Methods for establishing and setting parameters of laser cladding process parameters

Abstract

This invention provides a method for establishing a laser cladding process parameter model and a parameter setting method, relating to the field of laser cladding processes. The method for establishing the laser cladding process parameter model includes: sequentially selecting one of the laser cladding process parameters as the sole experimental variable parameter, and conducting a single-factor experiment on a single-pass cladding layer. The laser cladding process parameters include laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding rate, and laser spot diameter. A set of cladding quality parameters for the single-pass cladding layer is obtained, including cladding width, cladding height, and dilution rate. Based on the set of cladding quality parameters, a laser cladding process parameter model is established. By applying the laser cladding process parameter model establishment method provided in this invention, a laser cladding process parameter calculation model can be established, thereby enabling low-cost and rapid setting of laser cladding process parameters, improving parameter accuracy, ensuring laser cladding quality, and increasing laser cladding efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cladding technology, and provides a method for establishing a laser cladding process parameter model and a parameter setting method. Background Technology

[0002] Laser cladding technology refers to a process in which a selected coating material is placed on the surface of the workpiece to be repaired. After being irradiated by a laser, the coating material and a thin layer on the workpiece surface melt simultaneously and solidify rapidly to form a surface coating with extremely low dilution that is metallurgically bonded to the workpiece substrate material. This significantly improves the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, oxidation resistance, and electrical properties of the substrate material surface. It is widely used in the surface repair of structural components in rail transit. For example, laser cladding technology can be used to repair the axle box of high-speed trains.

[0003] The setting of laser cladding process parameters directly determines the cladding quality. Currently, the formulation of laser cladding process parameters requires a large number of experiments and verifications to find the optimal parameters for repair work. This requires a lot of manpower, material costs, and management costs. Such empirical values ​​cannot effectively guarantee the quality of laser cladding and also affect the efficiency of laser cladding. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method for establishing a laser cladding process parameter model, which addresses the shortcomings of related technologies where laser cladding process parameters require extensive experimental verification, have low accuracy, and suffer from low laser cladding quality and efficiency. This method enables the establishment of a laser cladding process parameter calculation model, thereby allowing for low-cost and rapid setting of laser cladding process parameters, improving parameter accuracy, ensuring laser cladding quality, and increasing laser cladding efficiency.

[0005] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for setting laser cladding process parameters.

[0006] A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for establishing a laser cladding process parameter model, comprising:

[0007] One of the laser cladding process parameters was selected sequentially as the sole experimental variable to conduct single-factor experiments on a single cladding layer.

[0008] The laser cladding process parameters include laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding rate, and laser spot diameter.

[0009] Obtain a set of cladding quality parameters for a single cladding layer, wherein the cladding quality parameters include weld width, weld height, and dilution rate;

[0010] Based on the set of cladding quality parameters, a laser cladding process parameter model is established.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the laser cladding process parameter model is as follows:

[0012] D = 0.8 × X -2 ×K 1.8 +0.9×(3.5-R);

[0013] H = 0.4 × (X) -0.9 )×K 0.4 +0.2×(3.5-R);

[0014] W = 2.2 × (X) -0.5 )×K 0.4 -0.4×(3.5-R);

[0015] Where D is the dilution rate; H is the melting height; W is the melting width; X is the powder feed rate; K is the laser energy density, K = P / V, where P is the laser power and V is the scanning speed; and R is the laser spot diameter.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of sequentially selecting one of the laser cladding process parameters as the sole experimental variable parameter to conduct a single-factor test on a single-pass cladding layer includes:

[0017] Experimental numerical ranges were established for the laser power, the scanning speed, the powder feeding rate, and the laser spot diameter, respectively.

[0018] The range of values ​​in the experimental value pool for the laser power is 1700W to 2600W.

[0019] The numerical range of the test values ​​for the scanning speed is 350 mm / min to 600 mm / min;

[0020] The numerical range of the powder delivery rate in the test value pool is 6.36 g / min to 13.99 g / min;

[0021] The numerical range of the laser spot diameter in the numerical pool is 3.0 mm to 6.0 mm.

[0022] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of sequentially selecting one of the laser cladding process parameters as the sole experimental variable parameter to conduct a single-factor test on a single-pass cladding layer includes:

[0023] The scanning speed is set to 350 mm / min, the powder feeding rate is 11.45 g / min, and the laser spot diameter is 4.0 mm.

[0024] The laser power was set to 1700W, 2000W, 2300W, and 2600W in sequence, and single-factor tests of single-pass cladding layers were carried out respectively.

[0025] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of sequentially selecting one of the laser cladding process parameters as the sole experimental variable parameter to conduct a single-factor test on a single-pass cladding layer includes:

[0026] The laser power is set to 2000W, the powder feeding rate is 11.45 g / min, and the laser spot diameter is 4.0 mm.

