A fuel cell cold start condition monitoring system and method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of fuel cell monitoring, and discloses a fuel cell cold start state monitoring system and a monitoring method, which comprises a lower computer, a detection sensor and an upper computer; the detection sensor is electrically connected with the lower computer; the detection sensor comprises temperature, humidity, voltage, current sensors and a heat dissipation system; wherein the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, the voltage sensor, the current sensor and the heat dissipation system transmit data to the lower computer; the upper computer communicates with the lower computer based on STM32 through RS485; the upper computer comprises a temperature and humidity monitoring module, a voltage and current monitoring module, a performance attenuation monitoring module and a heat dissipation monitoring module; the upper computer based on Labview is used for detecting the temperature, humidity, voltage, current and fan rotating speed of the fuel cell, and adjusting the working state of the fuel cell according to the detection result. The application improves the stability and reliability of the system by real-time detection and adjustment, and reduces the failure rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cell monitoring technology, and more specifically, to a fuel cell cold start state monitoring system and monitoring method. Background Technology

[0002] The process of rapidly reaching normal operating temperature from below 0°C during a fuel cell startup is called cold start. During cold start, water produced by the internal reaction of the fuel cell freezes below 0°C. If the rate at which the fuel cell temperature rises to its freezing point is slower than the rate of freezing, ice accumulation will increase, gradually clogging the reaction sites in the catalyst layer and the air intake channels, halting the electrochemical reaction and causing startup failure. Therefore, monitoring the cold start status of fuel cells, understanding the operating mechanism of the cold start process, analyzing the key factors affecting cold start, and applying appropriate startup strategies are crucial for solving cold start problems. However, current fuel cell cold start technology remains unstable, and research on monitoring the cold start status of fuel cells is insufficient. It is impossible to obtain real-time data on various aspects of the fuel cell during cold start, nor can the battery's operating state be adjusted promptly based on its condition.

[0003] Therefore, how to invent a fuel cell cold start state monitoring system and monitoring method has become an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention proposes a fuel cell cold start state monitoring system and monitoring method, which aims to solve the problem that the current fuel cell cold start state monitoring technology is imperfect and cannot adjust the battery working state in a timely manner.

[0005] In one aspect, the present invention proposes a fuel cell cold start state monitoring system, comprising:

[0006] The lower-level machine based on STM32, the detection sensor, and the upper-level machine based on LabVIEW;

[0007] The detection sensor is electrically connected to the STM32-based lower-level machine. The detection sensor includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a voltage sensor, a current sensor, and a heat dissipation system. Specifically, the temperature sensor transmits data to the lower-level machine via single-bus communication; the humidity sensor transmits data to the lower-level machine via IIC communication; the voltage sensor transmits data to the lower-level machine via AD conversion; the current sensor transmits data to the lower-level machine via CAN communication; and the heat dissipation system transmits fan opening information to the lower-level machine via CAN communication.

[0008] The LabVIEW-based host computer communicates with the STM32-based slave computer via RS485. The LabVIEW-based host computer includes a temperature and humidity monitoring module, a voltage and current monitoring module, a performance degradation monitoring module, and a heat dissipation monitoring module. The LabVIEW-based host computer is used to detect the temperature, humidity, voltage, current, and fan speed of the fuel cell, and adjust the working state of the fuel cell according to the detection results.

[0009] Furthermore, at least one temperature sensor is provided in the flow channel of the fuel cell stack to detect the real-time temperature inside the fuel cell.

[0010] Furthermore, the humidity sensor is installed inside the fuel cell compartment to collect humidity data within the fuel cell compartment;

[0011] Furthermore, both the voltage sensor and the current sensor are located at the output end of the fuel cell, and are used to collect the real-time voltage and real-time current of the fuel cell, respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, the heat dissipation system includes a four-wire cooling fan, which includes positive and negative power lines, an RD alarm signal line, and an FG speed measurement signal line.

[0013] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This application can monitor key parameters of the fuel cell in real time, such as temperature, humidity, voltage, current, and fan speed. This helps to identify potential problems in a timely manner and take necessary measures. By detecting and analyzing the performance of the fuel cell, the system can adjust the operating state of the fuel cell according to the actual situation to optimize performance and extend its lifespan. Abnormal conditions, such as excessively low temperature or abnormal current, are detected, thereby issuing timely alarms and adjusting battery operation to prevent damage or danger such as icing. Through communication with the cooling system, the system can monitor the fan opening data and adjust the cooling system as needed to maintain a suitable temperature and further avoid icing during cold starts.

[0014] On the other hand, this application also provides a method for monitoring the cold start state of a fuel cell, applied to the above-mentioned detection system, including:

[0015] The real-time temperature inside the fuel cell is collected, and the rotation speed of the cooling fan is determined based on the real-time temperature.

