Integrated base station antenna

Abstract

This invention discloses an integrated base station antenna, belonging to the field of antenna technology. The base station antenna includes an active antenna, a passive antenna, and a functional element. The internal structure of the passive antenna, through which the electromagnetic waves radiated by the active antenna pass, is replaced by this functional element. This functional element is configured to be non-transparent to the electromagnetic waves radiated by the passive antenna, transparent to the electromagnetic waves radiated by the active antenna, and to feed and process signals to the radiating element. By replacing the original internal structure of the passive antenna with the functional element, this invention reduces the influence of the original internal structure on the electromagnetic waves radiated by the active antenna, thereby improving the performance of the integrated base station antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an integrated base station antenna. Background Technology

[0002] 5G base stations are a crucial component of 5G networks, serving as the infrastructure for receiving and transmitting wireless signals. Compared to 4G base stations, 5G base stations offer advantages such as higher frequency bandwidth, faster data transmission rates, and lower latency, enabling them to support more simultaneous user connections and provide faster and more stable data transmission. Currently, to rapidly deploy 5G base stations, the primary approach is to add 5G antennas and equipment to existing 4G base stations. Because A+P base station antennas (integrated active and passive antennas) that combine 4G and 5G technologies offer advantages in terms of space, wind load, and management, they are widely used in 5G base station deployment and represent an important direction for the future evolution of base station antennas.

[0003] However, when passive and active antennas are combined, the internal structure of the passive antenna, such as reflectors, has a certain impact on the electromagnetic waves radiated by the active antenna, ultimately affecting its performance. At the same time, this also means that the space occupied by the passive antenna cannot be fully utilized; the active antenna can only be placed in suitable areas to reduce the impact of the passive antenna's internal structure on its performance.

[0004] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated base station antenna that can reduce the influence of the internal structure of the original passive antenna on the electromagnetic waves radiated by the active antenna, thereby improving the performance of the integrated base station antenna.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, embodiments of the present invention provide a base station antenna, including...

[0007] A passive antenna, including a first radiating element, is configured to radiate electromagnetic waves.

[0008] An active antenna, including a second radiating element, is configured to radiate electromagnetic waves toward the direction of the passive antenna.

[0009] The functional element is configured to selectively transmit electromagnetic waves and selectively feed signals to a radiating element, and process the signals at least once; wherein,

[0010] The functional element is electrically connected to the first radiation unit. The functional element is located between the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit, and is located in the radiation direction of the second radiation unit. The electromagnetic waves radiated by the functional element to the first radiation unit are non-transparent, while the electromagnetic waves radiated by the second radiation unit are transparent.

[0011] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the functional element is configured to selectively transmit electromagnetic waves and to feed and process signals to the first radiating unit.

[0012] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the functional element is a printed circuit board, which is configured to integrate at least one of selective transmission of electromagnetic waves and selective feeding of signals to a radiating unit and processing of the signals.

[0013] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the printed circuit board includes

[0014] The first printed circuit board is configured to selectively transmit electromagnetic waves;

[0015] At least one of a second printed circuit board and a third printed circuit board, wherein the second printed circuit board is configured to feed a signal to the radiating element, and the third printed circuit board is configured to process the signal; wherein...

[0016] The first printed circuit board and at least one of the second and third printed circuit boards are on the same plane or stacked.

[0017] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the functional element is a plastic material component, which is configured to integrate at least one of selectively transmitting electromagnetic waves and feeding signals to a radiating unit and processing the signals.

[0018] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the functional element is a hollow plate or a semi-hollow plate, which is configured to integrate at least one of selective transmission of electromagnetic waves and selective feeding of signals to a radiating unit and processing of the signals.

[0019] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the functional element is configured to selectively transmit electromagnetic waves through a frequency-selective surface.

[0020] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, at least one of feeding a signal to the radiation unit and processing the signal is configured at a location where the functional element does not have the greatest impact on electromagnetic radiation.

[0021] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the functional element includes

[0022] The frequency selective unit is configured to selectively transmit electromagnetic waves;

[0023] At least one of a power supply unit and a signal processing unit, wherein the power supply unit is configured to feed a signal to the passive radiating unit, and the signal processing unit is configured to process the signal.

