Growth regulator for increasing the yield of moringa oleifera and its application

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of crop production and specifically discloses a growth regulator for improving the yield of moringa oleifera and application, which comprises the following components: amidoxybenzoic acid ester 10-18 mg / L, salicylic acid 20 mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 400-500 mg / L, boric acid 3-3.5 mg / L, EDTA-Mn 25.0-30.0 mg / L, EDTA-Zn 3.5-4.0 mg / L, EDTA-Fe 1.0-1.5 g / L, EDTA-Mo 1.5-2.2 mg / L and EDTA-MgNa2 10.0-15.0 mg / L. The application greatly promotes the photosynthesis of the moringa oleifera, enhances the absorption of water and fertilizer by the plant and significantly improves the yield of tender leaves and tender shoots of the moringa oleifera by selecting and matching the effective plant growth promoter amidoxybenzoic acid ester and then configuring part of macroelements and microelements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural production technology, specifically relating to a growth regulator for increasing Moringa yield and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.), also known as the drumstick tree, miracle tree, and milk tree, is a tropical deciduous tree belonging to the genus Moringa in the family Moringaceae. It is a newly emerging multifunctional plant in tropical and subtropical regions, native to India and Africa, and mainly distributed in countries such as Kenya, the Philippines, Malaysia, Cuba, and Tanzania. In my country, it is mainly distributed in Yunnan, Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, and Fujian provinces. Moringa prefers sunlight, has a very long taproot, and thrives at temperatures between 25 and 35°C. It is heat-tolerant, tolerant of poor soil, fast-growing, and highly adaptable.

[0003] Moringa is primarily harvested for its tender branches, leaves, flowers, young pods, and kernels. Rich in nutrients, it's often called a "21st-century bodyguard." The leaves and shoots are particularly rich in nutrients: vitamin C is six times that of citrus fruits, vitamin A is four times that of carrots, calcium and protein are four times and two times that of milk, respectively, potassium is ten times that of bananas, iron is four times that of spinach, and zinc and magnesium content are significantly higher than other vegetables and fruits. From widespread practical applications to recent research, moringa has proven to be a well-known source of plant protein, vitamin A, folic acid, pantothenic acid, calcium, iron, and other nutrients. It can help avoid excessive fat and energy intake, reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. Moringa leaves are highly nutritious, and for modern people who are increasingly health-conscious, moringa leaf products have a promising market.

[0004] In 2014, the Yunnan Honghe Tropical Agricultural Research Institute introduced an improved variety of Moringa, PKM1, from the Yunnan Tropical Crops Research Institute. This improved variety is characterized by rapid growth and tender, flavorful shoots. During the trial planting, it was found that Moringa seeds had a low seed setting rate and low yield after one year of cultivation. Therefore, in the hot and humid river valleys, the focus was on producing fresh leaves and shoots. Moringa grows rapidly, and shoots can be harvested in the same year of planting. Furthermore, Moringa leaves and shoots are rich in nutrients, making them a promising seasonal vegetable. However, during greenhouse cultivation, the rapid growth of Moringa plants led to high nutrient consumption. Repeated harvesting resulted in a reduced shoot emergence rate. Especially after one year of rapid growth and multiple harvests, Moringa depletes its nutrients, requiring timely replenishment to prevent reduced fresh leaf yield and quality. Therefore, appropriate control measures are needed to ensure high and stable yields of Moringa fresh leaves. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a growth regulator to address the problems existing in the prior art. To achieve the above objective, this invention provides the following technical solution: A growth regulator for increasing Moringa yield comprises the following components: amino acid ester 10-18 mg / L, salicylic acid 20 mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 400-500 mg / L, boric acid 3-3.5 mg / L, EDTA-Mn 25.0-30.0 mg / L, EDTA-Zn 3.5-4.0 mg / L, EDTA-Fe 1.0-1.5 g / L, EDTA-Mo 1.5-2.2 mg / L. EDTA -MgNa2 10.0~15.0mg / L.

[0006] Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for applying the growth regulator that improves Moringa yield, comprising the following steps: applying it once within 7-10 days after each harvest of Moringa shoots from March to October of the same year, before 10 a.m. or after 5 p.m.

[0007] Furthermore, when using, add 1% Tween 80 by weight, mix well, and then spray.

[0008] Furthermore, the method for preparing the regulator includes the following steps: S1: Dissolve aminoethyl ester in 95% ethanol and dilute with water to prepare a high-concentration stock solution for later use; S2: Take the corresponding amounts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, EDTA-Mn, EDTA-Zn, EDTA-Fe, and EDTA-Mo, respectively. EDTA - Dissolve MgNa2 in water, add salicylic acid, and prepare all components to the appropriate concentration for use. Then add 1% Tween 80 and mix well. Use within one week after preparation.

