A detection method for tunnel drilling and blasting construction

Abstract

The application provides a detection method for tunnel drilling and blasting construction, comprising the following steps: installing a detection plate matched with the edge of a tunnel face edge into a tunnel edge groove, drilling and blasting at the tunnel face, avoiding the detection plate during the drilling and blasting process, and plugging the blast hole after the drilling and blasting at the tunnel face is completed; fixing a plugging plate matched with the shape of the tunnel face, and making a detection data transmission line of the detection plate penetrate through the plugging plate; collecting blasting data of the detection plate during the blasting process to form historical data, and adjusting the drilling and blasting at the next tunnel face by a detection device according to the historical data; and the system is based on the above method. The detection plate is installed before the tunnel drilling and blasting construction, the drilling and blasting data during the drilling and blasting construction are collected by the detection plate, the drilling and blasting data are used by the detection device to adjust the drilling and blasting construction, the detection plate of the application detects the rock and soil data in real time during the blasting process, the drilling and blasting construction is adjusted according to the rock and soil data, and the safety of the drilling and blasting construction is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel blasting, and more particularly to a detection method for tunnel drilling and blasting operations. Background Technology

[0002] Drill-and-blast (DTB) is a method of breaking up rock or soil by blasting, commonly used in construction engineering, mining, and tunnel excavation. The main steps involved are: 1. Conducting geological surveys to understand the geological structure, lithology, and groundwater conditions; 2. Designing a blasting plan suitable for the specific project based on the survey results; 3. Arranging boreholes in the area to be blasted according to the design requirements; 4. Drilling using appropriate drilling tools and bits, controlling the diameter, depth, and angle of the boreholes to ensure accuracy and stability; 5. Loading explosives into the boreholes, typically using detonating cords to fill the bottom of the borehole; 6. Detonating the explosives in the borehole by triggering the detonating cord, generating a shock wave that breaks up the rock or soil; 7. After blasting, cleaning up the rock fragments, inspecting the blasting effect, and evaluating the blasting quality.

[0003] The aforementioned drilling and blasting operations are hazardous and require the operation of qualified personnel. Furthermore, appropriate measures must be taken to ensure the safety of drilling and blasting operations during actual construction. In addition, drilling and blasting operations generate significant noise and have a substantial impact on the tunnel rock or soil. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the surrounding rock or soil conditions in real time during the drilling and blasting process to further ensure the safety of the operation.

[0004] In view of this, it is necessary to develop a detection method and system for tunnel drilling and blasting construction in order to solve the safety problems of drilling and blasting construction. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a detection method and system for tunnel drilling and blasting construction. Before tunnel drilling and blasting construction, a detection plate is installed. The detection plate collects drilling and blasting data during the construction. The detection equipment uses the drilling and blasting data to adjust the drilling and blasting construction. The detection plate of this invention detects rock and soil data in real time during the blasting and excavation process, and adjusts the drilling and blasting construction according to the rock and soil data to ensure the safety of drilling and blasting construction.

[0006] The technical solution for achieving the objective of this invention is as follows: On the one hand, the present invention provides a detection method for tunnel drilling and blasting construction, comprising: Step 1: Install the detection plate matching the edge of the tunnel face into the tunnel edge groove, and excavate a narrow groove with a length of 10m to 25m along the contour of the tunnel face towards the tunnel drilling and blasting direction to form the tunnel edge groove. The shape of the tunnel edge groove matches the edge of the tunnel face. Step 2: Drill and blast from the tunnel face. Avoid the detection plate during the drilling and blasting process. After the drilling and blasting at the tunnel face is completed, block the blast holes. Step 3: Fix the sealing plate that matches the shape of the tunnel face, and let the detection data transmission line of the detection plate pass through the sealing plate; Step 4: During the blasting and tunneling process, the detection plate collects blasting data to form historical data. The detection equipment adjusts the drilling and blasting construction of the next tunnel face based on the historical data.

