A mechanical expansion type water plugging device for water and sand inrush and a method of using the same

Abstract

A mechanical expansion type water plugging device for water and sand inrush and a use method thereof, comprising: a plurality of groups of laminated units, each group of laminated units having a pair of symmetrical positive and negative sheet groups, each group of positive and negative sheet groups having a positive single sheet and a negative single sheet arranged in turn, each positive single sheet and negative single sheet being arc-shaped and being elastically compressed; the inner side of each group of laminated units being connected to a safety mechanism; a link sheet being connected between adjacent laminated units and having a hook movably arranged on the outer side; when not encountering water, the safety mechanism pulls the laminated units tightly so that the laminated units are in a contracted state; when encountering water, the safety mechanism is disconnected so that the laminated units are in an expanded state. The present application has simple and compact structure, good expansibility and stability under the condition of guaranteeing mechanical properties, and can cooperate with sand, cement and other materials to achieve good water plugging effect, avoid the problems of water plugging materials not staying and plugging under complex conditions, and the influence of the formation environment on the water plugging materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine safety protection, specifically to a mechanical expansion water-blocking device for water inrush and sand collapse and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Water and sand inrush disasters in roadways and tunnels refer to a disaster in which a mixture of water and sand suddenly rushes into the roadway or tunnel during the excavation process due to the encounter with water-rich, loose sand (sand) bodies, causing casualties and equipment damage. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of mining, modification and treatment projects are usually carried out on the working face and overlying rock.

[0003] There are many methods for managing water and sand inrush disasters in roadways and tunnels. These include: constructing underground water-retaining walls: by building water-retaining walls within the roadway, the extent of water and sand inundation during grouting can be effectively controlled, improving the quality and strength of the sealing body; energy release and pressure reduction technology: by actively releasing the high-potential-energy filling material within a large water-rich cavity in front of the tunnel, the risk of mud and water inrush can be eliminated, enabling safe construction under low-pressure or pressureless conditions; high-pressure disturbance grouting: high-pressure disturbance grouting is used to construct sealing bodies in areas far from and near the water and sand inrush point, treating the area around the point and eliminating the potential for water and sand inflow.

[0004] These measures require prior geological surveys to determine the approximate location of water inrush and sand collapse, in order to prevent and reduce the risk of water inrush and sand collapse in roadways and tunnels. However, during the actual mining of roadways and tunnels, due to the influence of physical forces between rock strata, water-richness of surrounding rock, and time for fissure water to converge into the separation space, some situations of water inrush and sand collapse that cannot be prevented are inevitable. In such cases, grouting reinforcement is required for water inrush and sand collapse.

[0005] The most common and effective method of grouting reinforcement is to inject leak-stopping and waterproofing materials into the channels of sudden water inrush and sand collapse. These materials include: 1. Solid particle filling materials, such as fly ash, sand, gravel, pebbles, stone chips, stones of different sizes, and wood strings that are not easily washed away by water. These are mainly used to fill large karst caves or cavities to reduce water flow; 2. Curing inorganic leak-stopping materials, such as aluminate cement, anhydrous gypsum, ordinary silicate cement, soda ash, cellulose, and quartz sand. These are mainly used for grouting and have the characteristics of fast setting, high hardness, and good durability; 3. Non-curing leak-stopping materials, such as asphalt, grease, and wax. These are mainly used for coating or grouting and have the characteristics of good flexibility and strong adaptability.

[0006] Directly applying waterproofing and sealing materials to areas of sudden water inrush and sand collapse can result in poor water-blocking effects due to impacts. When sudden water inrush and sand collapse occur, the water-sand mixture is in a dynamic state and contains other sand and gravel. These materials cannot simultaneously maintain mechanical and mechanical properties, have limited expansion, and are easily affected by factors such as formation temperature, pressure, and pH, leading to the failure or degradation of the sealing agent. Under complex conditions, there are problems such as the water-blocking material not being retained, not being able to block, and being affected by the formation environment, making it difficult to effectively seal high-permeability layers or cracks. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a mechanically expandable water-blocking device for sudden water and sand collapse. It has a simple and compact structure, and while ensuring mechanical performance, it has good expansion and stability. When used in conjunction with materials such as sand, gravel, and cement, it can achieve a good water-blocking effect, avoiding problems such as the inability to retain or block water-blocking materials under complex conditions such as flowing water, as well as the influence of the geological environment on the water-blocking materials. It is also more environmentally friendly.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, a mechanical expansion water-blocking device for water inrush and sand collapse is provided, comprising:

