A method for preparing 7085 aluminum alloy long and wide plate parts
By combining unidirectional upsetting and bidirectional drawing in a forging deformation method, the problem of uneven grain structure in large length and width plates of 7085 aluminum alloy was solved, and the preparation of aluminum alloy plates with fine and uniform grains and excellent mechanical properties was achieved, which is suitable for aerospace equipment.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SOUTHWEST ALUMINUM GRP
- Filing Date
- 2023-10-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-17
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods are insufficient to produce large-length and wide 7085 aluminum alloy plates with good uniformity of grain structure and mechanical properties. Conventional rolling and multi-directional free forging methods have problems with coarse or uneven grains, which cannot meet the requirements of aerospace equipment.
A forging deformation method combining unidirectional upsetting and bidirectional drawing is adopted, including unidirectional upsetting and bidirectional drawing on aluminum alloy ingots. The reduction amount, deformation amount per pass and speed in the forging process are controlled to achieve uniform strain distribution, combined with solution quenching and artificial aging treatment.
Large-length and wide 7085 aluminum alloy plates with fine and uniform grain structure and excellent mechanical properties were prepared to meet the requirements of aerospace equipment. The length and width are both greater than 2000mm, and the length-to-thickness ratio is greater than 10, making them suitable for processing and manufacturing large-scale components.
Smart Images
Figure CN117340036B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy preparation processes, and more particularly to a method for preparing 7085 aluminum alloy large length and width plates. Background Technology
[0002] To further reduce weight, aerospace equipment is increasingly adopting large, integrated components instead of assembling multiple smaller parts. Therefore, large aluminum alloy plates are indispensable materials, placing higher demands on their microstructure uniformity and mechanical properties. Currently, the fabrication of large aluminum alloy plates is receiving increasing attention in the industry, and 7085 aluminum alloy, with its low quenching sensitivity, is gradually being applied to large components for aerospace equipment.
[0003] 7085 aluminum alloy is suitable for large components, requiring high overall performance and uniform properties. For long and wide plates, existing methods often employ rolling and multi-directional free forging. However, these methods are limited by processing techniques and equipment capabilities. Large components often exhibit large overall grain size and uneven grain structure in different locations, leading to significant performance variations and failing to meet application requirements. Specifically, conventional processing methods for large 7085 aluminum alloy plates have the following technical drawbacks: Due to the large plate thickness, such as 170–200 mm, rolling with ingots of 450–550 mm thickness results in a total reduction of only 55.6%–69%. Although the grains are relatively uniform, their coarse size leads to poor overall performance. If multi-directional free forging is used to obtain large long and wide plates, the difficulty in controlling metal sulfur transformation often results in turbulent metal flow, only achieving locally fine grains. This leads to poor uniformity in grain structure and mechanical properties, failing to meet application requirements. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing 7085 aluminum alloy long and wide plates. The preparation method includes a forging deformation method combining unidirectional upsetting and bidirectional drawing. The 7085 aluminum alloy long and wide plates prepared by the method have fine and uniform grain structure, achieving good mechanical property matching and reasonable performance matching in different directions of the large plates, thus meeting the application requirements.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
[0006] This invention provides a method for preparing 7085 aluminum alloy long and wide plates, including sequentially performing unidirectional upsetting and bidirectional drawing on 7085 aluminum alloy ingots.
[0007] Preferably, the unidirectional upsetting involves an upsetting reduction of 45% to 50% of the original length along the length of the 7085 aluminum alloy ingot. In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the unidirectional upsetting involves an upsetting reduction of 45% or 50% of the original length along the length of the 7085 aluminum alloy ingot.
[0008] Preferably, the two-way elongation involves first elongating the 7085 aluminum alloy ingot after unidirectional upsetting along the thickness direction, then pressing it down in the length direction to 20% to 25% of the original length of the 7085 aluminum alloy ingot, and then elongating it along the width direction, pressing it down in the length direction to 12% to 14% of the original length of the 7085 aluminum alloy ingot.
[0009] Preferably, the length and width of the 7085 aluminum alloy large-length and wide plate are both greater than 2000mm, and the ratio of length and width to thickness is both greater than 10.
[0010] Preferably, the unidirectional upsetting includes 2 to 3 upsetting passes, with the reduction amount of each upsetting pass being 15% to 25% of the original length of the ingot, and the reduction speed of each upsetting pass not exceeding 5 mm / s.