[0009] Preferably, the amount of the regulator applied is 80-100 kg per mu, the planting density of Moringa is 50cm×50cm, the stem cutting height is 50cm, and the Moringa is edible Moringa.

[0010] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention, by selecting and combining effective plant growth promoters such as aminoethyl ester, and further configuring some macro- and micro-elements, greatly promotes the photosynthesis of Moringa, enhances the plant's absorption of water and fertilizer, significantly increases the yield of Moringa fresh leaves and tender shoots, and through testing, the quality is also significantly improved when using the regulator of this invention, with the average total flavonoid content reaching 4.12%.

[0011] 2. The regulator used in this invention has been experimentally tested to determine the effective concentration range for Moringa. Excessive use will cause phytotoxicity, manifested as hormonal imbalance in the plant, thereby inhibiting plant growth, further accelerating plant senescence, and thus reducing yield.

[0012] 3. In the initial design of this invention, considering that Moringa plants are wounded after harvesting and pruning, making them susceptible to pests and diseases, we attempted to add salicylic acid to the regulator to further induce plant resistance and increase plant resistance, thereby increasing yield. Considering that excessive use of salicylic acid would inhibit the secretion of auxin in the plant, we used a low concentration of salicylic acid for the trial, which achieved significant results. In particular, the total flavonoid content was further increased after the addition of salicylic acid.

[0013] 4. By using the regulator of the present invention, the photosynthesis of plants is increased, thereby improving the quality of plants, which is manifested in a significant increase in soluble sugars, proteins and total flavonoids. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, conditions are performed under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Reagents or instruments used, unless otherwise specified, are all commercially available products. Percentages in the embodiments are expressed as weight percentages, i.e., mass fractions. Example 1

[0015] A growth regulator for increasing Moringa yield comprises the following components: amino acid ester 15 mg / L, salicylic acid 20 mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 500 mg / L, boric acid 3.5 mg / L, EDTA-Mn 25.0 mg / L, EDTA-Zn 3.5 mg / L, EDTA-Fe 1.5 g / L, EDTA-Mo 1.5 mg / L, ... EDTA -MgNa2 10.0 mg / L.

[0016] Apply once within 7-10 days after each harvest of Moringa shoots (when the shoots have grown to about 5cm) between March and October of the same year, before 10:00 AM or after 5:00 PM. When using, add 1% Tween 80 by weight, mix thoroughly, and then spray. The preparation method for the regulator includes the following steps: S1: Dissolve aminoethyl ester in 95% ethanol and dilute with water to prepare a high-concentration stock solution for later use; S2: Take the corresponding amounts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, EDTA-Mn, EDTA-Zn, EDTA-Fe, and EDTA-Mo, respectively. EDTA - Dissolve MgNa2 in water, add salicylic acid, and prepare all components to the appropriate concentration for use. Then add 1% Tween 80 and mix well. Use within one week after preparation.

[0017] The cultivated variety is Moringa PKM-1, with a growth regulator application rate of 80 kg per mu. The planting density of Moringa is 50cm×50cm, and the trunk cutting height is 50cm. Other daily management can refer to the "Standard Operating Procedures for Standardized Cultivation Technology of Moringa". The total flavonoid content was determined according to SN / T4592—2016 "Determination of Total Flavonoids in Export Food". After spraying and harvesting, the average total flavonoid content of fresh leaves was 3.63% and the average total flavonoid content of tender shoots was 2.71% based on dried products. Example 2

[0018] A growth regulator for increasing Moringa yield comprises the following components: amino acid ester 18 mg / L, salicylic acid 20 mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 400 mg / L, boric acid 3 mg / L, EDTA-Mn 30.0 mg / L, EDTA-Zn 4.0 mg / L, EDTA-Fe 1.0 g / L, EDTA-Mo 2.2 mg / L, EDTA -MgNa2 15.0 mg / L.

[0019] Apply once within 7-10 days after each harvest of Moringa shoots (when the shoots have grown to about 5cm) between March and October of the same year, before 10:00 AM or after 5:00 PM. When using, add 1% Tween 80 by weight, mix thoroughly, and then spray. The preparation method for the regulator includes the following steps: S1: Dissolve aminoethyl ester in 95% ethanol and dilute with water to prepare a high-concentration stock solution for later use; S2: Take the corresponding amounts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, EDTA-Mn, EDTA-Zn, EDTA-Fe, and EDTA-Mo, respectively. EDTA - Dissolve MgNa2 in water, add salicylic acid, and prepare all components to the appropriate concentration for use. Then add 1% Tween 80 and mix well. Use within one week after preparation.