[0009] The stacked units are multiple groups, evenly arranged circumferentially;

[0010] Each stacked unit has a pair of symmetrically connected positive and negative sheet groups. Each positive and negative sheet group has positive and negative sheets arranged in a cross manner. Each positive and negative sheet is an arc-shaped structure and is elastically compressed. The middle and both ends are connected to each other by connecting components.

[0011] The inner side of each stacked unit is connected to the safety mechanism;

[0012] The connecting piece connects adjacent stacked units and has multiple hooks that are movable on the outside;

[0013] When not in contact with water, the safety mechanism tightens the lamination unit, causing it to be in a contracted state. When in contact with water, the safety mechanism disconnects the lamination unit, causing it to expand.

[0014] Furthermore, the connecting piece has a T-shaped structure, with its two horizontal ends connected to the outer ends of the single piece at the edge of the adjacent stacked unit, and its vertical end connected to the inner ends of the single piece at the edge of the adjacent stacked unit.

[0015] Furthermore, multiple hooks are arranged symmetrically around the center line of the connecting piece, and gradually increase in size near the center line.

[0016] Furthermore, the connecting piece is provided with a mounting hole that matches the hook or is fitted with an outer layer;

[0017] The outer surface has multiple closed loop lines that match the hook.

[0018] Preferably, the security mechanism includes:

[0019] The expanding material is located inside the sleeve and expands upon contact with water.

[0020] The cutting assembly, corresponding to the front and back sheet assembly, has a sleeve, a pad located inside the sleeve that is radially moved by expansion and compression, and a cutter that can act on the strap is provided on the outside of the pad.

[0021] The strap has one end wrapped around and passes through the inside of the corresponding front and back film groups, and the other end wrapped around the outside of the sleeve to form a closed loop;

[0022] The two corresponding cutting components in the same stacking unit are connected by wires.

[0023] Furthermore, both ends of the sleeve are sealed by end caps, and each end cap is provided with a water inlet hole;

[0024] A spring is provided between the pad and the inner wall of the sleeve.

[0025] Furthermore, the inner side of each stacked unit is connected to a loose, permeable mesh;

[0026] When multiple stacked units are in an expanded state, a polygonal structure is formed on the inside of the stacked units, and the mesh is in a taut state.

[0027] Furthermore, the connecting component is a fixing pin.

[0028] The present invention also aims to provide a mechanical expansion method for use in the event of sudden water inrush and sand collapse. When not in contact with water, the safety mechanism tightens the stacked unit, causing the stacked unit to be in a contracted state. When in contact with water, the safety mechanism disconnects the stacked unit, causing the stacked unit to be in an expanded state. Therefore, it has good expansion and stability, is convenient and reliable to construct, and has a better water blocking effect.

[0029] A mechanical expansion method for use in the event of sudden water inrush and sand collapse includes the following steps:

[0030] a. In the initial state before encountering water, the safety mechanism tightens the lamination unit, causing the lamination unit to be in a retracted state;

[0031] b. Multiple water-bursting and sand-breaking mechanical expansion water-blocking devices are lowered into the water-bursting tunnel through the water-blocking channel, and the safety mechanism disconnects upon contact with water;

[0032] The front and back sheets lose their restraint and rebound to their original shape under the action of elasticity, and the stacked unit is in an expanded state;

[0033] c. After expansion, multiple water-bursting and sand-breaking devices are squeezed against each other by mechanical expansion water-blocking devices and rolled under the impact of water flow. The hooks on the connecting pieces are connected to the upper hooks of other connecting pieces. By combining different single sides, larger two-dimensional or three-dimensional aggregates can be achieved.

[0034] d. Then, other water-blocking materials are added to the water-flowing channel, and a water-blocking wall is formed under the shielding of the polymer, thus completing the water-blocking treatment for the sudden water inrush and sand collapse.