[0024] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the functional element further includes a ground layer configured to provide ground functionality to the signal processing unit, the ground layer being a frequency selective surface.

[0025] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the functional element includes a phase adjustment component configured to adjust the phase of a signal, the phase adjustment component being located on the surface of the functional element or within a passive antenna at a location where the influence on electromagnetic wave radiation is not greatest.

[0026] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the phase adjustment component includes a dielectric layer, a first coupling signal conductor layer, a ground layer, and a second coupling signal conductor layer, wherein the dielectric layer is located between the first coupling signal conductor layer and the ground layer, the first coupling signal conductor layer is located between the dielectric layer and the second coupling signal conductor layer, and the second coupling signal conductor layer is movable relative to the first coupling signal conductor layer.

[0027] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the formation is a frequency-selective surface.

[0028] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the phase adjustment assembly further includes a slot, the slot being located in the formation or penetrating at least one layer of the phase adjustment assembly.

[0029] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the signal processing is selected from one or more combinations of signal allocation, signal recombination, and signal phase adjustment.

[0030] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the electrical connection is selected from direct-connection power supply and coupled power supply.

[0031] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the functional element is disposed within the passive antenna.

[0032] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the integrated base station antenna includes multiple passive antennas and multiple active antennas, each passive antenna corresponding to multiple active antennas, the multiple active antennas corresponding to the same functional element, or each active antenna corresponding to a functional element.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, (1) in the radiation direction of the active antenna, the present invention replaces the original internal structure (such as reflector) of the passive antenna with a functional element. This functional element can reflect the electromagnetic waves radiated by the passive antenna and transmit the electromagnetic waves radiated by the active antenna, thereby reducing the influence of the original internal structure on the electromagnetic waves radiated by the active radiation unit and improving the performance of the active antenna and the integrated base station antenna.

[0034] (2) This invention replaces the original internal structure with functional elements inside the passive antenna, so that the arrangement position of the active antenna is no longer restricted when the passive antenna is combined with several active antennas, thus improving the space utilization rate of the passive antenna when it is compatible with different types and numbers of active antennas. At the same time, without affecting the electrical performance of the antenna, the passive antenna realizes functions such as signal input and phase adjustment of the input signal. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an integrated base station antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an integrated base station antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of a passive antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a bottom-view schematic diagram of a passive antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a phase adjustment component and functional element combination according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the phase adjustment component structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.

[0042] Unless otherwise expressly stated, throughout the specification and claims, the term "comprising" or its variations such as "including" or "comprises" shall be understood to include the stated elements or components without excluding other elements or other components.

[0043] like Figure 1As shown, this is a preferred embodiment of the present invention of an integrated base station antenna. When the passive antenna 10 is combined with several active antennas 20, the original internal structure (including but not limited to the reflector) of the passive antenna 10 is replaced with functional element 13 in the radiation direction of the active antenna 20. This reduces or minimizes the influence of the original internal structure of the passive antenna 10 on the electromagnetic waves radiated by the active antenna 20, and improves the performance of the active antenna and the integrated base station antenna, such as standing wave ratio, gain, PIM (passive intermodulation), etc.

[0044] Specifically, such as Figure 1 The diagram shown is a cross-sectional schematic of an integrated base station antenna according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The integrated base station antenna includes a passive antenna 10 and at least one active antenna 20. Taking the left-right direction as an example, the passive antenna 10 is located in front of the active antenna 20, or in other words, the active antenna 20 is located behind the passive antenna 10. Figure 2 As shown, when the base station antenna includes multiple active antennas 20, the multiple active antennas 20 are arranged vertically on the back of the passive antenna 10. Of course, in other embodiments, the integrated base station antenna may also include multiple passive antennas 10 and multiple active antennas 20, with each passive antenna 10 corresponding to multiple active antennas 20, and the multiple active antennas 20 arranged vertically on the back of the corresponding passive antenna 10. In specific implementations, the passive antenna 10 and the active antenna 20 can be integrated into one unit through corresponding connectors to form the integrated base station antenna.

[0045] The passive antenna 10 includes a first radome 11 and a first radiating element 12. The first radome 11 is configured to house and protect components such as the first radiating element 12. In practice, the first radome 11 is preferably made of a high-transmittance material. The first radiating element 12 is configured to receive and radiate low-frequency electromagnetic waves, and it includes a plurality of first radiating elements, which can be arranged in an array structure.

