Shaft full-face tunneling machine slag collecting device and control method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a shaft full-face tunneling machine slag collecting device and a control method thereof. The tunneling machine comprises a main support shaft, a cutter head, a slag scraping assembly and a cutter head lifting main drive. The cutter head is arranged on the main support shaft and can move up and down along the vertical direction on the main support shaft. The cutter head can also rotate around the axial direction of the main support shaft. The slag scraping assembly is arranged in the cutter head and can extend to the surface of the cutter head to scrape the surface of the cutter head. The cutter head lifting main drive is arranged on the main support shaft and connected with the slag scraping assembly. The cutter head lifting main drive can drive the cutter head to move upwards along the vertical direction while driving the slag scraping assembly to extend to the surface of the cutter head. The cutter head lifting main drive can drive the cutter head to move downwards along the vertical direction while driving the slag scraping assembly to retract into the cutter head. The scheme provided by the application can effectively scrape the cutter head during the operation of the tunneling machine, and prevent the secondary crushing of rock slag during the rock breaking process of the shaft tunneling machine, thereby reducing the rock breaking efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of slag collection devices for full-face tunneling machines in vertical shafts, specifically relating to a slag collection device for full-face tunneling machines in vertical shafts and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] Shafts are crucial access points to ore bodies, and most shafts are vertical shafts. Using shaft tunneling machines (STBMs) for shaft excavation allows workers to "drill without going down into the shaft," ensuring worker safety. Since mechanical shovel-type muck removal cannot be used with STBMs, the challenge of muck removal needs to be overcome. Full-face STBMs allow muck generated during rock breaking to flow downwards and concentrate at the bottom of the working face under its own weight and the influence of the cutterhead angle. This ensures efficient muck removal while maintaining effective muck collection, thus guaranteeing the efficiency of gravity-assisted muck removal in vertical shafts.

[0003] However, relying solely on the weight of the rock debris to collect it in a shaft tunneling machine is not entirely reliable, as the types, quantities, and particle sizes of rock debris generated in actual rock breaking operations are highly complex. If rock debris cannot be effectively removed and accumulates on the excavation face of the shaft tunneling machine, it will reduce the machine's rock breaking efficiency. The accumulated rock debris will also cause unnecessary wear on the cutterhead cutters, affecting their service life. This may necessitate suspending construction and requiring manual removal of the rock debris or replacement of the cutters, severely delaying the construction progress and impacting the project schedule. In severe cases, it could even lead to safety accidents. Therefore, research on reasonable and efficient rock debris removal techniques for shaft tunneling machines during the tunneling process is of great significance.

[0004] Based on the aforementioned problem of slag collection encountered by full-face tunnel boring machines in the construction of vertical shafts, a more reliable active slag removal solution than passive slag removal is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of the aforementioned technologies by proposing a slag collection device and its control method for a full-face tunneling machine, aiming to solve the problem of slag spillage during the operation of existing full-face tunneling machines.

[0006] This invention provides a slag collection device for a full-face tunneling machine in a vertical shaft. The tunneling machine includes a main support shaft, a cutterhead, a slag scraping assembly, and a main drive for lifting the cutterhead. The cutterhead is mounted on the main support shaft and can move vertically up and down on the main support shaft. The cutterhead can also rotate axially around the main support shaft. The slag scraping assembly is located inside the cutterhead and can extend to the surface of the cutterhead to scrape slag from the surface of the cutterhead. The main drive for lifting the cutterhead is mounted on the main support shaft and connected to the slag scraping assembly. The main drive for lifting the cutterhead can simultaneously drive the slag scraping assembly to extend to the surface of the cutterhead and drive the cutterhead to move vertically upward. The main drive for lifting the cutterhead can simultaneously drive the slag scraping assembly to retract into the cutterhead and drive the cutterhead to move vertically downward.

[0007] Furthermore, the slag scraping assembly includes a support plate, a self-rotating main drive, driven support components, and a slag scraping chain; a slag scraping groove is provided inside the cutter head, extending to the surface of the cutter head; a chain support frame is fixedly provided on the support plate, the self-rotating main drive and multiple driven support components are disposed on the chain support frame, and the slag scraping chain is respectively sleeved on the self-rotating main drive and driven support components, and can rotate around the self-rotating main drive and driven support components to perform slag scraping; the self-rotating main drive is used to drive the slag scraping chain to rotate; a slag scraping plate is provided on the slag scraping chain; the support plate is movably disposed in the slag scraping groove, and can drive the slag scraping chain to extend out of the surface of the cutter head or retract into the cutter head.

[0008] Furthermore, the main drive for lifting the cutter head includes a winch and a traction rope; the traction rope includes a rigid traction rope and a flexible traction rope, the flexible traction rope is set inside the winch and can extend and retract on the winch; a locking buckle track is provided on the chain support frame; one end of the rigid traction rope is connected to the flexible traction rope, and the other end of the rigid traction rope is wound around the locking buckle track and fixed on the chain support frame, thereby enabling the support plate to extend out of the cutter head surface or retract into the cutter head.

