Method for determining and controlling opening length of hard shoulder in expressway reconstruction and expansion

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of expressway reconstruction hard shoulder opening length determination and operation control method, belong to intelligent transportation field.The method includes: in the range of expressway reconstruction interflow area and upstream road section, multiple groups of data acquisition equipment are set, and lane level traffic flow data of main line and ramp in equipment layout position are obtained;Traffic simulation platform is used to simulate the traffic operation state of reconstruction interflow area and upstream road section, and evaluation index is collected, and the traffic operating conditions before and after hard shoulder opening are compared, to determine the opening length of hard shoulder of expressway reconstruction;Input hard shoulder opening usable width and vehicle average driving speed, using hard shoulder opening allowable traffic type determination method, output allowable traffic type and corresponding speed limit value;Input main line and ramp lane level traffic flow data, using hard shoulder opening control algorithm, output hard shoulder opening control strategy and operation management mode;The result is input into hard shoulder control outside facility, and hard shoulder opening control strategy is executed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of intelligent transportation and relates to a method for determining the open length of the hard shoulder in highway reconstruction and expansion and for operation control. Background Technology

[0002] Opening the hard shoulder of a highway allows for the scientific and rational formulation of vehicle types, operation management methods, and control strategies, significantly improving road capacity. However, currently, there is no corresponding technical method for its implementation. Currently, the hard shoulder is typically opened between two adjacent interchanges. Therefore, after opening, conflicts between small vehicles on the hard shoulder and large vehicles in the adjacent left lane will create safety hazards. Furthermore, if the hard shoulder is opened for a long distance along the entire length, and a vehicle temporarily occupies it due to a breakdown or other safety incident on the highway, it will pose a safety risk to vehicles subsequently entering the hard shoulder.

[0003] Therefore, it is essential to pay attention to the opening of hard shoulders at interchange exits and a certain distance upstream. However, existing technologies cannot determine the length of hard shoulder openings, especially during the reconstruction and expansion of highways. Determining the length of hard shoulder openings is particularly important for determining the hard shoulder maintenance sections. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for determining and controlling the opening length of the hard shoulder during highway reconstruction and expansion, overcoming problems such as unreasonable hard shoulder opening sections, inappropriate hard shoulder opening lengths, driving risks associated with allowing large vehicles to pass on narrow hard shoulders, and unclear hard shoulder opening operation management methods and control strategies. This method reduces the interweaving of vehicles in interchange diversion areas during highway reconstruction and expansion, improves the traffic safety level of diversion areas, and achieves intelligent expansion and refined management of interchange areas during highway reconstruction and expansion under surges in traffic flow.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for determining and controlling the opening length of hard shoulders during highway reconstruction and expansion is proposed. Considering that during highway reconstruction and expansion, the hard shoulders are occupied during widening on both sides and the connection between old and new sections, rendering them unusable and significantly impacting traffic on the main highway, especially in the highway diversion areas. To reduce the impact of traffic weaving at interchange exits and improve interchange efficiency, this invention involves rapid construction on a certain section upstream of the interchange, completing the work in a short time to ensure the usability of the hard shoulder in that upstream section, while construction on the remaining sections can proceed normally. This method improves the capacity of the main highway and ramps by opening the hard shoulders in interchanges, with minimal impact on the highway reconstruction and expansion schedule.

[0007] The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0008] S1: In the interchange area and upstream section of the highway reconstruction and expansion project L max Multiple sets of data acquisition devices are set up within the area to acquire lane-level traffic flow data of the main line and ramps at the locations where the data acquisition devices are deployed;

[0009] Upstream section L max Within the area, a set of data acquisition equipment and hard shoulder control facilities shall be installed every L = 100m to 500m; a set of data acquisition equipment shall be installed at each ramp and branch ramp I and branch ramp II;

[0010] S2: Use a traffic simulation platform to simulate the traffic operation status of the interchange area and upstream section of the highway reconstruction and expansion, collect evaluation indicators such as queue length, density, speed and travel time, compare the traffic operation status before and after the hard shoulder is opened, and determine the opening length of the hard shoulder of the highway reconstruction and expansion.