[0011] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the unidirectional upsetting includes two upsetting passes. The first upsetting passes reduce the length by 25% of the original length of the ingot, and the upsetting speed is 5 mm / s. The second upsetting passes reduce the length by 20% of the original length of the ingot, and the upsetting speed is 4 mm / s.
[0012] Preferably, the unidirectional upsetting includes three upsetting passes. The first upsetting pass reduces the length of the ingot by 15% of its original length at a speed of 3 mm / s. The second upsetting pass reduces the length of the ingot by 17% of its original length at a speed of 4 mm / s. The third upsetting pass reduces the length of the ingot by 18% of its original length at a speed of 5 mm / s.
[0013] Preferably, the thickness-direction elongation of the present invention comprises 7 to 9 elongation passes, and the reduction amount of each elongation pass is 15% to 25% of the total reduction amount of the thickness-direction elongation.
[0014] Preferably, the width-direction elongation includes 2 to 3 elongation passes, and the reduction amount of each elongation pass is 25% to 40% of the total reduction amount of the width-direction elongation.
[0015] Preferably, after the width direction elongation is completed, the temperature of the 7085 aluminum alloy long and wide plate is not lower than 360°C.
[0016] Preferably, the thickness of the 7085 aluminum alloy ingot is 450-550 mm.
[0017] Preferably, the 7085 aluminum alloy ingot is further heated before unidirectional upsetting.
[0018] Preferably, the heating temperature is 380℃~420℃; more preferably 390℃~410℃; and even more preferably 400℃.
[0019] Preferably, the heating and heat preservation time is not less than 350 minutes.
[0020] Preferably, the unidirectional upsetting and bidirectional elongation of the present invention further include heat treatment;
[0021] Preferably, the heat treatment method is solution quenching and artificial aging.
[0022] Preferably, the solution quenching temperature is 470℃~480℃; more preferably, it is 475℃. Preferably, the solution quenching holding time is 3~6h; more preferably, it is 6h.
[0023] Preferably, the artificial aging process of the present invention involves holding the cold-deformed 7085 aluminum alloy ingot at a temperature of 115°C to 123°C for 4 to 8 hours, and then raising the temperature to 155°C to 160°C and holding it for 10 to 16 hours; more preferably, the cold-deformed 7085 aluminum alloy ingot is held at 120°C for 6 hours, and then raised to 157°C and held for 14 hours.
[0024] The aforementioned unidirectional upsetting refers to unidirectional (length direction) upsetting performed by deformation pressing, while bidirectional elongation refers to multi-pass elongation in both directions (thickness direction and width direction).
[0025] Preferably, the thickness of the 7085 aluminum alloy ingot is 450-550 mm.
[0026] The preferred method for preparing the 7085 aluminum alloy long and wide plate of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:
[0027] S1: Use 7085 aluminum alloy ingots with a thickness of 450-550mm, a width of 1200-1400mm, and a length of 1200-1500mm. Heat the ingots to 380℃-420℃ and hold them for no less than 350 minutes.
[0028] S2: Upsetting the ingot by unidirectional large deformation in the length direction means that the ingot is upset by 45% to 50% of its original length in the length direction, including 2 to 3 upsetting passes. The upsetting amount of each pass is 15% to 25% of the original length of the ingot, and the upsetting speed of each pass is not greater than 5 mm / s.
[0029] S3: The billet after upsetting is drawn out from the original thickness direction of the ingot and pressed down to 20% to 25% of the original length of the ingot. This includes 7 to 9 drawing passes. The pressing down amount of each drawing pass is 10% to 20% of the total pressing down amount of the drawing in the thickness direction. The drawing feed is 120 to 150 mm.
[0030] S4: After the billet is drawn out in the thickness direction, it is drawn out in the width direction and pressed down to 12% to 14% of the original length of the ingot. This includes 2 to 3 drawing passes. The pressing down amount of each drawing pass is 25% to 40% of the total pressing down amount of the width direction drawing, and the drawing feed is 100 to 120 mm.
[0031] S5: The temperature of the long and wide plate must be measured immediately after forging and not be lower than 360℃;
[0032] S6: The long and wide plate obtained by forging is subjected to heat treatment, and the heat treatment method is solution quenching and artificial aging; the solution quenching temperature is 470~480℃, and the solution holding time is 3~6h;
[0033] S7: Artificial aging of the sheet metal is carried out at an aging temperature of 115℃~123℃ for 4~8 hours, followed by heating to 155℃~160℃ for 10~16 hours. The final product is a 7085 aluminum alloy large length and width sheet metal with a length and width greater than 2000mm and a length and width to thickness ratio greater than 10.