[0009] Furthermore, the cutterhead has a conical or frustum-shaped structure; the scraping chain is made of rigid material and has a width of 30cm-50cm; the scraping assembly includes two sets, which are symmetrically arranged inside the cutterhead and extend and retract to both sides of the cutterhead respectively; the total length of the two sets of scraping chains is 100cm-150cm greater than the longitudinal circumference of the cutterhead; an internal slag collection bucket is provided between the two sets of scraping chains to collect rock debris on the scraping chains.

[0010] Furthermore, the slag scraper is made of flexible material; multiple slag scraper plates are set on the slag scraper chain at intervals of 45cm to 55cm; the fixed angle between the slag scraper plate and the slag scraper chain is 40° to 50°; one end of the slag scraper plate is connected to the connecting block on the side of the slag scraper plate through a spherical buckle, and the slag scraper plate can swing within an angle range of 0° to 30° on the spherical buckle.

[0011] Furthermore, the upper and lower scraping surfaces of the scraper are provided with multiple raised strips and multiple grooves, with the raised strips and grooves spaced apart on the scraping surfaces.

[0012] Furthermore, the main drive for the cutterhead lifting also includes a piston, a hydraulic pump station, and an oil tank, with the oil tank connected to the hydraulic pump station. The piston includes an upper piston and a lower piston, which are arranged opposite each other and connected by a steel rod. The upper piston has an upper piston fuel reaction chamber, and the lower piston has a lower piston fuel reaction chamber. The hydraulic pump station is connected to the upper piston fuel reaction chamber and the lower piston fuel reaction chamber respectively through oil supply pipes and can supply oil to both chambers. When slag scraping is required, the lower piston starts working, and the hydraulic pump station drives the lower piston upward through the lower piston channel, which in turn drives the cutterhead upward, raising the cutterhead by 60cm-70cm. At the same time, the slag scraping assembly extends out of the cutterhead surface, and the slag scraping chain performs slag hauling under the coordinated action of its own rotation and the cutterhead's rotation. After the slag hauling operation is completed, the upper piston starts working, and the hydraulic pump station drives the upper piston downward through the upper piston channel, pushing the cutterhead downward so that it contacts the working face for rock breaking.

[0013] Furthermore, a buffer spring is provided between the upper piston and the lower piston, and a blocking sleeve is also provided on the piston; the blocking sleeve is sleeved on the piston and located at the upper end of the upper piston; when the lower piston moves upward to the preset position, it can abut against the blocking sleeve and restrict the main drive of the cutter head lifting and lowering to drive the scraper assembly to extend to the cutter head surface; when the upper piston moves downward to the preset position, it can abut against the blocking sleeve and restrict the main drive of the cutter head lifting and lowering to drive the scraper assembly to retract into the cutter head; when the movement of the main drive of the cutter head lifting and lowering and the cutter head is blocked by the blocking sleeve, the oil supply pipe, the fuel reaction chamber of the upper piston, and the fuel reaction chamber of the lower piston all stop working.

[0014] Furthermore, the main support shaft is also equipped with a tunneling machine slag storage bin. The slag collection bucket inside the cutterhead is connected to the tunneling machine slag storage bin through a lifting mechanism, and the rock slag inside the slag collection bucket inside the cutterhead can be transferred to the tunneling machine slag storage bin through the lifting mechanism.

[0015] Furthermore, the main support shaft is also equipped with support shoes, two support shoes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main support shaft and located at the upper end of the cutter head; the surface of the cutter head is also equipped with hobbing cutters.

[0016] Furthermore, the main support shaft is also equipped with a cutter head rotation drive mechanism, which is connected to the cutter head and can drive the cutter head to rotate axially around the main support shaft; the revolution speed of the cutter head is 30 deg / s, and the rotation speed of the scraper chain is 0.5 m / s.

[0017] Furthermore, the main support shaft is also equipped with a cutterhead main drive mechanism, which is connected to the cutterhead and can drive the cutterhead to perform rock breaking operations.

[0018] Accordingly, in conjunction with the above solutions, the present invention also provides a control method for a slag collection device of a full-face tunneling machine, the control method comprising the following processes:

[0019] S1: The vertical shaft full-face tunneling machine performs rock breaking operations downward under the propulsion of the cutterhead main drive mechanism. During this process, some of the rock debris generated by rock breaking will slide to the bottom of the cutterhead under its own gravity and the inclination angle of the cutterhead.

[0020] S2: After rock breaking continues for 25 to 30 minutes, the cutterhead stops rotating. After a 3-5 minute interval, the main drive for lifting the cutterhead starts working, tightening the traction rope and lifting the cutterhead 60-70 cm upward, causing the roller cutter on the cutterhead to detach from the working surface, and at the same time driving the scraper assembly to extend out of the cutterhead surface.

[0021] S3: After the scraper assembly extends, let it stand for 3-5 minutes to observe whether the tunneling machine is operating normally. After confirming that everything is normal, start the cutterhead rotation and the scraper chain rotation to start the scraping operation, so that the rock debris remaining on the cutterhead surface can slide down to the bottom of the cutterhead with the assistance of the scraper small plates of the scraper chain.

[0022] S4: After the muck chute operation lasts for 10 to 20 minutes, the muck scraper chain self-rotation drive stops, the cutterhead self-rotation stops, and it is left to stand for 3 to 5 minutes to observe whether the tunneling machine is in normal condition. After confirming that the working condition is normal, the cutterhead lifting main drive drive traction rope is loosened, which drives the cutterhead to move downward so that the roller cutter contacts the working surface, and at the same time drives the muck scraper assembly to retract into the cutterhead.