[0007] Based on one aspect, in one possible implementation, step one includes: The detection plate is processed to match the contour of the tunnel face. The detection plate is a whole plate or multiple plates that match the edge of the tunnel face. A tunnel edge groove is formed by cutting a groove along the tunnel drilling and blasting direction close to the contour of the tunnel face. There is at least one tunnel edge groove, the length of which is 10m to 25m and the depth of which is 8cm to 15cm. The thickness of the detection plate is less than the depth of the tunnel edge groove, and the detection plate is fitted with the tunnel edge groove with a gap when it is installed.

[0008] Based on this aspect, in one possible implementation, step one further includes: The length of the tunnel face drilling and blasting operation in this stage is 8m to 22m. The length of the tunnel edge groove in this stage is 10.2m to 25.5m; The length of the detection plate in this stage is 10m~25m; When the detection plate is installed into the tunnel edge groove during this stage, the front end of the detection plate extends 2m to 5m beyond the tunnel face during drilling and blasting. The end of the detection plate is located at the same tunnel cross section as the tunnel face, so that when the sealing plate contacts the tunnel face, it also contacts the end of the detection plate.

[0009] Based on this aspect, in one possible implementation, step two includes: The tunnel face has regular edges and a smooth surface. Drilling and blasting operations were carried out at the tunnel face according to the design data for drilling, charging, wiring, and detonation. During the drilling and blasting operations, the detection plate was avoided. Based on the construction excavation outline, the blast holes are arranged and constructed according to the parameters and quantity of the blast holes. Before drilling the blast holes, the center line, horizontal line and cross-sectional outline of the excavation section are determined, and the positions of the blast holes are marked. The blasting agent is filled into the bottom of the blast hole using a detonating cord, and the opening of the blast hole is blocked with a mixture of sand and clay, with a blocking length of 18cm to 45cm.

[0010] Based on this aspect, in one possible implementation, step two further includes: During drilling and blasting operations at the tunnel face, ensure that the position and direction accuracy of the blast holes meet the drilling and blasting design requirements in order to achieve the designed drilling and blasting excavation effect; Auxiliary holes are evenly arranged along the contour of the tunnel face. The arrangement of the auxiliary holes is close to the cross-sectional shape of the drill-and-blast excavation, so that the tunnel cross-section of the blast excavation reaches the preset shape and preset size. Both the blast holes and auxiliary holes are located inside the outline of the tunnel face, and the construction of both blast holes and auxiliary holes avoids the tunnel edge grooves and detection plates.

[0011] Based on one aspect, in one possible implementation, step three includes: During drilling and blasting operations at the tunnel face, a detection plate is connected to a detection device. The detection plate collects real-time rock and soil data during the drilling and blasting operations at the tunnel face and sends it to the detection device. The detection equipment coordinates with the design unit to adjust the drilling and blasting design based on real-time rock and soil data, and adjusts the drilling and blasting construction at the tunnel face in real time according to the adjusted drilling and blasting design. After the blast hole is plugged with a mixture of sand and clay, the connection between the detection plate and the detection equipment is removed, and the detection data transmission line of the detection plate passes through the pre-reserved wire hole on the plugging plate. Use sealing plates to fix them to the tunnel face, ensuring an interference fit between the sealing plates and the tunnel walls, and fix the sealing plates from the direction of the excavated support of the tunnel; Reconnect the probe data transmission line to the probe equipment to allow the probe board and probe equipment to work together.

[0012] Based on this aspect, in one possible implementation, step four includes: During the blasting and tunneling process, the detection plate collects blasting data in real time; The detection equipment receives and processes blasting data in real time, and the processed data is used to form historical data. Based on historical data from the current stage and referring to historical data from the previous stage, the detection equipment outputs optimizations for the next stage of drilling and blasting operations. Based on the drilling and blasting design and the next stage of drilling and blasting construction, optimize and adjust the parameters and number of blast holes, charge amount and charge structure, detonation sequence and detonation network for the next stage.