[0035] Compared with existing technologies, this mechanical expansion water-blocking device for sudden water and sand collapse has an arc-shaped structure for each forward and reverse single piece, which is elastically compressed. The inner side of each stacked unit is connected to a safety mechanism. When there is no water, the safety mechanism tightens the stacked units, causing them to be in a contracted state. When there is water, the safety mechanism disconnects the stacked units, causing them to expand. While ensuring mechanical performance, it has good expansion and stability. When used in conjunction with materials such as sand, gravel, and cement, it can achieve a good water-blocking effect, avoiding problems such as the inability to retain or block water-blocking materials under complex conditions such as flowing water, as well as the influence of the geological environment on the water-blocking materials. It is more efficient and environmentally friendly.

[0036] Because the connecting piece is equipped with hooks, it rolls under the impact of water flow. The hooks on the connecting piece are connected to the hooks on other connecting pieces. By combining different single sides, a larger two-dimensional or three-dimensional aggregate can be achieved, ensuring its stability and water-blocking effect in complex hydrological environments. At the same time, it can enable coarse and fine aggregate water-blocking materials such as gravel to quickly form a water-blocking wall under the shielding effect of the aggregate, thus improving the water-blocking effect.

[0037] Because the cutting component in the safety mechanism has a sleeve containing water-swellable material and a pad located inside the sleeve that moves radially under expansion and compression, the water-swellable material drives the cutter to act on the strap, releasing the strap from the tightness of the stacked unit. The overall structure is simple and low-cost, enabling the safety mechanism to quickly disconnect in the event of a sudden water inrush or sand collapse, ensuring the rapid expansion of the stacked unit. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the non-water-contaminated stacked unit of the present invention in a contracted state;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the water-contaminated stacked unit of the present invention in an expanded state;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the addition of a permeable mesh 90 when the water-contaminated laminate unit of the present invention is in an expanded state;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a single stacked unit in the present invention in a contracted state;

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the forward monolith and the reverse monolith in this invention;

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting piece in this invention;

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the safety mechanism in this invention;

[0045] Figure 8 This is a front view of the safety mechanism in this invention;

[0046] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the sleeve in the safety mechanism of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 10 This is a graph showing the changes in volume, diameter, volume magnification factor, etc., before and after expansion with the number of single pieces in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the reverse / forward single-piece dimensions in this invention;

[0049] In the diagram: 10, connecting piece; 20, forward single piece; 30, reverse single piece; 40, fixing pin.

[0050] 50. Safety mechanism; 51. Strap; 52. Sleeve; 53. Pad; 54. Spring; 55. Cutter; 56. Expanding rubber; 57. Water inlet; 58. Through hole; 59. End cap.

[0051] 60. Cavity; 70. Hook; 80. Stacked unit; 90. Permeable mesh. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] For ease of explanation, the area closer to the center of the device is defined as the inner side, and the area farther from the center is defined as the outer side.

[0054] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this mechanical expansion water-blocking device for sudden water inrush and sand collapse includes:

[0055] The stacked unit 80 consists of multiple groups arranged evenly in the circumferential direction;

[0056] Each stacked unit 80 has a pair of symmetrically connected positive and negative sheet groups. Each positive and negative sheet group has a forward sheet 20 and a reverse sheet 30 arranged in a cross manner. Each forward sheet 20 and reverse sheet 30 has an arc-shaped structure and is elastically compressed. The middle and both ends are connected to each other by connecting components.

[0057] The inner side of each stacked unit 80 is connected to the safety mechanism 50;

[0058] The connecting piece 10 is connected between adjacent stacked units 80 and has multiple hooks 70 that are movable on the outside;

[0059] When not in contact with water, the safety mechanism 50 tightens the lamination unit 80, causing the lamination unit 80 to be in a contracted state. When in contact with water, the safety mechanism 50 disconnects the lamination unit 80, causing the lamination unit 80 to be in an expanded state.

[0060] Specifically, the stacked unit 80 is the main structure of the expansion. Its number determines the size and structural style of the device. Multiple stacked units 80 are evenly arranged around the circumference. That is, with the center of the stacked unit 80 as the reference, connecting the centers of each stacked unit 80 can form a polygonal structure.