[0023] S5: Under the action of the scraper chain, the rock debris produced by rock breaking will slide down into the bottom of the cutter head. Some of the rock debris remaining on the scraper chain will be collected into the slag collection bucket inside the cutter head through the scraper chain, and then lifted to the ground through the lifting mechanism inside the slag collection bucket.

[0024] S6: After the scraper assembly retracts, let it stand for 3-5 minutes to observe whether the tunneling machine is operating normally. Once everything is confirmed to be normal, start the cutterhead rotation to perform rock breaking with the roller cutter. Repeat the above five steps.

[0025] The solution provided by this invention can effectively scrape the cutterhead during tunneling machine operation, preventing secondary crushing of rock debris during the rock breaking process of the vertical shaft tunneling machine, which leads to low rock breaking efficiency and damage to the cutter head of the vertical shaft tunneling machine. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0027] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall slag collection device for a full-face tunnel boring machine of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view (rock breaking state) of a slag collection device for a full-face tunnel boring machine of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view (muck-chuting state) of a slag collection device for a full-face tunneling machine in a vertical shaft according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the slag scraping chain structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the slag scraper plate and the slag scraper chain of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the connection between the slag scraper plate and the slag scraper chain of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the main drive mechanism for lifting the cutter head in this invention. Figure 1 ;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the main drive mechanism for lifting the cutter head in this invention. Figure 2 ;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the main drive mechanism for lifting the cutter head according to the present invention.

[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the normal driving state of the main drive mechanism for lifting the cutter head of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the main drive mechanism for lifting the cutterhead in this invention driving the downward push cutterhead to break rock.

[0038] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the hydraulic pump station and the main drive mechanism for lifting the cutter head in this invention.

[0039] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the slag conveying operation of the cutterhead in this invention. Figure 1 ;

[0040] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the slag conveying operation of the cutterhead in this invention. Figure 2 ;

[0041] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the cutter head retracting into the cutter head of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0042] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the cutter head retracting into the cutter head of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0043] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the slag scraping chain of the present invention on the cutter head.

[0044] In the diagram: 1—oil tank; 2—hydraulic pump station; 3—support shoe; 4—main drive for cutterhead lifting; 5—internal slag collection bucket of cutterhead; 6—cutterhead; 7—main drive for rotation; 8—driven support component; 9—slag scraper chain; 10—slag scraper plate; 11—rigid traction rope; 12—flexible traction rope; 13—slag storage bin of tunneling machine; 14—support plate; 15—main support shaft; 16—protruding strip; 17—groove; 18—spherical buckle; 19—connecting block; 20—slag scraper groove; 21—resistance sleeve; 22—upper piston; 23—lower piston; 24—buffer spring; 25—upper piston fuel reaction chamber; 26—lower piston fuel reaction chamber; 27—oil pipe; 29—cutterhead rotation drive mechanism; 30—slag scraper chain locking buckle; 31—winch; 32—locking buckle track; 33—chain support frame. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0046] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0047] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. "Several" means one or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0048] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0049] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0050] like Figures 1 to 17 As shown, this invention provides a slag collection device for a full-face tunneling machine in a vertical shaft. The tunneling machine includes a main support shaft 15, a cutterhead 6, a slag scraping assembly, and a cutterhead lifting main drive 4. The cutterhead 6 is mounted on the main support shaft 15 and can move vertically up and down on the main support shaft 15. Furthermore, the cutterhead 6 can also rotate axially around the main support shaft 15 to perform rock breaking and slag removal operations. Specifically, the slag scraping assembly is located inside the cutterhead 6 and can extend to the surface of the cutterhead 6 to scrape slag from its surface. Further, the cutterhead lifting main drive 4 is mounted on the main support shaft 15. The main drive 4 for lifting the cutterhead 6 is located on shaft 15 and connected to the slag scraping assembly. Specifically, the main drive 4 for lifting the cutterhead 6 can simultaneously drive the slag scraping assembly to extend to the surface of the cutterhead 6 and drive the cutterhead 6 to move upward in the vertical direction. Furthermore, the main drive 4 for lifting the cutterhead 6 can simultaneously drive the slag scraping assembly to retract into the cutterhead 6 and drive the cutterhead 6 to move downward in the vertical direction. The slag collection device for a full-face tunneling machine provided by this invention can effectively scrape slag from the cutterhead during tunneling machine operation, preventing secondary crushing of rock debris during rock breaking, which would lead to low rock breaking efficiency and damage to the cutterhead cutter of the tunneling machine.

[0051] Preferably, in combination with the above schemes, such as Figures 1 to 17As shown, the slag scraping assembly includes a support plate 14, a self-rotating main drive 7, driven support components 8, and a slag scraping chain 9; further, a slag scraping groove 20 is provided inside the cutter head 6, extending to the surface of the cutter head 6; further, a chain support frame 33 is fixedly provided on the support plate 14, the self-rotating main drive 7 and multiple driven support components 8 are disposed on the chain support frame 33, and the slag scraping chain 9 is respectively sleeved on the self-rotating main drive 7 and the driven support components 8, and can rotate around the self-rotating main drive 7 and the driven support components 8, thereby performing slag scraping; further... Two self-rotating main drives 7 are respectively set on the upper left and lower right corners of the scraper chain 9, and six driven support components 8 are distributed on each corner of the chain support frame 33. The self-rotating main drives 7 and the driven support components 8 can play the role of advancing and supporting the chain; the driven support components 8 mainly play the role of fixing and transmitting force; the self-rotating main drives 7 are used to drive the scraper chain 9 to rotate; a scraper plate 10 is provided on the scraper chain 9; the support plate 14 is movably set in the scraper groove 20 and can drive the scraper chain 9 to extend out of the surface of the cutter head 6 or retract into the cutter head 6.

