A water surface photovoltaic device and method of use thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to a surface photovoltaic device and its usage method, comprising: a first floating photovoltaic module, a second floating photovoltaic module, a first fixed pulley group, a first floating component, a movable pulley group, a second fixed pulley group, and a traction component. By pre-calculating the ratio of the number of turns of the traction component in the first and second sections, the surface photovoltaic device can be kept centered in the reservoir basin as the second floating photovoltaic module rises or falls to any water level, avoiding collisions. Therefore, the surface photovoltaic device of this invention has a wide range of applications, and the adjustment process does not consume energy. It can adapt to changes in the surface area and water level of the reservoir basin, make full use of the water surface, and significantly reduce water evaporation loss by reducing solar radiation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, specifically to a water-based photovoltaic device and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Floating photovoltaic (PV) power stations refer to PV power stations built on water bodies such as ponds, canyons, reservoirs, and lakes. With the continuous maturation of floating technology, the emergence of new materials, technologies, and processes, and the continuous reduction in construction costs, floating PV equipment has become a new hotspot in the field of PV power generation technology in recent years, with installed capacity showing rapid growth.

[0003] However, current floating photovoltaic equipment is generally installed in open waters. Taking the reservoir basin of a pumped storage hydropower station as an example, the water level rises and falls frequently, resulting in changes in the water surface area of ​​the reservoir basin. How to enable the floating photovoltaic equipment to adapt to the changes in the water surface area of ​​the reservoir basin and the large and frequent rises and falls in water level, and to make full use of the water surface of the reservoir basin, has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing surface photovoltaic devices that cannot adapt to changes in the surface area and large, frequent rises and falls in water level in reservoirs and basins. This invention provides a surface photovoltaic device that can adapt to changes in the surface area and water level of reservoirs and basins, and can fully utilize the water surface. Because photovoltaic panels cover the surface of the reservoir, evaporation losses are significantly reduced. This will undoubtedly further enhance the efficiency of water resource utilization for projects with water shortages, such as pumped storage power stations, water supply reservoirs, and water conservancy projects.

[0005] To address the above problems, the present invention provides a surface photovoltaic device, comprising:

[0006] The first floating photovoltaic module and the second floating photovoltaic module are defined as having two opposite edges, namely the first edge and the second edge. The first edge of the first floating photovoltaic module is hinged to the second floating photovoltaic module, and the second edge is adapted to be hinged to the inclined surface of the reservoir. The first floating photovoltaic module is adapted to extend and retract along the direction from the first edge to the second edge, and the second floating photovoltaic module is adapted to be placed on the water surface in the reservoir.

[0007] The rate of increase adjustment system includes:

[0008] A guide rail, which is suitable for being laid on the inclined surface of the basin and extends along the inclined direction of the inclined surface; a first fixed pulley block, which is fixedly installed on the guide rail;

[0009] The first floating component is suitable for being placed inside the reservoir basin and moves up and down with the water level inside the reservoir basin; the movable pulley group is fixedly installed on the first floating component and slidably connected to the guide rail.

[0010] The second fixed pulley group is fixedly connected to the edge of the second floating photovoltaic module;

[0011] A rotating source is fixedly mounted on the inclined surface of the storage basin, and a drum is provided on the drive end of the rotating source.

[0012] The traction component has its first end wound around the drum of the rotating source, and its middle part sequentially passes back and forth over the first fixed pulley group, the movable pulley group, and the second fixed pulley group. The second end of the traction component is fixed to the movable pulley group or the second fixed pulley group.

[0013] In one alternative embodiment, the first floating photovoltaic module includes a first solar power generation unit consisting of a first pontoon and first photovoltaic panels laid on the first pontoon; and / or,

[0014] The second floating photovoltaic module includes a second solar power generation unit consisting of a second pontoon and second photovoltaic panels laid on the second pontoon.

[0015] In one alternative implementation, the first floating photovoltaic module includes a plurality of first solar power generation units, and the second floating photovoltaic module includes a plurality of second solar power generation units.

[0016] In one alternative embodiment, a plurality of first solar power generation units are arranged sequentially along the direction from the first edge to the second edge and hinged to each other, and one or more sets of expansion joints are connected between the first solar power generation units.

[0017] In one alternative implementation, one or more sets of expansion joints are located above the highest water level in the reservoir basin.

[0018] In one alternative implementation, the first floating photovoltaic module and the second floating photovoltaic module are rectangular, circular, or irregular in shape.

[0019] In one alternative embodiment, at least one row of ladders is provided on each side of the first photovoltaic panel on the first pontoon. The tread of each row of ladders has a different angle with the axis of the pontoon. On the expansion joint that is hinged to each first pontoon, a ladder with the same angle as the tread of the ladder of that first pontoon is also provided.

[0020] In one alternative embodiment, a first angle is formed between the surface of the first photovoltaic panel and the first pontoon; a second angle is formed between the surface of the second photovoltaic panel and the second pontoon.

[0021] In one alternative implementation, the first included angle is defined as Θ1, where 3‰≤Θ1≤10%.

[0022] Define the second included angle as Θ2, where 3‰≤Θ2≤10%.

[0023] In one alternative embodiment, the first fixed pulley group is fixedly installed at the upper end of the guide rail, and anchor points and supports are provided on the inclined surface of the reservoir. The guide rail is fixed to the inclined surface of the reservoir through the anchor points and supports.

[0024] In one alternative embodiment, the water-surface photovoltaic device further includes a tensioning mechanism adapted to be mounted on a support, with the first end of the traction member connected to the tensioning mechanism.

[0025] In one alternative implementation, the tensioning mechanism includes:

[0026] The safety gear is fixedly mounted on the drum.

[0027] A ratchet, mounted on a bracket and engaged with a safety gear, is adapted to engage with the safety gear when the safety gear moves in the direction of releasing the traction member.

[0028] In one alternative embodiment, the water surface photovoltaic device further includes a spray mechanism adapted to spray water onto the first floating photovoltaic module and the second floating photovoltaic module.

[0029] In one alternative embodiment, the spraying mechanism includes:

[0030] A water tank, which is suitable for being installed near the highest water level on the sloping surface of the reservoir basin, has an inlet formed on it;

[0031] A one-way valve is installed at the inlet of the water tank and allows water to flow into the tank.

[0032] Water pipes are connected to the water tank and extend to the first and second floating photovoltaic modules;

[0033] A water valve is installed on a water pipe and is suitable for blocking or opening the water pipe.

[0034] The first spray head is located on the first floating photovoltaic module and is connected to the water pipe, and the second spray head is located on the second floating photovoltaic module and is connected to the water pipe.

[0035] The control module, which communicates with the water valve, is suitable for controlling the water valve to open during non-working hours at night when the water level in the reservoir is lower than the preset water level.

[0036] In one alternative implementation, first floating photovoltaic modules are arranged on each inclined surface of the reservoir.

[0037] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of using the water surface photovoltaic device of the first aspect of the present invention, comprising:

[0038] Step S1: Based on the slope, length, and distance between each inclined surface of the reservoir, determine the ratio coefficient of the number of windings of the first and second segments of the traction component corresponding to each inclined surface, the area, shape, number of segments, and segment length of the first and second floating photovoltaic modules, the number of segments of the expansion joint, and the segment length of each expansion joint.

[0039] Step S2: When the reservoir basin is at its lowest water level or in a dry state, construct the anchor points, supports, guide rails, and water tanks.

[0040] Step S3: Install the second floating photovoltaic module, including: installing it when the reservoir is at its highest water level, using hoisting equipment to lift the second solar power generation unit of the second floating photovoltaic module onto the water surface, and after completing the assembly, moving it to the center of the reservoir and temporarily fixing it to the anchor point on the inclined surface of the reservoir.

