An adsorptive carbon dioxide energy storage system and method of operating the same

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of energy storage technology and discloses an adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system and its operation method. The adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system includes a heat storage component, a carbon dioxide capture and adsorption device, an absorption refrigeration component, an energy storage component, a carbon dioxide oil displacement component, and an energy release component. During energy storage, the waste gas output from the thermal power unit is treated, and part of its heat is stored in the energy storage component, while the other part is provided to the absorption refrigeration component to generate cooling energy for the users in need. The waste gas that has lost heat enters the carbon dioxide capture and adsorption device, where carbon dioxide is captured, adsorbed, and stored. The adsorbed carbon dioxide can be desorbed using the heat stored in the heat storage component and then enter the energy storage component and the energy release component respectively to complete the energy storage and energy release operations. This invention can reduce the footprint and realize the utilization of waste heat and waste gas from thermal power units, storing energy or converting it into cooling energy for the users in need.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy storage technology, and specifically relates to an adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system and its operation method. Background Technology

[0002] The application of energy storage technology can largely solve the drawbacks of the volatility and intermittency of new energy power generation, and can effectively solve the problem of peak shifting and valley filling. In recent years, it has received more and more attention.

[0003] Currently, traditional carbon dioxide energy storage technology has gradually attracted widespread attention due to its advantages such as simple structure, flexible layout, and high energy storage efficiency.

[0004] However, existing traditional carbon dioxide energy storage technologies still have the following shortcomings, including:

[0005] 1) Carbon dioxide energy storage systems store carbon dioxide in atmospheric pressure gaseous form on the low-pressure side. To ensure sufficient capacity, a large gas storage chamber volume is usually required, resulting in a large system footprint.

[0006] 2) Existing technologies typically only have electrical energy input and output, and cannot simultaneously meet the user's needs for multiple forms of energy. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system and its operating method to solve one or more of the aforementioned technical problems. The technical solution provided by this invention can reduce the floor space required; furthermore, it enables the utilization of waste heat and exhaust gas from thermal power units, storing energy or converting it into cooling capacity to provide it to the required users.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] This invention provides an adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system, comprising: a first heat exchanger, a carbon dioxide adsorption tower, a first thermal storage tank, a first cold storage tank, a refrigerant generator, a refrigerant heat exchanger, a refrigerant absorber, a refrigerant evaporator, a refrigerant condenser, a carbon dioxide compressor, a second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger, a first carbon dioxide expander, and a liquid storage tank; wherein,

[0010] The inlet of the first heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger is used to introduce exhaust gas from the thermal power unit, and the outlet of the first heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower; the inlet of the second heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of the first cold storage tank, the outlet of the second heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the first heat storage tank, the outlet of the first heat storage tank is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipe of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower, and the outlet of the heat exchange pipe of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower is connected to the inlet of the first cold storage tank.

[0011] The outlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide compressor. The outlet of the carbon dioxide compressor is connected to the inlet of the gas storage tank via the first heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger. The outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected to the inlet of the first carbon dioxide expander via the first heat exchange channel of the third heat exchanger. The outlet of the first carbon dioxide expander is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower.

[0012] The inlet of the heat exchange channel of the refrigerant generator is used to introduce exhaust gas from the thermal power unit, and the outlet of the heat exchange channel of the refrigerant generator is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower. The gas outlet of the refrigerant generator is connected to the first inlet of the refrigerant absorber via the first heat exchange channel of the refrigerant condenser, the second expansion valve of the refrigerant, and the first heat exchange channel of the refrigerant evaporator. The outlet of the refrigerant absorber is connected to the inlet of the refrigerant generator via the second heat exchange channel of the refrigerant heat exchanger via the refrigerant booster pump. The liquid outlet of the refrigerant generator is connected to the second inlet of the refrigerant absorber via the first heat exchange channel of the refrigerant heat exchanger and the first expansion valve of the refrigerant.

[0013] A further improvement of the present invention is that it further includes:

[0014] A flue gas treatment device, wherein the inlet of the flue gas treatment device is used to introduce the exhaust gas discharged from the original thermal power unit and to remove liquid and solid impurities, and to output the exhaust gas discharged from the thermal power unit after impurity treatment; wherein the exhaust gas discharged from the thermal power unit after impurity treatment is used to enter the inlet of the first heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger and the inlet of the heat exchange channel of the refrigerant generator.

[0015] A further improvement of the present invention is that it further includes: a second cold storage tank and a second heat storage tank; wherein,

[0016] The outlet of the second cold storage tank is connected to the inlet of the second heat storage tank via the second heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger, and the outlet of the second heat storage tank is connected to the inlet of the second cold storage tank via the second heat exchange channel of the third heat exchanger.

[0017] A further improvement of the present invention is that it further includes: a condenser, a cold water tank, and a hot water tank; wherein,

[0018] The outlet of the cold water tank is connected to the inlet of the hot water tank via the second heat exchange channel of the condenser, and the outlet of the hot water tank is connected to the inlet of the cold water tank via the second heat exchange channel of the refrigerant evaporator.

[0019] A further improvement of the present invention is that it further includes: a carbon dioxide condenser and a booster pump; wherein,

[0020] The outlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower is connected to the inlet of the booster pump via the first heat exchange channel of the carbon dioxide condenser, and the outlet of the booster pump is used to connect to the inlet of the oil well.

[0021] A further improvement of the present invention is that it further includes: a carbon dioxide purification device and a second carbon dioxide expander; wherein,

[0022] The inlet of the carbon dioxide purification device is connected to the outlet of the oil well, the outlet of the carbon dioxide purification device is connected to the inlet of the second carbon dioxide expander, and the outlet of the second carbon dioxide expander is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower; the second carbon dioxide expander is used to expand the input carbon dioxide to atmospheric pressure.

[0023] A further improvement of the present invention is that the outlet of the second heat exchange channel of the carbon dioxide condenser is connected to the inlet of the second heat exchange channel of the carbon dioxide condenser via the first heat exchange channel of the condenser.