[0052] Preferably, in combination with the above schemes, such as Figures 1 to 17 As shown, the main drive 4 for lifting the cutter head includes a winch 31 and a traction rope; the traction rope includes a rigid traction rope 11 and a flexible traction rope 12, the flexible traction rope 12 is disposed inside the winch 31 and can extend and retract on the winch 31; furthermore, a locking buckle track 32 is provided on the chain support frame 33; one end of the rigid traction rope 11 is connected to the flexible traction rope 12, and the other end of the rigid traction rope 11 is wound around the locking buckle track 32 and fixed on the chain support frame 33, thereby enabling the support plate 14 to extend out of the surface of the cutter head 6 or retract into the cutter head 6; specifically, each scraper chain 9 has a locking buckle track 32 at its upper left and lower left corners, connecting the traction rope and the scraper chain 9 as one unit, thereby enabling the scraper chain to extend out of the surface of the cutter head 6 or retract into the cutter head 6. The slag chain 9 can extend or retract from the cutter head 6 along with the traction rope. Since the locking buckle track 32 is fixed, a locking buckle track 32 is reserved on the chain support frame 33 so that there is always space for it on the chain support frame 33 when the slag scraping chain 9 rotates. The slag scraping chain 9 is installed in the slag scraping groove 20 of the cutter head 6 through the support plate 14. The support plate 14 centrally fixes the driven support component 8 on the slag scraping chain 9. Specifically, a sliding groove can be provided in the horizontal direction on the side wall of the slag scraping groove 20. The support plate 14 is slidably set in the sliding groove by a slider, so that it can extend out of the surface of the cutter head 6 or retract into the cutter head 6. Specifically, the revolution speed of the cutter head 6 is 30 deg / s, and the rotation speed of the slag scraping chain 9 is 0.5 m / s. The slag scraping chain performs slag scraping operation under this combined motion condition.

[0053] Preferably, in combination with the above schemes, such as Figures 1 to 17As shown, the cutter head 6 has a conical or frustum-shaped structure (i.e., the V-shaped surface of the cross section of the cutter head 6), and one cutter head 6 is equipped with two sets of scraping assemblies; furthermore, the scraping chain 9 is made of rigid material, and the width of the scraping chain 9 is 30cm-50cm; the scraping assembly includes two sets, which are symmetrically arranged inside the cutter head 6 and extend and retract to both sides of the cutter head 6 respectively; the two sets of scraping assemblies are symmetrically located on both sides of the longitudinal section of the cutter head 6, the two sets of scraping chains 9 are of the same length, and the total length of the two sets of scraping chains 9 is 100cm-150cm greater than the circumference of the longitudinal section of the cutter head 6. Specifically, the scraper chain is pre-laid into the scraper groove reserved on the surface of the cutterhead and passes through the internal slag collection bucket of the cutterhead. During the slag collection operation, the scraper chain 9 extends out of the cutterhead surface under the action of the traction rope under the coordinated action of the main drive 4 for lifting the cutterhead. While following the revolution of the cutterhead, the scraper chain will also rotate under the action of the main drive 7 for rotation. Each scraper chain 9 is powered by two main drives 7 for rotation. Furthermore, an internal slag collection bucket 5 is provided between the two sets of scraper chains 9. The internal slag collection bucket 5 is used to collect the rock slag on the scraper chain 9.

[0054] Preferably, in combination with the above schemes, such as Figures 1 to 17 As shown, the scraper plate 10 is made of flexible material. With the assistance of the scraper plate, rock debris that is difficult to slide down can slide down to the bottom of the cutter head for collection, which speeds up the slag conveying speed and improves the slag collection and discharge efficiency. The use of flexible material can prevent the scraper plate and rock debris from getting stuck together, avoiding a decrease in slag conveying efficiency during operation, affecting the quality of the cutter head and scraper chain, and even preventing accidents. Specifically, multiple scraper plates 10 are set on the scraper chain 9 at intervals of 45cm to 55cm, preferably 50cm. The fixed angle between the scraper plate 10 and the scraper chain 9 is 40° to 50°, preferably 45°. One end of the scraper plate 10 is connected to the connecting block 19 on the side of the scraper plate 10 through a spherical buckle 18, and the scraper plate 10 can swing within an angle range of 0° to 30° on the spherical buckle 18.

