A rigid-flexible coupling energy-absorbing supporting device suitable for deep rock mass engineering

Abstract

The present application relates to coal mine safety supporting technical field, especially to a kind of rigid-flexible coupling energy-absorbing supporting device suitable for deep rock mass engineering.The technical scheme includes: telescopic protection component, telescopic protection component is fixedly installed between central defense shell and supporting shell component, telescopic protection component is in tensile state or normal state between central defense shell and supporting shell component, and energy-absorbing anchor net is fixedly installed between central defense shell and supporting shell component through telescopic protection component.The present application relies on the triangle formed by second hinged piece, first hinged rod and hollow support rod to conduct the deformation pressure of roadway to the end of triangle for pressure distribution using first sliding chute ejector pin or second sliding chute ejector pin, while first sliding chute ejector pin or second sliding chute ejector pin moves synchronously according to the deformation point of roadway pressure, thereby improving the use range of rigid-flexible coupling energy-absorbing technology, decomposing roadway pressure in multiple directions, and improving supporting effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine safety support technology, and in particular to a rigid-flexible coupling energy-absorbing support device suitable for deep rock mass engineering. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the mining depth of coal mines in my country is increasing at a rate of 8 to 12 meters per year, and the mining depth in eastern mines is developing at a rate of 10 to 25 meters per year. With the increase in mining depth, the deformation of the surrounding rock in the roadways is large (generally more than 500 mm, and the displacement of some roadways is as high as 3000 mm or more). Mining activities carried out in high ground stress environment and coal and rock mass space with nonlinear mechanical response, stress relief mining is a method to reduce the concentration of mining dynamic stress in deep working faces, reduce the risk of dynamic disasters during the mining process, and achieve safe and efficient mining. In the process of deep mining, the greater the burial depth, the more complex the mechanical behavior of the coal and rock mass will be. In this process, rigid-flexible coupling energy-absorbing support devices are mainly used to relieve pressure in the mining process, ensure the safety of mining in deep mining, and reduce the occurrence of floor heave due to large deformation of the roof and bottom plates and the rock mass on both sides.

[0003] The patent document with publication number CN106523003A discloses a rigid-flexible coupling energy-absorbing support technology suitable for deep mining roadways. This technology is applied during roadway excavation by installing anchor mesh and anchor rods (cables) on the top and sides of the roadway. The anchor mesh and anchor rods (cables) on the top of the roadway are connected by a prestressed plate. High pre-tension is then applied to the energy-absorbing threaded anchor rods and grouting anchor cables, followed by spraying of plain (or steel fiber) concrete. M-shaped steel strips are used to fix the energy-absorbing threaded anchor rods at the top corners and sides. This improves the tensile strength, bending strength, and stiffness of the roadway top and sides, enabling it to withstand greater surrounding rock deformation and resist impact loads such as internal rock fractures and rock bursts.

[0004] In the published patent document CN116181383A, an energy-absorbing support device based on energy-absorbing steel strip connection is disclosed. Each energy-absorbing anchor has an energy-absorbing tray at its bottom. The energy-absorbing anchors in each row are connected by a first energy-absorbing steel strip, which includes a strip-shaped steel strip. The strip has filling grooves on both sides in the width direction, and these grooves are arranged along the length direction of the strip. The filling grooves are filled with a three-stage energy-absorbing material. The energy-absorbing anchor passes through the energy-absorbing tray and the strip-shaped steel strip and is then placed on the anchor body. The energy-absorbing tray presses the strip-shaped steel strip firmly onto the anchor body. Thus, the first energy-absorbing steel strip connects multiple energy-absorbing anchors, improving support performance.

[0005] The above solution has the following drawbacks:

[0006] When the first publicly disclosed scheme was implemented, although it adopted rigid-flexible coupling energy-absorbing support technology, as the mining equipment moved during mining, the connection points between the energy-absorbing support device and the roadway surface would vibrate and deform due to impacts such as internal rock fractures and rock bursts. This caused the connection points to move or the pressure transmission to change. Therefore, the rigid-flexible coupling energy-absorbing support technology in the first publicly disclosed scheme, which uses conventional kinematic elastic dynamics modeling, could not make good use of the rigid-flexible coupling energy-absorbing technology to improve the energy absorption and pressure relief effects.

[0007] Therefore, this application proposes a rigid-flexible coupled energy-absorbing support device suitable for deep rock mass engineering. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to address the problem in the prior art where the pressure transmission point shifts during tunnel deformation, making it impossible to effectively absorb energy, and to propose a rigid-flexible coupling energy-absorbing support device suitable for deep rock engineering.

[0009] The technical solution of the present invention: A rigid-flexible coupled energy-absorbing support device suitable for deep rock engineering, comprising a support shell assembly and a central defensive shell disposed on the outer surface of the support shell assembly, and further comprising:

[0010] A telescopic protective assembly is fixedly installed between the central defensive shell and the support shell assembly. The telescopic protective assembly is in a stretched state or in a normal state between the central defensive shell and the support shell assembly. An energy-absorbing anchor net is fixedly installed through the telescopic protective assembly between the central defensive shell and the support shell assembly.