[0041] Step S4: Install the first floating photovoltaic module, including: using a segmented installation method, installing the first floating photovoltaic module on this side of the inclined surface of the reservoir in a bottom-up order. Because it is at the highest water level, some of the first floating photovoltaic modules slide into the water and float. While adjusting the position of the second floating photovoltaic module, the hinge point of the first edge of the first floating photovoltaic module is hinged and fixed to the second floating photovoltaic module; the second edge of the uppermost first floating photovoltaic module 1 is hinged and fixed to the anchor point; then the first floating photovoltaic modules on other inclined surfaces are installed in the same way, and then each is hinged and fixed to the second floating photovoltaic module.

[0042] Step S5: Install the rise adjustment system: Install the first fixed pulley group, the movable pulley group, the first floating component and the second fixed pulley group in the order from bottom to top. After installing the tensioning device, thread the traction component through it and hinge the second fixed pulley group to the second floating photovoltaic module.

[0043] Step S6: Overall adjustment and debugging: Make overall adjustments to the device, then adjust the rise and fall of the reservoir water level, and debug and pre-run the photovoltaic equipment on the water surface;

[0044] Step S7: Adjust the tension of the traction components based on the operating status of the water surface photovoltaic equipment;

[0045] Step S8: Perform automatic cleaning of the photovoltaic panels according to the conditions and time set in the program.

[0046] In one optional implementation, the ratio coefficient & of the number of windings of the first segment and the second segment of the traction member corresponding to each inclined surface is determined, including: & = L1 / L2;

[0047] Where & represents the ratio of the number of roots in the first segment to the number of roots in the second segment of the traction component;

[0048] L1 is the length of the inclined surface of the basin;

[0049] L2 represents the difference in length between the water surface line at the toe of the slope and the center of the reservoir basin.

[0050] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0051] The water surface photovoltaic equipment in this embodiment mainly includes a first floating photovoltaic module, a second floating photovoltaic module, a first fixed pulley group, a movable pulley group, and a second fixed pulley group, as well as traction components that sequentially pass around the first fixed pulley group, the movable pulley group, and the second fixed pulley group. The portion of the traction component between the first fixed pulley group and the movable pulley group is defined as the first segment, and the portion between the movable pulley group and the second fixed pulley group is defined as the second segment. In principle, the two traction components are a single, continuous piece. The first and second segments are pre-calculated to determine the ratio of the number of times the traction component is wound between them, based on the ratio of the length of the reservoir's inclined surface to the difference in distance from the waterline at the toe of the slope to the center of the reservoir. That is, the ratio of the length of the reservoir's inclined surface to the difference in distance from the waterline at the toe of the slope to the center of the reservoir is equal to the ratio of the number of traction components in the first segment to the number of traction components in the second segment. In other words, the number of times the traction component is wound between the first and second segments on the same reservoir inclined surface is generally different, and the ratio coefficient '' is also generally different for different inclined surfaces.

[0052] The length of the reservoir basin's inclined surface refers to the length of the inclined surface between the highest and lowest water levels. The difference in length from the slope toe waterline to the center of the reservoir basin refers to the difference in length between the highest and lowest water levels.

[0053] As the water level in the reservoir rises, the water surface area increases, allowing the second floating photovoltaic module to rise. The pulley system rises along with the first floating component as the water level rises, causing the length of the first section to shorten. Since the first and second sections are a single traction component, the extra traction component from the shortened first section is incorporated into the second section, thus increasing the length of the second section. Due to the existence of the aforementioned proportional relationship coefficient '&', each inclined surface of the reservoir has a different proportional relationship coefficient '&' due to its different slope. Through the automatic adjustment and coordination of the traction components on each inclined surface of the reservoir, the photovoltaic module on the water surface remains in the center of the reservoir, continuing to receive good sunlight. This design requires no energy; buoyancy alone enables the automatic adjustment of the traction components and automatic alignment with the photovoltaic module on the water surface.

[0054] As the water area within the reservoir increases, the second floating photovoltaic (PV) unit cannot cover the surrounding vacant water area. In this situation, the second floating PV module, while rising, allows the first floating PV module, which uses a multi-section PV panel hinged connection with one or more telescopic joints in the middle section, to accommodate the free expansion and contraction of the telescopic joints (which do not have PV panels on them and instead have a hollow, sealed structure with built-in springs, to also function as a buoy). The hollow, sealed structure is preferably made of a soft material, allowing it to automatically retract when external tension decreases and automatically extend when external tension increases, adapting to the length requirements of the first floating PV module under changing water levels. In this way, the PV panels of the first floating PV module, which are close to the second floating PV module, gradually change from an inclined state to a floating state, thus filling the vacant water area and fully utilizing the reservoir's surface.

[0055] As the water level in the reservoir decreases, the water area decreases, allowing the second floating photovoltaic module to descend accordingly. The movable pulley system descends together with the first floating component during the water level drop, thus lengthening the first segment. Since the first and second segments are a single traction component, the length of the traction component required for the first segment's lengthening is drawn from the second segment. The pulling force comes from the second floating photovoltaic module's application of the force to the second fixed pulley system, which is then transmitted to the traction component. Through the internal tension and sliding of the traction component, the length of the traction component between the first and second segments is adjusted internally between the first fixed pulley system, the movable pulley system, and the second fixed pulley system, causing the length of the second segment to shorten. Due to the existence of the aforementioned proportional relationship coefficient &, each inclined surface of the reservoir has a different proportional relationship coefficient & due to its different slope. Through the automatic adjustment and coordination of the traction components on each inclined surface of the reservoir, the second floating photovoltaic module can remain in the center of the reservoir under the traction of the traction component, thus avoiding collision between the second floating photovoltaic module and the reservoir wall due to the decrease in water area. Because the first floating photovoltaic module is a multi-section photovoltaic panel hinged connection with an expansion joint in the middle section, the photovoltaic panels of the first floating photovoltaic module, which were originally floating on the water surface and were close to the second floating photovoltaic module, gradually changed from a horizontal floating state to a state of being detached from the water surface and tilted on the inclined surface of the reservoir basin. This allows it to adapt to the shrinking water area at any time, thereby realizing automated, dynamic, and timely adjustment as the water level fluctuates.

[0056] In summary, the water surface photovoltaic equipment of this embodiment can overcome the shortcomings of existing water surface photovoltaic equipment that cannot adapt to changes in the water surface area and water level of the reservoir basin. It can adapt to changes in the water surface area and water level of the reservoir basin and make full use of the water surface of the reservoir basin.

[0057] The method of using the water surface photovoltaic equipment of the second aspect of the present invention includes or uses the water surface photovoltaic equipment of the first aspect of the present invention, and thus has its beneficial effects, namely: it can overcome the defects of existing water surface photovoltaic equipment that cannot adapt to changes in the water surface area and water level of the reservoir basin, and can adapt to changes in the water surface area and water level of the reservoir basin, and can make full use of the water surface of the reservoir basin. Attached Figure Description

[0058] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0059] Figure 1 This is a top view of a water surface photovoltaic device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 2 This is a side view of a water surface photovoltaic device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 3 This is an enlarged view of the guide rail of the water surface photovoltaic device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the guide rail of the water surface photovoltaic device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 5 This is an enlarged view of the tensioning mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 6 The expansion joint of the water surface photovoltaic equipment in this embodiment of the invention;

[0065] Figure 7 This is a front view of the first floating photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 8 This is a perspective view of the first floating photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 9 This is a front view of the second floating photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0068] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0069] 1. First floating photovoltaic module; 11. First pontoon; 111. First solar power generation unit; 12. First photovoltaic panel; 13. Expansion joint; 131. Float; 132. Spring; 133. Footrest groove; 14. Ladder; 2. Second floating photovoltaic module; 21. Second pontoon; 22. Second photovoltaic panel; 31. First fixed pulley block; 32. First floating component; 33. Movable pulley block; 34. Second fixed pulley block; 35. Traction component; 4. Guide rail; 51. Rotation source; 52. Drum; 53. Safety gear; 54. Ratchet; 55. Return spring; 61. Water tank; 62. Water pipe; 63. First spray head; 64. Second spray head; 65. Water inlet; 66. Water valve; 7. Anchor point; 8. Power supply control cabinet; 200. Basin. Detailed Implementation

[0070] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0071] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0072] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0073] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0074] Figure 1 This is a top view of a water surface photovoltaic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a side view of a water surface photovoltaic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is an enlarged view of the guide rail of the water surface photovoltaic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the water surface photovoltaic equipment of this embodiment mainly includes a first floating photovoltaic module 1, a second floating photovoltaic module 2, and a rise adjustment system 3. The rise adjustment system includes a guide rail 4, a first fixed pulley group 31, a first floating component 32, a movable pulley group 33, a second fixed pulley group 34, a rotation source 51, and a traction component 35.