[0055] Preferably, in combination with the above schemes, such as Figures 1 to 17As shown, the scraper plate 10 has multiple raised strips 16 and multiple grooves 17 on its upper and lower scraping surfaces, with the raised strips 16 and grooves 17 spaced apart. Specifically, the scraper plate 10 has raised strips 16 and recessed grooves 17. The raised strips 16 can apply external force to the rock debris, making it easier to slide down and concentrate at the bottom of the cutter head. The space left by the grooves 17 can prevent the scraper plate from being stuck by the rock debris, playing a buffering role. The tail of the scraper plate 10 is connected to a row of spherical buckles 18, which allows the scraper plate to... The small plate has a 30° vertical swing range during slag scraping operations. Furthermore, the small slag scraping plate 10 is welded to the slag scraping chain to form a complete slag scraping component. A small slag scraping plate is set every 50cm on the slag scraping chain. During slag collection operations, the small slag scraping plate extends out of the cutter head surface along with the slag scraping chain. The small slag scraping plate performs slag slugging operations under the combined motion of the cutter head's revolution and the slag scraping chain's rotation. The revolution and rotation speeds are consistent with the motion state of the slag scraping chain, which can basically achieve slag scraping without dead angles on the working surface.

[0056] Preferably, in combination with the above schemes, such as Figures 1 to 17 As shown, the main drive 4 for lifting the cutterhead is powered by the hydraulic pump station 2 and the oil tank 1, and is an integrated device with the cutterhead 6. To prevent the rock-breaking operation and the slag-collecting operation from interfering with each other and damaging the cutterhead assembly, thus affecting the rock-breaking and slag-collecting efficiency, the main drive 4 for lifting the cutterhead also includes a piston, the hydraulic pump station 2, and the oil tank 1, which is connected to the hydraulic pump station 2. Furthermore, the piston includes an upper piston 22 and a lower piston 23. The upper piston 22 and the lower piston 23 are arranged opposite to each other and connected by a steel rod. The upper piston 22 is provided with an upper piston fuel reaction chamber 25, and the lower piston 23 is provided with a lower piston fuel reaction chamber 25. 3 is equipped with a lower piston fuel reaction chamber 26. During operation, the hydraulic pump station delivers fuel to the reaction chambers of the upper piston 22 and the lower piston 23. The fuel generates gas in the reaction chamber and enters the internal space of the piston. When the gas pressure in the internal space of the piston reaches a certain level, it pushes the piston rod to move, thereby driving the main drive 4 for lifting and lowering the cutter head and the overall movement of the cutter head. Furthermore, the hydraulic pump station 2 is connected to the upper piston fuel reaction chamber 25 and the lower piston fuel reaction chamber 26 respectively through oil supply pipes 27, and can supply oil to the upper piston fuel reaction chamber 25 and the lower piston fuel reaction chamber 26. Specifically, as shown... Figures 8 to 11As shown, when slag scraping is required, the lower piston 23 starts working. The hydraulic pump station 2 drives the lower piston 23 to move upward through the lower piston channel, which in turn drives the cutter head 6 to move upward, raising the cutter head 6 by 60cm-70cm. At the same time, the slag scraping assembly extends out of the surface of the cutter head 6. The slag scraping chain 9 performs slag chuting under the coordinated action of its own rotation and the rotation of the cutter head 6. Further, after the slag chuting operation of the cutter head 6 and the slag scraping chain 9 is completed, the upper piston 22 starts working. The hydraulic pump station 2 drives the upper piston 22 to move downward through the upper piston channel, pushing the cutter head 6 downward, so that the roller cutters on the cutter head 6 contact the working surface to perform rock breaking operation. Thus, slag collection operation is performed under the above-mentioned combined motion. The design is that the rock breaking operation is 30 minutes and the slag chuting operation is 15 minutes as one cycle, forming a working mode of rock breaking-slag chuting coordinated operation.

[0057] Preferably, in combination with the above schemes, such as Figures 1 to 17 As shown, a buffer spring 24 is provided between the upper piston 22 and the lower piston 23 to prevent piston damage and ensure slow piston movement; a blocking sleeve 21 is also provided on the piston; the blocking sleeve 21 is sleeved on the piston and located at the upper end of the upper piston 22 to prevent the cutter head from being excessively raised and lowered; when the lower piston 23 moves upward to the preset position, it can abut against the blocking sleeve 21 and restrict the cutter head lifting main drive 4 from driving the scraper assembly to extend to the surface of the cutter head 6; when the upper piston 22 moves downward to the preset position, it can abut against the blocking sleeve 21 and restrict the cutter head lifting main drive 4 from driving the scraper assembly to retract into the cutter head 6; when the movement of the cutter head lifting main drive 4 and the cutter head 6 is blocked by the blocking sleeve 21, the oil supply pipe 27, the upper piston fuel reaction chamber 25 and the lower piston fuel reaction chamber 26 all stop working, indicating that the lifting or lowering process has ended.