[0061] Both the forward monolith 20 and the reverse monolith 30 can be made of materials with high toughness and strength, such as shape memory materials; for example Figure 2 , 5 As shown, the forward single-piece 20 and the reverse single-piece 30 are structurally identical, but differ in their placement method and initial elasticity in this device. The placement method ensures that the forward and reverse pieces can expand to a greater extent when the safety mechanism 50 is missing, and the different initial elasticity ensures that the forward and reverse pieces are in non-force equilibrium when the safety mechanism 50 is missing, i.e., they can expand actively.

[0062] Further explanation: The forward-facing single-piece 20 and the reverse-facing single-piece 30 are stacked alternately, and connected by connecting components (fixing pins 40, dowel pins) to ensure a stable structure during expansion. The stacking order of the forward-facing single-piece 20 and the reverse-facing single-piece 30 can be in the same direction, or partially in the opposite direction. That is, a pair of symmetrical forward and reverse-facing single-piece groups in the stacking unit 80 can be arranged in a “)(” shape or a “()” shape. The corresponding pair of forward and reverse-facing single-piece groups are connected at the middle or at both ends. (This is from the appendix.) Figure 1 In the middle, it is arranged in the shape of ")(";

[0063] When the inner side of the stacking unit 80 is installed on the safety mechanism 50, the safety mechanism 50 compresses and limits the stacking unit 80, so that the front and back sheets are stacked tightly in sequence, reducing the space. That is, the front and back sheets are deformed by the action of the safety mechanism 50, and have a large compressive elastic force. The outer side of the stacking unit 80 is connected by the connecting piece 10 so that the connecting piece limits the stacking unit 80, and the whole maintains a small volume.

[0064] The safety mechanism 50 can be made of a tensile material with high tensile strength and high water sensitivity, or other mechanisms, so that when the safety mechanism 50 comes into contact with water, its mechanical strength decreases or the whole structure breaks, causing the laminated unit 80 to be in an expanded state.

[0065] The hook 70 on the connecting piece 10 is movably installed, allowing the hook 70 to swing.

[0066] When the initial state is not exposed to water, the safety mechanism 50 tightens the lamination unit 80, causing the lamination unit 80 to be in a retracted state.

[0067] Multiple devices are lowered into the water-rushing tunnel through the water-blocking channel. The sudden water and sand collapse generate a huge impact force, causing the safety mechanism 50 to be damaged or broken. At this time, the positive and negative plate groups lose their restraint and rebound to their original shape under the action of elasticity. That is, the stacked unit 80 is in an expanded state, and a cavity 60 is formed at the original location of the safety mechanism 50.

[0068] During rapid expansion, multiple devices are squeezed against each other and rolled under the impact of water flow. The hooks 70 on the connecting piece 10 are connected to the hooks 70 on other connecting pieces 10. By combining different single sides, a larger two-dimensional or three-dimensional aggregate can be achieved.

[0069] Then other water-blocking materials, such as sand and gravel for fixing large structures and cement, are added and blocked by this device to form a water-blocking wall;

[0070] This device can be made into different shapes according to design requirements, but all of them are polygons. Compared with water-blocking materials such as aggregates, it has a smaller roundness and can be deposited at a designated location. The expanded inner cavity and the space formed between the positive single piece 20 and the negative single piece can be used to fix aggregates such as gravel to achieve rapid water blocking.

[0071] This mechanical expansion water-blocking device for water inrush and sand collapse uses a safety mechanism 50 to install forward-facing single plates 20 and reverse-facing single plates 30 arranged in a cross pattern. When not in contact with water, the safety mechanism 50 tightens the stacked plate units 80, causing them to be in a contracted state. When in contact with water, the safety mechanism 50 disconnects the stacked plate units 80, causing them to expand. While ensuring mechanical performance, it has good expansion and stability, is convenient and reliable to construct, and provides better water-blocking effect. It avoids uneven distribution or excessive loss of water-blocking materials and is less affected by the geological environment, making it more environmentally friendly.