[0011] S3: Input the usable width of the open hard shoulder and the average vehicle speed, use the method for determining the permitted vehicle types for the open hard shoulder of highway reconstruction and expansion, and output the permitted vehicle types and corresponding speed limits;

[0012] S4: Input the mainline and ramp lane-level traffic flow data, and use the highway reconstruction and expansion hard shoulder opening control algorithm to output the hard shoulder opening control strategy and operation management method;

[0013] S5: Input the result of step S4 into the hard shoulder control outer facility and execute the hard shoulder opening control strategy.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S2, determining the open length of the hard shoulder for highway reconstruction and expansion specifically includes the following steps:

[0015] S21: Use measured traffic flow data and highway alignment data to correct the parameters of the traffic simulation platform, and use the traffic simulation platform to simulate the actual traffic operation status of the highway reconstruction and expansion interchange area and upstream section.

[0016] S22: The open length of the hard shoulder is determined according to 0m, L1=L, L2=2L, ..., L n =nL、...、L N =NL is set, and traffic operation status under different hard shoulder opening lengths is simulated in the traffic simulation platform, and evaluation indicators such as queue length, density, speed and travel time are collected;

[0017] S23: Comprehensively evaluate various evaluation indicators and compare the open lengths of the hard shoulder as L1, L2, ..., L n、 ...、L N Based on traffic conditions when the hard shoulder is not open, select the minimum hard shoulder opening length L that alleviates traffic congestion. nThis serves as the real-time length of the hard shoulder open during highway reconstruction and expansion.

[0018] The maximum length of the hard shoulder to be opened during highway reconstruction and expansion, i.e., L max The minimum open length of the hard shoulder is determined as follows: In step S21, all traffic flow data for different time periods during the highway reconstruction and expansion are input, and in step S23, the minimum open length of the hard shoulder for different time periods is obtained. The maximum value among these values ​​is selected as the maximum open length L of the hard shoulder. max ;

[0019] The occupation of hard shoulder during highway reconstruction and expansion is divided into two categories: construction zone I with hard shoulder occupation and construction zone II without hard shoulder occupation. Construction zone I with hard shoulder occupation means the hard shoulder is not available for vehicle use; construction zone II without hard shoulder occupation means the hard shoulder is available for vehicle use; the length of construction zone II without hard shoulder occupation is not less than L. max .

[0020] Furthermore, in step S3, the method for determining the permitted vehicle types for opening the hard shoulder of a highway reconstruction and expansion project specifically includes the following steps:

[0021] S31: Input the driving speed and width of different vehicle types, and use the vehicle lateral safety distance model to calculate the vehicle types that can pass through the hard shoulder within the range of different hard shoulder widths and different speed values;

[0022] S32: Use data acquisition equipment to obtain the width of the hard shoulder in construction zone II during the reconstruction and expansion construction process, and determine the usable width of the hard shoulder;

[0023] S33: Use data acquisition equipment to obtain the average driving speed of vehicles on the main lane of the proposed open hard shoulder area, and combine it with the usable width of the open hard shoulder to determine the permitted vehicle types and corresponding speed limits from Table 1.

[0024] Furthermore, in step S4, the output hard shoulder opening control strategy and operation management method specifically include the following steps:

[0025] S41: Input data acquisition equipment obtains mainline and ramp lane-level traffic flow data, including mainline lanes and data on the flow, density and speed of different vehicle types entering different branch ramps;

[0026] S42: Determine whether the average vehicle speed in the interchange area is not greater than the free-flow speed multiplied by a threshold coefficient, or whether the average vehicle density in the interchange area is not less than the congestion density multiplied by a threshold coefficient, or whether the average queue length in the interchange area is not less than a certain value; if so, activate dynamic opening of the hard shoulder; the judgment conditions are as follows:

[0027] v≤μ v v f

[0028] k≥μ k k0

[0029] d≥d0

[0030] Where v is the average vehicle speed in the interchange area, in km / h; v f denoted as ρk, where k is the free-flow velocity of vehicles in the interchange area (km / h); k is the average vehicle density in the interchange area (pcu / km); k0 is the vehicle congestion density in the interchange area (pcu / km); d is the queue length of vehicles in the interchange area (m); d0 is the queue length threshold of vehicles in the interchange area (m); μ0 v μ k This is the threshold coefficient;

[0031] S43: Adopt the hard shoulder opening control algorithm to determine the hard shoulder opening operation and management mode;

[0032] S44: Check whether the selected operation and management method for the hard shoulder of the highway reconstruction and expansion meets the requirements for the types of vehicles allowed to pass through the hard shoulder; if not, adjust the vehicle release method in the operation and management method to the types of vehicles allowed to pass through.