[0024] A further improvement of the present invention is that the remaining area of ​​the carbon dioxide adsorption tower, excluding the heat exchange pipes, is filled with 4A zeolite.

[0025] A further improvement of the present invention is that it further includes: a first control valve, a second control valve, a third control valve, a fourth control valve, a sixth control valve, and a ninth control valve; wherein,

[0026] The first control valve is located at the inlet of the first heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger.

[0027] The second control valve is located at the inlet of the heat exchange channel of the refrigerant generator;

[0028] The third control valve is installed in the connecting pipe between the first thermal storage tank and the carbon dioxide adsorption tower.

[0029] The fourth control valve is installed in the connecting pipe between the first cold storage tank and the first heat exchanger;

[0030] The sixth control valve is located in the connecting pipe between the carbon dioxide adsorption tower and the carbon dioxide compressor;

[0031] The ninth control valve is located in the connecting pipe between the liquid storage tank and the third heat exchanger.

[0032] This invention provides an operating method for an adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system. The adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system further includes: a first control valve, a second control valve, a third control valve, a fourth control valve, a sixth control valve, and a ninth control valve. The first control valve is located at the inlet of the first heat exchange channel of a first heat exchanger; the second control valve is located at the inlet of the heat exchange channel of a refrigerant generator; the third control valve is located in the connecting pipe between the first heat storage tank and the carbon dioxide adsorption tower; the fourth control valve is located in the connecting pipe between the first cold storage tank and the first heat exchanger; the sixth control valve is located in the connecting pipe between the carbon dioxide adsorption tower and the carbon dioxide compressor; and the ninth control valve is located in the connecting pipe between the liquid storage tank and the third heat exchanger.

[0033] The operation method includes the following steps: closing the third, sixth, and ninth control valves, and opening the first, second, and fourth control valves; wherein, the first and second control valves are controlled to allocate the flue gas ratio entering the absorption refrigeration cycle and the heat storage cycle; the flue gas entering the heat storage cycle first enters the first heat exchanger to exchange heat with the heat storage medium from the first cold storage tank, storing the heat in the first heat storage tank, and the cooled flue gas enters the carbon dioxide adsorption tower to be adsorbed; the flue gas entering the absorption refrigeration cycle provides heat to the refrigerant generator, and the cooled flue gas enters the carbon dioxide adsorption tower to be adsorbed; the high-concentration refrigerant solution in the refrigerant absorber is pressurized by the refrigerant booster pump and enters the refrigerant heat exchanger to absorb heat and increase its temperature, and the heated high-concentration refrigerant solution enters the refrigerant generator to absorb heat provided by the flue gas and increase its temperature, causing part of the refrigerant in the high-concentration refrigerant solution to evaporate into a gaseous state, forming a gaseous refrigerant and a low-concentration refrigerant solution; the low-concentration refrigerant solution enters the refrigerant heat exchanger to exchange heat and decrease its temperature. The system transfers heat to a low-temperature, high-concentration refrigerant solution. The cooled, low-concentration refrigerant solution expands through the first expansion valve and enters the refrigerant absorber. The gaseous refrigerant first enters the refrigerant condenser and condenses into a liquid state. After expanding through the first expansion valve, it enters the refrigerant evaporator to absorb heat and evaporate. The evaporated gaseous refrigerant then enters the refrigerant absorber, where it is absorbed by the low-concentration refrigerant solution to form a high-concentration refrigerant solution for the next cycle. The refrigerant evaporator provides a cooling source for users. Additionally, during system energy storage, the first, second, fourth, and ninth control valves are closed, while the third and sixth control valves are opened. The heat storage medium stored in the first heat storage tank enters the heat exchange pipes in the carbon dioxide adsorption tower to desorb carbon dioxide. The desorbed carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide compressor for compression. The compressed carbon dioxide enters the second heat exchanger for heat exchange, outputting and storing the heat. The cooled carbon dioxide is then stored in a liquid storage tank.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] The adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system provided by this invention enables the utilization of waste heat and exhaust gas from thermal power units, storing energy or converting it into cooling capacity to provide to users in need. Specifically, addressing the issue of existing carbon dioxide energy storage systems requiring large-volume gas storage chambers, this invention uses a carbon dioxide adsorption tower to capture carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas of thermal power plants and stores the carbon dioxide within the adsorption tower, significantly reducing the overall system footprint and facilitating distributed system layout. Furthermore, addressing the problems of existing carbon dioxide energy storage systems not fully utilizing the energy from thermal power plant exhaust gas and wastewater, and the limited energy supply methods, this invention uses the heat from the exhaust gas after flue gas treatment for a heat storage device and an absorption refrigeration cycle. The heat stored in the heat storage device can be used to desorb the carbon dioxide captured in the adsorption tower, and the absorption refrigeration cycle converts the captured heat into cooling capacity to provide to users in need, greatly improving the system's energy utilization rate.

[0036] In this invention, a carbon dioxide condenser and a booster pump are also provided; after capturing the carbon dioxide present in the exhaust gas, it can be used for compression energy storage or oil well driving, thereby realizing the storage and release of exhaust gas energy, reducing carbon dioxide emissions and improving the extraction efficiency of oil wells.

[0037] In this invention, the carbon dioxide that is sealed in the oil well can be treated by a purification device and then used for further expansion and power generation. It can then re-enter the carbon dioxide adsorption tower to participate in the cycle, thereby improving the efficiency of the entire system and the utilization rate of carbon dioxide.

[0038] In this invention, the cooling capacity generated by the absorption refrigeration cycle can be supplied to the desorbed carbon dioxide. After cooling and pressurizing it to a supercritical state, it can be injected into the oil well in combination with water through alternating slug injection to improve the recovery rate.