[0075] In this design, both the first floating photovoltaic module 1 and the second floating photovoltaic module 2 are defined as photovoltaic modules arranged on a floating box. Each module consists of multiple sets of solar power generation units integrated into a whole. Both the first floating photovoltaic module 1 and the second floating photovoltaic module 2 can be selected in rectangular, circular, or various irregular shapes to better cover the water surface and achieve better results, depending on the shape of the reservoir 200 to be arranged. The first floating photovoltaic module 1 has two opposite edges, designated as the first edge and the second edge. The first edge of the first floating photovoltaic module 1 is hinged to the second floating photovoltaic module 2. The second edge is adapted to be hinged to the inclined surface of the reservoir 200. The first floating photovoltaic module 1 is adapted to extend and retract along the direction from the first edge to the second edge.

[0076] The second floating photovoltaic module 2 is suitable for placement on the water surface within the reservoir 200. A guide rail 4 is suitable for laying on the inclined surface of the reservoir 200 and extending along the inclined direction of the inclined surface. A first fixed pulley assembly 31 is fixedly mounted on the guide rail. A first floating element 32 is suitable for placement within the reservoir 200 and moves up and down with the water level within the reservoir 200. A movable pulley assembly 33 is fixedly mounted on the first floating element 32 and slidably connected to the guide rail 4 arranged on the inclined surface of the reservoir 200. A second fixed pulley assembly 34 is fixedly mounted on the second photovoltaic module or the second floating photovoltaic module 2. A rotation source 51 is fixedly mounted on the inclined surface of the reservoir 200, and the rotation source 51 is suitable for driving the drum to rotate. The first end of the traction member 35 is first wound around the drum of the rotation source 51, and the middle part of the traction member 35 then sequentially passes back and forth around the first fixed pulley assembly 31, the movable pulley assembly 33, and the second fixed pulley assembly 34. The second end of the traction member 35 is fixed to the movable pulley assembly 33 or the second fixed pulley assembly 34.

[0077] The water surface photovoltaic equipment in this embodiment mainly includes a first floating photovoltaic module 1, a second floating photovoltaic module 2, a first fixed pulley group 31, a movable pulley group 33, and a second fixed pulley group 34, as well as traction components 35 that sequentially pass around the first fixed pulley group 31, the movable pulley group 33, and the second fixed pulley group 34. The portion of the traction component 35 between the first fixed pulley group 31 and the movable pulley group 33 is defined as the first segment, and the portion between the movable pulley group 33 and the second fixed pulley group 34 is defined as the second segment. In principle, the two segments of the traction component 35 are a single piece. The first segment and the second segment are pre-calculated to determine the proportional relationship coefficient ε between the number of times the two traction components are wound. The calculation is based on the ratio of the length of the inclined surface of the reservoir 200 to the difference in distance from the water surface line at the toe of the slope to the center of the reservoir, that is, the ratio of the length of the inclined surface of the reservoir 200 to the difference in distance from the water surface line at the toe of the slope to the center of the reservoir is equal to the ratio of the number of traction components in the first segment to the number of traction components in the second segment. That is, the number of times the traction component is wound is generally different between the first and second sections of the 200-degree inclined surface of the same basin, and the proportional relationship coefficient '&' of different inclined surfaces is also generally different.

[0078] The length of the inclined surface of reservoir basin 200 refers to the length of the inclined surface of reservoir basin 200 between the highest and lowest water levels. The difference in length from the slope toe water surface line to the center of the reservoir basin refers to the difference in length from the slope toe water surface line to the center of the reservoir basin at the highest and lowest water levels.

[0079] As the water level in the reservoir 200 rises, the water surface area increases, allowing the second floating photovoltaic module 2 to rise. The movable pulley group 33 rises along with the first floating component 32 during this process, causing the length of the first section to shorten. Since the first and second sections are a single traction component 35, the extra traction component 35 from the shortened first section is incorporated into the second section, thus increasing the length of the second section. Due to the existence of the aforementioned proportional coefficient &, each inclined surface of the reservoir 200 has a different proportional coefficient & due to its varying slope. Through the automatic adjustment and coordination of the traction components 35 on each inclined surface of the reservoir 200, the photovoltaic module on the water surface remains in the center of the reservoir 200, continuing to receive good sunlight. This design requires no energy; buoyancy alone enables the automatic adjustment of the traction component and automatic alignment with the photovoltaic module on the water surface.

[0080] As the water area within the reservoir 200 increases, the second floating photovoltaic device cannot cover the surrounding vacant water area. At this point, the second floating photovoltaic module 2, while rising, allows the photovoltaic panels of the first floating photovoltaic module 1, which uses a hinged connection of multiple photovoltaic panels with one or more telescopic joints 13 in the middle section, to accommodate the free expansion and contraction of the telescopic joints 13. The telescopic joints 13 are hollow and sealed with built-in springs, and can also function as floats. The hollow and sealed structure is preferably made of a soft material, allowing it to automatically retract when the external tension decreases and automatically extend when the external tension increases, adapting to the length requirements of the first floating photovoltaic module 1 under changing water levels. In this way, the photovoltaic panels of the first floating photovoltaic module 1, which are close to the second floating photovoltaic module 2, gradually change from an inclined state to a floating state, thus filling the vacant water area and fully utilizing the water surface of the reservoir 200.

[0081] When the water level in the reservoir 200 drops, the water surface area in the reservoir 200 decreases, and the second floating photovoltaic module 2 can descend accordingly. The movable pulley group 33 descends together with the first floating component 32 during the water level drop, and the length of the first section is extended accordingly. Since the first and second sections are a single traction component 35, the length of the traction component 35 required for the first section to be extended is drawn from the second section. The pulling force comes from the pulling force applied by the second floating photovoltaic module 2 to the second fixed pulley group 34, which is transmitted to the traction component 35. Then, through the internal tension of the traction component 35, the first section and the second section are balanced and slid together, completing the transition between the two sections. The length of the traction component 35 between the two sections is adjusted internally between the first fixed pulley group 31, the movable pulley group 33, and the second fixed pulley group 34, causing the length of the second section to shorten. Because of the aforementioned proportional relationship coefficient &, each inclined surface of the reservoir 200 has a different proportional relationship coefficient & due to its different slope. Through the automatic adjustment and coordination of the traction components 35 on each inclined surface of the reservoir 200, the second floating photovoltaic module 2 can remain centered in the reservoir 200 under the traction of the traction component 35, thus avoiding collision between the second floating photovoltaic module 2 and the rock wall of the reservoir 200 due to the reduction in water area. Because the first floating photovoltaic module 1 uses a multi-section photovoltaic panel hinged connection with an expansion joint 13 in the middle section, the photovoltaic panels of the first floating photovoltaic module 1, which were originally floating on the water surface and close to the second floating photovoltaic module 2, gradually change from a horizontally floating state to a tilted state on the inclined surface of the reservoir 200, adapting to the shrinking water area. This achieves automated, dynamic, and timely adjustment as the water level fluctuates.