[0027] The scanning speeds were sequentially set to 350 mm / min, 400 mm / min, 450 mm / min, 500 mm / min, 550 mm / min, and 600 mm / min, and single-factor tests of the single-pass cladding layer were conducted respectively.

[0028] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of sequentially selecting one of the laser cladding process parameters as the sole experimental variable parameter to conduct a single-factor test on a single-pass cladding layer includes:

[0029] The laser power is set to 2000W, the scanning speed to 350 mm / min, and the laser spot diameter to 4.0 mm.

[0030] The powder feeding rate was set to 6.36 g / min, 8.90 g / min, 11.45 g / min and 13.99 g / min in sequence, and single-factor tests of single-pass cladding layer were carried out respectively.

[0031] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of sequentially selecting one of the laser cladding process parameters as the sole experimental variable parameter to conduct a single-factor test on a single-pass cladding layer includes:

[0032] The laser power is set to 2000W, the scanning speed to 350 mm / min, and the powder feeding rate to 6.36 g / min;

[0033] The laser spot diameters were sequentially set to 3.0 mm, 3.5 mm, 4.0 mm, 4.5 mm, 5.0 mm, 5.5 mm, and 6.0 mm, and single-factor tests of single-pass cladding layers were conducted for each.

[0034] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for setting laser cladding process parameters, comprising:

[0035] Determine the morphological parameters of the workpiece to be repaired, wherein the morphological parameters to be repaired include melt width, melt height and dilution rate;

[0036] Based on the laser cladding process parameter model obtained by the laser cladding process parameter model establishment method in any embodiment of the first aspect described above, and the morphology parameters to be repaired, laser cladding process parameters are set, wherein the laser cladding process parameters include laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding rate and laser spot diameter.

[0037] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the laser power is set in the range of 1700-2600W, the scanning speed is set in the range of 360-600 mm / min, the powder feeding rate is set in the range of 6.36-13.99 g / min, and the laser spot diameter is set in the range of 3.0-6.0 mm.

[0038] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the laser cladding nozzle and the surface to be repaired of the workpiece is set in the range of 8-12 mm, the powder feeding gas flow rate is set in the range of 6-8 liters / minute, and the protective gas flow rate is set in the range of 30-40 liters / minute.

[0039] The above-described one or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects:

[0040] According to the laser cladding process parameter model establishment method provided in the first aspect of the present invention, the effects of laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding rate, and laser spot diameter on melt width, melt height, and dilution rate are tested respectively. The experimental results are then nonlinearly fitted to obtain the laser cladding process parameter model. Specifically, the laser cladding process parameters related to the experiment are first determined, including laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding rate, and laser spot diameter. Then, each of the above parameters is used as a unique variable to conduct single-factor experiments on a single-pass cladding layer. The single-pass cladding layer quality parameters such as melt width, melt height, and dilution rate are used as evaluation indicators to study the influence of a single parameter on the forming quality of the single-pass cladding layer. For example, to test the effect of laser power on the melt width, melt height, and dilution rate of a single-pass cladding layer, under the premise of a pre-set scanning speed, powder feeding rate, and laser spot diameter, laser power is used as the unique experimental variable. The effects of different laser powers on the melt width, melt height, and dilution rate of the single-pass cladding layer are tested respectively. The melt width, melt height, and dilution rate are used as evaluation indicators to analyze the influence law of laser power on the cladding quality of the single-pass cladding layer. After obtaining the set of cladding quality parameters for each parameter in a single cladding layer, the data is nonlinearly fitted to obtain a laser cladding process parameter model:

[0041] D = 0.8 × X -2 ×K 1.8 +0.9×(3.5-R);

[0042] H = 0.4 × (X) -0.9 )×K 0.4 +0.2×(3.5-R);

[0043] W = 2.2 × (X) -0.5 )×K 0.4 -0.4×(3.5-R);

[0044] Where D is the dilution rate; H is the melt height; W is the melt width; X is the powder feeding rate; K is the laser energy density, K = P / V, where P is the laser power and V is the scanning speed; and R is the laser spot diameter. The above model directly reflects the numerical correspondence between the dilution rate, melt height, melt width, powder feeding rate, laser energy density, and laser spot diameter. That is, when setting laser cladding process parameters, substituting the dilution rate, melt height, and melt width directly into the above calculation model allows for the direct determination of the parameter values ​​for the powder feeding rate, laser energy density, and laser spot diameter. Furthermore, the relationship between laser power and scanning speed can be determined from the laser energy density, thereby controlling the laser cladding equipment to perform laser cladding operations with the set parameters, improving the efficiency of laser cladding operations and ensuring cladding quality. In summary, by applying the laser cladding process parameter model establishment method provided in this embodiment of the invention, the establishment of a laser cladding process parameter calculation model is realized, thereby enabling low-cost and rapid setting of laser cladding process parameters, improving parameter accuracy, ensuring laser cladding quality, and increasing laser cladding efficiency.