[0058] Preferably, in combination with the above schemes, such as Figures 1 to 17As shown, the rigid traction rope 11 is preferably a Φ40×5m steel wire rope, which is a rigid material. The ends of the two sets of steel wire ropes are connected to the winch 31 at the top of the cutterhead lifting main drive 4 through a flexible material with high toughness. The angle between the steel wire rope and the flexible traction rope 12 remains unchanged. Each set of steel wire ropes is connected to two scraper chain locking buckles 30 on each set of scraper components. The two sets of steel wire ropes are located on both sides of the longitudinal section of the cutterhead 6. When the rock breaking operation ends, the cutterhead lifting main drive 4 raises the cutterhead to make the cutter head leave the working surface. Under the action of the winch 31 at the top of the cutterhead lifting main drive 4, the flexible traction rope 12 shortens. Since the angle between the flexible traction rope 12 and the steel wire rope remains unchanged, the steel wire rope is pulled by the flexible traction rope 12 to pull the support plate 14 out of the cutterhead surface, thereby opening At the start of the slag scraping operation, after the slag scraping operation is completed, the main drive 4 for lifting the cutter head drives the cutter head to descend, so that the roller cutter contacts the working surface. At the same time, the main drive 4 for lifting the cutter head pushes the cutter head down, and the top winch loosens, the flexible traction rope 12 gradually returns to its original length, the wire rope returns to its original state, and the slag scraping chain rotates and retracts the cutter head, thus retracting the slag scraping chain. Furthermore, the main drive 4 for lifting the cutter head is divided into two groups, which are responsible for driving two groups of slag scraping components, so that the two groups of slag scraping components rotate at the same speed. The driving device of each group of main drive 4 for lifting the cutter head is a piston. The piston drives the slag scraping chain to rotate under the power supply of the oil tank and the hydraulic pump station. At the start of the slag scraping operation, the two groups of rotation driving devices move in opposite directions, so that the slag scraping plates on the two groups of slag scraping chains can push the rock slag towards the bottom of the cutter head 6.

[0059] Preferably, in combination with the above schemes, such as Figures 1 to 17 As shown, the main support shaft 15 is also equipped with a tunneling machine slag storage bin 13, and the slag collection bin 5 inside the cutterhead is connected to the tunneling machine slag storage bin 13 through a lifting mechanism. The slag inside the slag collection bin 5 inside the cutterhead can be transferred to the tunneling machine slag storage bin 13 through the lifting mechanism, and then transported to the ground.

[0060] Preferably, in combination with the above schemes, such as Figures 1 to 17 As shown, the main support shaft 15 is also provided with support shoes 3. The two support shoes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main support shaft 15 and located at the upper end of the cutter head 6; the surface of the cutter head 6 is also provided with hobbing cutters.

[0061] Preferably, in combination with the above schemes, such as Figures 1 to 17 As shown, the main support shaft 15 is also equipped with a cutter head rotation drive mechanism, which is connected to the cutter head 6 and can drive the cutter head 6 to rotate around the axial direction of the main support shaft 15, thereby performing rock breaking operations; specifically, the revolution speed of the cutter head 6 is 30 deg / s, and the rotation speed of the scraper chain 9 is 0.5 m / s.

[0062] Preferably, in combination with the above schemes, such as Figures 1 to 17 As shown, the main support shaft 15 is also equipped with a cutter head main drive mechanism, which is connected to the cutter head 6 and can drive the cutter head 6 to perform rock breaking operations.

[0063] Accordingly, in conjunction with the above schemes, such as Figures 1 to 17 As shown, the present invention also provides a control method for a slag collection device of a full-face tunneling machine, applied to the aforementioned slag collection device of a full-face tunneling machine; specifically, the control method includes the following processes:

[0064] S1: The vertical shaft full-face tunneling machine performs rock breaking operations downward under the propulsion of the cutterhead main drive mechanism. During this process, some of the rock debris generated by rock breaking will slide to the bottom of the cutterhead 6 under its own weight and the inclination angle of the cutterhead 6.

[0065] S2: After rock breaking continues for 25 to 30 minutes, the cutter head 6 stops rotating. After a 3-5 minute interval, the main drive 4 for lifting the cutter head starts working, tightens the traction rope, and lifts the cutter head 6 upward by 60-70 cm, so that the roller cutter on the cutter head 6 is removed from the working surface, and at the same time, the scraper assembly extends out of the surface of the cutter head 6.

[0066] S3: After the scraper assembly extends, let it stand for 3-5 minutes to observe whether the tunneling machine is operating normally. After confirming that everything is normal, start the cutterhead 6 to rotate and the scraper chain 9 to start the scraping operation. The remaining rock debris on the surface of the cutterhead 6 can slide down to the bottom of the cutterhead 6 with the assistance of the scraper plate 10 of the scraper chain 9.

[0067] S4: After the muck chute operation lasts for 10 to 20 minutes, the muck scraper chain 9 stops rotating, the cutter head 6 stops rotating, and the machine is left to stand for 3 to 5 minutes to observe whether the tunneling machine is in normal condition. After confirming that the machine is in normal condition, the cutter head lifting main drive 4 drives the traction rope to loosen, which drives the cutter head 6 to move downward so that the cutter head contacts the working surface. At the same time, the muck scraper assembly is driven to retract into the cutter head 6.

[0068] S5: Under the action of the scraper chain 9, the rock debris produced by rock breaking will slide down into the bottom of the cutter head 6. Some of the rock debris remaining on the scraper chain 9 will be collected into the slag collection bucket 5 inside the cutter head through the scraper chain 9, and then lifted to the ground through the lifting mechanism inside the slag collection bucket 5 inside the cutter head.

[0069] S6: After the scraper assembly retracts, let it stand for 3-5 minutes to observe whether the tunneling machine is operating normally. Once everything is confirmed to be normal, start the cutterhead 6 to rotate and perform rock breaking with the roller cutter. Repeat the above five steps.