[0082] During the aforementioned movement, because the shapes of each reservoir 200 are different, and even within the same reservoir 200, the inclination angles of each side's inclined surface are different, the difference L between the length of the inclined surface above the water surface of one inclined surface and the length of the edge of the second floating photovoltaic module 2 relative to the inclined surface of the reservoir 200 at any water level will be different in most cases. Therefore, based on this difference L, expansion joints 13 of corresponding lengths need to be set between the hinge points of the first floating photovoltaic module 1. Similarly, even within the same reservoir 200 at the same water level, the length difference L of different inclined surfaces will be different, meaning the length of the expansion joints 13 on the first floating photovoltaic module 1 should also be set to different lengths. This is to address the issue of the remaining length of the first floating photovoltaic module 1 on the inclined surface being inconsistent with the slope length above the water surface after the floating photovoltaic panel below some hinge points transitions to a horizontal floating state at different water level rises and falls, through the expansion and contraction of the expansion joints 13. Therefore, in this invention, the first floating photovoltaic module 1 is configured to extend and retract along the direction from the first edge to the second edge. When the second floating photovoltaic module 2 moves on the water surface, the first floating photovoltaic module 1 itself can extend and retract to ensure that the water surface photovoltaic device can smoothly adjust its position and angle.

[0083] Since the reservoir basin 200 is often an inverted trapezoidal cross-section shape that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, when the water level in the reservoir basin 200 rises, although the length of the first section of the traction component is shorter, the length of the second section of the traction component 35 is longer because the inclined surface of the reservoir basin 200 is farther away from the center of the reservoir basin 200 as it goes up. Through the coordinated pulling of the traction member 35 with the first fixed pulley group 31, the movable pulley group 33, and the second fixed pulley group 34, the second fixed pulley group 34 can continue to be held in the central area of ​​the reservoir 200. The second section of the traction member 35 extends. Since the entire traction member 35 is made of a single traction member, the extra rope length in the first section of the traction member 35 is transferred to the second section of the traction member 35, forming a good complementarity and automatic adjustment. As long as the ratio of the number of turns in the first section and the second section of the traction member 35 is reasonably determined in the rope system design, the water surface photovoltaic equipment can be kept in the center of the reservoir 200 under various water level conditions. When the water level drops, part of the first floating photovoltaic module 1 is automatically retrieved to the inclined surface of the reservoir 200, and will not collide with the rock wall of the reservoir 200 due to the reduction of the water area. Therefore, the water surface photovoltaic equipment of the present invention can be applied to reservoirs 200 of different sizes and side inclination angles, with a wide range of applications. Moreover, the adjustment process does not consume energy, and the automatic adjustment of the traction member 35 and the automatic centering of the water surface photovoltaic equipment can be achieved solely through buoyancy.

[0084] In summary, the water surface photovoltaic equipment of this embodiment can overcome the shortcomings of existing water surface photovoltaic equipment that cannot adapt to changes in the water surface area and water level of the reservoir 200. It can adapt to changes in the water surface area and water level of the reservoir 200 and make full use of the water surface of the reservoir 200.

[0085] The first floating photovoltaic module 1 is preferably arranged on the inclined surface of the reservoir 200. In a preferred embodiment, the first floating photovoltaic module 1 is arranged on each inclined surface of the reservoir 200.

[0086] Each reservoir basin 200 may optionally be equipped with multiple sets of surface photovoltaic devices. For example, when the reservoir basin 200 is surrounded by multiple inclined surfaces, each inclined surface may optionally be connected to a set of first floating photovoltaic modules 1. The second floating photovoltaic modules 2 are preferably laid out according to the minimum water area during the rise and fall of the reservoir basin 200, to ensure that the second floating photovoltaic modules 2 of the surface photovoltaic devices do not collide with the rock wall of the reservoir basin 200 or interfere with each other during the rise and fall of the water level. The traction component 35 is preferably, but not limited to, a steel wire rope, chain, hemp rope, or nylon rope. For example, in this embodiment, the traction component 35 is a steel wire rope. The second fixed pulley group 34 is preferably connected to the edge of the second floating photovoltaic module 2 and offset from the first floating photovoltaic module 1 at a small angle from the vertical plane, to avoid interference between the first floating photovoltaic module 1 and the second fixed pulley group 34, the first floating component 32, the traction component 35, etc., when the first floating photovoltaic module 1 partially changes from an inclined state on the inclined surface to a horizontal floating state on the water surface as the water level changes.

[0087] In addition, the water surface photovoltaic equipment of this embodiment can be used in 200 types of non-open water areas such as valleys, caves, and mine pits, which greatly expands the application range of floating photovoltaic equipment and has a very wide range of application scenarios and prospects.

[0088] Preferably, before installing the water surface photovoltaic equipment, a point can be selected within the movement range of the movable pulley, and the proportional relationship coefficient between the first segment and the second segment can be calculated based on the angle of the inclined surface of the reservoir 200, the elevation of the location, and the distance 1 between the location and the center of the reservoir 200.

[0089] In this embodiment, as Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the first floating photovoltaic module 1 includes a first solar power generation group consisting of a first pontoon 11 and a first photovoltaic panel 12 laid on the first pontoon 11; and / or, the second floating photovoltaic module 2 includes a second solar power generation group consisting of a second pontoon 21 and a second photovoltaic panel 22 laid on the second pontoon 21.

[0090] The first pontoon 11 and the second pontoon 21 respectively support the first photovoltaic panel 12 and the second photovoltaic panel 22, while ensuring that the first photovoltaic panel 12 and the second photovoltaic panel 22 can rise and fall with the water level in the reservoir 200. Preferably, in this embodiment, as... Figure 9 As shown, the second floating photovoltaic module 2 also includes a power supply control cabinet 8 mounted on the second pontoon 21 and a passageway interspersed with the second photovoltaic panel 22. The power supply control cabinet 8 is used for the overall control of the surface photovoltaic equipment in this embodiment. The power supply control cabinet 8 can also be arranged on land or in other suitable locations as needed. The power supply control cabinet 8 contains a signal power supply device, a signal transceiver device, a signal processing device, a battery, and a display device. The passageway is used for operators to pass through when installing or maintaining the surface photovoltaic equipment.

[0091] Preferably, the first floating photovoltaic module 1 includes multiple first solar power generation units. The second floating photovoltaic module 2 includes a second solar power generation unit. To ensure that the first floating module can extend and retract along the direction from the first edge to the second edge, in this embodiment, multiple first solar power generation units 111 are arranged sequentially along the direction from the first edge to the second edge and hinged to each other, and one or more sets of expansion joints 13 are connected between the first solar power generation units 111. A set of expansion joints 13 is connected between two adjacent first solar power generation units 111. When the water level rises and falls, at different water level rise and fall heights, after the floating photovoltaic panel below part of the hinge point turns to a horizontal state floating on the water surface (when the water level rises) or turns from a horizontal state floating on the water surface to an inclined state on the inclined surface of the reservoir 200 (when the water level falls), if the remaining length of the first floating photovoltaic module 1 on the inclined surface is inconsistent with the actual length above the water surface of this inclined surface, the expansion joint 13 will automatically extend and retract to make adjustment. The extension force comes from the thrust of the second floating photovoltaic module 2 on the first floating photovoltaic module 1 generated by buoyancy.

[0092] The section lengths of different solar power units and expansion joints 13 can be the same or different.