[0045] According to the laser cladding process parameter setting method provided in the second aspect embodiment of the present invention, the laser cladding process parameters are calculated using a laser cladding process parameter model, wherein the laser cladding process parameter model is:

[0046] D = 0.8 × X -2 ×K 1.8 +0.9×(3.5-R);

[0047] H = 0.4 × (X) -0.9 )×K 0.4 +0.2×(3.5-R);

[0048] W = 2.2 × (X) -0.5 )×K 0.4 -0.4×(3.5-R);

[0049] When setting laser cladding process parameters, the dilution rate, melt height, and melt width are directly substituted into the aforementioned calculation model. This directly determines the parameter values ​​for powder feeding rate, laser energy density, and laser spot diameter. Furthermore, the relationship between laser power and scanning speed can be determined from the laser energy density, thereby controlling the laser cladding equipment to perform laser cladding operations according to the set parameters. This improves the efficiency of laser cladding operations and ensures cladding quality. In summary, the laser cladding process parameter setting method provided by this invention allows for low-cost and rapid setting of laser cladding process parameters, improving parameter accuracy, ensuring laser cladding quality, and increasing laser cladding efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0050] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or related technologies, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for establishing a laser cladding process parameter model provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the laser cladding process parameter setting method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure label:

[0055] 810, Processor; 820, Communication interface; 830, Memory; 840, Communication bus. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0057] like Figure 1 As shown, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for establishing a laser cladding process parameter model, comprising:

[0058] Step 100: Select one of the laser cladding process parameters as the sole experimental variable parameter and conduct a single-factor experiment on a single cladding layer.

[0059] The laser cladding process parameters include laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding rate, and laser spot diameter.

[0060] Step 200: Obtain the set of cladding quality parameters for a single cladding layer, wherein the cladding quality parameters include cladding width, cladding height, and dilution rate;

[0061] Step 300: Based on the set of cladding quality parameters, establish a laser cladding process parameter model.

[0062] In step 100, laser power refers to the energy output by the laser per unit time. Laser cladding is generally achieved by emitting a laser beam from a semiconductor or fiber laser. The scanning speed is the cladding length per unit time. The powder feeding rate refers to the amount of powder fed per unit time, which directly affects the cladding efficiency and cladding quality. The laser spot diameter refers to the size of the laser spot. The laser spot diameter has little effect on the cladding depth and height, but has a greater effect on the cladding width.

[0063] When testing the effect of laser power on the cladding quality of a single-pass cladding layer, the scanning speed, powder feed rate, and laser spot diameter are preset, and the laser power is used as the sole experimental variable to test the effects of different laser powers on the weld width, weld height, and dilution rate of the single-pass cladding layer. Similarly, when testing the effect of scanning speed on the cladding quality of a single-pass cladding layer, the same parameters are used.

[0064] In step 200, the cladding quality of a single cladding layer is evaluated by cladding width, cladding height, and dilution rate. Clamping width refers to the width of the metal powder on the workpiece surface after melting during the cladding process. Clamping height refers to the maximum height of the cladding layer beyond the workpiece cladding surface. Dilution rate refers to the degree of change in the alloy composition of the cladding layer caused by the mixing of the molten workpiece substrate during laser cladding, and is expressed as the percentage of the workpiece substrate alloy in the total cladding layer.

[0065] In step 300, a laser cladding process parameter model is established using a nonlinear data fitting method.

[0066] In an embodiment of the present invention, the laser cladding process parameter model is as follows:

[0067] D = 0.8 × X -2 ×K 1.8 +0.9×(3.5-R);

[0068] H = 0.4 × (X) -0.9 )×K 0.4 +0.2×(3.5-R);

[0069] W = 2.2 × (X) -0.5 )×K0.4 -0.4×(3.5-R);

[0070] Where D is the dilution rate in %; H is the melt height in millimeters; W is the melt width in millimeters; X is the powder feed rate in revolutions per minute; K is the laser energy density, K = P / V, where P is the laser power in W and V is the scanning speed in millimeters per minute, or millimeters per second; and R is the laser spot diameter in millimeters.

[0071] In an embodiment of the present invention, the step of sequentially selecting one of the laser cladding process parameters as the sole experimental variable parameter and conducting a single-factor experiment on a single-pass cladding layer includes:

[0072] Experimental numerical cells were established for laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding rate, and laser spot diameter, respectively.

[0073] The range of values ​​in the experimental value pool for laser power is 1700W to 2600W.