[0046] The active antenna 20 includes a second radome 21 and a second radiating element 22. The second radome 21 is configured to house and protect the second radiating element 22. In practice, the second radome 21 is preferably made of a high-transmittance material. The second radiating element 22, assembled within the second radome 21, is configured to radiate high-frequency electromagnetic waves toward the passive antenna 10. It includes a plurality of second radiating elements, which can be arranged in an array structure to receive and radiate high-frequency electromagnetic waves.

[0047] The integrated base station antenna also includes a functional element 13, which is configured to selectively transmit electromagnetic waves and selectively feed signals to radiating elements, and process signals, at least one of the following:

[0048] In this embodiment, the functional element 13 can be electrically connected to the first radiating unit 12 via a direct electrical connection. Of course, in other embodiments, the functional element 13 can also be electrically connected to the first radiating unit 12 in other ways, such as coupling, induction, wire connection, coaxial cable connection, adapter connection, etc. Signal processing is selected from one or more combinations of signal distribution and signal recombination. Signal distribution includes, but is not limited to, dividing a single signal into N signals, and signal recombination includes, but is not limited to, combining N signals into a single signal. Of course, in other embodiments, signal processing may also include signal phase adjustment. Therefore, in specific implementations, signal processing can also be selected from one or more combinations of signal distribution, signal recombination, and signal phase adjustment.

[0049] Furthermore, in order to reduce or minimize the impact of the original internal structure of the passive antenna 10 on the performance of the active antenna 20 and the integrated base station antenna, structures such as reflectors within the passive antenna 10 can reflect and block the high-frequency electromagnetic waves radiated by the second radiating element 22, thereby affecting the transmission of the high-frequency electromagnetic waves radiated by the second radiating element 22 and reducing the performance of the active antenna 20. Figure 1 As shown, in the radiation direction of the active antenna 10, the internal structure (including but not limited to the reflector) of the passive antenna is replaced with a functional element 13, so that the electromagnetic waves radiated by the second radiating unit 22 can be radiated to the outside through the functional element 13. This reduces or minimizes the impact of the internal structure of the passive antenna 10 on the performance of the active antenna 20 and the integrated base station antenna. In other words, only the functional element 13 is provided in the electromagnetic wave radiation direction of the second radiating unit 22, and it is made transparent to the high-frequency electromagnetic waves radiated by the second radiating unit 22, but non-transparent to the low-frequency electromagnetic waves radiated by the first radiating unit 12. This can effectively reduce or minimize the impact of the original internal structure of the passive antenna 10 on the performance of the active antenna 20 and the integrated base station antenna.

[0050] This invention replaces the original internal structure of the passive antenna with a functional element 13. This functional element 13 exhibits high transparency to the high-frequency electromagnetic waves radiated by the second radiating element 22 and is non-transparent to the low-frequency electromagnetic waves radiated by the first radiating element 12, thereby avoiding the influence of structures such as reflectors on high-frequency electromagnetic waves. Simultaneously, this functional element 13 can also feed signals to the first radiating element 12 and / or process the fed signals. In other words, the functional element 13 integrates the selective electromagnetic wave transmission structure, signal feeding, and / or signal processing structure into one unit. On the one hand, it can significantly reduce the impact of existing passive antenna 10 structures such as feeding, phase adjustment, and reflectors on the performance of the active antenna 20 and the integrated base station antenna. On the other hand, by replacing the existing passive antenna 10 structures such as feeding, phase adjustment, and reflectors with the functional element 13, it also contributes to the lightweighting of the integrated base station antenna.

[0051] Furthermore, in implementation, it is optimal to replace the entire structure within the passive antenna 10 with this functional element 13, such as... Figure 2 As shown. By replacing all internal structures with this functional element 13, the influence of internal structures such as reflectors on the electromagnetic waves radiated by the active antenna 20 can be reduced or minimized. Simultaneously, replacing all internal structures such as reflectors with functional element 13 also facilitates the arrangement of the active antenna 20, freeing its placement from the constraints of reflectors, thus improving the compatibility and space utilization of the passive antenna 10. Furthermore, it enhances the overall efficiency, electrical performance, and adaptability of the integrated antenna.

