Eco-friendly wave-damping blocks and manufacturing molds for their surface groove structures

Abstract

This invention provides an eco-friendly wave-damping block and a manufacturing mold for its surface groove structure. The eco-friendly wave-damping block is a quadrilateral block with concave sides on all four sides, and has a central column. The surface of the eco-friendly wave-damping block is provided with various grooves or protrusions. The mold is a composite mold of a template and a block, specifically designed for the groove structure on the eco-friendly wave-damping block. The beneficial effect of this invention is that during construction, the wave-damping effect is not affected regardless of whether the eco-friendly blocks are randomly thrown or neatly stacked, while also possessing ecological functions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ecological protection in marine engineering and water transport engineering, specifically relating to an ecological wave-dissipating block and a manufacturing mold for its surface groove structure. Background Technology

[0002] Facing blocks are precast concrete blocks commonly used in breakwaters and revetment structures. Their function is to reduce wave energy and minimize wave erosion of the breakwater. Wave-dissipating blocks are a common type of facing block, characterized by their neat and aesthetically pleasing appearance. As a traditional artificial facing block, wave-dissipating blocks have been thoroughly proven in their ability to resist waves. Extensive research has been conducted on their wave-dissipating effects, fabrication, and construction techniques, and these methods are becoming increasingly sophisticated.

[0003] In recent years, ecological and environmental protection issues have risen to an unprecedented level of importance. However, current traditional breakwater and revetment block structures prioritize safety. On the one hand, the blocks are randomly placed during construction, which is convenient and can increase wave-dissipating effect, but results in poor overall aesthetics. On the other hand, their ecological functions are not considered, hindering energy and information transfer between marine flora and fauna habitats. Therefore, ecologically beneficial breakwater revetment blocks have emerged. Since biological attachment can affect the durability of the blocks, these two factors are mutually exclusive and cannot be simultaneously achieved. Finding a balance is crucial. Therefore, in future seawall construction, coordinating the safety, durability, and ecological benefits of breakwater revetment blocks will become an urgent issue. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The inventive concept of this invention relates to an eco-friendly wave-damping block that can be randomly dropped or neatly stacked, and a manufacturing mold for the groove structure on its surface. This eco-friendly wave-damping block has multiple technical effects such as wave reduction, ecology, and aesthetic appearance.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an ecological wave-damping block, including a main body and columns. The main body is geometrically symmetrical. The projection of the main body on the horizontal plane is a regular quadrilateral with a concave center on all four sides. Each of the four sides of the main body is composed of a first side surface, a second side surface, a concave bottom surface, and two transition slopes. The first side surface and the second side surface are located on both sides of the side of the main body. One side of the first side surface and one side of the second side surface form two side surfaces of the side of the main body. The concave bottom surface is located in the middle of the side of the main body. The two sides of the concave bottom surface correspond one-to-one with the transition slopes. The two sides of the concave bottom surface are connected to the first side surface and the second side surface respectively through the transition slopes. The width of the concave bottom surface is less than the distance between the first side surface and the second side surface.

[0006] The column passes through the center of the main body, and the two ends of the column extend out of the upper and lower surfaces of the main body, respectively. The four corners of the upper surface and the four corners of the lower surface of the main body are provided with grooves. The sides of the main body are provided with at least one second groove structure or second protrusion structure continuously distributed around the main body.

[0007] Optionally, the upper and lower surfaces of the main body each have a plurality of first groove structures or first protrusion structures distributed around the central mounting hole.

[0008] Optionally, the first groove structure can be a through strip groove, an intermittent strip groove, or an intermittent dot groove; the first protrusion structure can be a through strip protrusion, an intermittent strip protrusion, or a dot protrusion.

[0009] Optionally, the length of the portion of the column extending above the main body is not equal to the length of the portion extending below the main body.

[0010] Optionally, the column is cast integrally with the main body.

[0011] Optionally, the central mounting hole is connected to the column by a mortise and tenon structure. The main body has a central mounting hole at its center. The shape of the central mounting hole is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the column. The column passes through the central mounting hole and is fixed to the main body by a mortise and tenon joint between the column and the inner wall of the central mounting hole.

[0012] Optionally, the second groove structure can be a through strip groove, an intermittent strip groove, or an intermittent dot groove; the second protrusion structure can be a through strip protrusion, an intermittent strip protrusion, or a dot protrusion.