[0093] In a preferred embodiment, the expansion joint 13 on the first floating photovoltaic module 1 is installed above the highest water level of the reservoir 200. This arrangement ensures that the expansion joint 13 remains on the slope of the reservoir 200 and does not become horizontal as the water level rises. This guarantees that the expansion joint 13 can automatically extend and retract according to the thrust of the second floating photovoltaic module 2 on the first floating photovoltaic module 1, adapting to the length requirements of the first floating photovoltaic module 1 under changing water levels. If the expansion joint 13 becomes horizontal as the water level rises, it will not only be unable to extend and retract to compensate for the length of the first floating photovoltaic module 1, but it will also occupy space on the water surface, reducing the light transmittance of the first solar power generation unit 111, and preventing it from covering the water surface and reducing evaporation.

[0094] In one embodiment, at least one row of ladders 14 is provided on each side of the first photovoltaic panel 12 on the first pontoon 11. The tread surface of each row of ladders 14 has a different angle with the axis of the pontoon. On the telescopic joint 13 that is hinged to each first pontoon 11, a ladder 14 with the same angle as the tread surface of the ladder 14 of that first pontoon 11 is also provided.

[0095] Preferably, in this embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the expansion joint 13 includes a retractable pontoon 131 and a spring 132 disposed within the pontoon 131, capable of extending and retracting in response to changes in water level and the tensile force on the second floating photovoltaic module 2. Preferably, the expansion joint 13 has a footrest groove 133, and the reservoir 200 has several inclined surfaces. Each inclined surface has one or more ladders mounted on the first floating photovoltaic module 1. The inclination angle between the tread surface of each ladder from top to bottom and the axis of the expansion joint 13 is the same, but the inclination angles between the tread surface of different ladders and the axis of the expansion joint 13 are set to be different for each other. This ensures that at least one ladder angle can meet the operator's passage requirements when the reservoir 200 is at different water levels. As an alternative implementation, the expansion joint 13 may be selected as including a first rod segment and a second rod segment that are slidably connected to each other.

[0096] The upper surfaces of the first photovoltaic panel 12 and the second photovoltaic panel 22 can be horizontal. Preferably, in this embodiment, a first angle is formed between the surface of the first photovoltaic panel 12 and the first floating box 11. A second angle is formed between the surface of the second photovoltaic panel 22 and the second floating box 21. This creates a guiding slope on the surfaces of the first photovoltaic panel 12 and the second photovoltaic panel 22. Rainwater and washing water can flow down along the guiding slope and will not stagnate on the first photovoltaic panel 12 and the second photovoltaic panel 22, thus affecting the power generation effect. Preferably, in this embodiment, the first photovoltaic panel 12 and the second photovoltaic panel 22 are respectively inclinedly arranged on the first floating box 11 and the second floating box 21, so that the upper surfaces of the first photovoltaic panel 12 and the second photovoltaic panel 22 form a guiding slope. In this case, ordinary photovoltaic panels can meet the usage requirements, which helps to reduce the cost of the water surface photovoltaic equipment.

[0097] The first included angle is defined as Θ1, where 3‰ ≤ Θ1 ≤ 10%. The second included angle is defined as Θ2, where 3‰ ≤ Θ2 ≤ 10%. These angle ranges are preferred ranges obtained through extensive experimentation, ensuring that rainwater and washing water can flow down the guide slope without reducing the solar radiation area of ​​the photovoltaic panels. In a more preferred embodiment, the angle of the guide slope is 4%. It should be noted that the above-mentioned angle range of the guide slope is only a preferred range and does not constitute a restrictive limitation on the tilt angle range of the first photovoltaic panel 12 and the second photovoltaic panel 22 in this scheme. Setting the angles of the first photovoltaic panel 12 and the second photovoltaic panel 22 to other angles for guide flow is also included within the protection scope of this scheme.

[0098] As an alternative implementation, the cross-sections of the first photovoltaic panel 12 and the second photovoltaic panel 22 can be set in a trapezoidal shape. In this case, the bottom surface of the photovoltaic panel only needs to be installed horizontally on the floating box, and the upper surface of the photovoltaic panel will naturally form an inclined surface, making the installation process simple and convenient. Preferably, in this embodiment, the first photovoltaic panel 12 and the second photovoltaic panel 22 are respectively inclinedly arranged on the first floating box 11 and the second floating box 21, so that the upper surfaces of the first photovoltaic panel 12 and the second photovoltaic panel 22 form a guiding slope. In this case, ordinary photovoltaic panels can meet the usage requirements, which helps to reduce the cost of water surface photovoltaic equipment.

[0099] In this embodiment, as Figure 6As shown, at least two rows of ladders 14 extending from the first side to the second side are also formed on the first floating box 11. The ladders 14 can be configured with variable or fixed angles. Preferably, in this embodiment, a row of ladders with fixed angles is provided on the first floating box 11 on both sides of the first photovoltaic panel 12. Therefore, the reservoir 200 has several inclined surfaces. When the reservoir 200 is at different water levels, the angle between the first floating photovoltaic module 1 and the second floating photovoltaic module 2 is different, and the angle of the ladders 14 themselves also changes accordingly. Since the inclination angle of each row of ladders 14 is different, different ladders 14 can be climbed by operators under different water levels. By reasonably setting and calculating the inclination angle of the ladders 14, it can be ensured that, without setting the angle of the ladders 14 to be variable, at least one ladder 14 is available when the reservoir 200 is at different water levels, which greatly reduces the cost of the water surface photovoltaic equipment.

[0100] In this embodiment, the surface photovoltaic equipment preferably also includes a guide rail 4 arranged along the inclined surface of the reservoir 200. A first fixed pulley assembly 31 is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the guide rail 4, and a movable pulley assembly 33 is adapted to slide along the guide rail 4. Specifically, the guide rail 4 may have a track groove extending along its length. The first fixed pulley assembly 31 is fixed to the upper part of the track groove by a pin, and the pin of the movable pulley assembly 33 passes through the track groove, allowing it to slide up and down along the track groove and connect with a first floating member 32. The first floating member 32 is preferably, but not limited to, a buoy. Preferably, an anchor point 7 is provided on the inclined surface of the reservoir 200, and the guide rail 4 is stably fixed to the inclined surface of the reservoir 200 through the anchor point 7 and the bracket.

[0101] The traction component 35 has a fixed length calculated in advance based on the proportional relationship coefficient of the inclined surface of the reservoir basin to be installed. However, during repeated traction and tensioning, the traction component 35 often elongates, posing a risk of inaccurate positioning of the photovoltaic equipment, collision with the rock wall of the reservoir basin 200, or collision between photovoltaic devices on the water surface. Preferably, in this embodiment, the photovoltaic device on the water surface also includes a tensioning mechanism suitable for installation on the inclined surface of the reservoir basin 200. The first end of the traction component 35 is connected to the tensioning mechanism. When the traction component 35 elongates, the tensioning mechanism can tension the traction component 35.

[0102] like Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the tensioning mechanism may include a rotation source 51 and a drum 52 driven by the rotation source 51. A traction member 35 is wound around the drum 52. Preferably, in this embodiment, the tensioning mechanism includes a rotation source 51, a drum 52, a safety gear 53, and a ratchet 54. The rotation source 51 is fixedly mounted on an inclined surface of the reservoir 200 or on an extension bracket at the upper end of the guide rail 4. The drum 52 is driven by the rotation source 51, and the traction member 35 is wound around the drum 52. The safety gear 53 is fixedly sleeved on the drum 52. The ratchet 54 is mounted on the bracket and meshes with the safety gear 53. When the safety gear 53 moves in the direction of releasing the traction member 35, the ratchet 54 is adapted to abut against the safety gear 53 to avoid slippage of the drum 52 during shaft rotation, thus preventing a safety risk. In a more preferred embodiment, a return spring 55 is connected between the ratchet 54 and the ratchet bracket. The return spring 55 is compressed when the safety gear 53 moves in the direction of the tensioning traction member 35, so that the safety gear 53 and ratchet 54 do not affect the movement of the drum 52 in the tensioning direction and can rotate synchronously with the drum 52. However, the return spring 55 is stretched when the safety gear 53 moves in the direction of the loosening traction member 35, so that the ratchet 54 will prevent the safety gear 53 and the drum 52 from rotating, avoiding the safety risk of the drum 52 slipping during the rotation of the shaft. The tensioning device also includes a reducer, which, together with the rotation source 51, forms a tensioning winch. The rotation source 51 can be a device capable of outputting rotation, such as a motor, engine, hydraulic motor, or a combination of one of these with a reducer.