[0052] Furthermore, in implementation, the functional element 13 can, based on the overall performance requirements of the integrated base station antenna and the number and distribution of the first radiating elements in the passive antenna 10, feed signals to the radiating elements in the passive antenna 10 and process those signals by adding or changing its own design features, processes, or materials. Similarly, the functional element 13 can also achieve frequency selection functionality adapted to the active element 11 by adding or changing its own design features, processes, or materials, ensuring that the electromagnetic waves radiated by the active antenna 20 are transparent. For example, when the base station antenna includes multiple active antennas 20, the multiple active antennas 20 are arranged vertically on the back of the passive antenna 10. In this case, the multiple active antennas 20 can correspond to the same functional element, and the functional element 13 has corresponding frequency selection regions for different active antennas 20, so that the electromagnetic waves radiated by the corresponding active antennas can pass through. Of course, each active antenna can also correspond to a functional element, which can be set according to actual needs.

[0053] like Figure 3The diagram shows a structural schematic of a functional element 13 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It includes a frequency selection unit 131, and at least one of a power supply unit 132 and a signal processing unit 133. The frequency selection unit 131 is configured to selectively transmit electromagnetic waves; that is, it is non-transparent to electromagnetic waves radiated by the first radiation unit 12 but transparent to electromagnetic waves radiated by the second radiation unit 22. The power supply unit 132 is configured to supply power to the first radiating element in the first radiation unit 12, i.e., to feed a signal. The signal processing unit 133 is configured to process the fed signal. In practice, it is preferable that the functional element 13 includes the frequency selection unit 131, the power supply unit 132, and the signal processing unit 133, with the power supply unit 132 electrically connected to the first radiation unit 12 via the signal processing unit 133. The power supply unit 132 receives the signal and feeds it to the signal processing unit 133. After the signal processing unit 133 processes the signal, it can be further transmitted directly or via the power supply unit 132 to the first radiation unit 12.

[0054] Furthermore, at least one of the frequency selection unit 131, the power supply unit 132, and the signal processing unit 133 can be integrated into a printed circuit board. That is, the printed circuit board integrates at least one function: selectively transmitting electromagnetic waves, selectively feeding signals to the radiation unit, and processing the signals. In specific implementations, different layers of the printed circuit board can be respectively configured as the frequency selection unit 131, the power supply unit 132, and the signal processing unit 133, or different areas of the same layer of the printed circuit board can be respectively configured as the frequency selection unit 131, the power supply unit 132, and the signal processing unit 133, such as... Figure 3 As shown, a portion of the area is configured as a frequency selection unit 131, a portion as a power supply unit 132, and a portion as a signal processing unit 133. Of course, in other embodiments, the frequency selection unit 131, the power supply unit 132, and the signal processing unit 133 can be constructed from different printed circuit boards. For example, the frequency selection unit 131 can be constructed from a first printed circuit board capable of selectively transmitting electromagnetic waves; the power supply unit 132 can be constructed from a second printed circuit board capable of feeding signals to the radiating unit; and the signal processing unit 133 can be constructed from a third printed circuit board capable of processing signals. These different printed circuit boards can be arranged on the same plane or stacked.

[0055] Of course, in other embodiments, at least one of the frequency selection unit 131, the power supply unit 132, and the signal processing unit 133 can be integrated into a plastic material component. This integration can be achieved through methods including, but not limited to, electroplating, etching, printing, and bonding. Alternatively, at least one of the frequency selection unit 131, the power supply unit 132, and the signal processing unit 133 can be integrated into a hollow or semi-hollowed-out plate component.

[0056] Furthermore, when different printed circuit boards are arranged on the same plane, at least one of the power supply unit 132 and the signal processing unit 133 is usually placed in a position where the impact on electromagnetic wave radiation is not the greatest, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the power supply unit 132 is arranged at the edge. When different printed circuit boards are stacked, at least one of the power supply unit 132 and the signal processing unit 133 should usually be arranged at a position where the impact on electromagnetic wave radiation is not the greatest, such as arranging the power supply unit 132 at the edge.