[0074] The numerical range of the scanning speed in the experimental value pool is 350 mm / min to 600 mm / min;

[0075] The numerical range of powder delivery rate in the test pool is 6.36 g / min to 13.99 g / min;

[0076] The numerical range of the laser spot diameter in the pool is 3.0 mm to 6.0 mm.

[0077] Since it's necessary to test the impact of each laser cladding process parameter on the quality of a single cladding layer and to compile a set of cladding quality parameters, it's essential to set a threshold for each process parameter. For each experiment, a specific value within the threshold is selected as the experimental parameter. Multiple values ​​can be selected within the threshold, allowing for multiple sets of experiments, thus obtaining more experimental data, improving the accuracy of the data, and reducing random errors.

[0078] In an embodiment of the present invention, the step of sequentially selecting one of the laser cladding process parameters as the sole experimental variable parameter and conducting a single-factor experiment on a single-pass cladding layer includes:

[0079] The scanning speed was set to 350 mm / min, the powder feed rate to 11.45 g / min, and the laser spot diameter to 4.0 mm.

[0080] The laser power was set to 1700W, 2000W, 2300W and 2600W in sequence, and single-factor tests of single-pass cladding layers were carried out respectively.

[0081] With a scanning speed of 350 mm / min, a powder feed rate of 11.45 g / min, and a laser spot diameter of 4.0 mm, a single-pass cladding layer single-factor test was conducted at a laser power of 1700 W. Then, maintaining the same scanning speed, powder feed rate, and laser spot diameter, a single-pass cladding layer single-factor test was conducted at a laser power of 2000 W. Similarly, maintaining the same scanning speed, powder feed rate, and laser spot diameter, a single-pass cladding layer single-factor test was conducted at a laser power of 2300 W. Finally, maintaining the same scanning speed, powder feed rate, and laser spot diameter, a single-pass cladding layer single-factor test was conducted at a laser power of 2600 W. Furthermore, multiple sets of tests can be conducted under the same laser power parameters to obtain more experimental data. Using the above-described method, numerical sets of the weld width, weld height, and dilution rate of a single-pass cladding layer can be obtained for laser powers of 1700W, 2000W, 2300W, and 2600W, respectively. In the embodiments of the present invention, data analysis shows that the weld width and dilution rate of the single-pass cladding layer both increase with increasing laser power, while the weld height shows no significant change.

[0082] When testing the effect of laser power on the cladding quality of a single-pass cladding layer, the scanning speed, powder feeding rate, and laser spot diameter can also be set to other values. For example, the scanning speed can be uniformly set to 400 mm / min, the powder feeding rate to 13.99 g / min, and the laser spot diameter to 5.5 mm. Then, the laser power can be set to 1700 W, 2000 W, 2300 W, and 2600 W, and single-factor tests of single-pass cladding layers can be conducted respectively.

[0083] In an embodiment of the present invention, the step of sequentially selecting one of the laser cladding process parameters as the sole experimental variable parameter and conducting a single-factor experiment on a single-pass cladding layer includes:

[0084] The laser power was set to 2000W, the powder feeding rate to 11.45g / min, and the laser spot diameter to 4.0mm.

[0085] The scanning speeds were set sequentially to 350 mm / min, 400 mm / min, 450 mm / min, 500 mm / min, 550 mm / min, and 600 mm / min, and single-factor tests of the single-pass cladding layer were conducted respectively.

[0086] With laser power set at 2000W, powder feed rate at 11.45 g / min, and laser spot diameter at 4.0 mm, a single-pass cladding layer single-factor test was conducted at a scanning speed of 350 mm / min. Then, maintaining the laser power at 2000W, powder feed rate at 11.45 g / min, and laser spot diameter at 4.0 mm, a single-pass cladding layer single-factor test was conducted at a scanning speed of 400 mm / min. Similarly, maintaining the laser power at 2000W, powder feed rate at 11.45 g / min, and laser spot diameter at 4.0 mm, a single-pass cladding layer single-factor test was conducted at a scanning speed of 450 mm / min. Single-factor experiments were conducted. The laser power was maintained at 2000W, the powder feed rate at 11.45 g / min, the laser spot diameter at 4.0 mm, and the scanning speed at 500 mm / min for a single-pass cladding layer experiment. The same experiment was also conducted with the laser power maintained at 2000W, the powder feed rate at 11.45 g / min, the laser spot diameter at 4.0 mm, and the scanning speed at 550 mm / min. Finally, the laser power was maintained at 2000W, the powder feed rate at 11.45 g / min, the laser spot diameter at 4.0 mm, and the scanning speed at 600 mm / min for another single-pass cladding layer experiment. Furthermore, multiple experiments could be performed at the same scanning speed parameters to obtain more experimental data. Using the above-described method, numerical sets of the weld width, weld height, and dilution rate of a single-pass cladding layer can be obtained at scanning speeds of 350 mm / min, 400 mm / min, 450 mm / min, 500 mm / min, 550 mm / min, and 600 mm / min, respectively. In the embodiments of the present invention, data analysis shows that the weld height and dilution rate of the single-pass cladding layer decrease with increasing scanning speed. When the laser power remains constant, the weld width does not exhibit a clearly consistent trend with increasing scanning speed.