[0039] In this invention, the treated waste gas after heat transfer is completed is injected into a carbon dioxide adsorption tower. The carbon dioxide in the waste gas is adsorbed and stored by the 4A zeolite filling it. It can then enter a compression energy storage system as a circulating working fluid to compress and expand to generate electricity, or be injected into oil wells after condensation and pressurization in combination with water to improve the oil well's extraction efficiency. To illustrate, the carbon dioxide adsorption capacity of 4A zeolite at room temperature is about 3.57 mol / kg. One cubic meter of 4A zeolite can absorb about 1800 mol of carbon dioxide. The volume required for the adsorption tower to store the same amount of carbon dioxide is about 50 times smaller than that of a gaseous carbon dioxide storage chamber. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art are briefly introduced below; obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic block diagram of the adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Explanation of the reference numerals in the figure:

[0044] 1. Thermal storage components; 2. Carbon dioxide capture and adsorption devices; 3. Absorption refrigeration components; 4. Energy storage components; 5. Carbon dioxide oil displacement components; 6. Energy release components;

[0045] 7. First heat exchanger; 8. First thermal storage tank; 9. First cold storage tank; 10. Carbon dioxide adsorption tower; 11. Refrigerant generator; 12. Refrigerant heat exchanger; 13. Refrigerant absorber; 14. Refrigerant evaporator; 15. Condenser; 16. Cold water tank; 17. Hot water tank; 18. Refrigerant condenser; 19. Carbon dioxide compressor; 20. Second heat exchanger; 21. Second cold storage tank; 22. Third heat exchanger; 23. Second thermal storage tank; 24. First carbon dioxide expander; 25. Liquid storage tank;

[0046] 26. Refrigerant booster pump; 27. First refrigerant expansion valve; 28. Second refrigerant expansion valve; 29. ​​Flue gas treatment device; 30. Carbon dioxide condenser; 31. Booster pump; 32. Carbon dioxide purification device; 33. Second carbon dioxide expander;

[0047] 34. First control valve; 35. Second control valve; 36. Third control valve; 37. Fourth control valve; 38. Fifth control valve; 39. Sixth control valve; 40. Seventh control valve; 41. Eighth control valve; 42. Ninth control valve; 43. Tenth control valve. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0050] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0051] An embodiment of the present invention provides an adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system, comprising: a first heat exchanger 7, a carbon dioxide adsorption tower 10, a first thermal storage tank 8, a first cold storage tank 9, a refrigerant generator 11, a refrigerant heat exchanger 12, a refrigerant absorber 13, a refrigerant evaporator 14, a refrigerant condenser 18, a carbon dioxide compressor 19, a second heat exchanger 20, a third heat exchanger 22, a first carbon dioxide expander 24, and a liquid storage tank 25; wherein,

[0052] The inlet of the first heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger 7 is used to introduce exhaust gas from the thermal power unit, and the outlet of the first heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger 7 is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower 10; the inlet of the second heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger 7 is connected to the outlet of the first cold storage tank 9, the outlet of the second heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger 7 is connected to the inlet of the first heat storage tank 8, the outlet of the first heat storage tank 8 is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipe of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower 10, and the outlet of the heat exchange pipe of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower 10 is connected to the inlet of the first cold storage tank 9.

[0053] The outlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower 10 is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide compressor 19. The outlet of the carbon dioxide compressor 19 is connected to the inlet of the gas storage tank via the first heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger 20. The outlet of the liquid storage tank 25 is connected to the inlet of the first carbon dioxide expander 24 via the first heat exchange channel of the third heat exchanger 22. The outlet of the first carbon dioxide expander 24 is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower 10.

[0054] The inlet of the heat exchange channel of the refrigerant generator 11 is used to introduce exhaust gas from the thermal power unit, and the outlet of the heat exchange channel of the refrigerant generator 11 is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower 10. The gas outlet of the refrigerant generator 11 is connected to the first inlet of the refrigerant absorber 13 via the first heat exchange channel of the refrigerant condenser 18, the second refrigerant expansion valve 28, and the first heat exchange channel of the refrigerant evaporator 14. The outlet of the refrigerant absorber 13 is connected to the inlet of the refrigerant generator 11 via the second heat exchange channel of the refrigerant booster pump 26 and the refrigerant heat exchanger 12. The liquid outlet of the refrigerant generator 11 is connected to the second inlet of the refrigerant absorber 13 via the first heat exchange channel of the refrigerant heat exchanger 12 and the first refrigerant expansion valve 27.

[0055] To address the issue of existing carbon dioxide energy storage systems requiring large-volume storage chambers, the technical solution of this invention uses a carbon dioxide adsorption tower to capture carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas of thermal power plants and stores the carbon dioxide within the adsorption tower, significantly reducing the overall system footprint and facilitating distributed system deployment. Furthermore, addressing the limitations of existing carbon dioxide energy storage systems in fully utilizing the energy from thermal power plant exhaust gas and wastewater, as well as their reliance on a single energy supply method, this invention utilizes the heat from the exhaust gas after flue gas treatment for a thermal storage device and an absorption refrigeration cycle. The heat stored in the thermal storage device can be used to desorb the carbon dioxide captured in the adsorption tower, and the absorption refrigeration cycle converts the captured heat into cooling energy to provide to the users in need, greatly improving the system's energy utilization rate.

[0056] In a further improved technical solution of this invention embodiment, it further includes: a flue gas treatment device 29, the inlet of which is used to introduce the exhaust gas from the original thermal power unit and remove liquid and solid impurities, and output the exhaust gas from the thermal power unit after impurity treatment; wherein, the exhaust gas from the thermal power unit after impurity treatment is used to enter the inlet of the first heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger 7 and the inlet of the heat exchange channel of the refrigerant generator 11. Explainingly, the flue gas treatment device 26 is used to treat the flue gas from the thermal power unit, mainly to remove liquid impurities (such as moisture and some liquid organic matter) and solid impurities from the flue gas, so as to prevent liquid and solid impurities from affecting the absorption effect of 4A zeolite in the carbon dioxide adsorption tower.