[0057] In this embodiment, the frequency selection unit 131 is a frequency selection surface, which is a single-screen or multi-screen periodic array structure composed of a large number of passive resonant units, and is composed of periodically arranged metal patch units or periodically arranged aperture units on a metal screen. This structure can exhibit total reflection characteristics (pattern type) or total transmission characteristics (aperture type) near a specific resonant frequency. The design of the frequency selection surface layer can be adjusted accordingly according to the frequency and performance requirements of the integrated base station antenna. The feeding unit 132 includes a signal transmission line configured to transmit signals, which includes, but is not limited to, microstrip lines and coaxial cables, and can be set according to actual needs. The signal processing unit 133 includes a signal processing circuit configured to process signals.

[0058] In addition, the design and distribution of the frequency selection unit 131, the power supply unit 132 and the signal processing unit 133, including their location, size, and quantity, will be adjusted according to the electrical performance requirements of the integrated base station antenna. When the passive antenna 10 is compatible with two or more active antennas 20, the design patterns of each unit in the functional element 13 can be different, and each unit in the functional element 13 can be distinguished from different design areas without affecting the spatial distribution of each unit.

[0059] Furthermore, such as Figure 4As shown, functional element 13 also includes a ground element 134 configured to provide ground functionality to signal processing unit 133. This ground element 134 is positioned on the same side or opposite side of signal processing unit 133 (e.g., on opposite end faces of functional element 13). To reduce the impact of ground element 134 on electromagnetic waves radiated by active antenna 20, ground element 134 can be replaced by a frequency selective surface, achieving the same function as ground element 134 while reducing the impact on the performance of active antenna 20. The design, location, size, and quantity of ground element 134 will be adjusted according to the electrical performance requirements of the integrated base station antenna.

[0060] Combination Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, when the signal requires phase adjustment, the functional element 13 also includes a phase adjustment component 135 for realizing signal phase adjustment. This phase adjustment component 135 can be disposed on the surface of the functional element 13, on both sides of the passive antenna 10, or at other locations that do not affect the electrical performance of the integrated base station antenna, to achieve signal phase adjustment, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the phase adjustment component 135 is disposed on the surface of the frequency selection unit 131 of the functional element 13. In a specific implementation, the signal processing unit 133 can be integrated with the phase adjustment component 135 to reduce the installation of components and reduce the impact on the performance of the active antenna 20 and the integrated base station antenna.

[0061] like Figure 6 As shown, the phase adjustment component 135 includes a dielectric layer 135a, a first coupling signal conductor layer 135b, a ground layer 135c, and a second coupling signal conductor layer 135d. The dielectric layer 135a is located between the first coupling signal conductor layer 135b and the ground layer 135c. The first coupling signal conductor layer 135b is located between the dielectric layer 135a and the second coupling signal conductor layer 135d, and the second coupling signal conductor layer 135d is movable relative to the first coupling signal conductor layer 135b. In a specific implementation, a corresponding driving mechanism, such as a drive mechanism consisting of a motor and a lead screw, drives the second coupling signal conductor layer 135d to move relative to the first coupling signal conductor layer 135b, thereby changing the actual physical length of the signal transmission path and achieving phase adjustment.

[0062] Furthermore, the phase adjustment component 135 also includes a slot, which can be entirely located within the ground layer 135c or can penetrate other layers of the phase adjustment component 135, such as penetrating the ground layer 135c, dielectric layer 135a, etc. In specific implementations, the size of the slot (such as the length and width of the slot) can be determined according to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. By setting the slot structure, the impact of the phase adjustment component 135 on the performance of the integrated base station antenna can be reduced or minimized, such as reducing the impact on the electromagnetic waves radiated by the second radiating element 22, etc.

[0063] Furthermore, in the phase adjustment component 135, to reduce the impact of the ground plane 135c on the performance of the active antenna 20, a frequency selective surface (such as a slotted frequency selective surface) can be constructed to replace the ground plane 135c. This achieves the same function as the original ground plane 135c while reducing or minimizing its impact on the performance of the active antenna 20. By constructing a frequency selective surface to replace the ground plane 135c in a conventional phase adjustment device (such as a microstrip phase shifter), the impact on the electrical performance of the integrated base station antenna can be reduced. In addition, using a frequency selective surface as the ground plane 135c can, on the one hand, reduce the overall complexity of the phase adjustment component 135, facilitating its miniaturization and weight reduction; on the other hand, it can also reduce or minimize the impact of the ground plane 135c or the metal cavity on the electrical performance of the integrated base station antenna.