[0011] A triangular pressure-resistant component is fixedly installed at the bottom of the telescopic protective component, and the triangular pressure-resistant component and the telescopic protective component are set in a synchronous swaying state;

[0012] The triangular anti-compression component includes a hollow support rod. A central fitting block is slidably connected inside the hollow support rod. Two sets of first hinge rods and second hinge components are respectively hinged to both ends of the hollow support rod. The ends of the two sets of first hinge rods and second hinge components away from the hollow support rod are arranged in a hole-to-hole splicing configuration. The splicing points of the first hinge rods and second hinge components are tightened and fixed by screws and nuts. One set of first hinge rods and second hinge components is hinged to a first sliding groove top rod by a screw. A second sliding groove top rod is slidably connected inside the first sliding groove top rod. A sliding block and another set of first hinge rods and second hinge parts are connected by a screw to a second sliding groove top rod. The second sliding groove top rod is slidably connected to a second sliding block. The second sliding block, the center fitting plug and the first sliding block are arranged in a hole-to-hole aligned state. The second sliding block, the center fitting plug and the first sliding block are connected to a long cylindrical plug through a through-hole. The second sliding block, the center fitting plug and the center fitting plug are all provided with mounting holes of the same diameter. At the same time, the three mounting holes are aligned and the long cylindrical plug is inserted.

[0013] Optionally, the triangular compression-resistant component includes:

[0014] A telescopic compression bar is slidably installed between the inner walls of the first hinge rod and the second hinge member. The telescopic compression bar is used to increase the supporting force between the second hinge member and the first hinge rod, and to decompose and support the pressure transmitted between the second hinge member and the first hinge rod.

[0015] A limiting spring is fixedly installed at both ends of a telescopic compression rod.

[0016] Optionally, the telescopic protective component is flush with the energy-absorbing anchor mesh facing the roadway. The telescopic protective component and the energy-absorbing anchor mesh are attached to the inner wall surface of the roadway in an arc shape through a prestressed auxiliary clamp. The telescopic protective component is set in a tensile state between the two sets of energy-absorbing anchor meshes by the roadway deformation pressure.

[0017] Optionally, the support housing assembly includes:

[0018] Hollow clamping frame, the number of hollow clamping frames is multiple sets, and the multiple sets of hollow clamping frames are fixed to a prestressed plate by bolts at one end of the support shell assembly;

[0019] Energy-absorbing anchor bolts are fixedly installed on the top of the hollow clamping frame, and the number of energy-absorbing anchor bolts is the same as the number of hollow clamping frames. The energy-absorbing anchor bolts are further fixed by pouring concrete through the first drill hole opened in the inner wall of the roadway.

[0020] The energy-absorbing anchor cable is fixedly installed above the prestressed plate, and is further fixed by pouring concrete through a second borehole opened in the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0021] Optionally, the energy-absorbing anchor net is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the central defense shell and the support shell assembly. The number of prestressed plates is multiple sets, and the multiple sets of prestressed plates are distributed on the surface of the support shell assembly and the central defense shell. The energy-absorbing anchor net and the multiple sets of prestressed plates are in a fixed installation state.

[0022] Optionally, multiple sets of detachable mounting plates are fixedly installed at the bottom of the support shell assembly. The bottom of each detachable mounting plate is inserted into a mounting groove. A prestressed ring plate is inserted into the detachable mounting plate through the mounting groove. The outer surface of the detachable mounting plate is fixed to the prestressed ring plate through a threaded assembly. A mating collar is inserted into the inside of the prestressed ring plate. A hollow inner defense component is fixedly installed at the bottom of the prestressed ring plate through the mating collar. The hollow inner defense component, the mating collar, and the prestressed ring plate are sealed together with sealant.

[0023] Optionally, the hollow interior defense component includes:

[0024] A load-bearing rubber plate is provided below the top rod of the second sliding groove;

[0025] A hollow groove is formed inside a load-bearing rubber plate. The second sliding groove top rod is fitted with the hollow groove, and the hollow groove is pressed down by the compression of the second sliding groove top rod.

[0026] Optionally, the hollow internal defense component has a protrusion that slides internally, an arc-shaped airbag is fixedly installed at one end of the protrusion, a rubber support frame is fixedly installed at one end of the arc-shaped airbag, a prestressed support plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hollow internal defense component, the rubber support frame is slidably connected between the prestressed support plates, there are multiple sets of arc-shaped airbags, a rubber support frame is set between every two sets of arc-shaped airbags, a pressure changing component is fixedly installed at the bottom of the arc-shaped airbag, a rubber deformation ring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the pressure changing component, and limit stops are fixedly connected to both ends of the rubber deformation ring.

[0027] Optionally, the hollow internal defense component has an open concrete trough for pouring concrete inside, and multiple sets of coolant filling holes are opened inside the hollow internal defense component. The multiple sets of coolant filling holes are located directly below the pressure changing component, the rubber deformation ring and the limiting stop, and the number of arc-shaped airbags is the same as the number of coolant filling holes. A check valve is installed inside the coolant filling hole.