[0033] Output the management method for opening and operating the hard shoulder of the highway reconstruction and expansion project, and the length L of the hard shoulder open. n Control strategies such as hard shoulder opening speed limits, 0m to L upstream of interchange. n Allowing the hard shoulder to be open, upstream of the interchange L n ~L max Hard shoulders are not permitted.

[0034] Furthermore, in step S43, there are two algorithms for controlling the opening of the hard shoulder:

[0035] Control Algorithm 1:

[0036] The formula for calculating the flow ratio of vehicle type j in ramp i is as follows:

[0037]

[0038] Where, p ij q represents the flow ratio of vehicle type j in ramp i; ij Q represents the flow rate of vehicle type j entering ramp i, in pcu / h; Q represents the total flow rate of the upstream section of the interchange, in pcu / h; m represents the number of lanes on the main line of the expressway; i represents the ramp number, i∈{1,2} represents ramp I and ramp II respectively; j represents the vehicle type number, j∈{1,2,3} represents small car, medium car and large car respectively.

[0039] Calculate p 11 If it is greater than the flow rate ratio threshold μ p At that time, the opening method for small vehicles in the direction of ramp I should be selected;

[0040] When the above requirements are not met, calculate If it is greater than the flow rate ratio threshold μ p At that time, the opening mode for small and medium-sized vehicles should be selected for the I direction of the ramp;

[0041] When the above requirements are not met, calculate If it is greater than the flow rate ratio threshold μ p At that time, the non-fixed vehicle type opening mode for ramp I direction will be selected;

[0042] When the above requirements are not met, calculate If it is greater than the flow rate ratio threshold μ p At that time, the non-targeted small vehicle opening method shall be selected;

[0043] When the above requirements are not met, calculate If it is greater than the flow rate ratio threshold μ p At that time, the opening method for non-targeted small and medium-sized vehicles should be selected;

[0044] When the above requirements are not met, calculate If it is greater than the flow rate ratio threshold μ p At that time, choose a non-targeted, non-designated vehicle type opening method;

[0045] Control Algorithm 2:

[0046] Traffic flow data and all hard shoulder open operation management methods are input into the traffic simulation platform to collect evaluation indicators such as queue length, density, speed, and travel time. The traffic operation status of various hard shoulder open operation management methods is compared, and the best hard shoulder open operation management method is selected.

[0047] Furthermore, in step S4, the hard shoulder opening operation management methods include: non-directional and non-designated vehicle type opening method, non-directional and designated vehicle type opening method, directional and non-designated vehicle type opening method, and directional and designated vehicle type opening method;

[0048] The non-directional, non-designated vehicle type opening method: During the opening of the hard shoulder, all vehicle types are allowed to use the hard shoulder when turning into ramp I and ramp II;

[0049] The non-directional vehicle type opening method: During the opening of the hard shoulder, one or two specific types of vehicles, including small cars, medium cars, and large cars, are allowed to use the hard shoulder when turning into ramp I and ramp II, including non-directional small car opening method, non-directional medium car opening method, and non-directional large car opening method, etc.

[0050] The specified directional non-designated vehicle type opening method: During the opening of the hard shoulder, all vehicle types are allowed to use the hard shoulder when turning into ramp 1 or ramp 2, including the non-designated vehicle type opening method in the direction of ramp 1 and the non-designated vehicle type opening method in the direction of ramp 2, etc.