[0057] In a further improved technical solution of this invention, the invention further includes: a second cold storage tank 21 and a second heat storage tank 23; wherein the outlet of the second cold storage tank 21 is connected to the inlet of the second heat storage tank 23 via the second heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger 20, and the outlet of the second heat storage tank 23 is connected to the inlet of the second cold storage tank 21 via the second heat exchange channel of the third heat exchanger 22. Explained, the compressed carbon dioxide enters the second heat exchanger 20 for heat exchange, transferring heat to the heat storage medium from the second cold storage tank 21 and storing it in the second heat storage tank 23. The cooled carbon dioxide then enters the liquid storage tank 25 for storage, thus completing the compression and heat storage of the carbon dioxide.

[0058] In a further improved technical solution of this invention, the following components are also included: a condenser 15, a cold water tank 16, and a hot water tank 17; wherein, the outlet of the cold water tank 16 is connected to the inlet of the hot water tank 17 via the second heat exchange channel of the condenser 15, and the outlet of the hot water tank 17 is connected to the inlet of the cold water tank 16 via the second heat exchange channel of the refrigerant evaporator 14. Explained, the low-temperature water cooled by the refrigerant evaporator 14 enters the cold water tank 16 for storage. When the condenser 15 requires a cold source, the cold water stored in the cold water tank 16 enters the condenser 15 to absorb heat and increase its temperature, providing a cold source for the user. The heated water then enters the hot water tank 17 for storage. This completes the waste heat recovery and cooling supply of the flue gas.

[0059] In a further improved technical solution of this invention embodiment, a carbon dioxide condenser 30 and a booster pump 31 are also included. The outlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower 10 is connected to the inlet of the booster pump 31 via the first heat exchange channel of the carbon dioxide condenser 30, and the outlet of the booster pump 31 is connected to the inlet of an oil well. More preferably, the outlet of the second heat exchange channel of the carbon dioxide condenser 30 is connected to the inlet of the second heat exchange channel of the carbon dioxide condenser 30 via the first heat exchange channel of the condenser 15. Explanatoryly, this invention embodiment also includes a carbon dioxide condenser and a booster pump; after capturing carbon dioxide present in the waste gas, it can be used for compression energy storage or oil well flooding, thereby realizing the storage and release of waste gas energy, reducing carbon dioxide emissions, and improving the oil well extraction efficiency. In addition, the cooling capacity generated by the absorption refrigeration cycle can supply the desorbed carbon dioxide, which, after cooling and pressurizing to a supercritical state, can be injected into the oil well in combination with water using alternating slug injection to improve the recovery rate.

[0060] In a further improved technical solution of this invention, the invention further includes: a carbon dioxide purification device 32 and a second carbon dioxide expander 33; wherein, the inlet of the carbon dioxide purification device 32 is connected to the oil well outlet, the outlet of the carbon dioxide purification device 32 is connected to the inlet of the second carbon dioxide expander 33, and the outlet of the second carbon dioxide expander 33 is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower 10; the second carbon dioxide expander 33 is used to expand the input carbon dioxide to atmospheric pressure. Explained, the carbon dioxide sealed in the oil well can be treated by the purification device and then used for further expansion and power generation, before re-entering the carbon dioxide adsorption tower to participate in the cycle, thereby improving the efficiency of the entire system and the utilization rate of carbon dioxide.

[0061] Please see Figure 1 An adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system provided in this embodiment of the invention includes: a first heat exchanger 7, a first thermal storage tank 8, a first cold storage tank 9, a carbon dioxide adsorption tower 10, a refrigerant generator 11, a refrigerant heat exchanger 12, a refrigerant absorber 13, a refrigerant evaporator 14, a condenser 15, a cold water tank 16, a hot water tank 17, a refrigerant condenser 18, a carbon dioxide compressor 19, a second heat exchanger 20, a second cold storage tank 21, a third heat exchanger 22, a second thermal storage tank 23, a carbon dioxide first expander 24, and a liquid storage tank. The system includes: tank 25, refrigerant booster pump 26, refrigerant first expansion valve 27, refrigerant second expansion valve 28, flue gas treatment device 29, carbon dioxide condenser 30, booster pump 31, carbon dioxide purification device 32, and carbon dioxide second expander 33; in addition, it includes ten control valves: first control valve 34, second control valve 35, third control valve 36, fourth control valve 37, fifth control valve 38, sixth control valve 39, seventh control valve 40, eighth control valve 41, ninth control valve 42, and tenth control valve 43.

[0062] Specifically, the inlet of the flue gas treatment device 29 is connected to the exhaust flue of the thermal power unit; the inlet of the first heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger 7 is connected to the first outlet of the flue gas treatment device 29 through the first control valve 34; the outlet of the first heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger 7 is connected to the first inlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower 10; the inlet of the second heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger 7 is connected to the outlet of the first cold storage tank 9 through the fourth control valve 37; the outlet of the second heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger 7 is connected to the inlet of the first cold storage tank 8; the outlet of the first cold storage tank 8 is connected to the second inlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower 10 through the third control valve 36; and the second outlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower 10 is connected to the inlet of the first cold storage tank 9. Explanatoryly, the above components constitute the heat storage part of the system as heat storage component 1.

[0063] In addition, the first outlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower 10 is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide compressor 19 through the sixth control valve 39. The outlet of the carbon dioxide compressor 19 is connected to the inlet of the first heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger 20. The outlet of the first heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger 20 is connected to the inlet of the gas storage tank 25, thus completing the compression and storage of the working fluid. The outlet of the second cold storage tank 21 is connected to the inlet of the second heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger 20 through the eighth control valve 41. The outlet of the second heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger 20 is connected to the inlet of the second heat storage tank 23, thus completing the storage of heat in the high-pressure water circuit. The above components serve as the energy storage assembly 4, constituting the entire energy storage section.

