Hexagonal revetment brick and ecological revetment system based on the same

Abstract

This invention discloses a hexagonal slope protection brick, comprising a brick body and connectors. The brick body has an irregular hexagonal structure and consists of an outer shell and a planting trough, with the planting trough embedded in the hollow cavity of the outer shell. The height of the planting trough is the same as the depth of the hollow cavity of the outer shell, the depth of the planting trough cavity is less than the height of the planting trough, and the wall thickness of the planting trough is half the wall thickness of the outer shell. Connector slots are provided at the midpoint of the upper edge of each side of the outer shell and the planting trough. When the corresponding connector slots of the outer shell and the planting trough are fitted together, they conform to the shape of the connector, and the connector is embedded in the outer shell and the planting trough. The outer shell is fixedly connected to the planting trough in the groove. The bottom of the planting trough cavity has multiple permeable holes, and a permeable geotextile with the same size as the bottom of the planting trough cavity is laid on the permeable holes. There is a notch at the midpoint of the lower edge of each side of the planting trough, and a drainage hole corresponding to the notch is opened on the lower part of each side of the outer shell. The connecting surfaces of adjacent bricks are connected to each other, and the connecting holes and grooves on the corresponding outer shells are matched with each other and the shape of the connecting parts is consistent. The connecting parts are embedded in the grooves of the outer shells of adjacent bricks to fix the adjacent bricks. The drainage holes on the corresponding connecting surfaces of adjacent bricks are interconnected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a hexagonal slope protection brick, and also to an ecological slope protection system based on the aforementioned slope protection brick. Background Technology

[0002] Ecological slope protection refers to a collective term for various retaining, paving, and planting techniques used on slopes to increase slope stability and reduce soil erosion. Establishing a vegetation layer on slopes can better stabilize the slope, reduce soil erosion, and improve the slope's ecological environment. Existing ecological slope protection bricks are mostly hexagonal or rectangular bricks, and the bricks are often simply stacked together for connection, resulting in low stability between the bricks. Currently, slope protection projects using hexagonal or rectangular bricks as the material experience severe soil erosion within 1-3 years after construction, with soil loss typically reaching 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the brick's volume, and sometimes even 2 / 3 or higher. These bricks rely entirely on concrete for connection and stress; over time, natural concrete wear and tear, coupled with continuous erosion from soil erosion, cause individual bricks to detach from the overall structure, gradually damaging the entire slope and affecting its effectiveness and even stability. Therefore, stable connections between ecological slope protection bricks are crucial. Currently, most ecological slope protection brick drainage structures rely on horizontal drainage within the brick itself. Water only drains into adjacent bricks when the water level inside the brick exceeds the soil level in the planting trough and reaches the drainage holes. However, there are no vertical drainage measures for the planting soil within the brick. When there is excessive rainfall, rainwater cannot drain from the planting trough in time, leading to waterlogging. This waterlogging causes root rot in the plants, hindering their growth and development. It also reduces the cohesion and internal friction angle of the planting soil, accelerating soil erosion and significantly diminishing the slope protection effect. Therefore, timely drainage of water from the ecological slope protection bricks during rainfall is crucial. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Purpose of the Invention: The purpose of this invention is to provide a hexagonal slope protection brick. This brick has an irregular hexagonal structure. When laid flat on a slope, the brick's own weight generates a downward force along the slope. This force is transmitted through the support force and friction generated by the contact between the bricks. Compared to regular hexagonal bricks, the irregular hexagonal slope protection brick of this invention allows for a more diversified transmission direction of the weight component. Even when a brick is damaged, the overall slope protection structure still maintains good stability. It also reduces the risk of partial slippage of the bricks due to a single force transmission direction during rainwater erosion. This makes the overall slope protection structure more stable due to the more dispersed force transmission. Furthermore, adjacent bricks are fixedly connected by specific connectors, further effectively improving the stability of the overall slope protection structure. Another objective of this invention is to provide an ecological slope protection system based on the aforementioned hexagonal slope protection brick.