[0087] When testing the effect of scanning speed on the cladding quality of a single-pass cladding layer, the laser power, powder feeding rate, and laser spot diameter can also be set to other values. For example, the laser power can be uniformly set to 2300W, the powder feeding rate to 13.99 g / min, and the laser spot diameter to 5.5 mm. Then, the scanning speed can be set to 350 mm / min, 400 mm / min, 450 mm / min, 500 mm / min, 550 mm / min, and 600 mm / min, and single-factor tests of the single-pass cladding layer can be conducted respectively.

[0088] In an embodiment of the present invention, the step of sequentially selecting one of the laser cladding process parameters as the sole experimental variable parameter and conducting a single-factor experiment on a single-pass cladding layer includes:

[0089] The laser power was set to 2000W, the scanning speed to 350 mm / min, and the laser spot diameter to 4.0 mm.

[0090] The powder feeding rates were set to 6.36 g / min, 8.90 g / min, 11.45 g / min, and 13.99 g / min respectively, and single-factor tests of single-pass cladding layers were conducted respectively.

[0091] With laser power of 2000W, scanning speed of 350 mm / min, and laser spot diameter of 4.0 mm, a single-factor test of the cladding layer was conducted at a powder feed rate of 6.36 g / min. Then, maintaining the same laser power of 2000W, scanning speed of 350 mm / min, and laser spot diameter of 4.0 mm, another single-factor test was conducted at a powder feed rate of 8.90 g / min. Similarly, maintaining the same laser power of 2000W, scanning speed of 350 mm / min, and laser spot diameter of 4.0 mm, yet another single-factor test was conducted at a powder feed rate of 11.45 g / min. Finally, maintaining the same laser power of 2000W, scanning speed of 350 mm / min, and laser spot diameter of 4.0 mm, yet another single-factor test was conducted at a powder feed rate of 13.99 g / min. Furthermore, multiple sets of tests can be conducted under the same powder feed rate parameters to obtain more experimental data. Using the above-described steps, numerical sets of the melt width, melt height, and dilution rate of a single-pass cladding layer can be obtained at powder feed rates of 6.36 g / min, 8.90 g / min, 11.45 g / min, and 13.99 g / min, respectively. In the embodiments of the present invention, data analysis shows that the melt height of the single-pass cladding layer increases with the increase of the powder feed rate, but the melt width does not show a significant change, and the dilution rate decreases with the increase of the powder feed rate.

[0092] When testing the effect of powder feeding rate on the cladding quality of a single cladding layer, the laser power, scanning speed, and laser spot diameter can also be set to other values. For example, the laser power can be uniformly set to 2300W, the scanning speed to 400 mm / min, and the laser spot diameter to 5.5 mm. Then, the powder feeding rates can be set to 6.36 g / min, 8.90 g / min, 11.45 g / min, and 13.99 g / min, and single-factor tests of single cladding layers can be conducted respectively.

[0093] In an embodiment of the present invention, the step of sequentially selecting one of the laser cladding process parameters as the sole experimental variable parameter and conducting a single-factor experiment on a single-pass cladding layer includes:

[0094] The laser power was set to 2000W, the scanning speed to 350 mm / min, and the powder feed rate to 6.36 g / min.

[0095] The laser spot diameters were sequentially set to 3.0 mm, 3.5 mm, 4.0 mm, 4.5 mm, 5.0 mm, 5.5 mm, and 6.0 mm, and single-factor tests of the single-pass cladding layer were conducted respectively.