[0064] Furthermore, the first outlet of the storage tank 25 is connected to the inlet of the first heat exchange channel of the third heat exchanger 22 via the ninth control valve 42, the outlet of the first heat exchange channel of the third heat exchanger 22 is connected to the inlet of the first carbon dioxide expander 24, and the outlet of the first carbon dioxide expander 24 is connected to the first inlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower 10; the inlet of the second heat exchange channel of the third heat exchanger 22 is connected to the second heat storage tank 23 via the seventh control valve 40, and the outlet of the second heat exchange channel of the third heat exchanger 22 is connected to the inlet of the second cold storage tank 21, thus completing the energy release of the high-pressure water circuit section; explanatoryly, the above components, as the energy release assembly 6, constitute the entire energy release section;

[0065] Finally, the first inlet of the refrigerant generator 11 is connected to the second outlet of the flue gas treatment device 29 via the second control valve 35; the first outlet of the refrigerant generator 11 is connected to the first inlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower 10; the third outlet of the refrigerant generator 11 is connected to the inlet of the first heat exchange channel of the refrigerant condenser 18; the outlet of the first heat exchange channel of the refrigerant condenser 18 is connected to the inlet of the second expansion valve 28; the outlet of the second expansion valve 28 is connected to the inlet of the first heat exchange channel of the refrigerant evaporator 14; and the outlet of the first heat exchange channel of the refrigerant evaporator 14 is connected to the inlet of the first heat exchange channel of the refrigerant evaporator 14. The outlet of the refrigerant absorber 13 is connected to the first inlet of the refrigerant absorber 13, the outlet of the refrigerant absorber 13 is connected to the inlet of the refrigerant booster pump 26, the outlet of the refrigerant booster pump 26 is connected to the second inlet of the refrigerant heat exchanger 12, and the second outlet of the refrigerant heat exchanger 12 is connected to the second inlet of the refrigerant generator 11; the second outlet of the refrigerant generator 11 is connected to the first inlet of the refrigerant heat exchanger 12, the first outlet of the refrigerant heat exchanger 12 is connected to the inlet of the first refrigerant expansion valve 27, and the outlet of the first refrigerant expansion valve 27 is connected to the second inlet of the refrigerant absorber 13. The outlet of the cold water tank 16 is connected to the second inlet of the condenser 15, the second outlet of the condenser 15 is connected to the inlet of the hot water tank 17, the outlet of the hot water tank 17 is connected to the second inlet of the refrigerant evaporator 14, and the second outlet of the refrigerant evaporator 14 is connected to the inlet of the cold water tank 16. Explanatoryly, the above components, as absorption refrigeration assembly 3, constitute the absorption refrigeration part of the system.

[0066] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first outlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower 10 is connected to the first inlet of the carbon dioxide condenser 30 through the fifth control valve 38. The first outlet of the condenser 30 is connected to the inlet of the booster pump 31, and the outlet of the booster pump 31 is connected to the inlet of the oil well, thereby completing the alternating injection of carbon dioxide and water through slugs and realizing the function of carbon dioxide driving oil, thereby improving the extraction efficiency.

[0067] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the oil well outlet is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide purification device 32 via the tenth control valve 43, the outlet of the carbon dioxide purification device 32 is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide second expander 33 to expand the carbon dioxide to atmospheric pressure, and the outlet of the carbon dioxide second expander 33 is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower 10 to complete the secondary capture and adsorption of carbon dioxide and improve the utilization rate of carbon dioxide in the system.

[0068] Please see Figure 2 The present invention discloses an adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system, which includes a heat storage component 1, a carbon dioxide capture and adsorption device 2, an absorption refrigeration component 3, an energy storage component 4, a carbon dioxide oil displacement component 5, and an energy release component 6. During energy storage, the exhaust gas output from the thermal power unit is treated, and part of its heat is stored in the energy storage component 1, while the other part of the heat is provided to the absorption refrigeration component 3 to generate cooling for the users. The exhaust gas that has lost heat enters the carbon dioxide capture and adsorption device 2, where carbon dioxide is captured, adsorbed, and stored. The adsorbed carbon dioxide can be desorbed using the heat stored in the heat storage component 1 and enter the energy storage component 4 and the energy release component 6 respectively to complete the energy storage and energy release work, or enter the carbon dioxide oil displacement component 5 to complete the oil well oil displacement work.

[0069] The invention provides an adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system that can capture and store the heat energy and carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas of thermal power units. The stored heat energy can be converted into cooling energy to provide to users in need, and can also be provided to the adsorption device for the adsorption and desorption of carbon dioxide. The desorbed carbon dioxide can be used as the circulating working fluid in the energy storage and release components to store and release electrical energy, thereby achieving the function of "peak shaving and valley filling". Compared to traditional carbon dioxide energy storage systems, the system of this invention has the following advantages: Traditional carbon dioxide energy storage systems typically use gaseous carbon dioxide as the circulating working fluid on the low-pressure side, which means that a large-volume gas storage chamber is required to store the circulating working fluid. In contrast, the system of this invention uses an adsorption device to extract carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas of thermal power units, adsorbs the carbon dioxide in an adsorption tower, and then uses the stored heat to desorb the carbon dioxide and allow it to enter the energy storage and release components for circulation when needed, greatly reducing the overall system volume and enabling more flexible installation and layout. Traditional carbon dioxide energy storage devices typically only include the conversion of electrical energy and pressure energy, as well as the storage and release of the thermal energy of the circulating working fluid, requiring external heat and cold sources to heat and cool the working fluid. In contrast, the system of this invention, in addition to the conversion of electrical energy and pressure energy, and the storage and release of the thermal energy of the circulating working fluid, also includes the storage of thermal energy from the exhaust gas of thermal power units and the conversion between thermal and cold energy. The thermal and cold energy generated by the system itself can meet the system's needs for thermal and cold energy without the need for additional energy input, and the stored thermal and cold energy can be provided to the customers who need it, greatly improving the storage and utilization of multiple forms of energy in the system. In addition, traditional carbon dioxide energy storage systems are usually closed systems, where the amount of carbon dioxide stored in the system as a circulating working fluid is fixed when the system design is completed. However, the system of the present invention is a semi-open system, which can inject carbon dioxide from the adsorption device into oil wells for oil displacement or into energy storage components for energy storage and release, thus having greater flexibility and adjustability.