[0072] Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0073] a. In the initial state before encountering water, the safety mechanism 50 tightens the lamination unit 80, causing the lamination unit 80 to be in a retracted state;

[0074] b. Multiple water-bursting and sand-breaking mechanical expansion water-blocking devices are lowered into the water-bursting tunnel through the water-blocking channel. The safety mechanism 50 disconnects upon contact with water.

[0075] The front and back sheets lose their restraint and rebound to their original shape under the action of elasticity, and the stacked unit 80 is in an expanded state;

[0076] c. After expansion, multiple water-bursting and sand-breaking devices are squeezed against each other by mechanical expansion water-blocking devices and rolled under the impact of water flow. The hooks 70 on the connecting piece 10 are connected to the upper hooks 70 of other connecting pieces 10. By combining different single sides, a larger two-dimensional or three-dimensional aggregate can be achieved.

[0077] d. Then, other water-blocking materials are added to the water-flowing channel, and a water-blocking wall is formed under the shielding of the polymer, thus completing the water-blocking treatment for the sudden water inrush and sand collapse.

[0078] like Figure 6 As shown, the connecting piece 10 is a T-shaped structure, with its two horizontal ends connected to the outer ends of the forward single piece 20 / reverse single piece 30 at the edge of the adjacent stacked unit 80, and its vertical end connected to the inner ends of the forward single piece 20 / reverse single piece 30 at the edge of the adjacent stacked unit 80.

[0079] Multiple hooks 70 are arranged symmetrically around the center line of the connecting piece 10, and gradually increase in size near the center line;

[0080] Specifically, the stacking unit 80 has multiple forward-facing single pieces 20 and reverse-facing single pieces 30 stacked together. Depending on the placement method and the initial elastic force, the corresponding single piece located at the edge of the stacking unit can be a forward-facing single piece 20 or a reverse-facing single piece 30.

[0081] The connecting piece 10 has a T-shaped structure or a smooth transition at the further bend, which can reduce the overall weight and slow down the impact of water flow. Taking the edge of the stacked unit 80 as an example, the two horizontal ends of the connecting piece 10 are respectively connected to the outer side of a pair of reverse single pieces 30, and the vertical end is connected to the inner side of a pair of reverse single pieces 30. That is, the connecting piece 10 can maintain the connection state when the stacked unit 80 expands, without affecting the expansion of the stacked unit 80 when it comes into contact with water. The hook 70 can also be connected with other hooks 70 to form a larger aggregate in area / volume.

[0082] Alternatively, all corresponding connection points can be connected using connection components (fixing pins 40).

[0083] Furthermore, the connecting piece 10 is provided with a mounting hole that matches the hook 70 or is fitted with an outer layer;

[0084] The outer surface has multiple closed loop lines that match the hook 70;

[0085] Specifically, the hook 70 can be attached to the connecting piece 10 of other devices under the impact of water flow, which increases the probability of connection and avoids multiple devices failing to connect effectively or being unstable, thus preventing the formation of a larger aggregate.

[0086] like Figures 7 to 9 As shown, in some embodiments, the security mechanism 50 includes:

[0087] The expanding material is located inside the sleeve 52 and expands upon contact with water;

[0088] The cutting assembly, corresponding to the front and back sheet assembly, has a sleeve 52 and a pad 53 located inside the sleeve 52 that is radially moved by expansion and compression; a cutter 55 that can act on the strap 51 is provided on the outside of the pad 53.

[0089] The strap 51 has one end wrapped around and passes through the inner side of the corresponding front and back sheet groups, and the other end wrapped around the outside of the sleeve 52 to form a closed loop.

[0090] Two corresponding cutting components in the same stacking unit 80 are connected by wires;

[0091] Furthermore, both ends of the sleeve 52 are sealed by end caps 59, and each end cap 59 is provided with a water inlet hole 57;

[0092] A spring 54 is provided between the pad 53 and the inner wall of the sleeve 52;

[0093] Specifically, the safety mechanism 50 is used to tighten the laminated unit 80 when it is not exposed to water, making it compact as a whole, so that it can be easily lowered into the water-flowing tunnel through the water-blocking channel. It uses water-sensitive material to break the laminated unit 80 when it is exposed to water, causing it to expand as a whole.