[0028] Optionally, a central positioning frame is fixedly connected to the bottom of the central defensive shell. A positioning slot is provided inside the prestressed ring plate. A sliding groove assembly is slidably connected inside the central positioning frame and the positioning slot. The hollow support rod is fixedly installed inside the sliding groove assembly. A sliding groove frame is fixedly installed inside the central positioning frame. A push rod is slidably connected inside the sliding groove frame. The push rod is fixedly installed at one end of the sliding groove assembly. A limiting insertion frame for limiting the sliding distance of the push rod is fixedly connected to one end of the sliding groove frame. A spring is fixedly connected inside the limiting insertion frame. The spring is fixedly installed at one end of the limiting insertion frame. An airbag is fixedly connected to the end of the limiting insertion frame away from the push rod. The airbag is fixedly installed inside the sliding groove frame. Multiple sets of tilting rods are hinged to the outer surface of the airbag. The same number of small springs are hinged to one end of the multiple sets of tilting rods. The multiple sets of small springs are fixedly installed inside the sliding groove frame.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0030] 1. The deformation pressure transmitted through the roadway is distributed to the end of the triangle formed by the second hinge, the first hinge rod and the hollow support rod. At the same time, the first sluice rod or the second sluice rod moves synchronously according to the roadway pressure deformation point, thereby improving the application range of the rigid-flexible coupling energy absorption technology, decomposing the roadway pressure in multiple directions and improving the support effect.

[0031] 2. When the pressure transmitted by the first sliding groove top rod between the second hinge and the first hinge rod is decomposed, the first hinge rod and the second hinge will be stretched inward along the surface of the hollow support rod. At the same time, the pressure between the second hinge and the first hinge rod is buffered by the limiting spring and the telescopic anti-compression rod, thereby improving the stability of the triangular pressure distribution.

[0032] 3. When the pressure changing component is pressed down by external pressure, the pressure changing component causes the rubber deformation ring to deform towards one end of the hollow inner defense component. The limiting stop limits the deformation gap of the rubber deformation ring and the pressing height of the pressure changing component. The rubber deformation ring and the pressure changing component expand outward, increasing the contact area between the coolant and the hollow inner defense component, so that the coolant can fully contact the inner wall of the hollow inner defense component, cooling the temperature inside and on the surface of the device, thereby extending the service life of the energy absorption support device and improving the heat dissipation effect of the support device.

[0033] 4. When the push rod relies on the spring to buffer and distribute the pressure on the telescopic protective component, the airbag buffers the pressure on the limit insertion frame. The airbag relies on the tilting rod to transmit the pressure to the small spring, thereby completing the buffering of the push rod vibration, thus improving the stability of the support component when distributing pressure. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the support shell assembly of the present invention is provided;

[0035] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the hollow defense component in this invention is provided;

[0036] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the central positioning frame of the present invention is provided;

[0037] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the hollow support rod of the present invention is provided;

[0038] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the limiting spring of the present invention is provided;

[0039] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the rubber load-bearing frame of the present invention is provided;

[0040] Figure 7 The present invention is given Figure 6 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0041] Figure 8 The present invention is given Figure 6 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0042] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the sliding groove assembly of the present invention is provided;

[0043] Figure 10 The present invention is given Figure 8 Enlarged view of point C in the middle;

[0044] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the coolant filling hole structure of the present invention is provided;

[0045] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the pressure changing component of the present invention is provided.

[0046] Reference numerals: 1. Support shell assembly; 2. Hollow locking frame; 3. Energy-absorbing anchor bolt; 4. Energy-absorbing anchor cable; 5. Central defensive shell; 6. Energy-absorbing anchor net; 7. Prestressed auxiliary clamp; 8. Telescopic protective assembly; 9. Interlocking collar; 10. Prestressed ring plate; 11. Detachable mounting plate; 12. Central positioning frame; 13. Positioning slot; 14. Hollow inner defensive assembly; 1401. Hollow groove; 1402. Load-bearing rubber plate; 15. Triangular compression-resistant assembly; 1501. Hollow support rod; 1502. First hinge rod; 1503. Second hinge; 1504. First sliding groove top rod; 1505. First sliding... 1506. Block; 1507. Long cylindrical insert rod; 1508. Center mating insert block; 1509. Second slide groove top rod; 15000. Telescopic anti-compression rod; 1510. Limiting spring; 1511. Second sliding block; 16. Installation groove; 17. Sliding groove assembly; 18. Concrete open groove; 19. Prestressed load-bearing plate; 20. Rubber load-bearing frame; 21. Arc-shaped airbag; 22. Pressure changing assembly; 23. Rubber deformation ring; 24. Push rod; 25. Sliding groove frame; 26. Limiting insert frame; 27. Spring; 28. Airbag; 29. ​​Inclined rod; 30. Small spring; 31. Coolant filling hole; 32. Limiting stop. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] This invention proposes a rigid-flexible coupled energy-absorbing support device suitable for deep rock engineering, comprising a support shell assembly 1 and a central defensive shell 5 disposed on the outer surface of the support shell assembly 1, as shown in the reference. Figure 1 The support shell assembly 1 and the central defensive shell 5 are the main support components that contact the inner wall of the tunnel. The support shell assembly 1 is made of fire-resistant material and also includes:

[0050] Telescopic protective component 8 is fixedly installed between the central defensive shell 5 and the support shell component 1. The telescopic protective component 8 is in a stretched state or in a normal state between the central defensive shell 5 and the support shell component 1. An energy-absorbing anchor net 6 is fixedly installed through the telescopic protective component 8 between the central defensive shell 5 and the support shell component 1. The telescopic protective component 8 is made of a plastic material and has elasticity.