[0070] An operating method for an adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system disclosed in this invention includes the following steps:

[0071] Initially, with all ten control valves closed, the carbon dioxide adsorption tower 10, except for the piping, is filled with 4A zeolite; among which,

[0072] When the system starts working, the third control valve 36, the fifth control valve 38, the sixth control valve 39, the seventh control valve 40, the eighth control valve 41, the ninth control valve 42, and the tenth control valve 43 are closed, while the first control valve 34, the second control valve 35, and the fourth control valve 37 are opened. Firstly, the flue gas from the thermal power unit is treated by the flue gas treatment device 26, primarily to remove liquid impurities (such as moisture and some liquid organic matter) and solid impurities to prevent them from affecting the absorption effect of 4A zeolite in the carbon dioxide adsorption tower. After the flue gas treatment is completed, the treated flue gas can be distributed to the absorption refrigeration cycle and the heat storage cycle by controlling the first control valve 34 and the second control valve 35. The flue gas entering the heat storage cycle first enters the first heat exchanger 7 to exchange heat with the heat storage medium from the first cold storage tank 9, storing the heat in the first heat storage tank 8. The cooled flue gas then enters the carbon dioxide adsorption tower 10 where it is adsorbed by the 4A zeolite. The flue gas entering the absorption refrigeration cycle provides heat to the refrigerant generator 11, and the cooled flue gas enters the carbon dioxide adsorption tower 10 where it is adsorbed by the 4A zeolite. The working process of the absorption refrigeration cycle is as follows: The high-concentration refrigerant solution in the refrigerant absorber 13 is pressurized by the refrigerant booster pump 26 and enters the refrigerant heat exchanger 12 to absorb heat and increase its temperature. The heated high-concentration refrigerant solution enters the refrigerant generator 11 to absorb heat from the flue gas and further increase its temperature. The high temperature causes some of the refrigerant in the high-concentration refrigerant solution to evaporate into a gaseous state, forming a gaseous refrigerant and a low-concentration refrigerant solution. The low-concentration refrigerant solution enters the refrigerant heat exchanger 12 to exchange heat and cool down, transferring heat to the low-temperature high-concentration refrigerant solution. The cooled low-concentration refrigerant solution expands through the first refrigerant expansion valve 27 and enters the refrigerant absorber 13. The gaseous refrigerant first enters the refrigerant condenser 18 to condense into a liquid state, and then expands through the first refrigerant expansion valve 28 before entering the refrigerant evaporator 14 to absorb heat and evaporate, cooling the water from the hot water tank 17. The evaporated gaseous refrigerant enters the refrigerant absorber 13 and is absorbed by the low-concentration refrigerant solution in the refrigerant absorber 13 to form a high-concentration refrigerant solution, and the next cycle begins again. The low-temperature water cooled by the refrigerant evaporator 14 enters the cold water tank 16 for storage. When the condenser 15 needs a cold source, the cold water stored in the cold water tank 16 enters the condenser 15 to absorb heat and increase its temperature, providing a cold source for the users. The heated water then enters the hot water tank 17 for storage. This completes the waste heat recovery and cooling supply of the flue gas.

[0073] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the energy storage section of the system begins operation, the first control valve 34, the second control valve 35, the fourth control valve 37, the fifth control valve 38, the seventh control valve 40, the ninth control valve 42, and the tenth control valve 43 are closed. The third control valve 36, the sixth control valve 39, and the eighth control valve 41 are opened. The heat storage medium stored in the first heat storage tank 8 enters the pipeline in the carbon dioxide adsorption tower 10, heating the zeolite to achieve carbon dioxide desorption. The desorbed carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide compressor 19 for compression. The compressed carbon dioxide enters the second heat exchanger 20 for heat exchange, transferring heat to the heat storage medium from the second cold storage tank 21 and storing it in the second heat storage tank 23. The cooled carbon dioxide enters the liquid storage tank 25 for preservation. This completes the compression and heat storage of carbon dioxide.

[0074] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the energy release section of the system begins to operate, the first control valve 34, the second control valve 35, the third control valve 36, the fourth control valve 37, the fifth control valve 38, the sixth control valve 39, the eighth control valve 41, and the tenth control valve 43 are closed, while the seventh control valve 40 and the ninth control valve 42 are opened. Carbon dioxide stored in the storage tank 25 enters the third heat exchanger 22 to exchange heat with the heat storage medium from the second heat storage tank 23, and its temperature is raised. The heated carbon dioxide then enters the first carbon dioxide expander 24 to expand and perform work, driving the generator to generate electricity. The expanded carbon dioxide, now at atmospheric pressure, then enters the carbon dioxide adsorption tower 10 for re-adsorption. This completes the expansion of the working fluid and the release of heat.

[0075] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the oil displacement part of the system starts working, the desorbed carbon dioxide is condensed into liquid by the condenser 30, and then pressurized to a supercritical state by the booster pump 31 and injected into the oil well in alternating slugs with water, thereby improving the oil well recovery rate.

[0076] In a further preferred embodiment, the outlet pressure of the booster pump 31 used in this invention is approximately 15 MPa. Additionally, the cooling capacity required by the condenser 30 can be provided by the cooling capacity generated in the absorption refrigeration cycle, thereby improving the system's energy utilization rate.

[0077] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the carbon dioxide used for oil displacement during energy release can be further used for expansion power generation. The specific implementation process is as follows: after the carbon dioxide that absorbs geothermal heating comes out of the oil displacement well, it enters the carbon dioxide purification device 32 for purification treatment, and then enters the carbon dioxide second expander 33 for expansion power generation. The carbon dioxide expanded to atmospheric pressure can re-enter the carbon dioxide adsorption tower 10 for adsorption and continue to participate in the system cycle, thereby improving the utilization rate of carbon dioxide in the system.

