ [mol%] ≥ 0.00, and the glass satisfies the following condition: 1.9 ≤ P n ≤2.1 and P ref -(0.269-0.12*T i )>0.00, where P n It is the refractive index parameter, calculated as the molar percentage of the components in the glass composition according to the following equation (II):

[0384] P n=-0.0051086*Al2O3-0.0049247*B2O3-0.00034289*BaO+0.0086552*Bi2O3-0.0014511*CaO+0.0047429*Gd2O3-0. 0033126*GeO2-0.0049544*K2O+0.0045475*La2O3-0.0023329*Li2O-0.0026561*MgO-0.0035925*Na2O+0.0071165* Nb2O5-0.0075074*P2O5+0.0015814*PbO-0.0043959*SiO2-0.00086373*SrO+0.0045915*Ta2O5-0.0015272*TeO2+ 0.0020281*TiO2+0.0012709*WO3+0.0025878*Y2O3+0.0048156*Yb2O3-0.00047962*ZnO+0.00090073*ZrO2+1.955, (II)

[0385] P ref It is a refractive power parameter, calculated as a mole percent of the components in the glass composition according to the following equation (IV):

[0386] P ref (cm 3 / g)=0.000087034*SiO2-0.00012035*B2O3-0.0012566*La2O3+0.0011411*TiO2-0.00031654*ZnO+0.000088066*CaO+0.0020444*Nb2O5-0.00023383*MgO-0.00086501*BaO-0.0004486*WO3-0.0014114*Gd2O3-0.00023872*Y 2O3-0.00031575*Ta2O5+0.00011894*Li2O+0.00027178*Al2O3-0.000099802*Na2O-0.00028391*GeO2-0.0003 0531*SrO-0.00072061*Bi2O3-0.0010964*Yb2O3+0.00022839*K2O-0.00086617*PbO+0.00027129*TeO2+0.198, (IV)

[0387] In the formula, RE2O3 is the sum of trivalent rare earth metal oxides, R2O is the sum of monovalent metal oxides, RO is the sum of divalent metal oxides, and the asterisk (*) represents the multiplication sign.

[0388] According to aspect 58, the glass comprises a variety of components, and the composition of the glass includes: WO3 greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol%; ZrO2 greater than or equal to 0.3 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%; B2O3 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol%; La2O3 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol%; Bi2O3 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol%; ZnO greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol%; Ta2O5 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol%; and [other components not specified in the original text]. The composition may contain 0.0 mol% ThO2, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol% TeO2, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol% V2O5, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% RE2O3+ZrO2+TiO2+Nb2O5+WO3, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol% TiO2+Nb2O5, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 4.8 mol% SiO2+GeO2, and optionally contains one or more components selected from the group consisting of: P2O5, BaO, CaO, K2O, Li2O, MgO, Na2O, PbO, and SrO, wherein the composition satisfies the following condition: B2O3+SiO2-P2O5 [mol%] ≥ 0.50, and the glass satisfies the following condition: 500 ≤ P Tg ≤700, P d <6.0 and P n -(1.571+0.083*P d )>0.00, where P n It is the refractive index parameter, calculated in mol% of the glass composition according to the following equation (II):

[0389] P n=-0.0051086*Al2O3-0.0049247*B2O3-0.00034289*BaO+0.0086552*Bi2O3-0.0014511*CaO+0.0047429*Gd2O3-0. 0033126*GeO2-0.0049544*K2O+0.0045475*La2O3-0.0023329*Li2O-0.0026561*MgO-0.0035925*Na2O+0.0071165* Nb2O5-0.0075074*P2O5+0.0015814*PbO-0.0043959*SiO2-0.00086373*SrO+0.0045915*Ta2O5-0.0015272*TeO2+ 0.0020281*TiO2+0.0012709*WO3+0.0025878*Y2O3+0.0048156*Yb2O3-0.00047962*ZnO+0.00090073*ZrO2+1.955, (II)

[0390] P d The density parameter is calculated as the molar percentage of the components in the glass composition according to the following equation (III):

[0391] P d (g / cm 3 )=4.95-0.036300*Al2O3-0.028364*B2O3+0.010786*BaO+0.077280*Bi2O3-0.0047086*CaO+0.0609 89*Er2O3+0.067356*Gd2O3-0.024973*K2O+0.050388*La2O3-0.015411*Li2O-0.014318*Na2O-0.00 16283*Nb2O5+0.078354*Nd2O3-0.045034*P2O5+0.037463*PbO-0.026153*SiO2-0.0079191*TeO2-0 .015844*TiO2+0.020220*WO3+0.016362*Y2O3+0.058765*Yb2O3+0.0086588*ZnO+0.0043754*ZrO2, (III)