[0051] The triangular pressure-resistant component 15 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the telescopic protective component 8. The triangular pressure-resistant component 15 and the telescopic protective component 8 are set in a synchronous swaying state. When the telescopic protective component 8 and the energy-absorbing anchor net 6 change position due to factors such as vibration and deformation of the inner wall of the roadway, the telescopic protective component 8 is deformed and pressured at the roadway contact point and sways. The triangular pressure-resistant component 15 is pressed against the inner wall of the telescopic protective component 8 and is the main component that bears the pressure of the roadway. Therefore, the triangular pressure-resistant component 15 and the telescopic protective component 8 can sway synchronously.

[0052] The triangular anti-compression component 15 includes a hollow support rod 1501. A central fitting block 1507 is slidably connected inside the hollow support rod 1501. Two sets of first hinge rods 1502 and second hinge members 1503 are respectively hinged to both ends of the hollow support rod 1501. The ends of the two sets of first hinge rods 1502 and second hinge members 1503 away from the hollow support rod 1501 are arranged in a hole-to-hole splicing manner. The splicing points of the first hinge rods 1502 and second hinge members 1503 are tightened and fixed by screws and nuts. The screws pass through the first hinge... The connecting hole between the connecting rod 1502 and the second hinge member 1503 has a threadless outer surface located inside the first hinge rod 1502 and the second hinge member 1503. The screw passes through the joint between the first hinge rod 1502 and the second hinge member 1503, and both ends are threaded for installing nuts. One set of joints between the first hinge rod 1502 and the second hinge member 1503 is hinged to a first sliding groove top rod 1504 via the screw. The connection between the screw and the first sliding groove top rod 1504 is threadless, while the screw passes through... The upper and lower ends of the first sliding groove top rod 1504 are positioned by nuts. The first sliding block 1505 is slidably connected inside the first sliding groove top rod 1504. The joint between the first hinge rod 1502 and the second hinge member 1503 is hinged to the second sliding groove top rod 1508 by screws. Similarly, the installation mode of the second sliding groove top rod 1508 is the same. The second sliding groove top rod 1508 is slidably connected inside the second sliding groove top rod 1508. The second sliding block 1511, the center fitting insert 1507 and the first sliding block 1505 are hole-to-hole aligned. With the holes aligned, the second sliding block 1511, the center mating insert 1507, and the first sliding block 1505 are connected to a long cylindrical insert 1506 through through-holes. The second sliding block 1511, the center mating insert 1507, and the center mating insert 1507 all have mounting holes of the same diameter. The three mounting holes are aligned and the long cylindrical insert 1506 is inserted. The long cylindrical insert 1506 passes through both ends of the first sliding block 1505 and the second sliding block 1511 and is positioned by threaded mounting nuts.

[0053] In this embodiment, reference Figure 1 , Figure 4-5As the telescopic protective component 8 deforms and shifts at the contact point with the inner wall of the tunnel, such as due to bottom bulging, and moves synchronously through the friction at the contact point, the first chute top rod 1504 shifts due to the transmission of the telescopic protective component 8. The second hinge 1503, the first hinge rod 1502, and the hollow support rod 1501 form a triangle. Since the first chute top rod 1504 is installed at the joint between the first hinge rod 1502 and the second hinge 1503, the first chute top rod 1504 transmits force to the first hinge rod 1502 and the second hinge 1503 via the screw connected to them. The force transmitted to the endpoint formed by the first chute top rod 1504, the first hinge rod 1502, and the second hinge 1503 is distributed to the left and right sides. The upper part bears the load, while the two waist supports decompose and disperse the pressure. To further explain, if the roadway pressure is large, as the first chute top rod 1504 deflects further with the pressure of the telescopic protective component 8 until the first chute top rod 1504, the first hinge rod 1502, and the second hinge member 1503 are aligned with the inner wall of the telescopic protective component 8, the end of the triangle formed by the second hinge member 1503, the first hinge rod 1502, and the hollow support rod 1501 becomes another support point, further decomposing the force. At the same time, the offset of the telescopic protective component 8 can transmit the pressure to the energy-absorbing anchor nets 6 at both ends. The energy-absorbing anchor nets 6 and other energy-absorbing components further buffer the force. Thus, when the roadway connection point moves or the pressure transmission changes, the force-bearing point of the energy-absorbing component moves synchronously, thereby decomposing the roadway pressure in multiple directions and improving the support effect.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] Based on Embodiment 1, the triangular compression-resistant component 15 includes:

[0056] A telescopic compression bar 1509 is slidably installed between the inner walls of the first hinge rod 1502 and the second hinge member 1503. The telescopic compression bar 1509 is used to increase the supporting force between the second hinge member 1503 and the first hinge rod 1502, and to distribute and support the pressure transmitted between the second hinge member 1503 and the first hinge rod 1502. (See reference) Figure 4-5 When the pressure transmitted by the first sliding groove top rod 1504 between the second hinge member 1503 and the first hinge rod 1502 is decomposed, the first hinge rod 1502 and the second hinge member 1503 will be stretched inward along the surface of the hollow support rod 1501, thus supporting the first hinge rod 1502 and the second hinge member 1503, decomposing part of the pressure, thereby improving the service life of the first hinge rod 1502 and the second hinge member 1503.