[0013] On the other hand, the present invention provides a detection system for tunnel drilling and blasting construction, comprising: The tunnel edge trench construction unit excavates a narrow trench with a length of 10m to 25m along the contour of the tunnel face towards the tunnel drilling and blasting direction to form a tunnel edge trench. The shape of the tunnel edge trench matches the edge of the tunnel face. The blasting drilling unit has a detection plate installed in the tunnel edge slot, which matches the edge of the tunnel face. During the blasting excavation, the detection plate collects blasting data, and the detection equipment of the blasting drilling unit forms historical data from the blasting data. The detection equipment is then used to adjust the drilling and blasting construction of the next section of the tunnel face. The drilling and blasting construction unit performs drilling and blasting operations at the tunnel face, avoiding the detection plate during the drilling and blasting process, and sealing the blast holes after the drilling and blasting operations at the tunnel face are completed; the drilling and blasting construction unit fixes a sealing plate that matches the shape of the tunnel face at the tunnel face, and the detection data transmission line of the detection plate passes through the sealing plate and is then connected to the detection equipment.

[0014] On the other hand, in one possible implementation, the tunnel edge trench construction unit uses drilling machines and hydraulic hammers to alternately excavate trenches to form narrow trenches with a length of 10m to 25m and a depth of 8cm to 15cm.

[0015] On the other hand, in one possible implementation, a number of detection sensors are embedded on the detection board, and each detection sensor is connected to a detection device.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention involves installing a detection plate before tunnel drilling and blasting operations. The detection plate collects drilling and blasting data during the operation, and the detection equipment uses this data to adjust the drilling and blasting process. The detection plate of this invention detects rock and soil data in real time during the blasting and excavation process, and adjusts the drilling and blasting operation based on the rock and soil data to ensure the safety of the drilling and blasting operation. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 A flowchart of a detection method for tunnel drilling and blasting construction provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a detection system for tunnel drilling and blasting construction provided by the present invention; Figure 3 A diagram illustrating the structure of a single detection plate, the tunnel blasting direction, and the sealing plate provided by this invention. Figure 4 A diagram illustrating the structure of multiple detection plates, tunnel blasting excavation direction, and sealing plate provided by this invention. Figure 5 The diagram below illustrates the structure of multiple detection plates, tunnel blasting excavation direction, and sealing plate provided by this invention. Figure 6 Figure 2 shows the structure of a single detection plate, tunnel blasting direction, and sealing plate provided by the present invention. Figure 7 Example diagram of a plugged blast hole and surrounding auxiliary holes constructed from the tunnel face, provided by the present invention; Figure 8Figure 3 shows the structure of a single detection plate, the tunnel blasting direction, and the sealing plate provided by this invention. Figure 9 A partial cross-sectional view of the detector plate provided by the present invention; In the diagram, 1-tunnel face; 2-detection plate; 21-plate body; 22-detection sensor; 23-detection data transmission line; 24-elastic protective layer; 3-sealing plate; 31-through hole; 4-blocking blast hole; 5-peripheral auxiliary eye; 6-tunnel blasting direction; 7-blast hole. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be noted that these embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. Equivalent changes or substitutions in function, method, or structure made by those skilled in the art based on these embodiments are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] In the description of this embodiment, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0020] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0021] The terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of these terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] Example 1: Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a detection method for tunnel drilling and blasting construction, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Install the detection plate that matches the edge of the tunnel face into the tunnel edge groove. Excavate a narrow groove with a length of 10m to 25m along the contour of the tunnel face towards the tunnel drilling and blasting direction to form the tunnel edge groove. The shape of the tunnel edge groove matches the edge of the tunnel face.

[0023] The aforementioned "tunnel face," also known as the tunnel face, is a term used in tunnel construction. It refers to the working face that is continuously advanced during tunnel excavation (in coal mining, mining, or tunnel engineering). The edge of the tunnel face refers to its outer contour. A tunnel edge groove is a narrow groove formed by excavating a section of the contour that closely follows the outer contour of the tunnel.

[0024] Step one above includes: processing a detection plate to match the contour of the tunnel face, the detection plate being a single sheet or multiple sheets that match the edge of the tunnel face; slotting along the tunnel drilling and blasting direction close to the contour of the tunnel face to form a tunnel edge groove, with at least one tunnel edge groove, the groove length being 10m~25m, and the groove opening depth being 8cm~15cm; the thickness of the detection plate being less than the groove opening depth of the tunnel edge groove, and the detection plate being fitted with a gap when inserted into the tunnel edge groove.