[0103] Preferably, in this embodiment, the water surface photovoltaic equipment further includes a spraying mechanism suitable for spraying water onto the first floating photovoltaic module 1 and the second floating photovoltaic module 2. The spraying mechanism can periodically spray and clean the photovoltaic panels to avoid contaminants on the surface of the photovoltaic panels, which would reduce power generation efficiency.

[0104] The spraying mechanism may include a water pipe 62, and a first spray head 63 and a second spray head 64 respectively facing the first photovoltaic panel 12 and the second photovoltaic panel 22. Both the first spray head 63 and the second spray head 64 are connected to the outlet end of the water pipe 62. The spraying mechanism includes a water tank 61, a one-way valve, the water pipe 62, a water valve 66, the first spray head 63, the second spray head 64, and a control module. The water tank 61 is suitable for placement on the inclined surface of the basin 200, and an inlet 65 is formed on the water tank 61. A one-way valve is located at the inlet 65 of the water tank 61, allowing water to flow into the water tank 61 and preventing water from flowing out of the water tank 61. The water pipe 62 is connected to the water tank 61 and extends to the first floating photovoltaic module 1 and the second floating photovoltaic module 2. The water valve 66 is connected to the water pipe 62 and is suitable for blocking or opening the water pipe 62. A first spray head 63 and a second spray head 64 are located on the first floating photovoltaic module 1 and connected to a water pipe 62. The second spray head 64 is located on the second floating photovoltaic module 2 and connected to a water pipe 62. The control module is communicatively connected to a water valve 66 and is adapted to control the water valve 66 to open when the water level in the reservoir 200 is lower than a preset water level.

[0105] Therefore, when the water level in the reservoir 200 is high, the water can submerge the water tank 61. Water from the reservoir 200 enters the water tank 61 through a one-way valve, thus supplying water to the water tank 61. When the water level in the reservoir 200 drops below the preset water level at night, the control module can control the water valve 66 to open, allowing water from the water tank 61 to flow into the first spray head 63 and the second spray head 64, thereby spraying and washing the first photovoltaic panel 12 and the second photovoltaic panel 22. The water tank 61 is preferably located near the highest water level in the reservoir 200, and the preset water level is preferably set near the lowest water level in the reservoir 200, ensuring a large water pressure difference. The spray mechanism of this invention can convert the potential energy of water into water pressure, achieving automatic spraying and cleaning, resulting in good cleaning effect on the first photovoltaic panel 12 and the second photovoltaic panel 22. Cleaning is generally carried out during non-working hours at night near the lowest water level in the reservoir 200, and is automatically or manually controlled by the control system according to the program settings, relying on the time controller and water level controller.

[0106] The control module is preferably located in the main control cabinet. It controls the first spray head 63 and the second spray head 64 to clean the first floating photovoltaic module 1 and the second floating photovoltaic module 2 by controlling the water valve 66. The control module may include a programmable logic controller (PLC or CPU), a memory, and electronic components connected to the programmable logic controller, which are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0107] The water valve 66 can be selected as one, capable of simultaneously cutting off or connecting the first spray head 63 and the second spray head 64. Preferably, in this embodiment, the water pipe 62 includes a first branch pipe suitable for connecting to the first spray head 63 and a second branch pipe suitable for connecting to the second spray head 63, and each branch pipe is provided with a water valve 66, thereby enabling independent control of the first spray head 63 and the second spray head 64. The two water valves 66 are preferably, but not limited to, respectively installed on the first floating photovoltaic module 1 and the second floating photovoltaic module 2.

[0108] In addition, cleaning the first photovoltaic panel 12 and the second photovoltaic panel 22 at night can ensure that the first photovoltaic panel 12 and the second photovoltaic panel 22 are dry during the day and will not affect the normal power generation of the water surface photovoltaic equipment.

[0109] Each of the first spray head 63 and the second spray head 64 can be configured as one or more. Preferably, in this embodiment, the spray structure includes a plurality of first spray heads 63. A plurality of first spray heads 63 are arranged around each first photovoltaic panel 12. Water pipes 62 are sequentially connected to the plurality of first spray heads 63. The spray mechanism includes a plurality of second spray heads 64, and a plurality of second spray heads 64 are arranged around each second photovoltaic panel 22. Water pipes 62 are sequentially connected to the plurality of second spray heads 64. Arranging the spray heads around the photovoltaic panels effectively improves the cleaning effect of the spray heads on the photovoltaic panels.

[0110] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for using a surface photovoltaic device, comprising steps S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, and S8. Wherein...

[0111] Step S1: Based on the slope, length, and distance between each inclined surface of the basin 200, determine the ratio of the number of the first segment to the number of the second segment of the traction member 35 corresponding to each inclined surface, the area, shape, number of segments, and segment length of the first floating photovoltaic module 1 and the second floating photovoltaic module 2, the number of segments of the telescopic joint 13, and the segment length of each telescopic joint 13.

[0112] The number of sections in the first solar power generation unit refers to the number of first solar power generation units included in each first floating photovoltaic module 1. The number of sections in the second solar power generation unit refers to the number of second solar power generation units included in the second floating photovoltaic module. The total length of the sections refers to the length of the first solar power generation unit along the direction from the first edge to the second edge. The number of expansion joints along the direction from the first edge to the second edge is the number of expansion joint sections. The product of the length of each expansion joint section and the number of sections is the sum of the lengths of the expansion joints. The distance between each inclined surface includes the distance between two adjacent inclined surfaces of the reservoir basin.

[0113] The distance between two adjacent inclined surfaces is used to determine the width of the first floating photovoltaic module 1. The distance between two adjacent inclined surfaces can be referenced to the maximum distance between two adjacent inclined surfaces (i.e., the straight-line distance between opposite vertices). When the distance between two inclined surfaces is larger, the width of the first floating photovoltaic module can be set larger, and interference between adjacent first floating photovoltaic modules is less likely to occur.

[0114] The compensation distance for a single inclined surface is the difference between the first distance and the second distance.

[0115] The first distance is the distance between the boundary between the water surface and the inclined surface of the reservoir basin when the basin is at its highest water level and the nearest edge of the second floating photovoltaic module.

[0116] The second distance is the distance between the boundary between the water surface and the inclined surface of the reservoir when the reservoir is at its lowest water level and the nearest edge of the second floating photovoltaic module.

[0117] The number of sections, the length of each section, the number of sections, and the length of each expansion joint can be obtained by measuring the compensation distance and length of the inclined surface. Specifically:

[0118] When the reservoir is at its lowest water level, all the first solar power generation units in the first floating photovoltaic module are tilted and all the expansion joints are stretched.

[0119] When the reservoir basin 200 is at its highest water level, a portion of the first solar power generation unit 111 is horizontal. The sum of the lengths of the sections of this portion of the first solar power generation unit 111 (i.e., the sum of the lengths of the solar power generation units 111 below the highest water level of the reservoir basin 200) is approximately equal to the compensation length of the inclined surface. Those skilled in the art can determine the number of sections of this portion of the first solar power generation unit 111 based on experience and actual usage. The sum of the length of the remaining first solar power generation unit 111 and the length of the expansion joint 13 in its compressed state is the length of the first floating photovoltaic module 1 above the highest water level of the reservoir basin 200.