[0057] In this embodiment, the limiting spring 1510 is fixedly installed at both ends of the telescopic anti-compression rod 1509. When the second hinge 1503 and the first hinge rod 1502 directly bear pressure, the limiting spring 1510 buffers the tension of the second hinge 1503 and the first hinge rod 1502. At the same time, when the pressure transmitted between the second hinge 1503 and the first hinge rod 1502 due to the first sliding groove top rod 1504 is decomposed, the limiting spring 1510 and the telescopic anti-compression rod 1509 provide support and buffer the vibration during pressure decomposition, thereby improving stability.

[0058] The telescopic protective component 8 faces the roadway and is flush with the energy-absorbing anchor net 6. This flush alignment allows the telescopic protective component 8 and the energy-absorbing anchor net 6 to better withstand the external pressure transmitted from the roadway. The telescopic protective component 8 and the energy-absorbing anchor net 6 are attached to the inner wall surface of the roadway in an arc shape through the prestressed auxiliary clamp 7. The telescopic protective component 8 is stretched between the two sets of energy-absorbing anchor nets 6 due to the deformation pressure of the roadway. When the telescopic protective component 8 is stretched under pressure, it will transmit a portion of the pressure to the contacting energy-absorbing anchor net 6, using the rigid-flexible coupling energy absorption technology of the energy-absorbing component for buffering.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] Based on embodiment 1 or 2 above, the support shell assembly 1 includes:

[0061] Hollow clamping frame 2, there are multiple sets of hollow clamping frames 2, and prestressed plates are fixed to one end of the support shell assembly 1 by bolts.

[0062] Energy-absorbing anchor bolt 3 is fixedly installed on the top of the hollow clamping frame 2, and the number of energy-absorbing anchor bolts 3 is the same as the number of hollow clamping frames 2. The energy-absorbing anchor bolt 3 is further fixed by pouring concrete through the first borehole opened in the inner wall of the roadway.

[0063] Energy-absorbing anchor cable 4 is fixedly installed above the prestressed slab. The energy-absorbing anchor cable 4 is further secured by pouring concrete through a second borehole drilled into the inner wall of the tunnel. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The energy-absorbing anchor rod 3 and energy-absorbing anchor cable 4 are fixed with concrete and rely on prestressed plate to form a prestressed mechanism to resist and buffer the pressure of the roadway. At the same time, the supporting shell assembly 1 and energy-absorbing anchor net 6 and other mechanisms below can be positioned below the inner wall of the roadway.

[0064] In this embodiment, the energy-absorbing anchor mesh 6 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the central defensive shell 5 and the support shell assembly 1. Multiple sets of prestressed plates are distributed on the surfaces of the support shell assembly 1 and the central defensive shell 5. The energy-absorbing anchor mesh 6 and the multiple sets of prestressed plates are in a fixed installation state. The energy-absorbing anchor rods 3, energy-absorbing anchor cables 4, and energy-absorbing anchor mesh 6 are connected through the prestressed plates, causing the pressure in the roadway to be transmitted and distributed among the energy-absorbing anchor rods 3, energy-absorbing anchor cables 4, energy-absorbing anchor mesh 6, and the multiple sets of prestressed plates. Multiple sets of detachable mounting plates 11 are fixedly installed at the bottom end of the support shell assembly 1. The bottom end of each detachable mounting plate 11 has an insertion groove 16. A prestressed ring plate 10 is inserted into each detachable mounting plate 11 through the installation groove 16. The outer surface of the detachable mounting plate 11 is fixedly set to the prestressed ring plate 10 through a threaded assembly. An insertion collar 9 is inserted into the interior of the prestressed ring plate 10. (Reference) Figure 2 and Figure 3 After the insertion collar 9 is fixedly installed with the prestressed ring plate 10, it can be sealed with welding tools. At the same time, in order to improve the compressive strength between the prestressed ring plate 10 and the support shell assembly 1, compressive materials such as concrete can be filled between the prestressed ring plate 10 and the support shell assembly 1. The bottom end of the prestressed ring plate 10 is fixedly installed with a hollow inner defense component 14 through the insertion collar 9. The hollow inner defense component 14, the insertion collar 9 and the prestressed ring plate 10 are sealed with sealant. The installation of multiple components facilitates the transportation of each component and the installation of the support device.