[0016] Once the speed of the cooling fan is determined, the ambient temperature is collected, and it is determined whether the speed should be adjusted based on the ambient temperature. The adjusted speed is obtained and the cooling fan is controlled to run at the adjusted speed.

[0017] The real-time humidity inside the fuel cell is collected, and the presence of icing risk is determined based on the real-time humidity and the ambient temperature. If the presence of icing risk is determined, the speed of the cooling fan is adjusted again after the adjustment.

[0018] When it is determined that the fuel cell has a risk of icing and the speed of the cooling fan is readjusted, the current and voltage data of the fuel cell are collected, the real-time power is obtained based on the current and voltage data, the real-time power is compared with a preset power threshold, and the comparison result is used to determine whether to correct the fuel supply speed of the fuel cell.

[0019] Furthermore, the step of collecting the real-time temperature inside the fuel cell and determining the speed of the cooling fan based on the real-time temperature includes:

[0020] A first preset temperature W1, a second preset temperature W2, and a third preset temperature W3 are preset, with W1 < W2 < W3; a first preset speed V1, a second preset speed V2, and a third preset speed V3 are preset, with V1 < V2 < V3; the speed of the cooling fan is determined based on the relationship between the real-time temperature W0 and each preset temperature.

[0021] When W1≤W0<W2, the rotational speed of the cooling fan is determined to be V1;

[0022] When W2≤W0<W3, the rotational speed of the cooling fan is determined to be V2;

[0023] When W3≤W0, the rotational speed of the cooling fan is determined to be V3.

[0024] Furthermore, the step of collecting ambient temperature after determining the speed of the cooling fan, determining whether to adjust the speed based on the ambient temperature, obtaining the adjusted speed, and controlling the cooling fan to operate at the adjusted speed includes:

[0025] A pre-set ambient temperature threshold Tmin is used. The ambient temperature T0 is compared with the ambient temperature threshold Tmin. Based on the comparison result, it is determined whether to adjust the speed Vi of the cooling fan, i = 1, 2, 3.

[0026] When T0 < Tmin, it is determined that the speed Vi of the cooling fan should be adjusted.

[0027] When T0 ≥ Tmin, it is determined that the speed Vi of the cooling fan will not be adjusted.

[0028] When it is determined that the speed Vi of the cooling fan needs to be adjusted, a first preset ambient temperature T1 and a second preset ambient temperature T2 are preset, and T1 < T2 < Tmin; a first preset adjustment coefficient A1, a second preset adjustment coefficient A2 and a third preset adjustment coefficient A3 are preset, and A1 < A2 < A3; the adjustment coefficient is selected according to the relationship between the ambient temperature T0 and each preset ambient temperature to adjust the speed Vi of the cooling fan, and the adjusted speed is obtained, i = 1, 2, 3;

[0029] When T0≤T1, the first preset adjustment coefficient A1 is selected to adjust the speed Vi of the cooling fan, and the adjusted speed Vi*A1 is obtained;

[0030] When T1 < T0 ≤ T2, the second preset adjustment coefficient A2 is selected to adjust the speed Vi of the cooling fan, and the adjusted speed Vi*A2 is obtained;

[0031] When T2≤T0<Tmin, the third preset adjustment coefficient A3 is selected to adjust the speed Vi of the cooling fan, and the adjusted speed Vi*A3 is obtained.

[0032] Furthermore, after selecting the i-th preset adjustment coefficient Ai to adjust the speed Vi of the cooling fan, and obtaining the adjusted speed Vi*Ai, where i = 1, 2, 3, the real-time humidity inside the fuel cell is collected, and the presence of icing risk is determined based on the real-time humidity and the ambient temperature. If an icing risk is determined, the adjusted speed of the cooling fan is adjusted again, including:

[0033] A humidity threshold Smax is preset, and the real-time humidity S0 is compared with the humidity threshold Smax. The ambient temperature T0 is also compared with the ambient temperature threshold Tmin. Based on the comparison results, it is determined whether there is a risk of freezing.

[0034] When S0 > Smax and T0 < Tmin, it is determined that there is a risk of icing.

[0035] When S0≤Smax or T0≥Tmin, it is determined that there is no risk of icing.

[0036] When it is determined that there is a risk of icing, the speed of the cooling fan is adjusted again based on the humidity difference △S=S0-Smax;

[0037] A first preset humidity difference value △S1, a second preset humidity difference value △S2, and a third preset humidity difference value △S3 are preset, and △S1 < △S2 < △S3;

[0038] When △S1≤△S<△S2, the third adjustment coefficient A3 is selected to adjust the adjusted speed Vi*Ai again to obtain the adjusted speed Vi*Ai*A3.