[0078] The control method provided in this embodiment of the invention can achieve the following:

[0079] 1) Store the heat from the exhaust gases emitted by thermal power units;

[0080] 2) The heat from the exhaust gas is supplied to the absorption refrigeration cycle, and the resulting cooling capacity is provided to the users who need it.

[0081] Among them, the carbon dioxide in the treated flue gas can be captured and stored. When needed, the captured carbon dioxide can be released by using the heat stored in the system, condensed and pressurized to a supercritical state, and then used for injection into oil wells with water alternating slugs to improve the recovery rate or enter the energy storage system for energy storage and release.

[0082] In summary, this invention provides an adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system and its operating method, which can utilize waste heat and exhaust gas from thermal power units, storing or converting energy into cooling for users, and capturing carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas for use in compression energy storage or oil well enhanced oil recovery. This achieves the storage and release of exhaust gas energy, reducing carbon dioxide emissions and improving oil well extraction efficiency. Specific advantages include:

[0083] 1) This invention uses a carbon dioxide adsorption tower filled with 4A zeolite to capture carbon dioxide from pretreated thermal power plant exhaust gas, storing the carbon dioxide within the adsorption tower. 4A zeolite has an adsorption capacity of approximately 3.57 mol / kg of carbon dioxide at room temperature; one cubic meter of 4A zeolite can absorb approximately 1800 mol of carbon dioxide. The volume required for the same amount of carbon dioxide in the adsorption tower is approximately 50 times smaller than that of a gaseous carbon dioxide storage chamber, significantly reducing the overall system footprint and facilitating distributed system layout.

[0084] 2) This invention can use the heat of the exhaust gas after the flue gas treatment device for the heat storage device and the absorption refrigeration cycle. The heat stored in the heat storage device can be used to desorb the carbon dioxide captured in the carbon dioxide adsorption tower. The absorption refrigeration cycle can convert the captured heat into cooling energy to provide to the users who need it, which greatly improves the energy utilization rate of the system.

[0085] 3) The cooling capacity generated by the absorption refrigeration cycle in this invention can be supplied to the desorbed carbon dioxide. After cooling it, it is pressurized to a supercritical state and then injected into the oil well in combination with water to improve the recovery rate.

[0086] 4) This invention can inject the treated waste gas after heat transfer into a carbon dioxide adsorption tower, where the carbon dioxide in the waste gas will be adsorbed and stored by the 4A zeolite filling it. It can then be used as a circulating working fluid in a compression energy storage system for compression and expansion to generate electricity, or after condensation and pressurization, it can be injected into oil wells in combination with water via alternating slug injection to improve oil well extraction efficiency.

[0087] 5) This invention enables the carbon dioxide that has been sealed in the oil well to be purified and then used for further expansion and power generation, and then re-enter the carbon dioxide adsorption tower to participate in the cycle, thereby improving the efficiency of the entire system and the utilization rate of carbon dioxide.

[0088] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system, characterized in that, include: The system comprises: a first heat exchanger (7), a carbon dioxide adsorption tower (10), a first thermal storage tank (8), a first cold storage tank (9), a refrigerant generator (11), a refrigerant heat exchanger (12), a refrigerant absorber (13), a refrigerant evaporator (14), a refrigerant condenser (18), a carbon dioxide compressor (19), a second heat exchanger (20), a third heat exchanger (22), a first carbon dioxide expander (24), and a liquid storage tank (25); among which, The inlet of the first heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger (7) is used to introduce exhaust gas from the thermal power unit. The outlet of the first heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger (7) is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower (10). The inlet of the second heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger (7) is connected to the outlet of the first cold storage tank (9). The outlet of the second heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger (7) is connected to the inlet of the first heat storage tank (8). The outlet of the first heat storage tank (8) is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipe of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower (10). The outlet of the heat exchange pipe of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower (10) is connected to the inlet of the first cold storage tank (9). The outlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower (10) is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide compressor (19), and the outlet of the carbon dioxide compressor (19) is connected to the inlet of the gas storage tank through the first heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger (20); the outlet of the liquid storage tank (25) is connected to the inlet of the first carbon dioxide expander (24) through the first heat exchange channel of the third heat exchanger (22), and the outlet of the first carbon dioxide expander (24) is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower (10). The heat exchange channel inlet of the refrigerant generator (11) is used to introduce exhaust gas from the thermal power unit, and the heat exchange channel outlet of the refrigerant generator (11) is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower (10); the gas outlet of the refrigerant generator (11) is connected to the first inlet of the refrigerant absorber (13) via the first heat exchange channel of the refrigerant condenser (18), the second expansion valve (28) of the refrigerant, and the first heat exchange channel of the refrigerant evaporator (14); the outlet of the refrigerant absorber (13) is connected to the inlet of the refrigerant generator (11) via the second heat exchange channel of the refrigerant booster pump (26) and the refrigerant heat exchanger (12); the liquid outlet of the refrigerant generator (11) is connected to the second inlet of the refrigerant absorber (13) via the first heat exchange channel of the refrigerant heat exchanger (12) and the first expansion valve (27) of the refrigerant.

2. The adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The flue gas treatment device (29) has an inlet for introducing the exhaust gas from the original thermal power unit and removing liquid and solid impurities, and outputting the exhaust gas from the thermal power unit after impurity treatment; wherein the exhaust gas from the thermal power unit after impurity treatment is used to enter the inlet of the first heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger (7) and the inlet of the heat exchange channel of the refrigerant generator (11).

3. The adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The second cold storage tank (21) and the second heat storage tank (23); wherein, The outlet of the second cold storage tank (21) is connected to the inlet of the second heat storage tank (23) via the second heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger (20), and the outlet of the second heat storage tank (23) is connected to the inlet of the second cold storage tank (21) via the second heat exchange channel of the third heat exchanger (22).

