A kind of quick clamping fixture for laser cutting and welding of aircraft welding box section

Abstract

This invention relates to a quick-clamping fixture suitable for laser cutting and welding of aircraft welding box segments, belonging to the field of machining technology. The quick-clamping fixture for laser cutting and welding of aircraft welding box segments includes a base, a first clamping mechanism, and a second clamping mechanism. The base has a machining reference hole, which is coaxial with a reference machining hole on a machine tool, and one side of the base serves as a machining reference surface. The first clamping mechanism is installed on the upper end face of the base and is used to position workpiece A, so that the bottom and end faces of workpiece A are respectively positioned with the upper end face of the base and the machining reference surface, serving as the positioning reference surface for the workpiece. One end of the second clamping mechanism is detachably installed to the base, and the other end positions workpiece B via a support end face and a magnet. This invention has the following advantages: 1. It enables multiple processing steps to be performed at one station; 2. The clamping mechanisms can be combined and switched quickly and conveniently; 3. It ensures processing accuracy; 4. It reduces the number of tooling fixtures and lowers costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a quick-clamping fixture suitable for laser cutting and welding of aircraft welding box sections, belonging to the field of machining technology. Background Technology

[0002] The laser cutting and welding fixture for aircraft welding box segments serves two main purposes: first, it provides positioning and auxiliary clamping for laser cutting of excess material in a portion of the welding components of aircraft welding box segments; second, it provides positioning and auxiliary clamping for laser welding after laser cutting of the product. Previously, the processing of welding box segment components involved multiple steps and tooling, resulting in inconsistent positioning benchmarks, easy deformation during welding, and the need for workers to perform multiple clamping operations. Frequent manual handling during workpiece loading and unloading led to considerable labor intensity and low production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a quick clamping fixture for laser cutting and welding of aircraft welding box segments that can be flexibly switched and can be quickly loaded and unloaded.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a quick clamping fixture for laser cutting and welding of aircraft welding box segments, the clamping fixture comprising a base, a clamping mechanism one, and a clamping mechanism two; the base has a machining reference hole, which is coaxial with the reference machining hole on the machine tool, and one side of the base serves as a machining reference surface; the clamping mechanism one is installed on the upper end face of the base and is used to position workpiece A, such that the bottom surface and end face of workpiece A are respectively positioned with the upper end face of the base and the machining reference surface, serving as the positioning reference surface of the workpiece; one end of the clamping mechanism two is detachably installed with the base, and the other end positions workpiece B through a support end face and a magnet; in use, workpiece B is aligned with the positioning reference surface, the support end face is placed inside workpiece B, and the magnet is placed outside workpiece B and attracted to the support end face.

[0005] Preferably, two stud holes are provided on the base, and the stud holes are arranged opposite each other along the length of the base; the clamping mechanism 1 is installed and fixed to the upper end face of the base through the stud holes, and includes a positioning component and a clamping component. The positioning component is installed on one stud hole, which is adapted to the inner diameter of the positioning hole of workpiece A; the clamping component includes clamping component 1 and clamping component 2. Clamping component 1 is located at the positioning component, and clamping component 2 is located at the stud hole away from the positioning component. When the positioning hole of workpiece A is positioned with the positioning component, clamping component 1 clamps the upper edge of the positioning hole, and together with clamping component 2, positions it on the upper end face of the base.

[0006] Preferably, the positioning element is a diamond-shaped pin; the first clamping element is a movable pressure block; the second clamping element is an open washer; the centers of the positioning element and the clamping element are respectively opposite to the center of the stud hole.

[0007] Preferably, a number of screw holes are provided on the side of the base opposite to the machining reference surface, and the screw holes are distributed along its length direction; the end of the clamping mechanism two that is installed on the base is provided with a through hole corresponding to the screw hole, so as to realize the snap-fit ​​between the clamping mechanism two and the base.

[0008] Preferably, the clamping fixture further includes a clamping mechanism three, which is a support mechanism. In use, its bottom is placed on the workpiece A, and its top is a movable block used to support the workpiece D, so that the workpiece D is aligned with the positioning reference surface.

[0009] Preferably, a screw is installed between the bottom and top of the clamping mechanism three, and the screw is screwed to the bottom. The height of the clamping mechanism three can be adjusted by rotating the screw.

[0010] Preferably, a cylindrical pin is installed radially along the screw for rotating the screw.

[0011] Preferably, the top of the screw is spherical, and the movable block is installed on the top of the screw to realize multi-angle adjustment of the movable block.