[0039] When △S2≤△S<△S3, select the second adjustment coefficient A2 to adjust the adjusted speed Vi*Ai again to obtain the adjusted speed Vi*Ai*A2;

[0040] When △S3≤△S, the first adjustment coefficient A1 is selected to adjust the adjusted speed Vi*Ai again to obtain the adjusted speed Vi*Ai*A1.

[0041] Furthermore, when it is determined that the fuel cell has a risk of icing and the speed of the cooling fan is readjusted, the current and voltage data of the fuel cell are collected, real-time power is obtained based on the current and voltage data, and the real-time power is compared with a preset power threshold. Based on the comparison result, it is determined whether to correct the fuel supply rate of the fuel cell, including:

[0042] A power threshold Pmin is preset, and the real-time power P0 is compared with the power threshold Pmin. Based on the comparison result, it is determined whether to correct the fuel supply rate L0 of the fuel cell.

[0043] When P0 < Pmin, it is determined that the fuel supply rate L0 of the fuel cell should be corrected.

[0044] When P0 ≥ Pmin, it is determined that the fuel supply rate L0 of the fuel cell will not be corrected.

[0045] When it is determined that the fuel supply speed L0 of the fuel cell needs to be corrected, a first preset power P1 and a second preset power P2 are preset, and P1 < P2 < Pmin. A first preset correction coefficient B1, a second preset correction coefficient B2 and a third preset correction coefficient B3 are preset, and B1 < B2 < B3.

[0046] The fuel supply speed L0 is corrected by selecting a correction coefficient based on the relationship between the real-time power P0 and each preset power.

[0047] When P0≤P1, the third preset correction coefficient B3 is selected to correct the fuel supply speed L0, and the corrected supply speed L0*B3 is obtained.

[0048] When P1 < P0 ≤ P2, the second preset correction coefficient B2 is selected to correct the fuel supply speed L0, and the corrected supply speed L0*B2 is obtained.

[0049] When P0 < Pmin, the first preset correction coefficient B1 is selected to correct the fuel supply speed L0, and the corrected supply speed L0*B1 is obtained.

[0050] It is understandable that the aforementioned fuel cell cold start monitoring system and monitoring method have the same beneficial effects, and will not be elaborated further here. Attached Figure Description

[0051] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0052] Figure 1 This is a functional block diagram of a fuel cell cold start status monitoring system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 This is a structural view of the fuel cell cold start state monitoring system provided in an embodiment of the present invention from one direction;

[0054] Figure 3 This is a structural view from another direction of the fuel cell cold start state monitoring system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the interface when the fuel cell cold start state monitoring system provided in the embodiment of the present invention is applied;

[0056] Figure 5 A flowchart of a fuel cell cold start state monitoring method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Among them, 11 is a temperature sensor; 12 is a humidity sensor; 13 is a voltage sensor; 14 is a current sensor; 15 is a heat dissipation system; 16 is a positive output terminal; and 17 is a negative output terminal. Detailed Implementation

[0058] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0059] Fuel cells are an environmentally friendly electrochemical energy conversion technology that produces electricity, heat, and water by reacting hydrogen or other hydrogen sources with oxygen without a combustion process.

[0060] Reference Figure 1-4 As shown in some embodiments of this application, a fuel cell cold start state monitoring system includes:

[0061] The system consists of an STM32-based lower-level computer, detection sensors, and a LabVIEW-based upper-level computer. The detection sensors are electrically connected to the STM32-based lower-level computer. The detection sensors include a temperature sensor 11, a humidity sensor 12, a voltage sensor 13, a current sensor 14, and a heat dissipation system 15. Specifically, the temperature sensor 11 transmits data to the lower-level computer via a single-bus communication, the humidity sensor 12 transmits data via IIC communication, the voltage sensor 13 transmits data via AD conversion, the current sensor 14 transmits data via CAN communication, and the heat dissipation system 15 transmits fan opening data to the lower-level computer via CAN communication. The LabVIEW-based upper-level computer communicates with the STM32-based lower-level computer via RS485. The LabVIEW-based upper-level computer includes temperature and humidity monitoring modules, voltage and current monitoring modules, performance degradation monitoring modules, and heat dissipation monitoring modules. The LabVIEW-based upper-level computer is used to detect the temperature, humidity, voltage, current, and fan speed of the fuel cell and adjust the fuel cell's operating state based on the detection results.