[0013] Optionally, the cross-sections of the first groove structure, the second groove structure, the first protrusion structure, and the second protrusion structure are all trapezoidal, arc-shaped, or irregular in shape.

[0014] Optionally, the projection of the concave portion on the side of the main body is trapezoidal, arc-shaped, or irregular in shape; the cross-section of the column is square, circular, or irregular in shape; and the cross-section of the pit is circular, square, triangular, quadrilateral, polygonal, or irregular in shape.

[0015] Optionally, it includes a template and a block, wherein the block is detachably connected to the template.

[0016] Optionally, the template is a steel template, and the block is a rubber block.

[0017] Optionally, the template has multiple template mounting holes, the shape of the block is consistent with the groove structure on the surface of the eco-friendly wave-damping block, and multiple bolts corresponding one-to-one with the template mounting holes are embedded in the block. The block and the template are fixed together by the bolts passing through the template mounting holes and the nuts fitted on the bolts. The block and the nuts are located on the inner and outer sides of the template, respectively. Optionally, the block and the template are bonded together.

[0018] The advantages and positive effects of this invention are as follows: due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the wave-dissipating effect of the ecological blocks is not affected by whether they are randomly thrown or neatly stacked during construction, and they also have ecological functions. In addition, the mold structure for manufacturing the grooves on the ecological blocks can greatly improve manufacturing efficiency and finished product qualification rate, and is easy to use. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the decomposed structure;

[0021] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the main structure;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of the mold used for manufacturing;

[0023] In the diagram: 1. Main body; 1-1. First side surface; 1-2. Transition slope; 1-3. Concave bottom surface; 1-4. Second side surface; 2. Column; 3. Pit; 4. First groove structure; 5. Second groove structure; 6. Central mounting hole; 7. Steel template; 7-1 Template mounting hole; 8. Rubber block; 8-1 Bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention through specific circumstances.

[0025] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present invention provides an ecological wave-damping block, including a main body 1 and columns 2. The main body 1 is geometrically symmetrical. The projection of the main body 1 on the horizontal plane is a regular quadrilateral with four sides concave in the middle. The four sides of the main body 1 are each composed of a first side surface 1-1, a second side surface 1-4, a concave bottom surface 1-3, and two transition slopes 1-2. The first side surface 1-1 and the second side surface 1-4 are located on both sides of the side of the main body 1. One side of the first side surface 1-1 and one side of the second side surface 1-4 form two sides of the side of the main body 1. The concave bottom surface 1-3 is located in the middle of the side of the main body 1. The two sides of the concave bottom surface 1-3 correspond one-to-one with the transition slopes 1-2. The two sides of the concave bottom surface 1-3 are connected to the first side surface 1-1 and the second side surface 1-4 through the transition slopes 1-2. The width of the concave bottom surface 1-3 is less than the distance between the first side surface 1-1 and the second side surface 1-4.

[0026] The column 2 is fixed to the center of the main body 1. The two ends of the column 2 extend out of the upper and lower surfaces of the main body 1, respectively. The main body 1 and the column 2 can be integrally cast or connected by mortise and tenon structure. A central mounting hole 6 is set at the center of the main body 1. The shape of the central mounting hole 6 is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the column 2. The column 2 passes through the central mounting hole 6 and is fixed to the main body 1. The distances of the column 2 extending out of the upper and lower surfaces of the main body 1 can be the same or different.

[0027] The four corners of the upper surface and the four corners of the lower surface of the main body 1 are all provided with grooves 3, and the sides of the main body 1 are all provided with two spaced second groove structures 5 or second protrusion structures that are continuously distributed around the main body 1.

[0028] The upper and lower surfaces of the main body 1 each have multiple first groove structures 4 or first protrusion structures distributed around the central mounting hole 6.