[0070] The solution provided by this invention allows a full-face tunneling machine to pause its cutting rock breaking operation when it reaches a certain depth, raise the cutterhead so that the cutterhead is slightly removed from the working face, and extend the scraping assembly inside the cutterhead. Under the action of the scraping chain's rotation and the cutterhead's revolution, the scraping plates on the scraping chain actively slide the rock debris formed by rock breaking that is difficult to fall on its own and remains on the working face of the cutterhead, thereby concentrating the rock debris at the bottom of the working face of the cutterhead, and then cleaning and lifting the rock debris to the ground through the lifting mechanism.

[0071] The solution provided by this invention can effectively scrape the cutterhead during tunneling machine operation, preventing secondary crushing of rock debris during the rock breaking process of the vertical shaft tunneling machine, which leads to low rock breaking efficiency and damage to the cutter head of the vertical shaft tunneling machine.

[0072] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention, or modify it into equivalent embodiments, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technology of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A slag collection device for a full-face tunneling machine, characterized in that, The tunneling machine includes a main support shaft (15), a cutterhead (6), a scraper assembly, and a cutterhead lifting main drive (4); the cutterhead (6) is mounted on the main support shaft (15) and can move vertically up and down on the main support shaft (15); the cutterhead (6) can also rotate around the axial direction of the main support shaft (15); the scraper assembly is mounted inside the cutterhead (6) and can extend to the surface of the cutterhead (6) to scrape the surface of the cutterhead (6); the cutterhead lifting main drive (4) is mounted on the main support shaft (15) and connected to the scraper assembly; the cutterhead lifting main drive (4) can drive the scraper assembly to extend to the surface of the cutterhead (6) while driving the cutterhead (6) to move vertically upward; the cutterhead lifting main drive (4) can drive the scraper assembly to retract into the cutterhead (6) while driving the cutterhead (6) to move vertically downward. The slag scraping assembly includes a support plate (14), a self-rotating main drive (7), driven support components (8), and a slag scraping chain (9); the cutter head (6) is provided with a slag scraping groove (20), which extends to the surface of the cutter head (6); a chain support frame (33) is fixedly provided on the support plate (14), the self-rotating main drive (7) and a plurality of driven support components (8) are disposed on the chain support frame (33), and the slag scraping chain (9) is respectively sleeved on the self-rotating main drive (7) and a plurality of driven support components (8). The main drive (7) and the driven support component (8) rotate around the main drive (7) and the driven support component (8) to perform slag scraping; the main drive (7) drives the slag scraping chain (9) to rotate; the slag scraping chain (9) is provided with a slag scraping plate (10); the support plate (14) is movably disposed in the slag scraping groove (20) and can drive the slag scraping chain (9) to extend out of the surface of the cutter head (6) or retract into the cutter head (6); The main drive for lifting the cutter head (4) also includes a piston, a hydraulic pump station (2), and an oil tank (1). The oil tank (1) is connected to the hydraulic pump station (2). The piston includes an upper piston (22) and a lower piston (23). The upper piston (22) and the lower piston (23) are arranged opposite to each other and connected by a steel rod. The upper piston (22) is provided with an upper piston fuel reaction chamber (25), and the lower piston (23) is provided with a lower piston fuel reaction chamber (26). The hydraulic pump station (2) is connected to the upper piston fuel reaction chamber (25) and the lower piston fuel reaction chamber (26) respectively through an oil supply pipe (27), and is able to supply oil to the upper piston fuel reaction chamber (25) and the lower piston fuel reaction chamber (26).

2. The slag collection device for a full-face tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main drive (4) for lifting the cutter head includes a winch (31) and a traction rope; the traction rope includes a rigid traction rope (11) and a flexible traction rope (12), the flexible traction rope (12) is set inside the winch (31) and can extend and retract on the winch (31); the chain support frame (33) is provided with a locking buckle track (32); one end of the rigid traction rope (11) is connected to the flexible traction rope (12), and the other end of the rigid traction rope (11) is wound around the locking buckle track (32) and fixed on the chain support frame (33), thereby enabling the support plate (14) to extend out of the surface of the cutter head (6) or retract to the cutter head (6).

3. The slag collection device for a full-face tunneling machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cutter head (6) is a conical or frustum-shaped structure; the scraper chain (9) is made of rigid material and has a width of 30cm-50cm; the scraper assembly includes two sets, which are symmetrically arranged inside the cutter head (6) and extend and retract to both sides of the cutter head (6); the total length of the two sets of scraper chains (9) is 100cm-150cm greater than the longitudinal section circumference of the cutter head (6); a slag collection bucket (5) is provided between the two sets of scraper chains (9) for collecting rock slag on the scraper chains (9).

4. The slag collection device for a full-face tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scraper plate (10) is made of flexible material; multiple scraper plates (10) are arranged on the scraper chain (9) at intervals of 45cm to 55cm; the fixed angle between the scraper plate (10) and the scraper chain (9) is 40° to 50°; one end of the scraper plate (10) is connected to the connecting block (19) on the side of the scraper plate (10) through a ball buckle (18), and the scraper plate (10) can swing in an angle range of 0° to 30° on the ball buckle (18).

5. The slag collection device for a full-face tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scraper plate (10) has multiple raised strips (16) and multiple grooves (17) on its upper and lower scraper surfaces, with the raised strips (16) and grooves (17) spaced apart on the scraper surfaces.