[0004] Technical Solution: The hexagonal slope protection brick of the present invention comprises a brick body and connectors. The brick body has an irregular hexagonal structure and consists of a cooperating outer shell and a planting trough. The planting trough is embedded in the hollow cavity of the outer shell. The height of the planting trough is the same as the depth of the hollow cavity of the outer shell, the depth of the planting trough cavity is less than the height of the planting trough, and the wall thickness of the planting trough is half the wall thickness of the outer shell. Connector holes and slots are provided at the midpoint of the upper edge of each side of the outer shell and the planting trough. The corresponding connector holes and slots of the outer shell and the planting trough are fitted together to match the shape of the connector. The outer shell and planting trough are joined together to form a fixed connection between the outer shell and the planting trough. The bottom of the planting trough cavity has multiple permeable holes, and a permeable geotextile with the same size as the bottom of the planting trough cavity is laid on the permeable holes. A notch is provided at the midpoint of the lower edge of each side of the planting trough, and a drainage hole corresponding to the notch is opened on the lower part of each side of the outer shell. The connecting surfaces of adjacent bricks are joined together with the connecting slots on the outer shell to form a shape consistent with the connecting parts. The connecting parts are embedded in the slots of the outer shell and the adjacent bricks to form a fixed connection between the adjacent bricks. The drainage holes on the corresponding connecting surfaces of adjacent bricks are interconnected.

[0005] The hexagonal brick includes two long sides: AB and BC; it also includes four short sides: AF, FE, ED, and DC; where AB=BC, AF=FE=ED=DC, and the length of the long side is 1.5 times the length of the short side; ∠ABC=∠AFE=∠EDC=120°, and the other interior angles are not 120°.

[0006] The connector is a monolithic component cast in concrete. The two parts of the connector, when cut along its central axis, are mirror-symmetrical, meaning that a cut along the central axis can divide it into two identical parts. Each part consists of two sets of opposite, parallel truncated pyramids and a cuboid. The overall length and the length of the widest side of the connector are consistent with the thickness of the outer shell wall. The height of the connector is consistent with the depth of the connector slot. The length of the cuboid is half the length of the widest side of the connector. The connector uses a mortise and tenon joint structure, a type of tenon joint that is large at both ends and narrow in the middle. The trapezoidal tenon allows for a high-strength connection between the two parts, preventing them from separating under stress. The height of the notch is consistent with the height of the drainage hole, and the width of the notch is consistent with the width of the drainage hole. The height of the notch is the difference between the height of the planting trough and the depth of the planting trough cavity.

[0007] The diameter of the permeable hole is no greater than 1 cm.

[0008] The area of ​​the permeable holes on the bottom plate of the planting trough cavity is 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of the area of ​​the bottom plate of the planting trough cavity.

[0009] The grass species planted in the planting troughs are a mixture of ryegrass, tall fescue, bermudagrass, and white clover.

[0010] The mixed grass species consist of the following proportions by weight: 30% ryegrass, 20% tall fescue, 30% bermudagrass, and 20% white clover. This proportion of grass species promotes the growth of each species, resulting in better plant growth and allowing rainwater to flow away from the slope without seeping into the soil.

[0011] Among them, the ecological slope protection system based on the above-mentioned hexagonal slope protection bricks includes hexagonal slope protection bricks covering the entire slope surface, as well as drainage ditches opened at the foot of the slope, purlin cage toe protection walls, and lattice beams symmetrically arranged on both sides of the slope surface. The purlin cage toe protection walls are set on the side wings of the drainage ditch near the slope side; the lattice beams extend from the top of the slope to the foot of the slope.

[0012] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: (1) All components of the slope protection brick of the present invention are cast in one piece of concrete and directly assembled on site, which can save on-site construction time; at the same time, the slope protection brick has an irregular hexagonal structure and adjacent bricks are fixedly connected by connectors, so the overall connection is firm and the bricks are not prone to falling off while laying quickly, thus effectively improving the connection stability between bricks. (2) The slope protection brick of the present invention first drains water vertically inside the brick, and then drains excess water through the through-hole and finally flows into the drainage ditch, which can effectively avoid the problem of plant root rot caused by excessive water accumulation in the planting trough and seepage into the slope soil; the slope protection brick of the present invention can effectively drain water, and at the same time, the accumulated water will not come into contact with the slope soil. The entire drainage process is carried out inside the slope protection brick, which can effectively prevent plant root rot and also prevent water from seeping into the slope soil, thus ensuring the slope protection effect, that is, it can prevent the slope soil from absorbing water and reducing the shear strength, thereby affecting the stability of the slope. (3) The outer shell of the slope protection brick and the planting trough of the present invention are detachably connected by connectors, so that the slope protection brick can be used for more than one growth cycle of the plant. When some plants die at the end of a growth cycle, the slope protection brick can regain its slope protection ability by replacing the corresponding planting trough, thus avoiding the need to lay the slope protection brick a second time. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the ecological slope protection system of the present invention installed on the slope body; Figure 2 A top view of the ecological slope protection system of the present invention installed on a slope; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hexagonal slope protection brick of the present invention; Figure 4A schematic diagram of the outer shell of the slope protection bricks; Figure 5 Schematic diagram I of the planting trough for slope protection bricks; Figure 6 Schematic diagram II of the structure of the planting trough for slope protection bricks; Figure 7 This diagram illustrates the connection between the planting trough and the outer casing, as well as the connection between the outer casings themselves. Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of the connector; Figure 9 This is a dimensional diagram of the outer shell of the slope protection bricks. Detailed Implementation