[0051] The specified vehicle type opening method: During the opening of the hard shoulder, one or two specific types of vehicles, including small cars, medium-sized cars, and large cars, are allowed to use the hard shoulder when turning into ramp I or ramp II. This includes the opening method for small cars in the direction of ramp I, the opening method for medium-sized cars in the direction of ramp I, the opening method for large cars in the direction of ramp I, the opening method for small cars in the direction of ramp II, the opening method for medium-sized cars in the direction of ramp II, and the opening method for large cars in the direction of ramp II.

[0052] Furthermore, in step S5, the facilities on the outer side of the hard shoulder opening control include variable information signs, variable speed limit signs, outdoor broadcasts, lane indicator lights, data acquisition equipment, etc.

[0053] The lane indicator lights display the following information: Hard shoulder closed (no occupancy), Hard shoulder full inspection (check for any disabled vehicles on the hard shoulder before opening), Hard shoulder open (use of the hard shoulder permitted), Hard shoulder ahead closed (exit the hard shoulder).

[0054] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention can be applied to the reconstruction and expansion construction and operation phases of highways, ordinary roads, and urban road interchanges with four or more lanes in both directions. It is used for refined and intelligent management of the opening of hard shoulders in interchanges and upstream sections. By allowing different types of vehicles to flexibly use hard shoulders at interchange exits and a certain distance upstream, it encourages vehicles leaving the main line to choose the outer hard shoulder in advance, while prohibiting vehicles going straight on the main line from using hard shoulders. This avoids vehicle weaving and conflict in the diversion area, ensures the safe exit of vehicles leaving the main line, improves the traffic efficiency and service level of highway interchanges, and ensures driving safety in highway interchanges.

[0055] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0056] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0057] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the setup and layout of the method for determining the open length of the hard shoulder in highway reconstruction and expansion according to the present invention.

[0058] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for determining the open length of the hard shoulder in highway reconstruction and expansion, and its operation control, according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0059] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0060] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0061] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0062] Please see Figures 1-2 This invention provides a method for determining and controlling the operation of open hard shoulders in highway reconstruction and expansion projects, comprising the following steps:

[0063] S1: In the interchange area and upstream section of the highway reconstruction and expansion project L max Multiple sets of data acquisition devices are set up within the area to acquire lane-level traffic flow data of the main line and ramps at the locations where the data acquisition devices are deployed.

[0064] Upstream section L max Within the area, a set of data acquisition equipment and hard shoulder control facilities shall be installed every L = 100m to 500m. A set of data acquisition equipment shall be installed at each ramp and at both ramp 1 and ramp 2.

[0065] S2: Use a traffic simulation platform to simulate the traffic operation status of the interchange area and upstream section of the highway reconstruction and expansion, collect evaluation indicators such as queue length, density, speed, and travel time, compare the traffic operation status before and after the hard shoulder is opened, and determine the opening length of the hard shoulder of the highway reconstruction and expansion.

[0066] Step S2, the method for determining the open length of the hard shoulder in highway reconstruction and expansion, includes the following steps:

[0067] S21: Use measured traffic flow data and highway alignment data to correct the parameters of the traffic simulation platform, and use the traffic simulation platform to simulate the actual traffic operation status of the highway reconstruction and expansion interchange area and upstream section.

[0068] S22: The open length of the hard shoulder is determined according to 0m, L1=L, L2=2L, ..., L n =nL、…、L N =NL is set to simulate traffic operation under different hard shoulder opening lengths in the traffic simulation platform, and evaluation indicators such as queue length, density, speed, and travel time are collected.

[0069] S23: Comprehensively evaluate various evaluation indicators and compare the open lengths of the hard shoulder as L1, L2, ..., L n ..., L N Based on traffic conditions when the hard shoulder is not open, select the minimum hard shoulder opening length L that alleviates traffic congestion. n This serves as the real-time open length of the hard shoulder during highway reconstruction and expansion.

[0070] The maximum length of the hard shoulder to be opened during highway reconstruction and expansion, i.e., L max The minimum open length of the hard shoulder is determined as follows: In step S21, all traffic flow data for different time periods during the highway reconstruction and expansion are input, and in step S23, the minimum open length of the hard shoulder for different time periods is obtained. The maximum value among these values ​​is selected as the maximum open length L of the hard shoulder. max .