[0020] The cultivated variety is edible Moringa PKM-1. The amount of regulator applied is 100 kg per mu. The planting density of Moringa is 50cm×50cm, and the trunk cutting height is 50cm. Other daily management can refer to the "Standard Operating Procedures for Standardized Cultivation Technology of Moringa". The total flavonoid content was determined according to SN / T 4592—2016 "Determination of Total Flavonoids in Export Food". After spraying and harvesting, the average total flavonoid content of fresh leaves was 3.75% and the average total flavonoid content of tender shoots was 2.82% based on dried products. Example 3

[0021] A growth regulator for increasing Moringa yield comprises the following components: amino acid ester 16 mg / L, salicylic acid 20 mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 450 mg / L, boric acid 3 mg / L, EDTA-Mn 30.0 mg / L, EDTA-Zn 3.5 mg / L, EDTA-Fe 1.2 g / L, EDTA-Mo 2.0 mg / L, EDTA -MgNa2 12.0 mg / L.

[0022] Apply once within 7-10 days after each harvest of Moringa shoots (when the shoots have grown to about 5cm) between March and October of the same year, before 10:00 AM or after 5:00 PM. When using, add 1% Tween 80 by weight, mix thoroughly, and then spray. The preparation method for the regulator includes the following steps: S1: Dissolve aminoethyl ester in 95% ethanol and dilute with water to prepare a high-concentration stock solution for later use; S2: Take the corresponding amounts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, EDTA-Mn, EDTA-Zn, EDTA-Fe, and EDTA-Mo, respectively. EDTA - Dissolve MgNa2 in water, add salicylic acid, and prepare all components to the appropriate concentration for use. Then add 1% Tween 80 and mix well. Use within one week after preparation.

[0023] The cultivated variety is edible Moringa PKM-1. The amount of regulator applied is 90 kg per mu. The planting density of Moringa is 50cm×50cm, and the trunk cutting height is 50cm. Other daily management can refer to the "Standard Operating Procedures for Standardized Cultivation Technology of Moringa". The total flavonoid content was determined according to SN / T4592—2016 "Determination of Total Flavonoids in Export Food". After spraying and harvesting, the average total flavonoid content of fresh leaves was 4.12% and the average total flavonoid content of tender shoots was 2.98% based on dried products.

[0024] 1. Overview of the test site The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Moringa base of the Institute of Tropical Ecological Agriculture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The soil in the greenhouse was sandy loam with similar fertility: organic matter 26.4 g / kg, hydrolyzable nitrogen 126.1 mg / kg, available phosphorus 15 mg / kg, available potassium 197 mg / kg, and pH 4.80.

[0025] 2. Test materials Moringa tested: One-year-old PKM-1 moringa plants were planted by digging planting trenches, applying base fertilizer, and planting in raised beds with a spacing of 50cm×50cm. In the year prior to the experiment, the plants were treated with 50cm trunk cutting and then managed conventionally.

[0026] 3. Test methods The experiment consisted of 5 treatments: CK: No regulator applied; T1: Regulator with aminoethyl ester at 0 mg / L and salicylic acid at 0 mg / L under the conditions of Regulator formulation in Example 1; T2: A regulator with an amino acid concentration of 10 mg / L and a salicylic acid concentration of 0 mg / L, as specified in Example 1; T3: A regulator with an amino acid concentration of 15 mg / L and a salicylic acid concentration of 0 mg / L, as specified in Example 1; T4: A regulator with an amino acid concentration of 20 mg / L and a salicylic acid concentration of 0 mg / L, as specified in Example 1; T5: A regulator with an amino acid concentration of 15 mg / L and a salicylic acid concentration of 20 mg / L, as specified in Example 1; Each treatment had 3 replicates, with 10 plants per replicate, randomly arranged. Plants of uniform growth and consistent water and fertilizer management were maintained throughout the experiment, which ran from May to October 2022. Moringa plants were sprayed with the first growth regulator on May 5th, at a rate of 80 kg per acre per application. On May 20th, when the shoots were about 30 cm long, the number of shoots was counted, and fresh Moringa leaves (including petioles) and tender shoots were harvested. Each harvest was followed by pruning. To prevent moisture loss, the tender shoots and leaves were immediately weighed on an electronic balance and recorded to an accuracy of 0.01 g.