[0062] Specifically, the lower-level computer is the system's data acquisition unit, responsible for communicating with various sensors and the heat dissipation system 15 to collect data. The lower-level computer uses an STM32 microcontroller, a widely used microcontroller in embedded systems. The system is equipped with various sensors, including a temperature sensor 11, a humidity sensor 12, a voltage sensor 13, a current sensor 14, and sensors related to the heat dissipation system 15. Voltage sensor 13 and current sensor 14 are simultaneously located on the positive and negative output terminals 16 and 17, respectively. These sensors are used to monitor various parameters of the fuel cell in real time, such as temperature, humidity, voltage, current, and fan speed. The upper-level computer connects to the lower-level computer via RS485 communication to receive and analyze data transmitted from the lower-level computer. The LabVIEW-based upper-level computer is a computer program typically used to monitor, control, and analyze data and equipment related to laboratory equipment, industrial automation systems, or sensor networks. LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench) is a graphical programming environment used in data acquisition, control systems, and data analysis. It includes multiple monitoring modules, including temperature and humidity monitoring modules, voltage and current monitoring modules, performance degradation monitoring modules, and heat dissipation monitoring modules. These modules are used to monitor the status of the fuel cell in real time and perform data analysis, and the host computer can adjust the battery's operating status in a timely manner based on the data.

[0063] Understandably, the system can monitor key parameters of the fuel cell in real time. Based on the monitoring data, the host computer can automatically adjust the fuel cell's operating status. LabVIEW's data analysis tools can help better understand the data, identify potential problems, and formulate maintenance strategies. This facilitates real-time detection and anomaly warning, improves system stability and reliability, and reduces the failure rate.

[0064] In some embodiments of this application, at least one temperature sensor 11 is provided in the flow channel of the fuel cell stack to detect the real-time temperature inside the fuel cell.

[0065] Specifically, temperature sensor 11 is positioned within the flow channels of the fuel cell to measure the stack temperature in real time. This is crucial for the cold start process, as controlling the stack temperature is essential for preventing freezing, promoting electrochemical reactions, and maintaining normal battery operation in low-temperature environments. By installing temperature sensor 11 within the flow channels, temperature changes at different locations within the stack can be accurately monitored, allowing for timely intervention. This works in conjunction with other components in the system, particularly the LabVIEW host computer and the STM32 slave computer. The sensor transmits temperature data to the STM32 slave computer via various communication methods, where it is received, analyzed, and processed by the LabVIEW host computer. This enables the system to monitor the stack temperature in real time and adjust the battery's operating state as needed to ensure the temperature remains within a suitable range during cold starts.

[0066] Understandably, by installing temperature sensors 11 within the fuel cell stack, the system can measure the temperature at different locations in real time to ensure accurate control of the internal temperature of the stack. The LabVIEW host computer can then take intelligent control measures based on the temperature data, such as adjusting the cooling system 15 or starting / stopping the electrochemical reaction, to maintain a suitable temperature. Accurate control of the stack temperature can improve the efficiency and reliability of the cold start process, reducing the risk of icing and performance degradation. Monitoring temperature helps prevent damage or performance degradation caused by excessively high or low temperatures, thereby improving the reliability and lifespan of the fuel cell system.

[0067] In some embodiments of this application, the humidity sensor 12 is disposed inside the fuel cell compartment for collecting humidity data inside the fuel cell compartment.

[0068] Specifically, the humidity sensor 12 is installed inside the fuel cell compartment to measure the humidity level in real time. Humidity is one of the important parameters for fuel cell operation, affecting water film formation and water management processes within the fuel cell. Through the humidity sensor 12, the system can monitor changes in humidity within the compartment to ensure that the moisture level is appropriate, contributing to the normal operation of the fuel cell. The humidity sensor 12 works in conjunction with other components of the fuel cell cold start system, particularly with the LabVIEW host computer and the STM32 slave computer. The sensor transmits humidity data to the slave computer via IIC communication, and then the LabVIEW host computer receives, analyzes, and processes this data. This allows the system to monitor humidity in real time and take control measures as needed to maintain the humidity within the fuel cell within a suitable range.

[0069] Understandably, the system can monitor the humidity within the fuel cell compartment in real time to ensure that the moisture level is appropriate, which helps maintain normal battery operation. Data from the humidity sensor 12 can be used for water management strategies to ensure proper water film formation and water balance, thereby improving battery performance. By detecting humidity, icing problems caused by excessive humidity during cold starts can be avoided, thus improving the reliability of the fuel cell system.

[0070] In some embodiments of this application, voltage sensor 13 and current sensor 14 are both disposed at the output end of the fuel cell and are used to collect the real-time voltage and real-time current of the fuel cell, respectively.

[0071] Specifically, voltage sensor 13 is used to measure the voltage output of the fuel cell in real time, while current sensor 14 is used to measure the current output of the battery in real time. These two parameters are important indicators of fuel cell performance, directly affecting the battery's power output and efficiency. Through voltage sensor 13 and current sensor 14, the system can monitor changes in battery voltage and current in real time to understand the battery's operating status and performance. Voltage sensor 13 and current sensor 14 cooperate with other components of the system. They transmit voltage and current data to the STM32 lower-level computer via different communication methods (such as AD conversion and CAN communication), and then the LabVIEW upper-level computer receives, analyzes, and processes this data. This enables real-time monitoring of battery voltage and current, acquisition of real-time battery power, and the implementation of control measures as needed to maintain normal battery operation and optimize performance.