[0071] The occupation of hard shoulder during highway reconstruction and expansion is divided into two categories: construction area 1 with hard shoulder occupation and construction area 2 without hard shoulder occupation. Construction area 1 with hard shoulder occupation means the hard shoulder is not usable by vehicles. Construction area 2 without hard shoulder occupation means the hard shoulder is usable by vehicles. The length of construction area 2 without hard shoulder occupation is not less than L. max .

[0072] S3: Input the usable width of the open hard shoulder and the average vehicle speed. Using the method for determining the permitted vehicle types for the open hard shoulder of highway reconstruction and expansion, output the permitted vehicle types and corresponding speed limits.

[0073] Step S3, the method for determining the permitted vehicle types for opening the hard shoulder of highway reconstruction and expansion, includes the following steps:

[0074] S31: Input the driving speed and vehicle width of different vehicle types, and use the vehicle lateral safety distance model to calculate the vehicle types that can pass through the hard shoulder within different speed ranges for different hard shoulder widths. As shown in Table 1.

[0075] Table 1. Vehicle types permitted to pass at different speed ranges for various hard shoulder widths.

[0076]

[0077] Note: γ ab Thresholds are used to define the open speed ranges for hard shoulders, where a∈{1,2,3,4,5,6} and b∈{1,2,3,4}.

[0078] S32: Use data acquisition equipment to obtain the width of the hard shoulder in construction area 2 during the reconstruction and expansion construction process, and determine the usable width of the hard shoulder.

[0079] S33: Use data acquisition equipment to obtain the average driving speed of vehicles on the main lane of the proposed open hard shoulder area, and combine it with the usable width of the open hard shoulder to determine the permitted vehicle types and corresponding speed limits from Table 1.

[0080] S4: Input the mainline and ramp lane-level traffic flow data, and use the highway reconstruction and expansion hard shoulder opening control algorithm to output the hard shoulder opening control strategy and operation management mode.

[0081] In step S4, the management methods for opening and operating the hard shoulder of the highway reconstruction and expansion project include: non-directional and non-designated vehicle type opening method, non-directional and designated vehicle type opening method, directional and non-designated vehicle type opening method, and directional and designated vehicle type opening method.

[0082] The non-directional, non-type-specific opening method allows all vehicle types to use the hard shoulder during the opening period when the hard shoulder is open, enabling them to enter ramp 1 and ramp 2.

[0083] The non-directional, vehicle-type-specific opening method allows one or two specific types of vehicles, including small cars, medium-sized cars, and large cars, to use the hard shoulder when turning into ramp 1 and ramp 2 during the hard shoulder opening period. This includes the non-directional small car opening method, the non-directional medium car opening method, and the non-directional large car opening method.

[0084] The designated non-designated vehicle type opening method allows all vehicle types to use the hard shoulder when turning into ramp 1 or ramp 2 during the hard shoulder opening period, including the non-designated vehicle type opening method in the direction of ramp 1 and the non-designated vehicle type opening method in the direction of ramp 2.

[0085] The designated vehicle type opening method allows specific types of vehicles, including small cars, medium-sized cars, and large cars, to use the hard shoulder when turning into ramp 1 or ramp 2 during the hard shoulder opening period. This includes the opening method for small cars in the direction of ramp 1, the opening method for medium-sized cars in the direction of ramp 1, the opening method for large cars in the direction of ramp 1, the opening method for small cars in the direction of ramp 2, the opening method for medium-sized cars in the direction of ramp 2, and the opening method for large cars in the direction of ramp 2.

[0086] In step S4, the algorithm for opening the hard shoulder of highway reconstruction and expansion includes the following steps:

[0087] S41: Input data acquisition equipment obtains mainline and ramp lane-level traffic flow data, including mainline lanes and data on different vehicle types' flow rate, density, and speed when turning into different branch ramps.