[0064] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the invention is for illustrative and explanatory purposes. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it will be apparent that many changes and variations can be made in accordance with the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to implement and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the invention, as well as various different choices and variations. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An integrated base station antenna, characterized in that, include A passive antenna, including a first radiating element, is configured to radiate electromagnetic waves. An active antenna, including a second radiating element, is configured to radiate electromagnetic waves toward the direction of the passive antenna. The functional element is configured to selectively transmit electromagnetic waves and selectively feed signals to a radiating element, and process the signals at least once; wherein, The functional element is electrically connected to the first radiating unit, and is located between the first and second radiating units, and in the radiating direction of the second radiating unit. The functional element is non-transparent to the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first radiating unit, but transparent to the electromagnetic waves radiated by the second radiating unit. The functional element includes a phase adjustment component configured to adjust the phase of a signal. The phase adjustment component includes a dielectric layer, a first coupling signal conductor layer, a ground layer, and a second coupling signal conductor layer. The dielectric layer is located between the first coupling signal conductor layer and the ground layer. The first coupling signal conductor layer is located between the dielectric layer and the second coupling signal conductor layer, and the second coupling signal conductor layer is movable relative to the first coupling signal conductor layer.

2. The integrated base station antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The functional element is configured to selectively transmit electromagnetic waves and to feed and process signals to the first radiating unit.

3. The integrated base station antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The functional element is a printed circuit board, which is configured to integrate at least one of selective transmission of electromagnetic waves, feeding signals to a radiating unit, and processing the signals.

4. The integrated base station antenna as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The printed circuit board includes The first printed circuit board is configured to selectively transmit electromagnetic waves; At least one of a second printed circuit board and a third printed circuit board, wherein the second printed circuit board is configured to feed a signal to the radiating element, and the third printed circuit board is configured to process the signal; wherein... The first printed circuit board and at least one of the second and third printed circuit boards are on the same plane or stacked.

5. The integrated base station antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The functional element is a plastic material component, which is configured to integrate at least one of selective transmission of electromagnetic waves, feeding signals to a radiating unit, and processing the signals.

6. The integrated base station antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The functional element is a hollow plate or a semi-hollow plate, which is configured to integrate at least one of selective transmission of electromagnetic waves, selective feeding of signals to the radiating unit, and signal processing.

7. The integrated base station antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The functional element is configured to selectively transmit electromagnetic waves through a frequency-selective surface.

8. The integrated base station antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, At least one of the following, feeding a signal to the radiation unit and processing the signal, is configured at a position where the functional element does not have the greatest impact on electromagnetic radiation.

9. The integrated base station antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The functional elements include The frequency selective unit is configured to selectively transmit electromagnetic waves; At least one of a power supply unit and a signal processing unit, wherein the power supply unit is configured to feed a signal to the radiating element of the passive antenna, and the signal processing unit is configured to process the signal.

10. The integrated base station antenna as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The functional element also includes a ground layer configured to provide ground functionality to the signal processing unit, the ground layer being a frequency selective surface.

11. The integrated base station antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The phase adjustment component is located on the surface of the functional element or inside the passive antenna at a position where the impact on electromagnetic wave radiation is not the greatest.

12. The integrated base station antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The formation is a frequency-selective surface.

13. The integrated base station antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The phase adjustment component further includes a slot, which is located in the formation or penetrates at least one layer of the phase adjustment component.

14. The integrated base station antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The signal processing is selected from one or more combinations of signal allocation, signal recombination, and signal phase adjustment.

15. The integrated base station antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical connection is selected from either direct-connection power supply or coupled power supply.

16. The integrated base station antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The functional element is located inside the passive antenna.

17. The integrated base station antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that, The integrated base station antenna includes multiple passive antennas and multiple active antennas. Each passive antenna corresponds to multiple active antennas, and the multiple active antennas correspond to the same functional element, or each active antenna corresponds to a functional element.

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