[0072] Understandably, voltage and current data can help identify battery performance degradation or malfunctions, and can also help control the battery's output power to meet the needs of specific applications.

[0073] In some embodiments of this application, the heat dissipation system 15 includes a four-wire cooling fan, which includes positive and negative power lines, an RD alarm signal line, and an FG speed measurement signal line.

[0074] Specifically, the fuel cell cooling module uses a four-wire cooling fan, consisting of positive and negative power lines, an RD alarm signal line, and an FG speed measurement signal line. The cooling fan is controlled by PWM based on the stack temperature. PWM control adjusts the fan speed by changing the pulse width of the power supply. Based on changes in the stack temperature, the system can adjust the fan speed by changing the duty cycle of the PWM signal to maintain a suitable stack temperature.

[0075] Understandably, by employing a four-wire cooling fan and PWM control, the system can adjust the fan speed in real time to meet the battery stack temperature requirements and improve heat dissipation efficiency. The RD alarm signal line is used to monitor the fan status; if a fault or abnormality occurs, it helps to detect problems promptly and take corrective action. The FG speed measurement signal line is used to measure the fan speed, helping the system monitor the fan's performance and operating status. By adjusting the fan speed in real time, the system can effectively prevent battery overheating and icing during cold starts.

[0076] In summary, this application enables real-time monitoring of key parameters of the fuel cell, such as temperature, humidity, voltage, current, and fan speed. This helps to identify potential problems promptly and take necessary measures. By detecting and analyzing the fuel cell's performance, the system can adjust the fuel cell's operating state according to actual conditions to optimize performance and extend its lifespan. Upon detecting abnormalities, such as excessively low temperature or abnormal current, the system can issue timely alarms and adjust battery operation to prevent damage or hazards such as icing. Through communication with the cooling system 15, the system can monitor fan opening data and adjust the cooling system 15 as needed to maintain a suitable temperature and further prevent icing during cold starts.

[0077] In another preferred embodiment based on the above embodiments, see [reference] Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment provides a fuel cell cold start state monitoring method, applied to the above system, including:

[0078] S100: Collects the real-time temperature inside the fuel cell and determines the speed of the cooling fan based on the real-time temperature.

[0079] S200: After determining the speed of the cooling fan, it collects the ambient temperature, determines whether to adjust the speed based on the ambient temperature, obtains the adjusted speed, and controls the cooling fan to run at the adjusted speed.

[0080] S300: Collects real-time humidity inside the fuel cell and determines whether there is a risk of icing based on the real-time humidity and ambient temperature. If an icing risk is determined, the speed of the cooling fan is adjusted again after the adjustment.

[0081] S400: When it is determined that there is a risk of icing in the fuel cell and the speed of the cooling fan is readjusted, the current and voltage data of the fuel cell are collected, the real-time power is obtained based on the current and voltage data, the real-time power is compared with the preset power threshold, and the fuel supply speed of the fuel cell is corrected based on the comparison result.

[0082] Understandably, by monitoring temperature and humidity in real time and adjusting the cooling fan speed accordingly, maintaining the battery's internal temperature and humidity within a suitable range improves battery performance and lifespan. Monitoring humidity and ambient temperature assesses the risk of icing and allows for preventative measures to address freezing issues. Monitoring current and voltage in real time adjusts the battery's power output to adapt to varying load conditions. Intelligent adjustments based on real-time data enhance the system's adaptability and stability.

[0083] In some embodiments of this application, the real-time temperature inside the fuel cell is collected, and the rotational speed of the cooling fan is determined based on the real-time temperature. This includes: presetting a first preset temperature W1, a second preset temperature W2, and a third preset temperature W3, where W1 < W2 < W3. Presetting a first preset rotational speed V1, a second preset rotational speed V2, and a third preset rotational speed V3, where V1 < V2 < V3. The rotational speed of the cooling fan is determined based on the relationship between the real-time temperature W0 and each preset temperature. When W1 ≤ W0 < W2, the rotational speed of the cooling fan is determined to be V1. When W2 ≤ W0 < W3, the rotational speed of the cooling fan is determined to be V2. When W3 ≤ W0, the rotational speed of the cooling fan is determined to be V3.

[0084] Understandably, by intelligently adjusting the cooling fan speed, the system can effectively control the internal temperature of the battery, ensuring temperature stability under different workloads and environmental conditions. Preventing the battery from becoming too cold helps extend battery life and improve system reliability. The system automatically selects the most suitable cooling strategy based on different situations, requiring no manual intervention.