[0034] The present invention also provides a plate for aerospace equipment structure, which is prepared by processing a 7085 aluminum alloy large length and width plate obtained by the above-mentioned preparation method of the 7085 aluminum alloy large length and width plate.
[0035] Compared with the prior art, the method for preparing 7085 aluminum alloy large length and width plates provided by the present invention includes sequentially performing unidirectional upsetting and bidirectional drawing on 7085 aluminum alloy ingots. The unidirectional upsetting involves upsetting and reducing the length of the 7085 aluminum alloy ingot by 45% to 50% of its original length. The bidirectional drawing involves first drawing the unidirectionally upset 7085 aluminum alloy ingot in 7 to 9 passes along the thickness direction, then reducing it in the length direction to 20% to 25% of the original length of the 7085 aluminum alloy ingot, and then drawing it in 2 to 3 passes along the width direction, reducing it in the length direction to 12% to 14% of the original length of the 7085 aluminum alloy ingot. The preparation method described herein controls parameters such as the upsetting and drawing reduction, deformation distribution per pass, and reduction speed in the forging process to transfer strain from the center of the ingot to the surface, achieving uniform strain distribution. This results in 7085 aluminum alloy large-length and wide plates with fine and uniform grain structure from the surface to the center, and mechanical properties such as tensile strength and fracture toughness that are superior to conventional plates. The 7085 aluminum alloy large-length and wide plates prepared by this method have a length and width greater than 2000 mm, and the length and width to thickness ratios are both greater than 10, making them suitable for processing and manufacturing large-scale components for aerospace equipment. Attached Figure Description
[0036] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of the upsetting and drawing process in Example 1;
[0037] Figure 2 The grain structure of the surface layer (a) and center (b) of the 7085 aluminum alloy large length and width plate prepared in Example 1;
[0038] Figure 3 The grain structure of the surface (a) and center (b) of the 7085 aluminum alloy large length and width plate prepared in Comparative Example 1;
[0039] Figure 4 The grain structure of the surface (a) and center (b) of the 7085 aluminum alloy large-length and wide plate prepared for Comparative Example 2. Detailed Implementation
[0040] To further illustrate the present invention, the preparation method of the 7085 aluminum alloy long and wide plate provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.
[0041] The preparation method of the 7085 aluminum alloy long and wide plate mainly includes: ingot sawing → billet and mold heating → forging (unidirectional upsetting deformation and bidirectional drawing) → solution quenching → artificial aging.
[0042] Example 1
[0043] (1) Ingot sawing: Cut an ingot with a length of 1300mm × width of 1300mm × thickness of 550mm;
[0044] (2) Heating of billet and mold: The billet is heated to 400℃ and held for 350 minutes. The mold is heated to 400℃ and held for 350 minutes.
[0045] (3) Forging: The billet is forged using a 10,000-ton press, employing a forging method that combines unidirectional large deformation upsetting and bidirectional multi-pass drawing, specifically:
[0046] 1) Unidirectional pier construction
[0047] S1: The ingot is first upsetting in the length direction, with an upsetting reduction of 25% of the original length of the ingot, specifically 325mm, and an upsetting reduction speed of 5mm / s. Then, the ingot is shaped in the width and thickness directions.
[0048] S2: The ingot that was first uprooted is then uprooted a second time. The uprooting reduction is 20% of the original length of the ingot, specifically 260mm, and the uprooting reduction speed is 4mm / s. Then, the ingot is shaped in the width and thickness directions to obtain a billet with a length dimension of 715mm.
[0049] The total reduction amount of the first and second upsetting is 45% of the original length of the ingot.
[0050] 2) Bidirectional elongation
[0051] S1: The billet after upsetting is drawn out along the original ingot thickness direction and pressed down along the original ingot length direction to 20% of the original ingot length. The drawing feed is 150mm. The drawing out along the ingot thickness direction includes 8 drawing passes. The pressing down amount of each drawing pass is 12.5% of the total pressing down amount of the drawing out along the thickness direction. The pressing down speed is 4mm / s.