[0012] Preferably, the clamping fixture further includes a movable stop, which is placed on the workpiece A and located in a position where the workpiece needs to be protected.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The unified positioning benchmark enables one workstation to meet the processing of multiple processes, and allows laser cutting and laser welding hot and cold processes to be completed simultaneously in one set of process equipment; 2. The clamping mechanism can be combined and switched quickly and conveniently, greatly reducing the labor intensity of workers and improving production efficiency; 3. It reduces the probability of workpiece deformation and ensures machining accuracy; 4. The number of tooling items was reduced, which ensured quality while lowering costs. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a clamping mechanism (including the workpiece) in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism two in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the three structures of the clamping mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the movable stop block structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the processing principle of an embodiment of the present invention (inner side); Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the processing principle of an embodiment of the present invention (outer side); Figure 1-7 In the diagram, A-workpiece; B-workpiece; C-workpiece; D-workpiece; 1-diamond pin; 2-movable pressure block; 3-open washer; 4-machining datum hole; 5-machining datum surface; 6-positioning datum surface; 7-positioning hole; 8-powerful magnet; 9-cylindrical pin; 10-screw; 01-support one; 02-support two; 03-support three; 04-adjusting support one; 05-adjusting support two; 06-movable stop. Detailed Implementation

[0015] It should be noted that the directional terms such as "upper", "lower", "top", and "bottom" describe the directions or positional relationships based on conventional use or the accompanying drawings, and do not constitute a limitation on the present invention.

[0016] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-7 The present invention is further described in detail as follows: a quick clamping fixture for laser cutting and welding of aircraft welding box segments, the clamping fixture comprising a base, a clamping mechanism one, a clamping mechanism two, and a clamping mechanism three; In this embodiment, as Figure 1 As shown, the base has a frame structure with a lower end face and an upper end face. Two machining reference holes 4 are provided on the lower end face, located at both ends of the lower end face along its length. The machining reference holes are coaxial with the reference machining holes on the machine tool, so that the base can be installed on the machine tool. At the same time, several weight-reducing holes are provided on the lower end face to reduce the weight of the base. One side of its upper end face serves as a machining reference surface 5, which extends along its length. At the same time, double-ended stud holes are provided at both ends of the upper end face along its length for installing double-ended studs, and then installing clamping mechanism one. like Figure 1-2 As shown, clamping mechanism 1 is installed and fixed to the upper end face of the base through double-ended stud holes, used to position workpiece A, so that the bottom surface and end face of workpiece A are respectively positioned with the upper end face of the base and the machining reference surface 5, serving as the positioning reference surface 6 of the workpiece; it includes a positioning component and a clamping component. The positioning component is installed on one of the double-ended stud holes, which is adapted to the inner diameter of the positioning hole 7 of workpiece A; the clamping component includes clamping component 1 and clamping component 2. Clamping component 1 is located at the positioning component, and clamping component 2 is located at the other double-ended stud hole away from the positioning component. When the workpiece... After the positioning hole of part A is positioned with the positioning component, the clamping component one clamps the upper edge of the positioning hole 7, and together with the clamping component two, positions it on the upper end face of the base. In this embodiment, the centers of the positioning component and the clamping component are respectively opposite to the center of the double-ended stud hole. The positioning component is a diamond-shaped pin 1, which is used to position the positioning hole 7 of part A. The clamping component one is a movable pressure block 2, which is used to clamp one end of part A on the upper end face of the base. The clamping component two is an open washer 3, which is inserted into the double-ended stud to clamp the other end of part A on the upper end face of the base. like Figure 3 , 6 As shown in Figure 7, the clamping mechanism two includes several supports and a powerful magnet 8. Each support consists of a support mounting end and a support end face. The clamping mechanism two is detachably mounted to the base via the support mounting end, and simultaneously positions workpieces B and C via the support end face and the powerful magnet 8. Specifically, several screw holes are provided on the side of the base opposite to the machining reference surface 5, and these screw holes are distributed along its length. The supports include support one 01, support two 02, and support three 03. The support mounting end of support one 01 has through holes corresponding to the screw holes, and the diameter of the through holes is larger than the diameter of the screw holes. The support mounting ends of support two 02 and support three 03 are respectively provided with bayonets, and the openings of the bayonets face vertically. The workpieces B and C are welded together to form an L-shape. During use, the through-hole of the support mounting end is inserted into the screw installed in the screw hole, achieving the snap-fit ​​connection between support 1 (01) and the base. The snap-fit ​​openings of support 2 (02) and support 3 (03) are respectively snap-fitted into the base. The support end faces of support 1 (01) and support 3 (03) are pressed against the inner side of workpiece C, with the workpiece in the middle position. A strong magnet 8 is placed on the outer side of workpiece C, attracting it to the support end face and clamping it with magnetic attraction. Similarly, the support end face of support 2 (02) is pressed against the inner side of workpiece B, with the workpiece in the middle position. A strong magnet 8 is placed on the outer side of workpiece B, attracting it to the support end face and clamping it with magnetic attraction. This achieves the positioning of workpieces B and C on workpiece A. like Figure 4 , 6 As shown, clamping mechanism three is a support mechanism used to support workpiece D and position workpiece D relative to the positioning reference surface. It is a flexible clamping mechanism. In use, its bottom is placed on workpiece A, and its top is a movable block. A screw 10 is installed between the bottom and the top, and the screw 10 is screwed to the bottom. The height of clamping mechanism three can be adjusted by rotating the screw. In a preferred embodiment, a cylindrical pin 9 is radially installed on the screw 10. The cylindrical pin is used as a handle to rotate and adjust the height of the screw. The top of the screw 10 is spherical, and the movable block is installed on the top of the screw to realize multi-angle adjustment of the movable block. In this embodiment, clamping mechanism three includes adjusting support 04 and adjusting support 05. There are two adjusting supports 04, which are used to support the part of workpiece D away from the positioning hole of workpiece A. The bottom of the adjusting support 05 is placed on the outer circumference of the positioning hole of workpiece A. As a preferred embodiment of this example, Figure 1 , 5 As shown, in order to protect the workpiece from damage by the laser flame, a movable stop 06 is designed at the end of the laser flame path. It is directly inserted into the inner cavity of the workpiece to block the laser flame at the L-shaped corner processing position, thereby protecting the workpiece on the opposite side.