[0025] Step one above also includes: the length of the tunnel face drilling and blasting construction in this stage is 8m~22m; the length of the tunnel edge trench in this stage is 10.2m~25.5m; the length of the detection plate in this stage is 10m~25m; when the detection plate is installed into the tunnel edge trench in this stage, the front end of the detection plate extends 2m~5m beyond the tunnel face drilling and blasting construction, and the end of the detection plate is located at the same tunnel cross section as the tunnel face, so that when the sealing plate contacts the tunnel face, it also contacts the end of the detection plate.

[0026] Please see Figures 3 to 9 The purpose of matching the detector plate 2 with the tunnel edge groove in this embodiment of the invention is to ensure that the detector plate 2 fits snugly against the tunnel edge groove. This allows the detector plate 2 to accurately collect data on the loosening of rock and soil during drilling and blasting operations at the tunnel face 1, and to accurately collect data on the rock and soil breakage caused by the shock waves generated during tunnel blasting. Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 8 The image shows the data collected from the entire probe plate 2, including rock and soil conditions. Figure 4 and Figure 5 Multiple probe plates 2 are used to collect rock and soil data. In actual construction, tunnel edge slots need to be constructed based on the conditions of the probe plates 2. The use of probe plates 2 is determined by the geological conditions of drilling and blasting. In this embodiment of the invention, both the tunnel edge slots and the probe plates 2 are matched to the contour of the tunnel face 1, so that the probe plates 2 can more accurately collect data on rock and soil during drilling and blasting excavation.

[0027] Step 2: Conduct drilling and blasting operations at the tunnel face. During the drilling and blasting process, avoid the detection plate. After the drilling and blasting operations at the tunnel face are completed, seal the blast holes.

[0028] Step two above includes: the tunnel face edges are regularly shaped and the surface of the tunnel face is flat; drilling and blasting construction is carried out on the tunnel face according to the design data such as drilling, charging, connection and detonation of the drilling and blasting design, avoiding the detection plate during the drilling and blasting construction; the blast holes are arranged and constructed according to the construction excavation outline and the parameters and number of blast holes. Before drilling the blast holes, the center line, horizontal line and cross-sectional outline of the excavation section are determined and the blast hole positions are marked; the explosive agent is filled into the bottom of the blast hole using a detonating cord, and the blast hole opening is blocked with a mixture of sand and clay, with a blocking length of 18cm~45cm.

[0029] Step two above also includes: ensuring that the position and direction accuracy of the blast holes meet the drilling and blasting design requirements during drilling and blasting construction at the tunnel face, so as to achieve the designed drilling and blasting excavation effect; evenly arranging peripheral auxiliary holes along the contour of the tunnel face, with the arrangement of peripheral auxiliary holes close to the cross-sectional shape of the drilling and blasting excavation, so that the tunnel cross-section excavated by blasting reaches the preset shape and preset size; both the blast holes and auxiliary holes are located inside the contour of the tunnel face, and the construction of the blast holes and auxiliary holes avoids the tunnel edge groove and the detection plate.

[0030] The purpose of this invention's embodiment in having drilling and blasting operations avoid the detection plate is to prevent damage to the detection plate during drilling and blasting operations, which would prevent accurate collection of rock and soil data later.

[0031] Step 3: Fix the sealing plate that matches the shape of the tunnel face to the tunnel face, and let the detection data transmission line of the detection plate pass through the sealing plate.