6. The slag collection device for a full-face tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, When slag scraping is required, the lower piston (23) starts working, and the hydraulic pump station (2) drives the lower piston (23) to move upward through the lower piston channel, and drives the cutter head (6) to move upward, raising the cutter head (6) by 60cm-70cm. At the same time, the slag scraping assembly extends out of the surface of the cutter head (6), and the slag scraping chain (9) performs slag chute operation under the coordinated action of its rotation and the rotation of the cutter head (6). After the slag chute operation is completed, the upper piston (22) starts working, and the hydraulic pump station (2) drives the upper piston (22) to move downward through the upper piston channel, pushing the cutter head (6) downward, so that the cutter head (6) contacts the working face to perform rock breaking operation.

7. The slag collection device for a full-face tunneling machine according to claim 6, characterized in that, A buffer spring (24) is provided between the upper piston (22) and the lower piston (23), and a blocking sleeve (21) is also provided on the piston. The blocking sleeve (21) is sleeved on the piston and located at the upper end of the upper piston (22). When the lower piston (23) moves upward to a preset position, it can abut against the blocking sleeve (21) and restrict the main drive (4) of the cutter disc lifting to drive the scraper assembly to extend to the surface of the cutter disc (6). When the upper piston (22) moves downward to a preset position, it can abut against the blocking sleeve (21) and restrict the main drive (4) of the cutter disc lifting to drive the scraper assembly to retract into the cutter disc (6). When the movement of the main drive (4) of the cutter disc lifting and the cutter disc (6) is blocked by the blocking sleeve (21), the oil pipe (27), the fuel reaction chamber (25) of the upper piston and the fuel reaction chamber (26) of the lower piston all stop working.

8. The slag collection device for a full-face tunneling machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The main support shaft (15) is also equipped with a tunneling machine slag storage bin (13). The slag collection bin (5) inside the cutterhead is connected to the tunneling machine slag storage bin (13) through a lifting mechanism, and can transfer the rock debris in the slag collection bin (5) inside the cutterhead to the tunneling machine slag storage bin (13) through the lifting mechanism; and / or, The main support shaft (15) is also provided with support shoes (3), and two support shoes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main support shaft (15) and located at the upper end of the cutter head (6); the surface of the cutter head (6) is also provided with a hobbing cutter; and / or, The main support shaft (15) is also provided with a cutter head rotation drive mechanism (29), which is connected to the cutter head (6) and can drive the cutter head (6) to rotate around the axial direction of the main support shaft (15); the revolution speed of the cutter head (6) is 30 deg / s, and the rotation speed of the scraper chain (9) is 0.5 m / s; and / or, The main support shaft (15) is also provided with a cutter head main drive mechanism, which is connected to the cutter head (6) and can drive the cutter head (6) to perform rock breaking operations.

9. A control method for a slag collection device of a full-face tunneling machine for vertical shafts, characterized in that, The control method is applied to the slag collection device of the vertical shaft full-face tunneling machine according to any one of claims 1-8. The process includes the following: S1: The vertical shaft full-face tunneling machine performs rock breaking operations downward under the propulsion of the cutterhead main drive mechanism. During this process, some of the rock debris generated by rock breaking will slide to the bottom of the cutterhead (6) under its own weight and the inclination angle of the cutterhead (6). S2: After rock breaking continues for 25 to 30 minutes, the cutter head (6) stops rotating. After a 3-5 minute interval, the main drive (4) for lifting the cutter head starts working, driving the traction rope to tighten and lifting the cutter head (6) upward by 60 cm to 70 cm, so that the roller cutter on the cutter head (6) is removed from the working surface, and at the same time, the scraper assembly extends out of the surface of the cutter head (6). S3: After the scraper assembly extends, stand still for 3-5 minutes to observe whether the tunneling machine is in normal working condition. After confirming that everything is normal, start the rotation of the cutter head (6) and the rotation of the scraper chain (9) to start the scraping operation, so that the rock debris remaining on the surface of the cutter head (6) can slide down to the bottom of the cutter head (6) with the assistance of the scraper plate (10) of the scraper chain (9). S4: After the slag conveying operation lasts for 10 to 20 minutes, the slag scraping chain (9) stops rotating, the cutterhead (6) stops rotating, and is left to stand for 3 to 5 minutes to observe whether the tunneling machine is in normal condition. After confirming that the condition is normal, the main drive (4) of the cutterhead lifting mechanism drives the traction rope to loosen, which drives the cutterhead (6) to move downward so that the cutterhead contacts the working surface, and at the same time drives the slag scraping assembly to retract into the cutterhead (6). S5: Under the action of the scraper chain (9), the rock debris generated by rock breaking will slide down into the bottom of the cutter head (6). Some of the rock debris remaining on the scraper chain (9) will be collected by the scraper chain (9) into the slag collection bucket (5) inside the cutter head, and then lifted to the ground by the lifting mechanism inside the slag collection bucket (5) inside the cutter head. S6: After the scraper assembly retracts, let it stand for 3-5 minutes to observe whether the tunneling machine is in normal working condition. After confirming that everything is normal, start the cutterhead (6) to rotate and perform rock breaking with the roller cutter. Repeat the above five steps.

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