[0094] In this embodiment, the safety mechanism 50 uses a water-swellable material to drive the cutter 55 to act on the strap 51, thereby releasing the strap 51 from the tight restraint on the stacked unit 80.

[0095] In this embodiment, each front and back single piece has a corresponding cutting component, and the two corresponding cutting components of the same stacking unit 80 are connected by wires to ensure that they are in a taut state when not in contact with water; the expansion material can be rod-shaped expansion rubber 56, and the sleeve 52 or the end cap 59 on the end side is provided with a water inlet hole 57.

[0096] When the device is not initially exposed to water, the strap 51 is wrapped around the inside of the front and back single pieces and the outside of the sleeve 52 to tighten the front and back single pieces. The spring 54 drives the pad 53 to compress the expansion material to prevent the cutter 55 from contacting the strap 51. The sleeve 52 is provided with a through hole 58 for the cutter 55 to pass through, and the strap 51 is located at the through hole 58. When the device is put into the water channel, water enters the interior from the sleeve 52. The expansion material expands rapidly when it comes into contact with water, and the increase in volume causes the pad 53 to move radially outward. The cutter 55 on the outside of the pad 53 passes through the through hole 58 and acts on the strap 51 to break it. At this time, the stacking unit 80 does not have the strap 51 to tighten it and therefore expands rapidly.

[0097] In addition, the safety mechanism 50 can also be made of a material whose mechanical strength is greatly reduced and which breaks when exposed to water;

[0098] like Figure 3 As shown, further, the inner side of each stacked unit 80 is connected to a loose permeable mesh 90;

[0099] When multiple stacked units 80 are in an expanded state, a polygonal structure is formed on the inner side of the stacked units 80, and the mesh is in a taut state;

[0100] Specifically, when exposed to water, the safety mechanism 50 disconnects the laminated unit 80, causing the laminated unit 80 to expand. At the same time, the permeable grid 90 opens, increasing the interception area, so that large structures such as fixed sand and cement can more effectively and quickly form a water-blocking wall under the shielding effect of the permeable grid 90.

[0101] The mechanical expansion water-blocking device for sudden water inrush and sand collapse is calculated as follows for the expansion of the stacked unit 80:

[0102] like Figure 11 As shown, calculations are performed in millimeters. The thickness of the forward-facing single sheet 20 and the reverse-facing single sheet 30 is the same, assumed to be x. The length of each single sheet is l, and the bending height is nx, where n is a multiple of the bending height and its thickness. One stacking unit 80 uses m single sheets. Therefore, its initial thickness in the unwatered state is:

[0103] T=(m+2n)x+2l

[0104] Its thickness after unfolding is:

[0105] T`=nmx+2l

[0106] Therefore, its one-dimensional length magnification factor in the plane is:

[0107]

[0108] As can be seen, this one dimension represents the edges in the same direction, such as the arrangement length of a single stacked unit 80; the two dimensions represent the polygon formed by multiple stacked units 80 on the same plane; and the three dimensions represent the cube formed by multiple water-blocking devices through hooks 70.

[0109] The volume magnification factor of multiple water-blocking devices aggregated into a simple three-dimensional cube is:

[0110]

[0111] The magnification factor of the inner cavity is:

[0112]

[0113] like Figure 10 As shown, the following embodiments will be used for further explanation;

[0114] With a thickness of 2mm for a single piece of material 20 in the forward direction and 30 in the reverse direction, and a bending height that is a multiple of its thickness n of 10, and a length l of 30mm, the calculated length is 20mm in the first state and becomes 60mm after being enlarged.

[0115] When this water-blocking device transitions from the first state (no water) to the second state (water), the area of ​​the internal cavity (60) increases by 26 times, the two-dimensional external contour increases by 9 times, and the three-dimensional external contour increases by 27 times.

[0116] That is, the forward single piece 20 and the reverse single piece 30 are stacked in sequence. When the safety mechanism 50 is disengaged / disconnected, the reverse single piece 30 rebounds, causing the overall volume of this water-blocking device to increase rapidly.