[0392] P Tg It is T g The parameters, expressed as molar percentages of the components in the glass composition, are calculated according to the following equation (V):

[0393] P Tg(℃)=595.358-0.63217*B2O3-0.46552*SiO2+1.1849*TiO2+0.59610*Nb2O5-1.6293*WO3+1.3877*ZrO2+4.4090*La2O3+4.1695*Y2O3- 5.0756*Bi2O3+0.55630*CaO-5.3892*PbO-4.2774*TeO2+1.8497*Al2O3-0.40659*GeO2-1.7011*ZnO-4.1520*Li2O+3.0777*Gd2O3, (V)

[0394] In the formula, RE2O3 is the sum of trivalent rare earth metal oxides, and the asterisk (*) represents the multiplication sign.

[0395] Many changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described above in this disclosure without significantly departing from the spirit and principles of this disclosure. All such changes and modifications are intended to be included herein, fall within the scope of this disclosure, and are protected by the appended claims.

[0396] Within the scope not yet described, different features of various aspects of this disclosure may be combined and used as needed. A particular feature not explicitly shown or described in any aspect of this disclosure is not to be construed as being impermissible, but rather as being done for the sake of brevity and conciseness of description. Thus, various features of different aspects may be mixed and matched as needed to form new aspects, whether or not the new aspects are explicitly disclosed.

Claims

1. A glass comprising multiple components, the glass having the following composition, comprising: WO3 with a content greater than or equal to 3.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol% Greater than or equal to 0.3 mol% and less than or equal to 50.0 mol% TiO2, Greater than or equal to 0.3 mol% and less than or equal to 50.0 mol% Nb₂O₅, Bi₂O₃ with a content greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%. Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol% TeO2, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol% PbO, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 3.0 mol% of MoO3, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 1.0 mol% V₂O₅, Greater than or equal to 0.0 atomic percent and less than or equal to 5.0 atomic percent F, Greater than or equal to 0.0 atomic% and less than or equal to 1.0 atomic% Cl, Br that is greater than or equal to 0.0 atomic% and less than or equal to 1.0 atomic% Greater than or equal to 0.0 atomic percent and less than or equal to 1.0 atomic percent I, Greater than or equal to 0.6 mol% and less than or equal to 60.0 mol% TiO2+Nb2O5, and Optionally includes one or more components selected from the group consisting of: Al₂O₃, B₂O₃, BaO, CaO, Gd₂O₃, GeO₂, K₂O, La₂O₃, Li₂O, MgO, Na₂O, P₂O₅, SiO₂, SrO, Ta₂O₅, Y₂O₃, Yb₂O₃, ZnO, and ZrO₂. in, Glass has the following characteristics: Liquidus temperature T greater than or equal to 850℃ and less than or equal to 1350℃ liq , And among them, the glass satisfies the following conditions: 1.92≤P n ≤2.08 and P n -(1.437+0.0005*T liq )>0.00, In the formula, P n It is the refractive index parameter, calculated as the molar percentage of the components in the glass composition according to the following equation (II): P n =-0.0051086*Al2O3-0.0049247*B2O3-0.00034289*BaO+0.0086552*Bi2O3-0.0014511*CaO+0.0047429*Gd2O3-0.0033126*GeO2-0.0049544*K2O+0.0045475*La2O3-0.0023329*Li2O-0.0026561*MgO-0.0035925*Na2O+0.0071165*Nb 2O5-0.0075074*P2O5+0.0015814*PbO-0.0043959*SiO2-0.00086373*SrO+0.0045915*Ta2O5-0.0015272*TeO2+0.0020281*TiO2+0.0012709*WO3+0.0025878*Y2O3+0.0048156*Yb2O3-0.00047962*ZnO+0.00090073*ZrO2+1.955,(II) In the formula, the symbol * represents the multiplication sign.

2. The glass as claimed in claim 1, wherein, Glass has the following characteristics: The refractive index n at 587.56 nm is greater than or equal to 1.92 and less than or equal to 2.

08. d ,as well as Among them, the glass satisfies the following conditions: n d -(1.437+0.0005*T liq )>0.00。 3. The glass as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The components include: Greater than or equal to 0.3 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol% ZrO2, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol% ZnO, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol% of P2O5, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol% GeO2, Less than or equal to 17.0 mol% TiO2+Nb2O5+ZrO2, and in, In mol% terms, the composition of the components satisfies the following conditions: 0≤B2O3+SiO2-P2O5≤40.