[0096] With laser power set at 2000W, scanning speed at 350 mm / min, and powder feed rate at 6.36 g / min, a single-pass cladding layer single-factor test was conducted by adjusting the laser spot diameter to 3.0 mm. Then, maintaining the laser power at 2000W, scanning speed at 350 mm / min, and powder feed rate at 6.36 g / min, a single-pass cladding layer single-factor test was conducted by adjusting the laser spot diameter to 3.5 mm. Similarly, maintaining the laser power at 2000W, scanning speed at 350 mm / min, and powder feed rate at 6.36 g / min, a single-pass cladding layer single-factor test was conducted by adjusting the laser spot diameter to 4.0 mm. Finally, maintaining the laser power at 2000W, scanning speed at 350 mm / min, and powder feed rate at 6.36 g / min, a single-pass cladding layer single-factor test was conducted by adjusting the laser spot diameter to 4.0 mm. A single-factor test of the cladding layer was conducted with a powder feed rate of 6.36 g / min and a laser spot diameter of 4.5 mm. The test was repeated with the laser power maintained at 2000 W, a scanning speed of 350 mm / min, a powder feed rate of 6.36 g / min, and a laser spot diameter of 5.0 mm. Further tests were also conducted with the same laser spot diameter parameter to obtain more experimental data. Using the above-described method, numerical sets of the weld width, weld height, and dilution rate of a single-pass cladding layer can be obtained for laser spot diameters of 3.0 mm, 3.5 mm, 4.0 mm, 4.5 mm, 5.0 mm, 5.5 mm, and 6.0 mm, respectively. In the embodiments of the present invention, data analysis shows that the weld width of a single-pass cladding layer increases with the increase of the laser spot diameter, while the laser spot diameter has little effect on the weld depth and weld height. Increasing the laser spot diameter can reduce the dilution rate and decrease the number of cladding passes.

[0097] When testing the effect of laser spot diameter on the cladding quality of a single-pass cladding layer, the laser power, scanning speed, and powder feeding rate can also be set to other values. For example, the laser power can be uniformly set to 2300W, the scanning speed to 400 mm / min, and the powder feeding rate to 8.90 g / min. Then, the laser spot diameter can be set to 3.0 mm, 3.5 mm, 4.0 mm, 4.5 mm, 5.0 mm, 5.5 mm, and 6.0 mm, and single-factor tests of single-pass cladding layers can be conducted respectively.

[0098] According to the laser cladding process parameter model establishment method provided in the first aspect of the present invention, the effects of laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding rate, and laser spot diameter on melt width, melt height, and dilution rate are tested respectively. The experimental results are then nonlinearly fitted to obtain the laser cladding process parameter model. Specifically, the laser cladding process parameters related to the experiment are first determined, including laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding rate, and laser spot diameter. Then, each of the above parameters is used as a unique variable to conduct single-factor experiments on a single-pass cladding layer. The single-pass cladding layer quality parameters such as melt width, melt height, and dilution rate are used as evaluation indicators to study the influence of a single parameter on the forming quality of the single-pass cladding layer. For example, to test the effect of laser power on the melt width, melt height, and dilution rate of a single-pass cladding layer, under the premise of a pre-set scanning speed, powder feeding rate, and laser spot diameter, laser power is used as the unique experimental variable. The effects of different laser powers on the melt width, melt height, and dilution rate of the single-pass cladding layer are tested respectively. The melt width, melt height, and dilution rate are used as evaluation indicators to analyze the influence law of laser power on the cladding quality of the single-pass cladding layer. After obtaining the set of cladding quality parameters for each parameter in a single cladding layer, the data is nonlinearly fitted to obtain a laser cladding process parameter model:

[0099] D = 0.8 × X -2 ×K 1.8 +0.9×(3.5-R);

[0100] H = 0.4 × (X) -0.9 )×K 0.4 +0.2×(3.5-R);

[0101] W = 2.2 × (X) -0.5 )×K 0.4 -0.4×(3.5-R);

[0102] Where D is the dilution rate; H is the melt height; W is the melt width; X is the powder feeding rate; K is the laser energy density, K = P / V, where P is the laser power and V is the scanning speed; and R is the laser spot diameter. The above model directly reflects the numerical correspondence between the dilution rate, melt height, melt width, powder feeding rate, laser energy density, and laser spot diameter. That is, when setting laser cladding process parameters, substituting the dilution rate, melt height, and melt width directly into the above calculation model allows for the direct determination of the parameter values ​​for the powder feeding rate, laser energy density, and laser spot diameter. Furthermore, the relationship between laser power and scanning speed can be determined from the laser energy density, thereby controlling the laser cladding equipment to perform laser cladding operations with the set parameters, improving the efficiency of laser cladding operations and ensuring cladding quality. In summary, by applying the laser cladding process parameter model establishment method provided in this embodiment of the invention, the establishment of a laser cladding process parameter calculation model is realized, thereby enabling low-cost and rapid setting of laser cladding process parameters, improving parameter accuracy, ensuring laser cladding quality, and increasing laser cladding efficiency.

[0103] like Figure 2 As shown, a second aspect of the present invention provides a method for setting laser cladding process parameters, including:

[0104] Step 1000: Determine the morphological parameters of the workpiece to be repaired, including the melt width, melt height and dilution rate;

[0105] Step 2000: Based on the laser cladding process parameter model obtained by the laser cladding process parameter model establishment method in any embodiment of the first aspect above, and the morphology parameters to be repaired, set the laser cladding process parameters, wherein the laser cladding process parameters include laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding rate and laser spot diameter.