[0032] Step three above includes: during drilling and blasting operations at the tunnel face, the detection plate is connected to the detection equipment. The detection plate collects real-time rock and soil data during the drilling and blasting operations at the tunnel face and sends it to the detection equipment. Based on the real-time rock and soil data, the detection equipment coordinates with the design unit to adjust the drilling and blasting design, and adjusts the drilling and blasting operations at the tunnel face in real time according to the adjusted design. After the blast holes are plugged with a mixture of sand and clay, the connection between the detection plate and the detection equipment is removed. The detection data transmission line of the detection plate passes through the pre-reserved through hole on the sealing plate. The sealing plate is fixed to the tunnel face, ensuring an interference fit between the sealing plate and the tunnel wall, and the sealing plate is fixed from the direction of the excavated support of the tunnel. The detection data transmission line is reconnected to the detection equipment, allowing the detection plate and the detection equipment to work in coordination.

[0033] The purpose of the sealing plate in this embodiment of the invention is to prevent broken rock from splashing into the already constructed tunnel area during blasting and damaging the facilities and equipment there. The sealing plate in this embodiment is made of thickened iron plate, and the impact-bearing capacity of the thickened iron plate is greater than the impact force of broken rock during blasting.

[0034] Step 4: During the blasting and excavation process, the detection plate collects blasting data to form historical data. The detection equipment adjusts the drilling and blasting construction of the next tunnel face based on the historical data.

[0035] Step four above includes: real-time acquisition of blasting data by the detection plate during the blasting excavation process; real-time reception and processing of the blasting data by the detection equipment, forming historical data from the processed data; outputting optimization for the next stage of drilling and blasting construction based on the historical data of this stage and with reference to the historical data of the previous stage; and adjusting the blast hole parameters and number, charge quantity and charge structure, detonation sequence and detonation network of the next stage based on the drilling and blasting design and optimization for the next stage of drilling and blasting construction.

[0036] Please see Figure 8 and Figure 9 The detection plate 2 of this embodiment includes a plate body 21, a plurality of detection sensors 22, a detection data transmission line 23, and an elastic protective layer 24. The plurality of detection sensors 22 are embedded in the plate body 21, and the detection data transmission line 23 is housed in the plate body 21 and exposed on the outside of the plate body 21, for connecting the detection data transmission line 23 to detection equipment. It should be noted that the detection sensors 22 of this embodiment include sound sensors and vibration sensors. When performing blasting tunneling operations, setting up sound sensors and vibration sensors can not only collect rock and soil conditions, but also help monitor and evaluate the impact range and intensity of blasting tunneling. It is necessary to determine the boundary of the monitoring area. The position of the sound sensors and vibration sensors on the plate body 21 is determined by covering the entire blasting tunneling area. In this embodiment, the tunnel face 1 contour located around the blasting tunneling is selected to obtain accurate acoustic signals. In this embodiment, the detection plate 2 is set at the edge of the tunnel face 1, which is close to the blasting source but still safe, to arrange the sound sensors and vibration sensors. In this embodiment, the sound sensors are evenly distributed in the blasting tunneling area to obtain comprehensive acoustic data during the blasting tunneling process. The vibration sensor in this embodiment of the invention is used to capture the intensity and propagation path of vibration waves during the rock and soil breaking process in blasting excavation. In this embodiment, a vibration sensor distribution network is set within the plate body 21, covering the entire blasting excavation area. Data collected by both the sound sensor and the vibration sensor in this embodiment are transmitted to the detection device.

[0037] In this embodiment of the invention, a detection plate 2 is installed before tunnel drilling and blasting construction. The detection plate 2 collects drilling and blasting data during the construction. The detection equipment uses the drilling and blasting data to adjust the drilling and blasting construction. In this embodiment of the invention, the detection plate 2 detects rock and soil data in real time during the blasting and excavation process, and adjusts the drilling and blasting construction according to the rock and soil data to ensure the safety of drilling and blasting construction.

[0038] Based on the aforementioned detection method for tunnel drilling and blasting construction, please refer to... Figure 2 The present invention provides a detection system for tunnel drilling and blasting construction, including a tunnel edge trench construction unit, a blasting drilling unit, and a drilling and blasting construction unit.

[0039] The tunnel edge trench construction unit excavates a narrow trench with a length of 10m to 25m along the contour of the tunnel face towards the tunnel drilling and blasting direction to form the tunnel edge trench. The shape of the tunnel edge trench matches the edge of the tunnel face. The tunnel edge trench construction unit uses drilling machines and hydraulic hammers to alternately excavate the trench to form a narrow trench with a length of 10m to 25m and a depth of 8cm to 15cm.