4. The glass as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The components include: Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol% Y₂O₃ Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol% Ta₂O₅, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol% TeO2, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 0.5 mol% GeO2, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 0.5 mol% PbO, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 0.2 mol% of As₂O₃, and Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 0.2 mol% of Sb₂O₃ And its component composition Essentially free of fluorine and It contains virtually no V2O5.

5. A glass comprising multiple components, the glass having a composition comprising: greater than or equal to 7.5 mol% and less than or equal to 28.0 mol% TiO2, Greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol% of B2O3, Greater than or equal to 0.3 mol% and less than or equal to 19.5 mol% Nb₂O₅, WO3 with a content greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol% Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol% of La2O3, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol% of Gd₂O₃, Bi₂O₃ with a content greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol%. Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol% ZrO2, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol% TeO2, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 13.5 mol% SiO2, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol% Al2O3, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol% ThO2, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol% GeO2, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol% Ta₂O₅, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol% PbO, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 1.0 mol% V₂O₅, Greater than or equal to 0.0 atomic percent and less than or equal to 5.0 atomic percent F, Greater than or equal to 0.0 atomic% and less than or equal to 1.0 atomic% Cl, Br that is greater than or equal to 0.0 atomic% and less than or equal to 1.0 atomic% Greater than or equal to 0.0 atomic percent and less than or equal to 1.0 atomic percent I, Greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% RE2O3+ZrO2+TiO2+Nb2O5+WO3 Less than or equal to 40.0 mol% WO3+TiO2, Less than or equal to 35.0 mol% TiO2+Nb2O5, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol% R2O+RO, and optionally containing P2O5, in, In mol% terms, the composition of the components satisfies the following conditions: TiO2-SiO2≥7.5 and B2O3+SiO2-P2O5≥0.00, And among them, the glass satisfies the following conditions: 1.9≤P n ≤2.1 and P ref -(0.269-0.12*T i )>0.00, In the formula, P n It is the refractive index parameter, calculated as the molar percentage of the components in the glass composition according to the following equation (II): P n =-0.0051086*Al2O3-0.0049247*B2O3-0.00034289*BaO+0.0086552*Bi2O3-0.0014511*CaO+0.0047429*Gd2O3-0.0033126*GeO2-0.0049544*K2O+0.0045475*La2O3-0.0023329*Li2O-0.0026561*MgO-0.0035925*Na2O+0.0071165*Nb 2O5-0.0075074*P2O5+0.0015814*PbO-0.0043959*SiO2-0.00086373*SrO+0.0045915*Ta2O5-0.0015272*TeO2+0.0020281*TiO2+0.0012709*WO3+0.0025878*Y2O3+0.0048156*Yb2O3-0.00047962*ZnO+0.00090073*ZrO2+1.955,(II) P ref It is a parameter of refractive power, and its unit is cm. 3 / g, calculated as the molar percentage of the components in the glass composition according to the following equation (IV): P ref =0.000087034*SiO2-0.00012035*B2O3-0.0012566*La2O3+0.0011411*TiO2-0.00031654*ZnO+0.000088066*CaO+0.0020444*Nb2O5-0.00023383*MgO-0.00086501*BaO-0.0004486*WO3-0.0014114*Gd2O3-0.00023872*Y2O3 -0.00031575*Ta2O5+0.00011894*Li2O+0.00027178*Al2O3-0.000099802*Na2O-0.00028391*GeO2-0.00030531*SrO-0.00072061*Bi2O3-0.0010964*Yb2O3+0.00022839*K2O-0.00086617*PbO+0.00027129*TeO2+0.198,(IV) In the formula, RE2O3 is the sum of trivalent rare earth metal oxides, R2O is the sum of monovalent metal oxides, RO is the sum of divalent metal oxides, and the asterisk * represents the multiplication sign.

6. The glass as claimed in claim 5, wherein, Glass has the following characteristics: The refractive index n at 587.56 nm is greater than or equal to 1.9 and less than or equal to 2.

1. d ,as well as Among them, the glass satisfies the following conditions: (n d -1) / d RT -(0.269-0.12*T i )>0.00, In the formula, d RT This is the density at room temperature, and its unit is g / cm³. 3 , T i It is the transmittance index value, calculated as the mole percent of the components in the glass composition according to the following equation: T i =(La2O3+Gd2O3+ZrO2+WO3) / (La2O3+Gd2O3+ZrO2+WO3+TiO2+Nb2O5)。 7. The glass as claimed in claim 5, wherein, The components include: Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol% Y₂O₃ Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol% Ta₂O₅, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol% TeO2, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 0.5 mol% GeO2, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 0.5 mol% PbO, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 0.2 mol% of As₂O₃, and Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 0.2 mol% of Sb₂O₃ And its component composition Essentially free of fluorine and It contains virtually no V2O5.