[0085] In some embodiments of this application, after determining the speed of the cooling fan, the ambient temperature is collected, and a decision is made based on the ambient temperature as to whether to adjust the speed. The adjusted speed is then obtained and the cooling fan is controlled to operate at the adjusted speed. This includes: pre-setting an ambient temperature threshold Tmin; comparing the ambient temperature T0 with the ambient temperature threshold Tmin; and determining whether to adjust the cooling fan speed Vi based on the comparison result, where i = 1, 2, 3. When T0 < Tmin, it is determined that the cooling fan speed Vi should be adjusted. When T0 ≥ Tmin, it is determined that the cooling fan speed Vi should not be adjusted.

[0086] When it is determined that the fan speed Vi needs adjustment, a first preset ambient temperature T1 and a second preset ambient temperature T2 are preset, where T1 < T2 < Tmin. A first preset adjustment coefficient A1, a second preset adjustment coefficient A2, and a third preset adjustment coefficient A3 are preset, where A1 < A2 < A3. The fan speed Vi is adjusted based on the relationship between the ambient temperature T0 and each preset ambient temperature, obtaining the adjusted speed, i = 1, 2, 3. When T0 ≤ T1, the first preset adjustment coefficient A1 is selected to adjust the fan speed Vi, obtaining the adjusted speed Vi*A1. When T1 < T0 ≤ T2, the second preset adjustment coefficient A2 is selected to adjust the fan speed Vi, obtaining the adjusted speed Vi*A2. When T2 ≤ T0 < Tmin, the third preset adjustment coefficient A3 is selected to adjust the fan speed Vi, obtaining the adjusted speed Vi*A3.

[0087] Understandably, the automatic adjustment of the cooling fan speed based on the ambient temperature ensures that the battery maintains a stable temperature under different environmental conditions, preventing excessive cooling and icing in extreme environments.

[0088] In some embodiments of this application, after selecting the i-th preset adjustment coefficient Ai to adjust the speed Vi of the cooling fan, and obtaining the adjusted speed Vi*Ai, i = 1, 2, 3, the real-time humidity inside the fuel cell is collected. The presence of icing risk is determined based on the real-time humidity and ambient temperature. If an icing risk is determined, the adjusted speed of the cooling fan is adjusted again, including: pre-setting a humidity threshold Smax, comparing the real-time humidity S0 with the humidity threshold Smax, and comparing the ambient temperature T0 with the ambient temperature threshold Tmin, and determining whether an icing risk exists based on the comparison results. When S0 > Smax and T0 < Tmin, an icing risk is determined. When S0 ≤ Smax or T0 ≥ Tmin, no icing risk is determined.

[0089] When an icing risk is detected, the fan speed is readjusted based on the humidity difference ΔS = S0 - Smax. A first preset humidity difference ΔS1, a second preset humidity difference ΔS2, and a third preset humidity difference ΔS3 are pre-set, where ΔS1 < ΔS2 < ΔS3. When ΔS1 ≤ ΔS < ΔS2, the adjusted fan speed Vi*Ai is readjusted again using the third adjustment coefficient A3 to obtain the adjusted fan speed Vi*Ai*A3. When ΔS2 ≤ ΔS < ΔS3, the adjusted fan speed Vi*Ai is readjusted again using the second adjustment coefficient A2 to obtain the adjusted fan speed Vi*Ai*A2. When ΔS3 ≤ ΔS, the adjusted fan speed Vi*Ai is readjusted again using the first adjustment coefficient A1 to obtain the adjusted fan speed Vi*Ai*A1.

[0090] Understandably, based on humidity and temperature data, the system can accurately assess the risk of icing, adjust the rotation speed to prevent icing, and simultaneously maintain battery stability and improve energy efficiency. Preventing ice formation can prevent damage or blockage of critical components, thus extending the lifespan of the battery and the system.

[0091] In some embodiments of this application, after determining that the fuel cell has a risk of icing and readjusting the speed of the cooling fan, current and voltage data of the fuel cell are collected. Real-time power is obtained based on the current and voltage data. The real-time power is compared with a preset power threshold. Based on the comparison result, it is determined whether to correct the fuel supply rate of the fuel cell. This includes: setting a preset power threshold Pmin, comparing the real-time power P0 with the power threshold Pmin, and determining whether to correct the fuel supply rate L0 of the fuel cell based on the comparison result. When P0 < Pmin, it is determined that the fuel supply rate L0 of the fuel cell should be corrected. When P0 ≥ Pmin, it is determined that the fuel supply rate L0 of the fuel cell should not be corrected.