[0117] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

Claims

1. A mechanically expanding water-blocking device for sudden water inrush and sand collapse, characterized in that, include: The stacked unit (80) consists of multiple groups arranged evenly in the circumferential direction; Each stacked unit (80) has a pair of symmetrically connected positive and negative sheet groups. Each positive and negative sheet group has a forward sheet (20) and a reverse sheet (30) arranged in a cross order. Each forward sheet (20) and reverse sheet (30) is an arc-shaped structure and is elastically compressed. The middle and both ends are connected to each other through connecting components. The inner side of each stacked unit (80) is connected to the safety mechanism (50); A connecting piece (10) is connected between adjacent stacked units (80) and has multiple hooks (70) movably provided on its outer side; When not in contact with water, the safety mechanism (50) tightens the lamination unit (80) so that the lamination unit (80) is in a contracted state. When in contact with water, the safety mechanism (50) disconnects the lamination unit (80) so that the lamination unit (80) is in an expanded state.

2. The mechanical expansion water-blocking device for sudden water inrush and sand collapse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting piece (10) has a T-shaped structure, with its two horizontal ends connected to the outer ends of the single piece at the edge of the adjacent stacked unit (80) respectively, and its vertical end connected to the inner ends of the single piece at the edge of the adjacent stacked unit (80).

3. The mechanical expansion water-blocking device for sudden water inrush and sand collapse according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple hooks (70) are arranged symmetrically around the center line of the connecting piece (10) and gradually increase in size near the center line.

4. The mechanical expansion water-blocking device for sudden water inrush and sand collapse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting piece (10) is provided with a mounting hole that matches the hook (70) or is fitted with an outer layer; The outer surface has multiple closed loop lines that match the hook (70).

5. A mechanically expanding water-blocking device for sudden water inrush and sand collapse according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The security mechanism (50) includes: An expanding material is located inside the sleeve (52) and expands upon contact with water; a cutting assembly, corresponding to the front and back sheet assembly, has a sleeve (52) and a pad (53) located inside the sleeve (52) that moves radially under expansion and compression; a cutter (55) is provided on the outside of the pad (53) that can act on the strap (51); The strap (51) is wrapped around one end and passes through the inner side of the corresponding front and back sheet group, and the other end is wrapped around the outside of the sleeve (52) to form a closed loop; The two corresponding cutting components of the same stacking unit (80) are connected by wires.

6. A mechanical expansion water-blocking device for sudden water inrush and sand collapse according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sleeve (52) is closed at both ends by end caps (59), and each end cap (59) is provided with a water inlet hole (57); a spring (54) is provided between the pad (53) and the inner wall of the sleeve (52).

7. A mechanically expanding water-blocking device for sudden water inrush and sand collapse according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The inner side of each stacked unit (80) is connected to a loose permeable mesh (90); When multiple stacked units (80) are in an expanded state, a polygonal structure is formed on the inside of the stacked units (80) and the mesh is in a taut state.

8. A mechanically expanding water-blocking device for water inrush and sand collapse according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The connecting component is a fixing pin (40).

9. A method of using the mechanical expansion water-blocking device for sudden water inrush and sand collapse according to claim 1, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: a. In the initial state before encountering water, the safety mechanism (50) tightens the lamination unit (80) so that the lamination unit (80) is in a retracted state; b. Multiple water-bursting and sand-breaking mechanical expansion water-blocking devices are lowered into the water-bursting tunnel through the water-blocking channel, and the safety mechanism (50) disconnects when it encounters water; The front and back sheets lose their restraint and rebound to their original shape under the action of elastic force, and the stacked unit (80) is in an expanded state; c. After expansion, multiple water-bursting sand-blocking devices are squeezed against each other by mechanical expansion water-blocking devices and rolled under the impact of water flow. The hooks (70) on the connecting piece (10) are connected to the upper hooks (70) of other connecting pieces (10) to achieve a larger two-dimensional or three-dimensional aggregate by combining different single sides. d. Then, other water-blocking materials are added to the water-flowing tunnel, and a water-blocking wall is formed under the shielding of the polymer, thus completing the water-blocking treatment for the sudden water inrush and sand collapse.

Images