[0017] To control and reduce workpiece deformation, laser cutting allowance and laser welding use a unified processing and positioning reference. During processing steps one (cutting), two (welding), and three (cutting), clamping mechanism one and clamping mechanism two are used in combination. During processing step four (welding), clamping mechanism one, clamping mechanism two, and clamping mechanism three are used in combination. Depending on the specific process, various clamping elements are combined, either partially or completely, to achieve the clamping requirements without interfering with the laser path.

[0018] (1) Machining status and datum definition of workpiece components: Machining status of the workpiece assembly: Workpieces B and C have been welded, with allowance remaining at the top and bottom. The bottom end is welded to workpiece A with allowance remaining. Workpieces A, B, and C are now assembled. Selection of positioning datum: Workpiece A is a CNC machined part with high precision and occupies the only workstation in the entire process. Selecting workpiece A as the positioning datum ensures the consistency of the datum for the entire workpiece assembly. The positioning datum uses a high-precision hole and two positioning datum surfaces (bottom and end faces). The positioning elements are a diamond pin 1, the end face, and the bottom face. The machining datum uses two machining datum holes and one machining datum surface in the fixture (see...). Figure 1 , Figure 2 ).

[0019] (2) Processing principle (e.g.) Figure 1 — Figure 7 (as shown) In the first processing step, laser cutting is performed on the excess material at the welding point between workpieces B and C and workpiece A. During the operation, workpiece A is already positioned, and workpieces BC are integrated with A, achieving positioning through workpiece A. The clamping force of clamping mechanism one acts on workpiece A, while the clamping force of clamping mechanism two acts on workpieces BC. During the cutting process, workpiece A is clamped by bolts and nuts, through movable pressure block 2 and open washer 3. Workpieces BC are clamped by the attraction force generated by supports 01, 02, and 03 and a strong magnet, preventing them from falling or shifting. All clamping supports have openings at the installation points for easy disassembly; the movable pressure block, open washer, and strong magnet are also easy to install and remove. The operation is simple and straightforward for workers. Protection is provided along the laser flame path, and movable stops 06 (e.g., ...) are designed at locations where workpiece protection is needed. Figure 5 (As shown).

[0020] In the second processing step, after the excess material at the lower end of workpiece BC is removed by laser, workpiece A continues to be positioned and clamped. By moving the strong magnet in the second clamping mechanism, the position of workpiece BC is adjusted to align with workpiece A. Then, the strong magnet is placed to press it tightly. After alignment, workpiece A and workpiece BC are laser welded together with no excess material, and the welding is in place.