[0029] In this embodiment, taking a main body 1 with a side length of 1m as an example, the central column 2 of the main body 1 has a side length of 0.24m. The main body 1 is a square-sectioned structure extending outwards vertically. The column 2 may extend outwards from the main body 1 at the same or different heights. The sides of the main body 1 are concave, and the concave portion is trapezoidal when viewed from the top, with a shorter side length of 0.16m and a longer side length of 0.44m. A pit 3 is provided at each of the four corners of the top and bottom of the main body 1. The edges of the pits 3 are parallel to the edges of the main body 1 and are all 0.09m from the edges, with a depth of 0.16m. m; The top and bottom of the main body 1, in non-pitted positions, are provided with first concave and convex structures. The first concave and convex structures are horizontal and vertical grooves, in the shape of strips, with a length of 0.24m. Each pit 3 corresponds to one first concave and convex structure. A total of eight first concave and convex structures are arranged on the top and bottom surfaces of the main body 1. The sides of the main body 1 are provided with second concave and convex structures. The second concave and convex structures are grooves, in the shape of strips, with their axes parallel to the edge lines of the main body 1, forming a closed shape. One layer is arranged at a distance of 0.1m and 0.2m from the bottom of the main body 1, for a total of two layers.

[0030] In the above structure, the concave shape of the main body 1 can also be arc-shaped or irregular, the cross-section of the column 2 can also be circular or irregular, and the cross-section of the pit 3 can be square, tetragonal, circular, polygonal, or irregular. The second concave and convex structures are strip-shaped or dot-shaped, and are arranged continuously on the side of the main body 1.

[0031] The second concave or convex structure is a groove or a protrusion, and the cross-section of the groove or protrusion can be square, trapezoidal, arc-shaped or irregular.

[0032] The ecological wave-dissipating blocks in the above structure, with pits, grooves, or protrusions on their top, bottom, and sides, increase their porosity and roughness, providing a habitat and attachment environment for marine life. Thus, while fulfilling safety and protection functions, they also possess ecological functions, improving the ecological integrity of the seawall revetment and enhancing the local ecological environment of the seawall. These ecological wave-dissipating blocks can be randomly placed during use, and the central support column 2 allows the main body 1 to be stacked horizontally.

[0033] If the column 2 and the main body 1 are connected by a mortise and tenon structure, and the column 2 extends out of the main body 1 at different distances from the top and bottom, the horizontal height of the main body 1 on each block will be different when the main body 1 is stacked horizontally due to the different heights of the column 2 extending out of the main body 1. This will create a staggered arrangement of blocks with different height differences, further increasing the overall wave-damping effect.

[0034] The aforementioned blocks reduce waves through their own weight and external morphological structure. At the same time, the pits 3 on the top surface of the main body 1 can retain a certain volume of water while reducing waves, providing a habitat for marine life. Grooves or protrusions are added to the top, bottom and sides of the ecological wave-dissipating blocks to increase their surface roughness and provide conditions for marine life to attach.

[0035] Furthermore, when the aforementioned ecological wave-dissipating blocks are stacked horizontally and the distance between the upper and lower surfaces of the column 2 extending from the main body 1 varies, the force of the waves impacting different points on the embankment will vary. Therefore, at points where the vertical wave impact force is greater, the height of the column 2 extending from the central mounting hole 6 will change with the increase of usage time. This causes the staggered height between the main bodies 1 at local points to change. This change may either enhance the wave-dissipating effect or weaken its effectiveness. When the effect deteriorates, it can be repaired simply by flipping the local blocks.

[0036] To ensure the surface roughness of the blocks meets design requirements, prefabricated steel formwork (7) is used. Depending on the assembly method, both vertical and horizontal formwork can be used. Due to the numerous uneven structures on the aforementioned eco-friendly wave-damping blocks, conventional molds would cause difficulties in demolding. Therefore, wedge-shaped formwork structures are used for the protrusions and grooves on the blocks. These wedge-shaped structures are formed by splicing and welding steel plates, resulting in good overall integrity. This reduces friction during demolding, facilitates demolding, ensures the integrity and appearance quality of the blocks, effectively accelerates demolding control time (when concrete strength meets demolding requirements), and improves demolding efficiency.

[0037] Regarding the groove structure on the aforementioned eco-friendly wave-damping block, this invention employs the following... Figure 4The steel-rubber composite mold shown includes a steel template 7 and rubber blocks 8. The rubber blocks 8 are wedge-shaped to facilitate subsequent demolding. The steel template 7 has pre-drilled template mounting holes 7-1 corresponding to the grooves on the rubber blocks. Bolts 8-1, corresponding one-to-one with the template mounting holes 7-1, are embedded in the rubber blocks 8. The bolts 8-1 pass through the template mounting holes 7-1 and are fixed to the steel template 7 with nuts. The bolts 8-1 are multi-point locked to ensure the rubber blocks 8 are tightly pressed against the steel template 7, ensuring stability and preventing movement during concrete pouring. This forms a rubber-steel composite template structure. The fastening ends of the bolts 8-1 are located on the outside of the steel template 7. Before demolding, the bolts 8-1 are removed first, then the steel template 7 is removed, and finally, the rubber blocks 8 are removed from the concrete using small tools, ensuring the finished quality of the grooves. The rubber blocks 8 are reusable, greatly improving demolding control time (when the concrete strength meets demolding requirements) and increasing demolding efficiency. For small groove structures that are difficult to reinforce, 802 glue or other fastening methods can be used to combine the rubber block 8 with the steel template 7.