[0106] In step 1000, the required morphological parameters to be repaired by laser cladding can be determined according to the type of defects on the workpiece surface. The morphological parameters to be repaired include the required weld width, weld height and dilution rate. The defect types can be divided into different corrosion conditions such as scratches, rust, and pits.

[0107] In step 2000, after determining the weld width, weld height, and dilution rate, the above parameter values ​​can be directly substituted into the laser cladding process parameter model:

[0108] D = 0.8 × X -2 ×K 1.8 +0.9×(3.5-R);

[0109] H = 0.4 × (X) -0.9 )×K 0.4 +0.2×(3.5-R);

[0110] W = 2.2 × (X)-0.5 )×K 0.4 -0.4×(3.5-R);

[0111] Calculations are performed to obtain the laser energy density K, powder feed rate X, and laser spot diameter R, where K = P / V. Then, the laser power P and scanning speed V are adjusted according to the defect type. For example, when repairing a large area, a larger scanning speed can be selected to save laser cladding repair time and ensure a smaller deformation while keeping the laser energy density K constant; when repairing a thinner surface, a smaller laser power can be selected.

[0112] In embodiments of the present invention, a set of optimal laser cladding process parameter setting ranges are provided, namely, laser power setting range of 1700-2600W, scanning speed setting range of 360-600 mm / min, powder feed rate setting range of 6.36-13.99 g / min, and laser spot diameter setting range of 3.0-6.0 mm. Further, the distance between the laser cladding nozzle and the surface to be repaired on the workpiece is set range of 8-12 mm, the powder feed gas flow rate is set range of 6-8 L / min, and the protective gas flow rate is set range of 30-40 L / min. Based on the above parameter settings, an extremely low dilution rate can be obtained, while the cladding layer exhibits good fusion and meets performance requirements.

[0113] According to the laser cladding process parameter setting method provided in the second aspect embodiment of the present invention, the laser cladding process parameters are calculated using a laser cladding process parameter model, wherein the laser cladding process parameter model is:

[0114] D = 0.8 × X -2 ×K 1.8 +0.9×(3.5-R);

[0115] H = 0.4 × (X) -0.9 )×K 0.4 +0.2×(3.5-R);

[0116] W = 2.2 × (X) -0.5 )×K 0.4 -0.4×(3.5-R);

[0117] When setting laser cladding process parameters, the dilution rate, melt height, and melt width are directly substituted into the aforementioned calculation model. This directly determines the parameter values ​​for powder feeding rate, laser energy density, and laser spot diameter. Furthermore, the relationship between laser power and scanning speed can be determined from the laser energy density, thereby controlling the laser cladding equipment to perform laser cladding operations according to the set parameters. This improves the efficiency of laser cladding operations and ensures cladding quality. In summary, the laser cladding process parameter setting method provided by this invention allows for low-cost and rapid setting of laser cladding process parameters, improving parameter accuracy, ensuring laser cladding quality, and increasing laser cladding efficiency.

[0118] Figure 3 An example is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of an electronic device, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the electronic device may include: a processor 810, a communication interface 820, a memory 830, and a communication bus 840, wherein the processor 810, the communication interface 820, and the memory 830 communicate with each other through the communication bus 840. The processor 810 can call logical instructions in the memory 830 to execute the following methods:

[0119] Step 1000: Determine the morphological parameters of the workpiece to be repaired, including the melt width, melt height and dilution rate;

[0120] Step 2000: Based on the laser cladding process parameter model obtained by the laser cladding process parameter model establishment method in any embodiment of the first aspect above, and the morphology parameters to be repaired, set the laser cladding process parameters, wherein the laser cladding process parameters include laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding rate and laser spot diameter.

[0121] Furthermore, the logical instructions in the aforementioned memory 830 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to related technologies, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0122] This invention discloses a computer program product, which includes a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer program includes program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer is able to perform the method provided in any of the embodiments of the second aspect described above, for example including:

[0123] Step 1000: Determine the morphological parameters of the workpiece to be repaired, including the melt width, melt height and dilution rate;

[0124] Step 2000: Based on the laser cladding process parameter model obtained by the laser cladding process parameter model establishment method in any embodiment of the first aspect above, and the morphology parameters to be repaired, set the laser cladding process parameters, wherein the laser cladding process parameters include laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding rate and laser spot diameter.

[0125] On the other hand, embodiments of the present invention also provide a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor 810, is implemented to perform the transmission method provided in any of the embodiments of the second aspect described above, for example including:

[0126] Step 1000: Determine the morphological parameters of the workpiece to be repaired, including the melt width, melt height and dilution rate;

[0127] Step 2000: Based on the laser cladding process parameter model obtained by the laser cladding process parameter model establishment method in any embodiment of the first aspect above, and the morphology parameters to be repaired, set the laser cladding process parameters, wherein the laser cladding process parameters include laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding rate and laser spot diameter.