4. The adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Condenser (15), cold water tank (16), and hot water tank (17); among which, The outlet of the cold water tank (16) is connected to the inlet of the hot water tank (17) via the second heat exchange channel of the condenser (15), and the outlet of the hot water tank (17) is connected to the inlet of the cold water tank (16) via the second heat exchange channel of the refrigerant evaporator (14).

5. The adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: A carbon dioxide condenser (30) and a booster pump (31); wherein, The outlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower (10) is connected to the inlet of the booster pump (31) via the first heat exchange channel of the carbon dioxide condenser (30), and the outlet of the booster pump (31) is used to connect to the oil well inlet.

6. The adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: Carbon dioxide purification device (32) and carbon dioxide second expander (33); wherein, The inlet of the carbon dioxide purification device (32) is connected to the outlet of the oil well, the outlet of the carbon dioxide purification device (32) is connected to the inlet of the second carbon dioxide expander (33), and the outlet of the second carbon dioxide expander (33) is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide adsorption tower (10); the second carbon dioxide expander (33) is used to expand the input carbon dioxide to atmospheric pressure.

7. The adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The outlet of the second heat exchange channel of the carbon dioxide condenser (30) is connected to the inlet of the second heat exchange channel of the carbon dioxide condenser (30) via the first heat exchange channel of the condenser (15).

8. The adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The remaining area of ​​the carbon dioxide adsorption tower (10), excluding the heat exchange pipes, is filled with 4A zeolite.

9. The adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The first control valve (34), the second control valve (35), the third control valve (36), the fourth control valve (37), the sixth control valve (39), and the ninth control valve (42); among which, The first control valve (34) is located at the inlet of the first heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger (7); The second control valve (35) is located at the inlet of the heat exchange channel of the refrigerant generator (11); The third control valve (36) is installed in the connecting pipe between the first heat storage tank (8) and the carbon dioxide adsorption tower (10); The fourth control valve (37) is installed in the connecting pipe between the first cold storage tank (9) and the first heat exchanger (7); The sixth control valve (39) is installed in the connecting pipe between the carbon dioxide adsorption tower (10) and the carbon dioxide compressor (19); The ninth control valve (42) is located in the connecting pipe between the liquid storage tank (25) and the third heat exchanger (22).

10. A method of operating the adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorption-type carbon dioxide energy storage system further includes: a first control valve (34), a second control valve (35), a third control valve (36), a fourth control valve (37), a sixth control valve (39), and a ninth control valve (42); wherein, the first control valve (34) is located at the inlet of the first heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger (7); the second control valve (35) is located at the inlet of the heat exchange channel of the refrigerant generator (11); the third control valve (36) is located in the connecting pipe between the first heat storage tank (8) and the carbon dioxide adsorption tower (10); the fourth control valve (37) is located in the connecting pipe between the first cold storage tank (9) and the first heat exchanger (7); the sixth control valve (39) is located in the connecting pipe between the carbon dioxide adsorption tower (10) and the carbon dioxide compressor (19); and the ninth control valve (42) is located in the connecting pipe between the liquid storage tank (25) and the third heat exchanger (22). The operation method includes the following steps: Close the third control valve (36), the sixth control valve (39), and the ninth control valve (42), and open the first control valve (34), the second control valve (35), and the fourth control valve (37); wherein, by controlling the first control valve (34) and the second control valve (35), the flue gas ratio entering the absorption refrigeration cycle and the heat storage cycle is allocated; the flue gas entering the heat storage cycle first enters the first heat exchanger (7) to exchange heat with the heat storage medium from the first cold storage tank (9), and stores the heat in the first heat storage tank (8), and the cooled flue gas enters the carbon dioxide adsorption tower (10) to be adsorbed; the flue gas entering the absorption refrigeration cycle provides heat to the refrigerant generator (11), and the cooled flue gas enters the carbon dioxide adsorption tower (10) to be adsorbed; the high-concentration refrigerant solution in the refrigerant absorber (13) is pressurized by the refrigerant booster pump (26) and enters the refrigerant heat exchanger (12) to absorb heat and increase temperature, and the heated flue gas enters the refrigerant heat exchanger (12) to absorb heat and increase temperature. A high-concentration refrigerant solution enters the refrigerant generator (11) and absorbs heat from the flue gas to raise its temperature, causing some of the refrigerant in the high-concentration refrigerant solution to evaporate into a gaseous state, forming a gaseous refrigerant and a low-concentration refrigerant solution. The low-concentration refrigerant solution enters the refrigerant heat exchanger (12) to exchange heat and cool down, transferring heat to the low-temperature high-concentration refrigerant solution. After cooling, the low-concentration refrigerant solution expands through the first refrigerant expansion valve (27) and enters the refrigerant absorber (13). The gaseous refrigerant first enters the refrigerant condenser (18) to condense into a liquid state, and then expands through the first refrigerant expansion valve (27) before entering the refrigerant evaporator (14) to absorb heat and evaporate. The evaporated gaseous refrigerant enters the refrigerant absorber (13) and is absorbed by the low-concentration refrigerant solution in the refrigerant absorber (13) to form a high-concentration refrigerant solution for the next cycle. The refrigerant evaporator (14) is used to provide a cold source for users with cold energy. In addition, when the system stores energy, the first control valve (34), the second control valve (35), the fourth control valve (37), and the ninth control valve (42) are closed, and the third control valve (36) and the sixth control valve (39) are opened. The heat storage medium stored in the first heat storage tank (8) enters the heat exchange pipe in the carbon dioxide adsorption tower (10) to achieve carbon dioxide desorption. The desorbed carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide compressor (19) for compression, and the compressed carbon dioxide enters the second heat exchanger (20) for heat exchange, outputs and stores the heat, and the cooled carbon dioxide enters the liquid storage tank (25) for storage.

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