[0065] Meanwhile, a central positioning frame 12 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the central defensive shell 5. A positioning slot 13 is provided inside the prestressed ring plate 10. A sliding groove assembly 17 is slidably connected inside the central positioning frame 12 and the positioning slot 13. A hollow support rod 1501 is fixedly installed inside the sliding groove assembly 17. A sliding groove frame 25 is fixedly installed inside the central positioning frame 12. A push rod 24 is slidably connected inside the sliding groove frame 25. The push rod 24 is fixedly installed at one end of the sliding groove assembly 17. A push rod 24 is fixedly connected to one end of the sliding groove frame 25 for pushing. The sliding distance limit of the push rod 24 is limited by a limiting engagement frame 26. A spring 27 is fixedly connected inside the limiting engagement frame 26. The spring 27 is fixedly installed at one end of the limiting engagement frame 26. An airbag 28 is fixedly connected to the end of the limiting engagement frame 26 away from the push rod 24. The airbag 28 is fixedly installed inside the sliding groove frame 25. Multiple sets of tilting rods 29 are hinged to the outer surface of the airbag 28. The same number of small springs 30 are hinged to one end of each set of tilting rods 29. The multiple sets of small springs 30 are fixedly installed inside the sliding groove frame 25. (Reference) Figure 9-10When the telescopic protective assembly 8 bears a large pressure and causes the second slide rail 1508 or the first slide rail 1504 to deflect, the hollow support rod 1501 bears the pressure and causes the sliding groove assembly 17 to slide along the track opened inside the central positioning frame 12 and the positioning slot 13. This allows the first slide rail 1504 and the second slide rail 1508 to stably follow the telescopic protective assembly 8 to resist the pressure transmitted after the deformation of the inner wall of the tunnel to the triangular endpoint formed by the second hinge 1503, the first hinge rod 1502, and the hollow support rod 1501. The sliding groove assembly 17 then drives the push rod 24 to slide along the inside of the limiting insertion frame 26. Two sets of limiting blocks are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the limiting fitting frame 26 facing the push rod 24, which restricts the sliding distance of the push rod 24, so that the sliding groove assembly 17 slides slightly within a specified range. The push rod 24 acts as a buffer and distributes the pressure on the telescopic protective assembly 8. At the same time, when the telescopic protective assembly 8 shakes with the first sliding groove top rod 1504 or the second sliding groove top rod 1508, the airbag 28 buffers the pressure on the limiting fitting frame 26. The airbag 28 transmits the pressure to the small spring 30 by means of the inclined rod 29, thereby completing the buffering of the push rod 24 when it vibrates, thus improving the stability of the support assembly when distributing pressure.

[0066] Example 4

[0067] Based on the above embodiment 1, the hollow interior defense component 14 includes:

[0068] The load-bearing rubber plate 1402 is located below the second slide top rod 1508, and the hollow inner defense component 14 is made of fire-resistant rubber material.

[0069] Hollow groove 1401 is formed inside the load-bearing rubber plate 1402. The second sliding groove push rod 1508 is fitted into the hollow groove 1401, and the hollow groove 1401 is pressed down by the second sliding groove push rod 1508. (Reference) Figure 7-8When the first sliding rod 1504 transmits pressure, the holes of the first sliding block 1505, the center engaging block 1507, and the second sliding block 1511 are aligned. When the second sliding rod 1508 bends, the first sliding block 1505 slides in the groove of the first sliding rod 1504. It first transmits the sliding pressure and the pressure that is synchronously deflected with the first sliding rod 1504 to the center engaging block 1507. When the center engaging block 1507 slides along the hollow support rod 1501, the second sliding block 1511 moves synchronously with the second sliding rod 1508 according to the pressure transmitted by the center engaging block 1507. The second sliding rod 1508 transmits the pressure to the hollow groove 1401. The hollow groove 1401 is squeezed downward according to the pressure transmitted by the second sliding rod 1508. The hollow groove 1401 plays a supporting role against the pressure above.

[0070] In this embodiment, the hollow internal defense component 14 has a protrusion slidably connected inside. An arc-shaped airbag 21 is fixedly installed at one end of the protrusion, and a rubber support frame 20 is fixedly installed at one end of the arc-shaped airbag 21. A prestressed load-bearing plate 19 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hollow internal defense component 14. The rubber support frame 20 is slidably connected between the prestressed load-bearing plates 19. There are multiple sets of arc-shaped airbags 21, with a rubber support frame 20 placed between every two sets of arc-shaped airbags 21. A pressure changing component 22 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the arc-shaped airbag 21. (Reference) Figure 6-8 The interior of the hollow groove 1401 is sealed between the hollow inner defense component 14 and the insertion collar 9. The protrusion slides along the interior of the hollow groove 1401, compressing the arc-shaped airbag 21, causing it to deform under pressure. Simultaneously, the arc-shaped airbag 21 transmits some pressure to another set of arc-shaped airbags 21 via the rubber support frame 20. A rubber deformation ring 23 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the pressure changing component 22, and limit stops 32 are fixedly connected to both ends of the rubber deformation ring 23, causing the pressure of the second sliding groove top rod 1508 to... The force is fully distributed to both ends of the hollow inner defense component 14. The pressure change component 22 and the rubber deformation ring 23 are squeezed by the arc-shaped airbag 21 to fully resist the pressure on the inner wall of the hollow inner defense component 14 and the prestressed components such as the prestressed load-bearing plate 19 around the multiple sets of arc-shaped airbags 21 inside the hollow inner defense component 14. Compared with the traditional method of relying only on the pressure resistance effect of the pressure-bearing position, the pressure is reasonably distributed and the overall resistance is relied on to resist pressure phenomena such as roadway floor heave, which can better improve the service life of the support device and enable deeper mining.