[0092] When it is determined that the fuel supply rate L0 of the fuel cell needs to be corrected, a first preset power P1 and a second preset power P2 are preset, where P1 < P2 < Pmin. A first preset correction coefficient B1, a second preset correction coefficient B2, and a third preset correction coefficient B3 are also preset, where B1 < B2 < B3. The correction coefficients are selected to correct the fuel supply rate L0 based on the relationship between the real-time power P0 and each preset power. When P0 ≤ P1, the third preset correction coefficient B3 is selected to correct the fuel supply rate L0, resulting in a corrected supply rate L0*B3. When P1 < P0 ≤ P2, the second preset correction coefficient B2 is selected to correct the fuel supply rate L0, resulting in a corrected supply rate L0*B2. When P0 < Pmin, the first preset correction coefficient B1 is selected to correct the fuel supply rate L0, resulting in a corrected supply rate L0*B1.

[0093] Understandably, when the battery's actual power is insufficient, the fuel supply rate is intelligently adjusted to maintain normal battery operation. Multi-level adaptive control can improve the performance and stability of the battery system.

[0094] It is understandable that the aforementioned fuel cell cold start monitoring system and monitoring method have the same beneficial effects, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0095] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program goods. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program goods embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0096] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program goods according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0097] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0098] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0099] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the cold start state of a fuel cell, characterized in that, include: The real-time temperature inside the fuel cell is collected, and the rotation speed of the cooling fan is determined based on the real-time temperature. Once the speed of the cooling fan is determined, the ambient temperature is collected, and it is determined whether the speed should be adjusted based on the ambient temperature. The adjusted speed is obtained and the cooling fan is controlled to run at the adjusted speed. The real-time humidity inside the fuel cell is collected, and the presence of icing risk is determined based on the real-time humidity and the ambient temperature. If the presence of icing risk is determined, the speed of the cooling fan is adjusted again after the adjustment. When it is determined that the fuel cell has a risk of icing and the speed of the cooling fan is readjusted, the current and voltage data of the fuel cell are collected, the real-time power is obtained based on the current and voltage data, the real-time power is compared with a preset power threshold, and the fuel supply speed of the fuel cell is adjusted based on the comparison result. The process of collecting the real-time temperature inside the fuel cell and determining the speed of the cooling fan based on the real-time temperature includes: A first preset temperature W1, a second preset temperature W2, and a third preset temperature W3 are preset, with W1 < W2 < W3; a first preset speed V1, a second preset speed V2, and a third preset speed V3 are preset, with V1 < V2 < V3; the speed of the cooling fan is determined based on the relationship between the real-time temperature W0 and each preset temperature. When W1≤W0<W2, the rotational speed of the cooling fan is determined to be V1; When W2≤W0<W3, the rotational speed of the cooling fan is determined to be V2; When W3≤W0, the rotational speed of the cooling fan is determined to be V3; The step of determining the speed of the cooling fan, collecting the ambient temperature, determining whether to adjust the speed based on the ambient temperature, obtaining the adjusted speed, and controlling the cooling fan to run at the adjusted speed includes: A pre-set ambient temperature threshold Tmin is used. The ambient temperature T0 is compared with the ambient temperature threshold Tmin. Based on the comparison result, it is determined whether to adjust the speed Vi of the cooling fan, i=1,2,3. When T0 < Tmin, it is determined that the speed Vi of the cooling fan should be adjusted. When T0 ≥ Tmin, it is determined that the speed Vi of the cooling fan will not be adjusted. When it is determined that the speed Vi of the cooling fan needs to be adjusted, a first preset ambient temperature T1 and a second preset ambient temperature T2 are preset, and T1 < T2 < Tmin; a first preset adjustment coefficient A1, a second preset adjustment coefficient A2 and a third preset adjustment coefficient A3 are preset, and A1 < A2 < A3; the adjustment coefficient is selected according to the relationship between the ambient temperature T0 and each preset ambient temperature to adjust the speed Vi of the cooling fan, and the adjusted speed is obtained, i = 1, 2, 3; When T0≤T1, the first preset adjustment coefficient A1 is selected to adjust the speed Vi of the cooling fan, and the adjusted speed Vi*A1 is obtained; When T1 < T0 ≤ T2, the second preset adjustment coefficient A2 is selected to adjust the speed Vi of the cooling fan, and the adjusted speed Vi*A2 is obtained; When T2≤T0<Tmin, the third preset adjustment coefficient A3 is selected to adjust the speed Vi of the cooling fan, and the adjusted speed Vi*A3 is obtained.