[0021] In the third processing step, after laser welding workpiece A and workpiece BC, they become an assembly. Workpiece A continues to be positioned and clamped by clamping mechanism one, while workpiece BC continues to be magnetically pressed by clamping mechanism two. The excess material on the upper surface of workpiece BC is then laser-cut.

[0022] In the fourth processing step, after laser cutting the allowance on the upper surface of workpiece BC, workpiece A remains clamped by the first clamping mechanism. Loosen the screws, rotate the washers, and quickly disassemble the second clamping mechanism to make way for the installation of the third clamping mechanism. Add the third clamping mechanism; by adjusting the upper and lower locking holes of support 2 05 to align the shaft, workpiece D and workpiece A are positioned relative to each other and supported. Combined with the upper and lower adjusting support of support 1 04, workpiece D and the cut surfaces at the upper end of workpiece BC are aligned. After adjusting the third clamping mechanism to the correct position, clamping mechanism 2 is then installed to maintain the magnetic pressure on workpiece BC. After completing the clamping and positioning combination of the above three clamping mechanisms, laser weld workpieces ABC and workpiece D, with no allowance, and the welding is in place.

[0023] This rapid clamping fixture, suitable for laser cutting and welding of aircraft welding box sections, can complete all four processes at a single workstation. It features unified processing and positioning benchmarks, secure and reliable clamping, convenient and quick loading and unloading, and flexible switching, significantly reducing worker workload, improving production efficiency, and ensuring quality.

[0024] The scope of protection of this invention is not limited to the technical solutions disclosed in the specific embodiments. All modifications and equivalent substitutions made based on the technical solutions of this invention are within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A quick-clamping fixture for laser cutting and welding of aircraft welding box segments, characterized in that: The clamping fixture includes a base, clamping mechanism one, clamping mechanism two, clamping mechanism three, and a movable stop. The base has a machining reference hole, which is coaxial with a reference machining hole on the machine tool. One side of the base serves as a machining reference surface. Clamping mechanism one is installed on the upper surface of the base and is used to position workpiece A, such that the bottom and end faces of workpiece A are positioned with the upper surface of the base and the machining reference surface, respectively. The bottom and end faces of workpiece A serve as the positioning reference surfaces for the workpiece. Clamping mechanism two is detachably installed at one end to the base, and the other end positions workpieces B and C via a support end face and a magnet. Workpieces B and C are welded together to form an L-shape. In use, workpiece B is aligned with the positioning reference surface, and the support end face is placed on the workpiece. Magnets are placed on the inner sides of workpieces B and C, and on the outer sides of workpieces B and C, attracting them to the end face of the support, thereby positioning workpieces B and C on workpiece A. Clamping mechanism three is a support mechanism, with a screw installed between its bottom and top, threaded to the bottom. The height of clamping mechanism three is adjusted by rotating the screw. A cylindrical pin is installed radially along the screw for rotating it. The top of the screw is spherical, and a movable block is installed at the top of the screw, allowing for multi-angle adjustment. In use, the bottom of clamping mechanism three is placed on workpiece A, and the movable block at the top supports workpiece D, aligning workpiece D with the positioning reference surface. A movable stop is placed on workpiece A, located where the workpiece needs protection. When processing cutting step one, welding step two, and cutting step three, use a combination of clamping mechanism one and clamping mechanism two; when processing welding step four, use a combination of clamping mechanism one, clamping mechanism two, and clamping mechanism three. The base includes an upper end face and a lower end face, with two stud holes at both ends along its length. A clamping mechanism is installed and fixed to the upper end face of the base through the stud holes. It includes a positioning element and a clamping element. The positioning element is installed in one stud hole, which is compatible with the inner diameter of the positioning hole of workpiece A. The clamping element includes clamping element one and clamping element two. Clamping element one is located at the positioning element, and clamping element two is located at the stud hole away from the positioning element. When the positioning hole of workpiece A is positioned with the positioning element, clamping element one clamps the upper edge of the positioning hole, together with clamping element two, positioning it on the upper end face of the base. The positioning element is a diamond-shaped pin; clamping element one is a movable pressure block; clamping element two is an open washer. The centers of the positioning element and the clamping element are respectively opposite to the centers of the stud holes.

2. The quick-clamping fixture for laser cutting and welding of aircraft welding box segments according to claim 1, characterized in that: On the base, a number of screw holes are provided on the side opposite to the machining reference surface, and the screw holes are distributed along the length of the base; the end of the clamping mechanism two that is installed on the base has through holes corresponding to the screw holes, so as to realize the detachable connection between the clamping mechanism two and the base.

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