[0027] On May 28 (8 days after shoot harvesting), when the new shoots grew to about 5cm, a second spraying was carried out. On June 12, the number of shoots and the number of shoots harvested were investigated for the second time. Sampling was carried out on June 30, July 20, August 12, September 1, September 22 and October 13, for a total of 8 samplings. After each sampling, the fresh leaves and tender shoots were dried in a 60℃ electric hot air drying oven and the contents of soluble sugar, protein and total flavonoids were measured.

[0028] The determination of soluble sugar content refers to NY / T2742—2015 "Determination of soluble sugar in fruits and fruit products - 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method"; the determination of protein content refers to GB5009.5—2016 "National Food Safety Standard - Determination of protein in food"; the determination of total flavonoid content refers to SN / T 4592—2016 "Determination of total flavonoids in exported food".

[0029] 4. Experimental Results 4.1 Effects of different treatments on the number of shoots, fresh leaves, and tender shoots of Moringa oleifera Table 1. Statistics on the number of shoots, fresh leaves, and tender shoots of Moringa under different treatments.

[0030] As shown in Table 1 above, the statistical results indicate that the application of different treatment regulators all promoted the yield of Moringa fresh leaves and tender shoots to varying degrees. However, the application of aminoethyl ester significantly increased the yield of Moringa fresh leaves and tender shoots, especially at a concentration of 15 mg / L, where the increase was particularly significant. The yield of fresh leaves increased by 53.75% and the yield of tender shoots increased by 41.16% compared to the control (CK). However, when the concentration of aminoethyl ester was increased to 20 mg / L, there was almost no increase in yield at this regulator ratio, indicating that this concentration had a certain inhibitory effect and was not conducive to the growth of Moringa shoots and the increase of yield.

[0031] 4.2 Comparison of soluble sugar, protein, and total flavonoid content in Moringa shoots and fresh leaves under different treatments Table 2. Statistical table of soluble sugar, protein, and total flavonoid content in Moringa shoots under different treatments.

[0032] Table 3. Statistical table of soluble sugar, protein and total flavonoid content in fresh Moringa leaves under different treatments.

[0033] As shown in Tables 2 and 3, the overall content of soluble sugars, proteins, and total flavonoids in young shoots was lower than that in fresh leaves. After applying different treatments of regulators, the content of soluble sugars and proteins in young shoots and fresh leaves was better than that without the application of regulators. This shows that the application of regulators increased the utilization rate of nutrients. The chlorophyll content in fresh leaves was higher than that in young shoots, so the photosynthetic rate of fresh leaves was stronger, resulting in the formation of more proteins and soluble sugars. Under the T4 treatment, although the yield did not increase, the content of soluble sugars and proteins did increase significantly, indicating that at this concentration, it did not reach the level of phytotoxicity to plants, but only inhibited plant growth and did not affect its photosynthetic rate. Under the T5 treatment, although the yield decreased, the total flavonoid content increased significantly, indicating that it had a significantly better quality.

[0034] In summary, the plant growth regulator of this invention, when sprayed after harvesting annual edible Moringa, results in rapid nutrient absorption and excellent fertilizer effect, significantly enhancing photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation, thereby increasing yield. Experiments also showed that spraying the plant growth regulator of this invention significantly promoted leaf widening and enlargement, which is fundamental to increased fresh leaf yield. Furthermore, the temperature and humidity conditions of greenhouse cultivation can meet the needs of Moringa growth during multiple shoot and leaf harvesting processes. The addition of a low concentration of salicylic acid stimulates and stresses the plant, thus affecting its physiological and biochemical responses. Tests showed that under this regulation, the total flavonoid content of the plant was significantly increased, thereby improving product quality.

[0035] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications and refinements can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and refinements are still considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. The application of a growth regulator in increasing Moringa yield and flavonoid content, characterized in that, The growth regulator comprises the following components: amino acid ester 10-18 mg / L, salicylic acid 20 mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 400-500 mg / L, boric acid 3-3.5 mg / L, EDTA-Mn 25.0-30.0 mg / L, EDTA-Zn 3.5-4.0 mg / L, EDTA-Fe 1.0-1.5 g / L, EDTA-Mo 1.5-2.2 mg / L, and EDTA-MgNa 210.0-15.0 mg / L.

2. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Apply once a day, 7-10 days after each harvest of tender Moringa shoots, between 10 a.m. and 5 p.m., from March to October each year.

3. The application according to claim 2, characterized in that, When using, add 1% Tween 80 by weight, mix well, and then spray.

4. The application according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The amount of the regulator applied is 80-100 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), the planting density of Moringa is 50cm×50cm, the stem cutting height is 50cm, and the Moringa is edible Moringa.

5. The application according to claim 4, characterized in that, The edible Moringa variety is PKM-1.

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