[0071] It should be noted that the quantity ratio and size of the arc-shaped airbag 21, triangular anti-compression component 15 and telescopic protective component 8 in this scheme diagram can be adjusted according to the depth of the roadway. For example, the mining depth of coal mines in my country is increasing at a rate of 8-12m per year, and the mining depth of mines in the east is developing at a rate of 10-25m per year. With the increase of mining depth, the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway is large (generally more than 500mm, and the displacement of some roadways is as high as 3000mm or more). In order to resist external pressure, multiple sets of arc-shaped airbags 21, triangular anti-compression components 15 and telescopic protective components 8 can be installed inside the roadway to resist deformation pressure, depending on the actual situation.

[0072] Meanwhile, the hollow internal defense component 14 has an open concrete trough 18 for pouring concrete. Multiple sets of coolant filling holes 31 are located inside the hollow internal defense component 14, directly below the pressure changing component 22, the rubber deformation ring 23, and the limiting stop 32. The number of arc-shaped airbags 21 is the same as the number of coolant filling holes 31. A check valve is installed inside each coolant filling hole 31. (See reference...) Figure 11-12 Workers can periodically inject coolant into the hollow inner defense component 14 through the check valve, that is, between the pressure change component 22 and the rubber deformation ring 23 and the hollow inner defense component 14, to replenish the support device periodically. The first and second disclosed solutions proposed in the background technology of this article use materials such as concrete and anchor mesh to improve stability. However, as the mine is developed, the mine pressure and ground temperature gradually increase. The above solutions rely on the properties of fireproof materials to resist high temperature. As the materials and support components are damaged due to the increase in mine pressure and ground temperature, the service life of the energy-absorbing support device will be accelerated.

[0073] When the pressure changing component 22 is in a downward deformation state, the pressure changing component 22 drives the rubber deformation ring 23 to deform towards one end of the hollow inner defense component 14. The limiting stop 32 limits the deformation distance of the rubber deformation ring 23 and the downward pressure height of the pressure changing component 22. The rubber deformation ring 23 and the pressure changing component 22 expand outward, increasing the contact area between the coolant and the hollow inner defense component 14. This allows the large amount of coolant filled inside the pressure changing component 22 and the rubber deformation ring 23 to fully contact the inner wall of the hollow inner defense component 14, absorbing the heat conducted through the inner wall of the tunnel, thereby extending the service life of the energy-absorbing support device and improving the heat dissipation effect of the support device.

[0074] The above specific embodiments are merely several optional embodiments of the present invention. Based on the technical solutions of the present invention and the relevant teachings of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can make various alternative improvements and combinations to the above specific embodiments.

Claims

1. A rigid-flexible coupled energy-absorbing support device suitable for deep rock engineering, comprising a support shell assembly (1) and a central defensive shell (5) disposed on the outer surface of the support shell assembly (1), characterized in that, Also includes: Telescopic protective assembly (8), which is fixedly installed between the central defensive shell (5) and the support shell assembly (1), is in a stretched state or normally set between the central defensive shell (5) and the support shell assembly (1), and an energy-absorbing anchor net (6) is fixedly installed between the central defensive shell (5) and the support shell assembly (1). The triangular anti-compression component (15) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the telescopic protective component (8), and the triangular anti-compression component (15) and the telescopic protective component (8) are set in a synchronous swaying state; The triangular anti-compression component (15) includes a hollow support rod (1501), and a central fitting block (1507) is slidably connected inside the hollow support rod (1501). Two sets of first hinge rods (1502) and second hinge pieces (1503) are respectively hinged to both ends of the hollow support rod (1501). The ends of the two sets of first hinge rods (1502) and second hinge pieces (1503) away from the hollow support rod (1501) are arranged in a hole-to-hole splicing manner. At the splicing point of one set of first hinge rods (1502) and second hinge pieces (1503), a first sliding groove top rod (1504) is hinged to the first sliding groove top rod (1504) by a screw. A first sliding block (1505) is slidably connected inside the first sliding groove top rod (1504). Another set of first hinge rods (1502) and second hinge parts (1503) are connected by a screw to a second sliding top rod (1508). The second sliding top rod (1508) is internally connected to a second sliding block (1511). The second sliding block (1511), the center fitting insert (1507) and the first sliding block (1505) are arranged in a hole-to-hole aligned state. The second sliding block (1511), the center fitting insert (1507) and the first sliding block (1505) are connected to a long cylindrical insert rod (1506) through a through-hole.

2. The rigid-flexible coupling energy-absorbing support device suitable for deep rock engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The triangular compression-resistant component (15) also includes: A telescopic compression bar (1509) is slidably installed between the inner walls of the first hinge rod (1502) and the second hinge member (1503). The telescopic compression bar (1509) is used to increase the supporting force between the second hinge member (1503) and the first hinge rod (1502) and to decompose and support the pressure transmitted between the second hinge member (1503) and the first hinge rod (1502). A limiting spring (1510) is fixedly installed at both ends of a telescopic compression bar (1509).

3. A rigid-flexible coupling energy-absorbing support device suitable for deep rock engineering according to claim 2, characterized in that, The telescopic protective component (8) faces the roadway and is flush with the energy-absorbing anchor net (6). The telescopic protective component (8) and the energy-absorbing anchor net (6) are attached to the inner wall surface of the roadway in an arc shape by a prestressed auxiliary clamp (7). The telescopic protective component (8) is set in a tensile state between the two sets of energy-absorbing anchor nets (6) by the roadway deformation pressure.