[0040] The blasting drilling unit's detection plate is installed in the tunnel edge slot, matching the edge of the tunnel face. During blasting excavation, the detection plate collects blasting data. The detection equipment of the blasting drilling unit generates historical data from this data, which is then used to adjust the drilling and blasting operations for the next section of the tunnel face. Several detection sensors are embedded in the detection plate, and each sensor is connected to the detection equipment.

[0041] Among them: the drilling and blasting construction unit conducts drilling and blasting construction at the tunnel face, avoids the detection plate during the drilling and blasting construction, and blocks the blast holes after the drilling and blasting construction at the tunnel face is completed; the drilling and blasting construction unit fixes a sealing plate that matches the shape of the tunnel face at the tunnel face, and the detection data transmission line of the detection plate passes through the sealing plate and is connected to the detection equipment again.

[0042] It should be noted that in the blasting tunneling operation, the following measures are taken to achieve a smooth tunneling perimeter and tunneling face. (1) Adjust the drilling and blasting design scheme in real time according to the historical data collected by the detection equipment to achieve accurate blast hole layout and blast hole parameter selection. Before the next stage of drilling and blasting construction and blasting tunneling, the blast hole position and layout scheme of the next stage are re-determined and adjusted. The blast hole position is accurately arranged according to the shape of the blasting tunneling face, geological conditions and historical data required for a smooth blasting tunneling face. A reasonable blast hole layout can effectively achieve a smooth blasting face. Control the depth and angle of the blast holes to ensure that a smooth cross-section is formed during blasting tunneling. The depth and angle of the blast holes are adjusted in real time according to historical data to achieve the required smoothness. (2) Select a suitable blasting tunneling method. Select a suitable blasting tunneling method according to actual needs. Through reasonable charging method and detonation sequence, the crushing and displacement of rock and soil can be controlled to achieve a smooth blasting tunneling face. (3) Control blasting tunneling parameters. Reasonable control of blasting tunneling parameters, such as charge amount, charge density, and detonation time, plays an important role in achieving level blasting tunneling. (4) Guiding rock breaking; Arrange blast holes reasonably according to the area and breaking method required; Select appropriate positions and spacing to cover the entire breaking area and ensure that the blast holes are dense enough; Select appropriate charging methods to achieve breaking (including charging along the hole, ring charging, specific modes, etc.); Select the charging method that best guides rock breaking according to the requirements and control the charging parameters, such as charge amount and charge density; Of course, increasing the charge amount and charge density can enhance the breaking effect. Make appropriate adjustments according to geological conditions and needs and arrange the detonation sequence reasonably to affect the direction and process of rock breaking. Guide the rock to break in a specific way through an orderly detonation sequence to achieve the expected breaking effect.