[0052] S2: The billet, after being lengthened, is then lengthened in the width direction. The length of the original ingot is reduced to 14% of its original length, with a feed rate of 110mm. The width lengthening consists of two passes, each with a reduction of 50% of the total width lengthening reduction at a speed of 4mm / s. Finishing is then performed to obtain a large-format plate with a thickness (original ingot length) of 182mm, a length (original ingot width) of 2375.4mm, and a width (original ingot thickness) of 2150mm. The length and width-to-thickness ratios are both greater than 10. The temperature of the large-format plate was measured immediately after forging at 370℃.
[0053] (4) Solution quenching and artificial aging
[0054] The prepared long and wide plate was subjected to heat treatment, which included solution quenching and artificial aging. The solution quenching temperature was 475℃ and the solution holding time was 6h. The artificial aging process involved holding the aluminum alloy plate at 120℃ for 6h and then raising the temperature to 157℃ and holding it for 14h. Finally, the 7085 aluminum alloy long and wide plate was prepared.
[0055] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the forging (unidirectional upsetting deformation and bidirectional drawing) process in Example 1.
[0056] Figure 2 The images show the grain structure of the surface (a) and center (b) of the 7085 aluminum alloy large-length and wide plate prepared in Example 1, indicating that the grain structure of the 7085 aluminum alloy large-length and wide plate is uniform.
[0057] Example 2
[0058] (1) Ingot sawing: Cut ingots with a length of 1500mm × width of 1300mm × thickness of 450mm;
[0059] (2) Heating of billet and mold: The billet is heated to 400℃ and held for 350 minutes. The mold is heated to 400℃ and held for 350 minutes.
[0060] (3) Forging: The billet is forged using a 10,000-ton press, employing a forging method that combines unidirectional large deformation upsetting and bidirectional multi-pass drawing, specifically:
[0061] 1) Unidirectional pier construction
[0062] S1: The ingot is first upsetting in the length direction, with an upsetting reduction of 15% of the original length of the ingot, specifically 225mm, and an upsetting reduction speed of 3mm / s. Then, the ingot is shaped in the width and thickness directions.
[0063] S2: The ingot that was first uprooted is then uprooted a second time. The uprooting reduction is 17% of the original length of the ingot, specifically 225mm. The uprooting reduction speed is 4mm / s. Then, the ingot is shaped in both the width and thickness directions.
[0064] S2: The ingot that has been uprooted for the second time is uprooted for the third time. The uprooting reduction is 18% of the original length of the ingot, specifically 270mm. The uprooting reduction speed is 5mm / s. Then, the ingot is shaped in the width and thickness directions to obtain a billet with a length dimension of 750mm.
[0065] The total reduction of the first, second, and third upsetting operations is 50% of the original length of the ingot.
[0066] 2) Bidirectional elongation
[0067] S1: The billet after upsetting is drawn out along the original ingot thickness direction and pressed down along the original ingot length direction to 22% of the original ingot length. The drawing feed is 150mm. The drawing out along the ingot thickness direction includes 8 drawing passes. The pressing down amount of each drawing pass is 20.5% of the total pressing down amount of the drawing out along the thickness direction. The pressing down speed is 4mm / s.
[0068] S2: The billet, after being lengthened, is then lengthened in the width direction. The length of the original ingot is reduced to 13% of its original length, with a lengthening feed of 110mm. The width lengthening consists of three passes, each with a reduction of 33.3% of the total width lengthening reduction at a speed of 5mm / s. Finishing is then performed to obtain a large-format plate with a thickness (original ingot length) of 195mm, a length (original ingot width) of 2142mm, and a width (original ingot thickness) of 2100mm. The length and width-to-thickness ratios are both greater than 10. The temperature of the large-format plate was measured immediately after forging at 365℃.
[0069] (4) Solution quenching and artificial aging
[0070] The prepared long and wide plate was subjected to heat treatment, which included solution quenching and artificial aging. The solution quenching temperature was 475℃ and the solution holding time was 6h. The artificial aging process involved holding the aluminum alloy plate at 120℃ for 6h and then raising the temperature to 157℃ and holding it for 14h. Finally, the 7085 aluminum alloy long and wide plate was prepared.
[0071] Comparative Example 1
[0072] (1) Ingot sawing: Cut ingots with a length of 1300mm × width of 1300mm × thickness of 500mm;
[0073] (2) Heating of billet and mold: The billet is heated to 420℃ and held for 350 minutes. The mold is heated to 400℃ and held for 350 minutes.