4. A rigid-flexible coupling energy-absorbing support device suitable for deep rock engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support shell assembly (1) includes: Hollow clamping frame (2), the number of hollow clamping frames (2) is multiple sets, and the multiple sets of hollow clamping frames (2) are fixed to one end of the support shell assembly (1) by bolts and have prestressed plates installed. Energy-absorbing anchor (3), the energy-absorbing anchor (3) is fixedly installed on the top of the hollow clamping frame (2), and the number of energy-absorbing anchors (3) is the same as the number of hollow clamping frames (2). The energy-absorbing anchor (3) is further fixed by pouring concrete through the first borehole opened in the inner wall of the roadway. Energy-absorbing anchor cable (4) is fixedly installed above the prestressed plate. The energy-absorbing anchor cable (4) is further fixed by pouring concrete through a second borehole opened in the inner wall of the roadway.

5. A rigid-flexible coupling energy-absorbing support device suitable for deep rock engineering according to claim 4, characterized in that, The energy-absorbing anchor net (6) is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the central defense shell (5) and the support shell assembly (1). There are multiple sets of prestressed plates, which are distributed on the surface of the support shell assembly (1) and the central defense shell (5). The energy-absorbing anchor net (6) and the multiple sets of prestressed plates are in a fixed installation state.

6. A rigid-flexible coupling energy-absorbing support device suitable for deep rock engineering according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bottom end of the support shell assembly (1) is fixedly installed with multiple sets of detachable mounting plates (11). The bottom end of the detachable mounting plate (11) is inserted with a mounting groove (16). The detachable mounting plate (11) is inserted with a prestressed ring plate (10) through the mounting groove (16). The outer surface of the detachable mounting plate (11) is fixed to the prestressed ring plate (10) through a threaded assembly. The inside of the prestressed ring plate (10) is inserted with a fitting collar (9). The bottom end of the prestressed ring plate (10) is fixedly installed with a hollow inner defense assembly (14) through the fitting collar (9). The hollow inner defense assembly (14), the fitting collar (9) and the prestressed ring plate (10) are sealed together with sealant.

7. A rigid-flexible coupled energy-absorbing support device suitable for deep rock engineering according to claim 6, characterized in that, The hollow interior defense component (14) includes: A load-bearing rubber plate (1402) is provided below the second slide top rod (1508); Hollow groove (1401) is formed inside the load-bearing rubber plate (1402). The second sliding groove top rod (1508) is set in a close fit with the hollow groove (1401). The hollow groove (1401) is set in a downward pressure state by the compression of the second sliding groove top rod (1508).

8. A rigid-flexible coupling energy-absorbing support device suitable for deep rock engineering according to claim 7, characterized in that, The hollow internal defense component (14) has a protrusion that slides inside. An arc-shaped airbag (21) is fixedly installed at one end of the protrusion. A rubber support frame (20) is fixedly installed at one end of the arc-shaped airbag (21). A prestressed support plate (19) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hollow internal defense component (14). The rubber support frame (20) slides between the prestressed support plates (19). There are multiple sets of arc-shaped airbags (21). A rubber support frame (20) is set between every two sets of arc-shaped airbags (21). A pressure changing component (22) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the arc-shaped airbag (21). A rubber deformation ring (23) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the pressure changing component (22). Limiting stops (32) are fixedly connected to both ends of the rubber deformation ring (23).

9. A rigid-flexible coupling energy-absorbing support device suitable for deep rock engineering according to claim 8, characterized in that, The hollow internal defense component (14) has an open concrete trough (18) for pouring concrete inside. The hollow internal defense component (14) has multiple sets of coolant filling holes (31) inside. The multiple sets of coolant filling holes (31) are located directly below the pressure change component (22), the rubber deformation ring (23) and the limiting stop (32). The number of arc-shaped airbags (21) is the same as the number of coolant filling holes (31). A check valve is installed inside the coolant filling holes (31).

10. A rigid-flexible coupling energy-absorbing support device suitable for deep rock engineering according to claim 6, characterized in that, A central positioning frame (12) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the central defensive shell (5). A positioning slot (13) is provided inside the prestressed ring plate (10). A sliding groove assembly (17) is slidably connected inside the central positioning frame (12) and the positioning slot (13). The hollow support rod (1501) is fixedly installed inside the sliding groove assembly (17). A sliding groove frame (25) is fixedly installed inside the central positioning frame (12). A push rod (24) is slidably connected inside the sliding groove frame (25). The push rod (24) is fixedly installed at one end of the sliding groove assembly (17). A device for pushing is fixedly connected at one end of the sliding groove frame (25). The rod (24) slides to limit the distance of the limiting insertion frame (26). The push rod (24) is located inside the limiting insertion frame (26) and is fixedly connected to a spring (27). The spring (27) is fixedly installed at one end of the limiting insertion frame (26). An airbag (28) is fixedly connected at the end of the limiting insertion frame (26) away from the push rod (24). The airbag (28) is fixedly installed inside the sliding groove frame (25). Multiple sets of tilting rods (29) are hinged to the outer surface of the airbag (28). The same number of small springs (30) are hinged to one end of the multiple sets of tilting rods (29). The multiple sets of small springs (30) are fixedly installed inside the sliding groove frame (25).

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