[0088] S42: Determine whether the average vehicle speed in the interchange area is not greater than the free-flow speed multiplied by a threshold coefficient, or whether the average vehicle density in the interchange area is not less than the congestion density multiplied by a threshold coefficient, or whether the average queue length in the interchange area is not less than a certain value. If so, activate dynamic opening of the hard shoulder. The judgment conditions are as follows:

[0089] v≤μ v v f

[0090] k≥μ k k0

[0091] d≥d0

[0092] Where v is the average vehicle speed in the interchange area, in km / h; v f denoted as ρk, where k is the free-flow velocity of vehicles in the interchange area (km / h); k is the average vehicle density in the interchange area (pcu / km); k0 is the vehicle congestion density in the interchange area (pcu / km); d is the queue length of vehicles in the interchange area (m); d0 is the queue length threshold of vehicles in the interchange area (m); μ0 v μ k This is the threshold coefficient.

[0093] S43. Adopt a hard shoulder opening control algorithm to determine the hard shoulder opening operation and management mode. There are two hard shoulder opening control algorithms.

[0094] Control Algorithm 1:

[0095] The flow ratio of vehicle type j in the turning ramp i is calculated as follows:

[0096]

[0097] Where, p ij q represents the flow ratio of vehicle type j in ramp i; ijQ represents the flow rate of vehicle type j entering ramp i, expressed as pcu / h; Q represents the total flow rate of the upstream section of the interchange, expressed as pcu / h; m represents the number of lanes on the main line of the expressway; i represents the ramp number, i∈{1,2} representing ramp 1 and ramp 2 respectively; j represents the vehicle type number, j∈{1,2,3} representing small car, medium car, and large car respectively.

[0098] Calculate p 11 If it is greater than the flow rate ratio threshold μ p When choosing the option, select the opening mode for small vehicles in the direction of ramp 1.

[0099] When the above requirements are not met, calculate If it is greater than the flow rate ratio threshold μ p At that time, the opening mode for small and medium-sized vehicles in the direction of ramp 1 should be selected.

[0100] When the above requirements are not met, calculate If it is greater than the flow rate ratio threshold μ p At that time, the non-fixed vehicle type opening mode of ramp 1 is selected.

[0101] When the above requirements are not met, calculate If it is greater than the flow rate ratio threshold μ p At that time, the non-targeted small vehicle opening method should be selected.

[0102] When the above requirements are not met, calculate If it is greater than the flow rate ratio threshold μ p At that time, the non-targeted small and medium-sized vehicle opening method should be selected.

[0103] When the above requirements are not met, calculate If it is greater than the flow rate ratio threshold μ p At that time, choose the non-targeted, non-designated vehicle type opening method.

[0104] Control Algorithm 2:

[0105] Traffic flow data and all hard shoulder open operation management methods are input into the traffic simulation platform to collect evaluation indicators such as queue length, density, speed, and travel time. The traffic operation status of various hard shoulder open operation management methods is compared, and the best hard shoulder open operation management method is selected.

[0106] S44: Check whether the selected operation and management method for the hard shoulder of the highway reconstruction and expansion project meets the requirements for the types of vehicles allowed to pass through the hard shoulder. If not, adjust the vehicle release method in the operation and management method to the types of vehicles allowed to pass.

[0107] Output the management method for opening and operating the hard shoulder of the highway reconstruction and expansion project, and the length L of the hard shoulder open. n Control strategies such as hard shoulder opening speed limits, 0m to L upstream of interchange. nAllowing the hard shoulder to be open, upstream of the interchange L n ~L max Hard shoulders are not permitted.

[0108] S5: Input the results into the hard shoulder control outer facility and execute the hard shoulder opening control strategy.

[0109] In step S5, the hard shoulder opens to control the outer facilities, including variable message signs, variable speed limit signs, outdoor broadcasts, lane indicator lights, data acquisition equipment, etc.

[0110] The lane indicator lights display the following information: Hard shoulder closed (no occupancy), Hard shoulder full inspection (check for any disabled vehicles on the hard shoulder before opening), Hard shoulder open (use of the hard shoulder permitted), Hard shoulder ahead closed (exit the hard shoulder).