[0074] (3) Rolling: The preparation of long and wide plates using conventional rolling methods, specifically:
[0075] S1: The billet is rolled in the width direction. After 16 rolling passes, the reduction in each pass is 12.5 mm, resulting in a plate with a thickness of 300 mm.
[0076] S2: The billet is rolled along its length in 10 passes, with a reduction of approximately 11 mm per pass, resulting in a large, long, and wide plate with a thickness (in the original ingot thickness direction) of 190 mm, a length (in the original ingot length direction) of 2228 mm, and a width (in the original ingot width direction) of 2050 mm. The length and width-to-thickness ratios are both greater than 10. The temperature of the large, long, and wide plate was measured immediately after forging, at 380℃.
[0077] (4) Solution quenching and artificial aging
[0078] The prepared long and wide plate was subjected to heat treatment, which was solution quenching and artificial aging. The solution quenching temperature was 475℃ and the solution holding time was 6h. The artificial aging was specifically carried out by holding the aluminum alloy plate at 120℃ for 6h and then raising the temperature to 157℃ and holding it for 14h.
[0079] Figure 3 The grain structure diagrams of the surface (a) and center (b) of the 7085 aluminum alloy large long and wide plate prepared by conventional rolling in Comparative Example 1 show that the grain structure of the center and surface of the 7085 aluminum alloy large long and wide plate prepared by conventional rolling is not uniform.
[0080] Comparative Example 2
[0081] (1) Ingot sawing: Cut ingots with a length of 1300mm × width of 1300mm × thickness of 500mm;
[0082] (2) Heating of billet and mold: The billet is heated to 400℃ and held for 350 minutes. The mold is heated to 400℃ and held for 350 minutes.
[0083] (3) Forging: The billet is forged using a 10,000-ton press, employing a forging method combining unidirectional large deformation upsetting and bidirectional multi-pass drawing, specifically:
[0084] 1) Unidirectional pier construction
[0085] S1: The ingot is uplifted once in the length direction. The uplifting reduction is 40% of the original length of the ingot, specifically 520mm. The uplifting reduction speed is 8mm / s. Then, the ingot is shaped in the width and thickness directions to obtain a billet with a length dimension of 780mm.
[0086] 2) Bidirectional elongation
[0087] S1: The billet after upsetting is drawn out from the original ingot thickness direction and pressed down to 35% of the original length of the ingot in the ingot length direction. The drawing out in the ingot thickness direction includes 4 drawing out passes. The amount of each drawing out and pressing down is 25% of the total drawing out and pressing down in the thickness direction. The drawing out feed is 200mm.
[0088] S2: The billet after being drawn out in the thickness direction is drawn out in the width direction and pressed down to 20% of the original length of the ingot in the length direction. The ingot width direction drawing out includes 3 drawing out, and the pressing amount of each drawing out is 33% of the total pressing amount of the width direction drawing out. The drawing out feed is 150mm.
[0089] S3: The billet after the second drawing is drawn again in the thickness direction (third drawing). It is pressed down in the length direction of the ingot to 14% of the original length of the ingot. The drawing in the thickness direction of the ingot includes two drawing passes. The pressing amount of each drawing pass is 50% of the total pressing amount of the width direction drawing pass. The drawing feed is 150mm, and a plate with a thickness of 182mm is obtained.
[0090] (4) Solution quenching and artificial aging
[0091] The prepared long and wide plate was subjected to heat treatment, which was solution quenching and artificial aging. The solution quenching temperature was 475℃ and the solution holding time was 6h. The artificial aging was specifically carried out by holding the aluminum alloy plate at 120℃ for 6h and then raising the temperature to 157℃ and holding it for 14h.
[0092] Figure 4 For Comparative Example 2, the grain structure diagrams of the surface (a) and center (b) of a 7085 aluminum alloy large length and width plate prepared by a combination of unidirectional large deformation pressing upsetting and bidirectional elongation under different parameters are shown.
[0093] By comparing Example 1 ( Figure 2 ) and Comparative Example 1 ( Figure 3 Comparative Example 2 Figure 4 The grain structure diagram of the 7085 aluminum alloy large length and width plate prepared by the method of preparation is shown in the figure.
[0094] Comparative Example 1 shows a significant difference in grain structure between the surface and center of the 7085 aluminum alloy large-length and wide plate prepared by conventional rolling method. The average grain size on the surface is 150 μm, while the average grain size at the center is 350 μm.