[0120] The length of the portion of the inclined surface of reservoir 200 between the highest and lowest water levels minus the length of the expansion joint 13 in its extended state is the sum of the lengths of the first solar power generation unit 111.

[0121] When the reservoir 200 is at its highest water level, the original length of the first floating photovoltaic module 1 is subtracted from the sum of the lengths of the first solar power generation group 111 in the horizontal state and the sum of the lengths of the expansion joints in the compressed state. This gives the remaining length of the first solar power generation group 111 in the tilted state. Based on the remaining length of the first solar power generation group 111 in the tilted state, those skilled in the art can select a reasonable number of the remaining first solar power generation group 111 sections, which is generally about 1-3 sections.

[0122] Based on the above-mentioned length relationships and their own experience, those skilled in the art can reasonably design parameters such as the number of sections of the first solar power generation unit and the section length of each section of the first solar power generation unit 111, the number of sections of the expansion joint 13 and the section length of the expansion joint 13.

[0123] The shape, area, number of sections, and section length of the first floating photovoltaic module 1 and the second floating photovoltaic module 2 are mainly selected based on the shape and area of ​​the reservoir 200, with the aim of covering the water surface as fully as possible.

[0124] Based on the slope and length of the inclined surface of the reservoir 200, the proportional relationship coefficient & of the number of windings of the traction component 35 corresponding to the inclined surface can be obtained: When the slope of the inclined surface of the reservoir 200 is different, the proportional relationship coefficient & is different, that is, the ratio of the length of the inclined surface of the reservoir 200 to the difference in length from the water surface line at the toe of the slope to the center of the reservoir 200 is equal to the ratio of the number of traction components 35 in the first section to the number of traction components 35 in the second section.

[0125] Step S2: When the reservoir 200 is at its lowest water level or in a dry state, construct the anchor point 7, support, guide rail 4 and water tank 61.

[0126] Step S3: Install the second floating photovoltaic module 2, including: when the reservoir is at its highest water level, hoist the second solar power generation unit of the second floating photovoltaic module 2 onto the water surface using hoisting equipment, and after completing the assembly, move it to the center of the reservoir 200 and temporarily fix it to the anchor point on the inclined surface of the reservoir.

[0127] Step S4: Install the first floating photovoltaic module 1, including: using a segmented installation method, installing the first floating photovoltaic module 1 on this inclined surface of the reservoir from bottom to top. Because it is at the highest water level, some of the first floating photovoltaic modules 1 slide into the water and float. While adjusting the position of the second floating photovoltaic module 2, the hinge point of the first edge of the first floating photovoltaic module 1 is hinged and fixed to the second floating photovoltaic module 2; the second edge of the uppermost first floating photovoltaic module 1 is hinged and fixed to the anchor point; then the first floating photovoltaic modules 1 on other inclined surfaces are installed in the same way, and then each one is hinged and fixed to the second floating photovoltaic module 2.

[0128] Step S5: Install the rise adjustment system: Install the first fixed pulley group 31, the movable pulley group 33, the first floating component 32, and the second fixed pulley group 34 in a bottom-up order. After installing the tensioning device, pass the traction component 35 through it and hinge the second fixed pulley group 34 to the second floating photovoltaic module 2.

[0129] Step S6: Overall adjustment and debugging: Perform overall adjustment of this patented device, then adjust the rise and fall of the reservoir water level, and debug and pre-run the photovoltaic equipment on the water surface.

[0130] Mechanical structural adjustments include modifying the length of the traction component and the ratio of the number of turns between the first and second sections of the traction component based on actual usage conditions. It also involves assessing the reliability of connections between various mechanisms and repairing any unreliable connections.

[0131] The commissioning of electrical control systems includes determining whether the spraying mechanism can spray the photovoltaic panels according to the predetermined program, and whether the photovoltaic panels can collect and convert electrical energy to meet the requirements.

[0132] The pre-operation mainly involves several cycles of debugging by raising and lowering the water level in the reservoir basin.

[0133] Step S7: Adjust the tension of the traction component 35 based on the operating status of the device.

[0134] This mainly includes: after the traction member 35 elongates, using a tensioning mechanism to tension the traction member 35. Preferably, in this embodiment, the tensioning mechanism is suitable for periodically adjusting the tension of the traction member. Periodic adjustment can refer to adjusting the tension when the elongation of the traction member exceeds a predetermined value, or the time interval for tension adjustment can be determined based on the operator's experience.

[0135] Step S8: Perform automatic cleaning of the photovoltaic panels according to the conditions and time set in the program, and make timely adjustments to ensure the best cleaning effect.

[0136] In one embodiment, automatic cleaning of photovoltaic panels according to pre-set conditions and time refers to controlling the spraying mechanism to spray the photovoltaic panels during the period when the water level in the reservoir is near its lowest level at night.

[0137] In one embodiment, the ratio coefficient of the number of windings of the first segment and the second segment of the traction member 35 corresponding to each inclined surface includes: &=L1 / L2;

[0138] Where, & is the coefficient of the winding ratio of the traction component (35);

[0139] L1 is the length of the inclined surface of the basin (200), in meters;

[0140] L2 represents the difference in length from the waterline at the toe of the slope to the center of the reservoir basin at 200 meters.

[0141] Wherein, the length of the inclined surface of reservoir 200 refers to the length of the inclined surface of reservoir 200 between the highest and lowest water levels. The difference in length from the slope toe waterline to the center of the reservoir refers to the difference in length from the slope toe waterline to the center of the reservoir at the highest and lowest water levels. In summary, the water surface photovoltaic equipment of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0142] (I) This patent is highly innovative. This patent breaks through traditional thinking and makes full use of the buoyancy of water to ingeniously realize the automatic adjustment of the position of the photovoltaic system and realize the automatic cleaning of the photovoltaic panels through the potential energy of water height difference. During the operation of the system, almost no other energy is needed. Not only is the system setting and configuration simpler, but it also achieves the effects of energy saving, convenience and reliability.

[0143] (II) This patent has strong versatility. Previous floating photovoltaic systems were generally limited to use in open water areas. This patent can be used in 200 types of non-open water areas such as valleys, caves, and mine pits, which greatly expands the scope of application of floating photovoltaic systems and has a very wide range of application scenarios and prospects.

[0144] (III) This patent has strong applicability. Because it is equipped with an automatically adjustable traction system, this patent can also be used in artificial or natural water areas with large water level fluctuations, making it very applicable.