[0111] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for determining the open length of the hard shoulder in highway reconstruction and expansion and for operation control, characterized in that, The method specifically includes the following steps: S1: In the interchange area and upstream section of the highway reconstruction and expansion project. Multiple sets of data acquisition devices are set up within the area to acquire lane-level traffic flow data of the main line and ramps where the data acquisition devices are deployed; Upstream section Every range Each meter is equipped with a set of data acquisition equipment and hard shoulder control facilities; a set of data acquisition equipment is installed at each ramp and branch ramp I and branch ramp II; S2: Use a traffic simulation platform to simulate the traffic operation status of the interchange area and upstream section of the highway reconstruction and expansion, collect queue length, density, speed and travel time, compare the traffic operation status before and after the hard shoulder is opened, and determine the opening length of the hard shoulder of the highway reconstruction and expansion. S3: Input the usable width of the open hard shoulder and the average vehicle speed, use the method for determining the permitted vehicle types for the open hard shoulder of highway reconstruction and expansion, and output the permitted vehicle types and corresponding speed limits; S4: Input mainline and ramp lane-level traffic flow data, utilize the highway reconstruction and expansion hard shoulder opening control algorithm, and output hard shoulder opening control strategy and operation management method; there are two hard shoulder opening control algorithms: Control Algorithm 1: Calculate the turning ramp medium-sized models The ratio of flow rates is given by the formula: in, To enter the branch ramp medium-sized models The ratio of flow rates; To enter the branch ramp medium-sized models Traffic; The total traffic flow of the upstream section of the interchange area; This refers to the number of lanes on the main line of the expressway. For the numbering of ramps, These are respectively branch ramp I and branch ramp II; For vehicle model number, These are respectively small cars, medium-sized cars, and large cars; calculate If it exceeds the traffic ratio threshold At that time, the opening method for small vehicles in the direction of ramp I will be selected; When the above requirements are not met, calculate If it exceeds the traffic ratio threshold At that time, the opening mode for small and medium-sized vehicles will be selected for the direction of ramp I; When the above requirements are not met, calculate If it exceeds the traffic ratio threshold At that time, the non-fixed vehicle type opening mode for ramp I direction will be selected; When the above requirements are not met, calculate If it exceeds the traffic ratio threshold At that time, the non-targeted small vehicle opening method shall be selected; When the above requirements are not met, calculate If it exceeds the traffic ratio threshold At that time, the opening method for non-targeted small and medium-sized vehicles should be selected; When the above requirements are not met, calculate If it exceeds the traffic ratio threshold At that time, choose a non-targeted, non-designated vehicle type opening method; Control Algorithm 2: Input traffic flow data and all hard shoulder open operation management methods into the traffic simulation platform, collect queue length, density, speed and travel time, compare the traffic operation status of various hard shoulder open operation management methods, and select the best hard shoulder open operation management method; S5: Input the result of step S4 into the hard shoulder control outer facility and execute the hard shoulder opening control strategy.

2. The method for determining and controlling the operation of open shoulders in highway reconstruction and expansion according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, determining the open length of the hard shoulder for highway reconstruction and expansion specifically includes the following steps: S21: Use measured traffic flow data and highway alignment data to correct the parameters of the traffic simulation platform, and use the traffic simulation platform to simulate the actual traffic operation status of the highway reconstruction and expansion interchange area and upstream section. S22: The open length of the hard shoulder shall be determined according to 0 m, , … … Configure the system to simulate traffic operation under different hard shoulder opening lengths in the traffic simulation platform, and collect queue length, density, speed and travel time. S23: A comprehensive evaluation of all assessment indicators, comparing the open length of the hard shoulder with... , … … Compared to traffic conditions when the hard shoulder is not open, select the minimum hard shoulder opening length that alleviates traffic congestion. This serves as the real-time length of the hard shoulder open during highway reconstruction and expansion. The maximum length of the hard shoulder to be opened during the reconstruction and expansion of a highway, i.e. The following method is used to determine the maximum open length of the hard shoulder: In step S21, input all traffic flow data for different time periods during the highway reconstruction and expansion, and in step S23, obtain the minimum open length of the hard shoulder for different time periods. Select the maximum value among them as the maximum open length of the hard shoulder. ; The occupation of hard shoulder during highway reconstruction and expansion is divided into two categories: construction zone I with hard shoulder occupation and construction zone II without hard shoulder occupation. Construction zone I with hard shoulder occupation means the hard shoulder is not available for vehicle use; construction zone II without hard shoulder occupation means the hard shoulder is available for vehicle use. The length of construction zone II without hard shoulder occupation is not less than [a certain length is missing from the original text]. .