[0038] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the content described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the patent coverage of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological wave-damping block, characterized in that: The system includes a main body and columns. The main body is geometrically symmetrical. The projection of the main body onto a horizontal plane is a regular quadrilateral with a concave center on each of its four sides. Each of the four sides of the main body consists of a first side surface, a second side surface, a concave bottom surface, and two transition slopes. The first side surface and the second side surface are located on opposite sides of the main body's side surface. One side of the first side surface and one side of the second side surface form two side surfaces of the main body's side surface. The concave bottom surface is located in the middle of the main body's side surface. The two sides of the concave bottom surface correspond one-to-one with the transition slopes. The two sides of the concave bottom surface are connected to the first side surface and the second side surface, respectively, through the transition slopes. The angle between the transition slopes and the concave bottom surface is an obtuse angle. The column is the only central support component of the wave-damping block. The column passes through the center of the main body, and its two ends extend out of the upper and lower surfaces of the main body, respectively. The column provides a core support point for the wave-damping block when it is thrown randomly, and provides a positioning reference for the wave-damping block when it is neatly stacked. The four corners of the upper surface and the four corners of the lower surface of the main body have grooves. The sides of the main body have at least one second groove structure or second protrusion structure continuously distributed around the main body.

2. The ecological wave-damping block according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper and lower surfaces of the main body each have multiple first groove structures or first protrusion structures distributed around the central mounting hole; the first groove structure or first protrusion structure cooperates with the column to form an annular wave-damping channel.

3. The ecological wave-damping block according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first groove structure is a through strip groove, an intermittent strip groove, or an intermittent dot groove; the first protrusion structure is a through strip protrusion, an intermittent strip protrusion, or a dot protrusion.

4. The ecological wave-damping block according to claim 3, characterized in that: The length of the column extending above the main body is not equal to the length extending below the main body; after the block is flipped, different support heights are formed to adapt to construction points with different wave impact intensities.

5. The ecological wave-damping block according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that: The column is cast integrally with the main body.

6. The ecological wave-damping block according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that: The main body has a central mounting hole at its center. The shape of the central mounting hole is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the column. The column passes through the central mounting hole. The central mounting hole and the column are connected by a mortise and tenon structure. The column is fixed to the main body by a mortise and tenon structure between itself and the inner wall of the central mounting hole.

7. The ecological wave-damping block according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second groove structure is a through strip groove, an intermittent strip groove, or an intermittent dot groove; the second protrusion structure is a through strip protrusion, an intermittent strip protrusion, or a dot protrusion.

8. The ecological wave-damping block according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cross-sections of the first groove structure, the second groove structure, the first protrusion structure, and the second protrusion structure are all trapezoidal, arc-shaped, or irregular in shape.

9. The ecological wave-damping block according to claim 5, characterized in that: The projection of the concave portion on the side of the main body is trapezoidal, arc-shaped, or irregular in shape; the cross-section of the column is square, circular, or irregular in shape; and the cross-section of the pit is circular, polygonal, or irregular in shape.

10. A mold for manufacturing the surface groove structure of the eco-friendly wave-damping block according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: It includes a template and a block, wherein the block is detachably connected to the template; The template is a steel template, and the block is a wedge-shaped rubber block; the wedge-shaped surface of the wedge-shaped rubber block faces the demolding direction to reduce friction during demolding, and the shape of the block is precisely matched with the groove structure on the surface of the eco-friendly wave-damping block; The template has multiple template mounting holes, and the block has multiple bolts embedded in it that correspond one-to-one with the template mounting holes. The block and the template are fixed together by the bolts passing through the template mounting holes and the nuts fitted on the bolts. The block and the nuts are located on the inner and outer sides of the template, respectively; or the block and the template are bonded together.

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