8. A glass comprising multiple components, the glass having the following composition, comprising: WO3 with a content greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol% Greater than or equal to 0.3 mol% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol% ZrO2, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol% of B2O3, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol% of La2O3, Bi₂O₃ with a content greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol%. Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol% ZnO, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol% Ta₂O₅, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol% Al2O3, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol% ThO2, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol% TeO2, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol% V₂O₅, Greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% RE2O3+ZrO2+TiO2+Nb2O5+WO3 Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol% TiO2+Nb2O5, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 4.8 mol% SiO2 + GeO2 Optionally includes one or more components selected from the group consisting of: P2O5, BaO, CaO, K2O, Li2O, MgO, Na2O, PbO, and SrO. in, In mol% terms, the composition of the components satisfies the following conditions: B2O3+SiO2-P2O5≥0.50, And among them, the glass satisfies the following conditions: 500℃≤P Tg ≤700℃， P d <6.0g / cm 3 as well as P n -(1.571+0.083*P d )>0.00, In the formula, P n It is the refractive index parameter, calculated as the molar percentage of the components in the glass composition according to the following equation (II): P n =-0.0051086*Al2O3-0.0049247*B2O3-0.00034289*BaO+0.0086552*Bi2O3-0.0014511*CaO+0.0047429*Gd2O3-0.0033126*GeO2-0.0049544*K2O+0.0045475*La2O3-0.0023329*Li2O-0.0026561*MgO-0.0035925*Na2O+0.0071165*Nb 2O5-0.0075074*P2O5+0.0015814*PbO-0.0043959*SiO2-0.00086373*SrO+0.0045915*Ta2O5-0.0015272*TeO2+0.0020281*TiO2+0.0012709*WO3+0.0025878*Y2O3+0.0048156*Yb2O3-0.00047962*ZnO+0.00090073*ZrO2+1.955,(II) P d It is a density parameter, and its unit is g / cm³. 3 The molar percentage of the components in the glass composition is calculated according to the following equation (III): P d =4.95-0.036300*Al2O3-0.028364*B2O3+0.010786*BaO+0.077280*Bi2O3-0.0047086*CaO+0.060989 *Er2O3+0.067356*Gd2O3-0.024973*K2O+0.050388*La2O3-0.015411*Li2O-0.014318*Na2O-0.00162 83*Nb2O5+0.078354*Nd2O3-0.045034*P2O5+0.037463*PbO-0.026153*SiO2-0.0079191*TeO2-0.015 844*TiO2+0.020220*WO3+0.016362*Y2O3+0.058765*Yb2O3+0.0086588*ZnO+0.0043754*ZrO2,(III) P Tg It is T g The parameter, in °C, is calculated as the mole percent of the components of the glass composition according to the following equation (V): P Tg =595.358-0.63217*B2O3-0.46552*SiO2+1.1849*TiO2+0.59610*Nb2O5-1.6293*WO3+1.3877*ZrO2+4.4090*La2O3+4.1695*Y2O3-5.0756*Bi2O3+0.55630*CaO-5.3892*PbO-4.2774*TeO2+1.8497*Al2O3-0.40659*GeO2-1.7011*ZnO-4.1520*Li2O+3.0777*Gd2O3,(V) In the formula, RE2O3 is the sum of trivalent rare earth metal oxides, and the asterisk * represents the multiplication sign.

9. The glass as claimed in claim 8, wherein, Glass has the following characteristics: Glass transition temperature T greater than or equal to 500℃ and less than or equal to 700℃ g and less than or equal to 6.0 g / cm³ 3 room temperature density d RT ,as well as in, Glass must meet the following conditions: n d -(1.571+0.083*d RT )>0.00, In the formula, n d It is the refractive index at 587.56 nm.

10. The glass as claimed in claim 8, wherein, The components include: Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol% Ta₂O₅, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol% TeO2, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 0.5 mol% GeO2, Greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 0.5 mol% PbO, As₂O₃ with a content greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 0.2 mol%, and Sb₂O₃ with a content greater than or equal to 0.0 mol% and less than or equal to 0.2 mol%, And its component composition Essentially free of fluorine and It contains virtually no V2O5.

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