[0145] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A water surface photovoltaic apparatus, characterized by, include: A first floating photovoltaic module (1) and a second floating photovoltaic module (2) are defined as follows: two opposite edges of the first floating photovoltaic module (1) are defined as the first edge and the second edge, the first edge of the first floating photovoltaic module (1) is hinged to the second floating photovoltaic module (2), the second edge is adapted to be hinged to the inclined surface of the reservoir (200), the first floating photovoltaic module (1) is adapted to extend and retract along the direction from the first edge to the second edge, and the second floating photovoltaic module (2) is adapted to be placed on the water surface in the reservoir (200); The price increase adjustment system (3) includes: A guide rail (4) is adapted to be laid on the inclined surface of the basin (200) and extends along the inclined direction of the inclined surface; a first fixed pulley group (31) is fixedly arranged on the guide rail (4); The first floating component (32) is adapted to be placed in the reservoir (200) and moves up and down with the water level in the reservoir (200); the movable pulley group (33) is fixedly placed on the first floating component (32) and slidably connected to the guide rail (4); The second fixed pulley group (34) is fixedly connected to the edge of the second floating photovoltaic module (2); A rotating source (51) is fixedly installed on the inclined surface of the reservoir (200), and a drum (52) is provided on the driving end of the rotating source (51). A traction member (35) has its first end wound around the drum (52) of the rotation source (51), and its middle portion passes back and forth over the first fixed pulley group (31), the movable pulley group (33), and the second fixed pulley group (34). The second end of the traction member (35) is fixed to the movable pulley group (33) or the second fixed pulley group (34). The first segment is defined as the part of the traction component (35) between the first fixed pulley group (31) and the movable pulley group (33), and the second segment is defined as the part between the movable pulley group (33) and the second fixed pulley group (34). The two traction components (35) are a whole piece. The first segment and the second segment are determined by prior calculation to determine the ratio of the number of times the two traction components are wound. The calculation is based on the ratio of the length of the inclined surface of the reservoir (200) to the difference in distance from the water surface line at the foot of the slope to the center of the reservoir, that is, the ratio of the length of the inclined surface of the reservoir (200) to the difference in length from the water surface line at the foot of the slope to the center of the reservoir is equal to the ratio of the number of traction components in the first segment to the number of traction components in the second segment.

2. The water surface photovoltaic device of claim 1, wherein, The first floating photovoltaic module (1) includes a first solar power generation unit (111) consisting of a first pontoon (11) and a first photovoltaic panel (12) laid on the first pontoon (11); and / or, The second floating photovoltaic module (2) includes a second solar power generation unit consisting of a second pontoon (21) and a second photovoltaic panel (22) laid on the second pontoon (21).

3. The water surface photovoltaic device of claim 2, wherein, The first floating photovoltaic module (1) includes multiple first solar power generation units (111), and the second floating photovoltaic module (2) includes multiple second solar power generation units.

4. The water surface photovoltaic equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, Multiple first solar power generation units (111) are arranged sequentially along the direction from the first edge to the second edge and are hinged to each other, and one or more sets of expansion joints (13) are connected between the first solar power generation units (111).

5. The water surface photovoltaic device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The one or more sets of expansion joints (13) are all located above the highest water level of the reservoir (200).

6. The water surface photovoltaic device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The first floating photovoltaic module (1) and the second floating photovoltaic module (2) are rectangular, circular or irregular in shape.

7. The water surface photovoltaic device according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that, At least one row of ladders (14) is provided on each side of the first photovoltaic panel (12) on the first pontoon (11). The tread of each row of ladders (14) has a different angle with the axis of the pontoon. On the telescopic joint (13) that is hinged to each first pontoon (11), there is also a ladder (14) with the same tread angle as the ladder (14) of this first pontoon (11).

8. The water surface photovoltaic device according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that, The surface of the first photovoltaic panel (12) forms a first angle with the first floating box (11); the surface of the second photovoltaic panel (22) forms a second angle with the second floating box (21).

9. The water surface photovoltaic equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that, Define the first included angle as Θ1, where 3‰≤Θ1≤10%. Define the second included angle as Θ2, where 3‰≤Θ2≤10%.

10. The water surface photovoltaic device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The first fixed pulley group (31) is fixedly installed at the upper end of the guide rail (4). Anchor points (7) and brackets are provided on the inclined surface of the basin (200). The guide rail (4) is fixed on the inclined surface of the basin (200) through the anchor points (7) and brackets.

11. The water surface photovoltaic device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The water surface photovoltaic device also includes a tensioning mechanism adapted to be mounted on the support, and the first end of the traction member (35) is connected to the tensioning mechanism.

12. The water surface photovoltaic device according to claim 11, characterized in that, The tensioning mechanism includes: Safety gear (53), which is fixedly sleeved on the drum (52); A ratchet (54) is disposed on the bracket and engages with the safety gear (53). When the safety gear (53) moves in the direction of releasing the traction member (35), the ratchet (54) is adapted to abut against the safety gear (53).

13. The water surface photovoltaic device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, It also includes a spraying mechanism suitable for spraying water onto the first floating photovoltaic module (1) and the second floating photovoltaic module (2).

14. The water surface photovoltaic device according to claim 13, characterized in that, The spray system includes: A water tank (61) is adapted to be located near the highest water level on the inclined surface of the reservoir (200), and an inlet (65) is formed on the water tank (61). A one-way valve is provided at the inlet (65) of the water tank (61) and allows water to flow into the water tank (61). Water pipe (62), which is connected to the water tank (61) and extends to the first floating photovoltaic module (1) and the second floating photovoltaic module (2); A water valve (66) is provided on the water pipe (62) and is adapted to block or open the water pipe (62). The first spray head (63) and the second spray head (64) are located on the first floating photovoltaic module (1) and connected to the water pipe (62), and the second spray head (64) is located on the second floating photovoltaic module (2) and connected to the water pipe (62). The control module is communicatively connected to the water valve (66) and is adapted to control the water valve (66) to open during non-working hours at night when the water level in the reservoir (200) is lower than the preset water level.

15. The water surface photovoltaic device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The first floating photovoltaic module (1) is arranged on each inclined surface of the basin (200).

16. A method of using a surface photovoltaic device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that, include: Step S1: Based on the slope, length, and distance between the inclined surfaces of the basin (200), determine the ratio coefficient of the number of windings of the first and second segments of the traction member (35) corresponding to each inclined surface, the area, shape, number of segments and segment length of the first floating photovoltaic module (1) and the second floating photovoltaic module (2), the number of segments of the telescopic joint (13) and the segment length of each telescopic joint (13); Step S2: When the reservoir (200) is at its lowest water level or in a dry state, construct the anchor point (7), support, guide rail (4) and water tank (61); Step S3: Install the second floating photovoltaic module (2), including: install it when the reservoir is at its highest water level, use a hoisting device to install the second solar power generation unit of the second floating photovoltaic module (2) onto the water surface, and after the assembly is completed, move it to the center of the reservoir (200) and temporarily fix it to the anchor point (7) on the inclined surface of the reservoir (200); Step S4: Install the first floating photovoltaic module (1), including: using a block installation method, install the first floating photovoltaic module (1) on the inclined surface of the reservoir (200) in a bottom-up order. Because it is at the highest water level, some of the first floating photovoltaic modules (1) slide into the water and float. While adjusting the position of the second floating photovoltaic module (2), hinge the hinge point of the first edge of the first floating photovoltaic module (1) to the second floating photovoltaic module (2) and fix it. Hing the second edge of the uppermost first floating photovoltaic module 1 to the anchor point and fix it. Then install the first floating photovoltaic modules (1) on other inclined surfaces in the same way, and then hinge them to the second floating photovoltaic modules (2) one by one. Step S5: Install the rise adjustment system: Install the first fixed pulley group (31), the movable pulley group (33), the first floating component (32) and the second fixed pulley group (34) in the order from bottom to top. After installing the tensioning device, pass the traction component (35) through it and hinge the second fixed pulley group (34) to the second floating photovoltaic module (2). Step S6: Overall adjustment and debugging: Perform overall adjustment of this device, then adjust the rise and fall of the reservoir water level, and debug and pre-run the photovoltaic equipment on the water surface; Step S7: Adjust the tension of the traction component (35) based on the operating status of the water surface photovoltaic equipment; Step S8: Perform automatic cleaning of the photovoltaic panels according to the conditions and time set in the program.

17. The method of use according to claim 16, characterized in that, The coefficient &, which determines the ratio of the number of windings of the first and second segments of the traction member (35) corresponding to each inclined surface, includes: & = L1 / L2; Where, & is the ratio of the number of roots in the first segment to the number of roots in the second segment of the traction component (35); L1 is the length of the inclined surface of the basin (200); L2 is the difference in length from the water surface line at the toe of the slope to the center of the reservoir (200).

Images