[0095] Comparative Example 2 employed unidirectional upsetting and bidirectional drawing methods with different parameters. The first unidirectional upsetting involved a larger upsetting deformation, reducing the ingot to 40% of its original length, resulting in uneven grain flow in the 7085 aluminum alloy upsetting billet. The subsequent drawing process used a larger feed rate and a larger drawing reduction, while the third drawing further exacerbated the uneven metal flow, creating significant microstructural differences between high-strain and low-strain regions. This resulted in areas with weak mechanical properties, leading to a decrease in the average performance. Ultimately, the resulting 7085 aluminum alloy long and wide plates exhibited significant grain inhomogeneity at different locations, with some areas showing elongated grains and others ellipsoidal grains. This microstructural variation largely affected the uniformity of tensile properties, fracture toughness, and stress corrosion resistance.
[0096] In Example 1, a preparation method combining unidirectional large deformation upsetting and bidirectional multi-pass drawing under certain parameters was used to prepare a 7085 aluminum alloy long and wide plate. The average grain size at different locations was 100 μm, achieving the effect of averaging the microstructure and obtaining uniform microstructure characteristics. This also ensured the uniformity of the overall plate's performance at different locations.
[0097] The mechanical properties of the 7085 aluminum alloy long and wide plates prepared in Examples 1, 2, 1, and 2 were tested, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
[0098] The results in Table 1 show that the mechanical properties of 7085 aluminum alloy long and wide plates prepared by the preparation method of combining unidirectional large deformation upsetting and bidirectional multi-pass drawing under certain parameters described in this invention, including tensile properties, fracture toughness, and uniformity in the three test directions, are significantly better than those of conventional rolling and the preparation method of combining unidirectional large deformation upsetting and bidirectional drawing under different parameters.
[0099] Table 1 Mechanical test data of 7085 aluminum alloy long and wide plates
[0100]
[0101]
[0102] The above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a 7085 aluminum alloy long and wide plate, characterized in that, This includes sequentially performing unidirectional upsetting and bidirectional drawing on 7085 aluminum alloy ingots; The unidirectional upsetting refers to the upsetting reduction along the length of the 7085 aluminum alloy ingot being 45% to 50% of the original length. The unidirectional upsetting includes 2 to 3 upsetting passes, with each upsetting pass having a reduction of 15% to 25% of the original length of the ingot, and the reduction speed of each upsetting pass not exceeding 5 mm / s. The two-way elongation involves first elongating the 7085 aluminum alloy ingot after unidirectional upsetting along the thickness direction, then pressing it down in the length direction to 20%~25% of the original length of the 7085 aluminum alloy ingot, and then elongating it along the width direction, pressing it down in the length direction to 12%~14% of the original length of the 7085 aluminum alloy ingot; The length and width of the 7085 aluminum alloy large-length and wide plate are both greater than 2000 mm, and the ratio of length and width to thickness is greater than 10. The unidirectional upsetting and bidirectional elongation processes also include heat treatment. The heat treatment method is solution quenching and artificial aging; The artificial aging process involves holding the 7085 aluminum alloy long and wide plates at 115ºC~123ºC for 4~8 hours, then raising the temperature to 155ºC~160ºC and holding them for 10~16 hours.
2. The method for preparing 7085 aluminum alloy long and wide plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness-direction elongation includes 7 to 9 elongation passes, and the reduction amount of each elongation pass is 10% to 20% of the total thickness-direction elongation reduction.
3. The method for preparing 7085 aluminum alloy long and wide plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width-direction elongation includes 2 to 3 elongation passes, with each pass reducing the amount of material pressed down by 25% to 40% of the total width-direction elongation reduction. After the width direction is elongated, the temperature of the 7085 aluminum alloy long and wide plate is not lower than 360℃.
4. The method for preparing 7085 aluminum alloy long and wide plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the 7085 aluminum alloy ingot is 450~550 mm.
5. The method for preparing 7085 aluminum alloy long and wide plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The 7085 aluminum alloy ingot is further heated before unidirectional upsetting. The heating temperature is 380℃~420℃, and the holding time is not less than 350 min.
6. The method for preparing 7085 aluminum alloy long and wide plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solution quenching temperature is 470℃~480℃, and the holding time is 3~6 h.
7. A plate component for aerospace equipment structure, characterized in that, The 7085 aluminum alloy large length and width plate prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 6 is processed to obtain the 7085 aluminum alloy large length and width plate.