2. The fuel cell cold start state monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After adjusting the speed Vi of the cooling fan by selecting the i-th preset adjustment coefficient Ai, and obtaining the adjusted speed Vi*Ai, where i=1, 2, 3, the real-time humidity inside the fuel cell is collected. Based on the real-time humidity and the ambient temperature, it is determined whether there is a risk of icing. If an icing risk is determined, the adjusted speed of the cooling fan is adjusted again, including: A humidity threshold Smax is preset, and the real-time humidity S0 is compared with the humidity threshold Smax. The ambient temperature T0 is also compared with the ambient temperature threshold Tmin. Based on the comparison results, it is determined whether there is a risk of freezing. When S0 > Smax and T0 < Tmin, it is determined that there is a risk of icing. When S0≤Smax or T0≥Tmin, it is determined that there is no risk of icing. When it is determined that there is a risk of icing, the speed of the cooling fan is adjusted again based on the humidity difference △S=S0-Smax; A first preset humidity difference value △S1, a second preset humidity difference value △S2, and a third preset humidity difference value △S3 are preset, and △S1 < △S2 < △S3; When △S1≤△S<△S2, the third preset adjustment coefficient A3 is selected to adjust the adjusted rotational speed Vi*Ai again to obtain the adjusted rotational speed Vi*Ai*A3. When △S2≤△S<△S3, select the second preset adjustment coefficient A2 to adjust the adjusted speed Vi*Ai again to obtain the adjusted speed Vi*Ai*A2; When △S3≤△S, the first preset adjustment coefficient A1 is selected to adjust the adjusted speed Vi*Ai again to obtain the adjusted speed Vi*Ai*A1.

3. The fuel cell cold start state monitoring method according to claim 2, characterized in that, When it is determined that the fuel cell has a risk of icing and the speed of the cooling fan is readjusted, the current and voltage data of the fuel cell are collected. Real-time power is obtained based on the current and voltage data. The real-time power is compared with a preset power threshold. Based on the comparison result, it is determined whether to correct the fuel supply rate of the fuel cell, including: A power threshold Pmin is preset, and the real-time power P0 is compared with the power threshold Pmin. Based on the comparison result, it is determined whether to correct the fuel supply rate L0 of the fuel cell. When P0 < Pmin, it is determined that the fuel supply rate L0 of the fuel cell should be corrected. When P0 ≥ Pmin, it is determined that the fuel supply rate L0 of the fuel cell will not be corrected. When it is determined that the fuel supply speed L0 of the fuel cell needs to be corrected, a first preset power P1 and a second preset power P2 are preset, and P1 < P2 < Pmin. A first preset correction coefficient B1, a second preset correction coefficient B2 and a third preset correction coefficient B3 are preset, and B1 < B2 < B3. The fuel supply speed L0 is corrected by selecting a correction coefficient based on the relationship between the real-time power P0 and each preset power. When P0≤P1, the third preset correction coefficient B3 is selected to correct the fuel supply speed L0, and the corrected supply speed L0*B3 is obtained. When P1 < P0 ≤ P2, the second preset correction coefficient B2 is selected to correct the fuel supply speed L0, and the corrected supply speed L0*B2 is obtained. When P0 < Pmin, the first preset correction coefficient B1 is selected to correct the fuel supply speed L0, and the corrected supply speed L0*B1 is obtained.

4. A fuel cell cold start state monitoring system, used to execute the fuel cell cold start state monitoring method as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, include: The lower-level machine based on STM32, the detection sensor, and the upper-level machine based on LabVIEW; The detection sensor is electrically connected to the STM32-based lower-level machine. The detection sensor includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a voltage sensor, a current sensor, and a heat dissipation system. Specifically, the temperature sensor transmits data to the lower-level machine via single-bus communication; the humidity sensor transmits data to the lower-level machine via IIC communication; the voltage sensor transmits data to the lower-level machine via AD conversion; the current sensor transmits data to the lower-level machine via CAN communication; and the heat dissipation system transmits fan opening information to the lower-level machine via CAN communication. The LabVIEW-based host computer communicates with the STM32-based slave computer via RS485. The LabVIEW-based host computer includes a temperature and humidity monitoring module, a voltage and current monitoring module, a performance degradation monitoring module, and a heat dissipation monitoring module. The LabVIEW-based host computer is used to detect the temperature, humidity, voltage, current, and fan speed of the fuel cell, and adjust the working state of the fuel cell according to the detection results.

5. The fuel cell cold start state monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that, At least one temperature sensor is installed in the flow channel of the fuel cell stack to detect the real-time temperature inside the fuel cell.

6. The fuel cell cold start state monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The humidity sensor is installed inside the fuel cell compartment and is used to collect humidity data inside the fuel cell compartment.

7. The fuel cell cold start state monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that, Both the voltage sensor and the current sensor are located at the output end of the fuel cell, and are used to collect the real-time voltage and real-time current of the fuel cell, respectively.

8. The fuel cell cold start state monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The heat dissipation system includes a four-wire cooling fan, which includes positive and negative power lines, an RD alarm signal line, and an FG speed measurement signal line.

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