[0043] The detailed descriptions listed above are merely specific descriptions of feasible embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the spirit of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0045] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A detection method for tunnel drilling and blasting construction, characterized in that, include: Step 1: Install the detection plate matching the edge of the tunnel face into the tunnel edge groove, and excavate a narrow groove with a length of 10m to 25m along the contour of the tunnel face towards the tunnel drilling and blasting direction to form the tunnel edge groove. The shape of the tunnel edge groove matches the edge of the tunnel face. Step 2: Drill and blast from the tunnel face. Avoid the detection plate during the drilling and blasting process. After the drilling and blasting at the tunnel face is completed, block the blast holes. Step 3: Fix the sealing plate that matches the shape of the tunnel face, and let the detection data transmission line of the detection plate pass through the sealing plate; Step 4: During the blasting and tunneling process, the detection plate collects blasting data to form historical data. The detection equipment adjusts the drilling and blasting construction of the next tunnel face based on the historical data. Step one includes: The detection plate is processed to match the contour of the tunnel face. The detection plate is a whole plate or multiple plates that match the edge of the tunnel face. A tunnel edge groove is formed by cutting a groove along the tunnel drilling and blasting direction close to the contour of the tunnel face. There is at least one tunnel edge groove, the length of which is 10m to 25m and the depth of which is 8cm to 15cm. The thickness of the detection plate is less than the groove depth of the tunnel edge groove, and the detection plate is fitted with the tunnel edge groove with a gap when it is installed. Step one also includes: The length of the tunnel face drilling and blasting operation in this stage is 8m to 22m. The length of the tunnel edge groove in this stage is 10.2m to 25.5m; The length of the detection board in this stage is 10m~25m; the detection board (2) includes a board body (21), several detection sensors (22), detection data transmission line (23) and elastic protective layer (24). Several detection sensors (22) are embedded in the board body (21). The detection data transmission line (23) is housed in the board body (21) and exposed on the outside of the board body (21) for the detection data transmission line (23) to connect to the detection equipment. The detection sensors (22) include sound sensors and vibration sensors. When the detection plate is installed into the tunnel edge groove during this stage, the front end of the detection plate extends 2m to 5m beyond the tunnel face during drilling and blasting. The end of the detection plate is located at the same tunnel cross section as the tunnel face, so that when the sealing plate contacts the tunnel face, it also contacts the end of the detection plate.

2. The detection method for tunnel drilling and blasting construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step two includes: The tunnel face has regular edges and a smooth surface. Drilling and blasting operations were carried out at the tunnel face according to the drilling, charging, wiring, and detonation design data of the drilling and blasting design, while avoiding the detection plate during the drilling and blasting operation. Based on the construction excavation outline, the blast holes are arranged and constructed according to the parameters and quantity of the blast holes. Before drilling the blast holes, the center line, horizontal line and cross-sectional outline of the excavation section are determined, and the positions of the blast holes are marked. The blasting agent is filled into the bottom of the blast hole using a detonating cord, and the opening of the blast hole is blocked with a mixture of sand and clay, with a blocking length of 18cm to 45cm.

3. A detection method for tunnel drilling and blasting construction according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Step two also includes: During drilling and blasting operations at the tunnel face, ensure that the position and direction accuracy of the blast holes meet the drilling and blasting design requirements in order to achieve the designed drilling and blasting excavation effect; Auxiliary holes are evenly arranged along the contour of the tunnel face. The arrangement of the auxiliary holes is close to the cross-sectional shape of the drill-and-blast excavation, so that the tunnel cross-section of the blast excavation reaches the preset shape and preset size. Both the blast holes and auxiliary holes are located inside the outline of the tunnel face, and the construction of both blast holes and auxiliary holes avoids the tunnel edge grooves and detection plates.

4. The detection method for tunnel drilling and blasting construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step three includes: During drilling and blasting operations at the tunnel face, a detection plate is connected to a detection device. The detection plate collects real-time rock and soil data during the drilling and blasting operations at the tunnel face and sends it to the detection device. The detection equipment coordinates with the design unit to adjust the drilling and blasting design based on real-time rock and soil data, and adjusts the drilling and blasting construction at the tunnel face in real time according to the adjusted drilling and blasting design. After the blast hole is plugged with a mixture of sand and clay, the connection between the detection plate and the detection equipment is removed, and the detection data transmission line of the detection plate passes through the pre-reserved wire hole on the plugging plate. Use sealing plates to fix them to the tunnel face, ensuring an interference fit between the sealing plates and the tunnel walls, and fix the sealing plates from the direction of the excavated support of the tunnel; Reconnect the probe data transmission line to the probe equipment to allow the probe board and probe equipment to work together.

5. The detection method for tunnel drilling and blasting construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step four includes: During the blasting and tunneling process, the detection plate collects blasting data in real time; The detection equipment receives and processes blasting data in real time, and the processed data is used to form historical data. Based on historical data from the current stage and referring to historical data from the previous stage, the detection equipment outputs optimizations for the next stage of drilling and blasting operations. Based on the drilling and blasting design and the next stage of drilling and blasting construction, optimize and adjust the parameters and number of blast holes, charge quantity and charge structure, detonation sequence and detonation network for the next stage.

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