[0128] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0129] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the parts that contribute to the related technology, can be embodied in the form of software products. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0130] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for establishing a laser cladding process parameter model, characterized in that, include: One of the laser cladding process parameters was selected sequentially as the sole experimental variable to conduct single-factor experiments on a single cladding layer. The laser cladding process parameters include laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding rate, and laser spot diameter. Obtain a set of cladding quality parameters for a single cladding layer, wherein the cladding quality parameters include weld width, weld height, and dilution rate; Based on the set of cladding quality parameters, a laser cladding process parameter model is established; The laser cladding process parameter model is as follows: D=0.8×X -2 ×K 1.8 +0.9×(3.5-R); H=0.4×(X -0.9 )×K 0.4 +0.2×(3.5-R); W=2.2×(X -0.5 )×K 0.4 -0.4×(3.5-R); Where D is the dilution rate; H is the melting height; W is the melting width; X is the powder feed rate; K is the laser energy density, K=P / V, where P is the laser power and V is the scanning speed; and R is the laser spot diameter.

2. The method for establishing a laser cladding process parameter model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of sequentially selecting one of the laser cladding process parameters as the sole experimental variable parameter to conduct a single-factor experiment on a single cladding layer includes: Experimental numerical ranges were established for the laser power, the scanning speed, the powder feeding rate, and the laser spot diameter, respectively. The range of values ​​in the experimental value pool for the laser power is 1700W~2600W; The numerical range of the test values ​​for the scanning speed is 350 mm / min to 600 mm / min; The numerical range of the powder delivery rate in the test value pool is 6.36 g / min to 13.99 g / min; The numerical range of the laser spot diameter in the numerical pool is 3.0 mm to 6.0 mm.

3. The method for establishing a laser cladding process parameter model according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of sequentially selecting one of the laser cladding process parameters as the sole experimental variable parameter to conduct a single-factor experiment on a single cladding layer includes: The scanning speed is set to 350 mm / min, the powder feeding rate is 11.45 g / min, and the laser spot diameter is 4.0 mm. The laser power was set to 1700W, 2000W, 2300W, and 2600W in sequence, and single-factor tests of single-pass cladding layers were carried out respectively.

4. The method for establishing a laser cladding process parameter model according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of sequentially selecting one of the laser cladding process parameters as the sole experimental variable parameter to conduct a single-factor experiment on a single cladding layer includes: The laser power is set to 2000W, the powder feeding rate is 11.45 g / min, and the laser spot diameter is 4.0 mm. The scanning speeds were sequentially set to 350 mm / min, 400 mm / min, 450 mm / min, 500 mm / min, 550 mm / min, and 600 mm / min, and single-factor tests of the single-pass cladding layer were conducted respectively.

5. The method for establishing a laser cladding process parameter model according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of sequentially selecting one of the laser cladding process parameters as the sole experimental variable parameter to conduct a single-factor experiment on a single cladding layer includes: The laser power is set to 2000W, the scanning speed to 350 mm / min, and the laser spot diameter to 4.0 mm. The powder feeding rate was set to 6.36 g / min, 8.90 g / min, 11.45 g / min and 13.99 g / min in sequence, and single-factor tests of single-pass cladding layer were carried out respectively.

6. The method for establishing a laser cladding process parameter model according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of sequentially selecting one of the laser cladding process parameters as the sole experimental variable parameter to conduct a single-factor experiment on a single cladding layer includes: The laser power is set to 2000W, the scanning speed to 350 mm / min, and the powder feeding rate to 6.36 g / min; The laser spot diameters were sequentially set to 3.0 mm, 3.5 mm, 4.0 mm, 4.5 mm, 5.0 mm, 5.5 mm, and 6.0 mm, and single-factor tests of single-pass cladding layers were conducted for each.

7. A method for setting laser cladding process parameters, characterized in that, include: Determine the morphological parameters of the workpiece to be repaired, wherein the morphological parameters to be repaired include melt width, melt height and dilution rate; Based on the laser cladding process parameter model obtained by the laser cladding process parameter model establishment method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, and the morphology parameters to be repaired, laser cladding process parameters are set, wherein the laser cladding process parameters include laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding rate, and laser spot diameter.

8. The laser cladding process parameter setting method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The laser power setting range is 1700-2600W, the scanning speed setting range is 360-600 mm / min, the powder feeding rate setting range is 6.36-13.99 g / min, and the laser spot diameter setting range is 3.0-6.0 mm.

9. The laser cladding process parameter setting method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The distance between the laser cladding nozzle and the surface to be repaired on the workpiece is set to a range of 8-12 mm, the powder feeding gas flow rate is set to a range of 6-8 liters / minute, and the protective gas flow rate is set to a range of 30-40 liters / minute.

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