3. The method for determining and controlling the operation of open hard shoulders in highway reconstruction and expansion according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S3, the method for determining the permitted vehicle types for opening the hard shoulder of the highway reconstruction and expansion project specifically includes the following steps: S31: Input the driving speed and width of different vehicle types, and use the vehicle lateral safety distance model to calculate the vehicle types that can pass through the hard shoulder within the range of different hard shoulder widths and different speed values; S32: Use data acquisition equipment to obtain the width of the hard shoulder in construction area II during the reconstruction and expansion construction process, and determine the usable width of the hard shoulder; S33: Use data acquisition equipment to obtain the average speed of vehicles on the main lanes of the proposed open hard shoulder area, and combine this with the usable width of the open hard shoulder to determine the permitted vehicle types and corresponding speed limits.

4. The method for determining and controlling the operation of open shoulders in highway reconstruction and expansion according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S4, the output hard shoulder opening control strategy and operation management method specifically include the following steps: S41: Input data acquisition equipment to obtain mainline and ramp lane-level traffic flow data, including the flow rate, density and speed of different vehicle types in the mainline lanes and turning into different branch ramps; S42: Determine whether the average vehicle speed in the interchange area is not greater than the free-flow speed multiplied by a threshold coefficient, or whether the average vehicle density in the interchange area is not less than the congestion density multiplied by a threshold coefficient, or whether the average queue length in the interchange area is not less than a certain value; if so, activate dynamic opening of the hard shoulder; the judgment conditions are as follows: in, The average speed of vehicles in the interchange area; The free-flow speed of vehicles in the interchange area; The average vehicle density in the interchange area; Traffic congestion density in the interchange area; The length of vehicle queues in the interchange area; The threshold for vehicle queue length in the interchange area; , This is the threshold coefficient; S43: Adopt the hard shoulder opening control algorithm to determine the hard shoulder opening operation and management mode; S44: Check whether the selected operation and management method for the hard shoulder of the highway reconstruction and expansion meets the requirements for the types of vehicles allowed to pass through the hard shoulder; if not, adjust the vehicle release method in the operation and management method to the types of vehicles allowed to pass through. The output includes the management method for opening and operating the hard shoulders of highway reconstruction and expansion projects, and the length of the hard shoulders open. The control strategy for opening speed limits on hard shoulders, 0 m upstream of interchanges. Allowing the hard shoulder to be open, upstream of the interchange area ~ Hard shoulders are not permitted.

5. The method for determining and controlling the operation of open shoulders in highway reconstruction and expansion according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the hard shoulder opening operation management methods include: non-directional and non-designated vehicle type opening method, non-directional and designated vehicle type opening method, directional and non-designated vehicle type opening method, and directional and designated vehicle type opening method; The non-directional, non-designated vehicle type opening method: During the opening of the hard shoulder, all vehicle types are allowed to use the hard shoulder when turning into ramp I and ramp II; The non-directional vehicle type opening method: During the opening of the hard shoulder, one or two specific types of vehicles, including small cars, medium cars, and large cars, are allowed to use the hard shoulder when turning into ramp I and ramp II, including the non-directional small car opening method, the non-directional medium car opening method, and the non-directional large car opening method. The specified directional non-designated vehicle type opening method: During the hard shoulder opening period, all vehicle types are allowed to use the hard shoulder when turning into ramp 1 or ramp 2, including the non-designated vehicle type opening method in the direction of ramp 1 and the non-designated vehicle type opening method in the direction of ramp 2; The specified vehicle type opening method: During the opening of the hard shoulder, one or two specific types of vehicles, including small cars, medium-sized cars, and large cars, are allowed to use the hard shoulder when turning into ramp I or ramp II. This includes the opening method for small cars in the direction of ramp I, the opening method for medium-sized cars in the direction of ramp I, the opening method for large cars in the direction of ramp I, the opening method for small cars in the direction of ramp II, the opening method for medium-sized cars in the direction of ramp II, and the opening method for large cars in the direction of ramp II.

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