[0014] like Figures 3-9 As shown, the hexagonal slope protection brick of the present invention includes a brick body 14 and a connector 9. The brick body 14 has an irregular hexagonal structure and is composed of an outer shell 7 and a planting trough 8. The planting trough 8 is embedded in the hollow cavity of the outer shell 7. The outer shell 7 is a one-piece hexagonal concrete structure with dimensions satisfying AB=BC, AF=FE=ED=DC, ∠ABC=∠AFE=∠EDC=120°, the long side AB=BC=15cm, the short side AF=FE=ED=DC=10cm, the wall thickness of the outer shell 7 is 2cm, the wall thickness of the planting trough 8 is half the wall thickness of the outer shell 7, which is 1cm, and the depth of the hollow cavity of the outer shell 7 is 12cm. The planting trough 8 is a one-piece hexagonal concrete structure with an internal cavity depth of 11cm. The height of the planting trough 8 is consistent with the depth of the hollow cavity of the outer shell 7, which is 12cm. Each side has a connector slot 10 at the midpoint of its upper edge. The connector slots 10 of the outer shell 7 and the planting trough 8 are fitted together to match the shape of the connector 9. The connector 9 is embedded in the slot after the outer shell 7 and the planting trough 8 are fitted together to fix the outer shell 7 and the planting trough 8. The bottom of the planting trough 8 cavity has multiple permeable holes 12. A permeable geotextile 13 with the same size as the bottom of the planting trough 8 cavity is laid on the permeable holes 12. A notch 15 is provided at the midpoint of the lower edge of each side of the planting trough 8. A drainage hole 11 corresponding to the position of the notch 15 is opened on the lower part of each side of the outer shell 7. The connector slots 10 of the adjacent brick 14 are fitted together to match the shape of the connector 9. The connector 9 is embedded in the slot after the adjacent brick 14 and the outer shell 7 are fitted together to fix the adjacent brick 14. The drainage holes 11 of the corresponding connecting surfaces of the adjacent brick 14 are interconnected.

[0015] This invention modifies the condition that all six sides and six interior angles are equal based on the centrally symmetrical regular hexagonal slope protection brick to obtain the slope protection brick with an axisymmetric hexagonal shape. To meet the requirement of paving the slope surface, the hexagonal slope protection brick is designed to have three non-adjacent 120° interior angles, with the axis of symmetry passing through one of the 120° interior angles, and has four short sides of equal length (AF=FE=ED=DC) and two long sides of equal length (AB=BC). On the slope surface, a slope protection brick structure 31, consisting of three hexagonal slope protection bricks 3 arranged into a centrally symmetrical dodecagon, is widely laid (each pair of three hexagonal slope protection bricks 3 is connected by its long side). This design makes each group of slope protection brick structures 31 have a shape that is concave on the top and convex on both sides, thus providing better support for the upper and side slope protection bricks. At the same time, it increases the number of contact edges between each group of slope protection brick structures 31, allowing the pressure of adjacent bricks to be transmitted more dispersedly, thereby making the overall slope protection structure more stable due to the more dispersed transmission of force.

[0016] When rainfall causes excessive water in the planting trough 8, the water can be drained to the bottom of the outer shell 7 through the permeable geotextile 13 at the bottom of the planting trough 8. Excess water is conducted through the drainage hole 11, thereby effectively solving the problem of water accumulation inside the planting trough 8. The slope protection brick of the present invention can not only effectively drain excess water in the slope protection brick during rainfall, but also can be used for ecological slope protection in multiple growth cycles.

[0017] The permeable holes 12 are set on the bottom plate of the planting trough 8 cavity. The permeable holes 12 are several round holes with a diameter of no more than 1 cm. The opening area of ​​the permeable holes 12 on the bottom plate of the planting trough 8 cavity is 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of the area of ​​the bottom plate of the planting trough cavity.

[0018] The permeable geotextile 13 (water filter) is placed on the permeable hole 12 to prevent the soil in the planting trough 8 from being discharged with water through the permeable hole 12 and thus blocking the permeable hole 12. In order to prevent the permeable geotextile 13 from wrinkling during use, the permeable geotextile 13 is set to have 3 layers.

[0019] The two parts of connector 9, cut along the central axis, are mirror-symmetrical. Connector 9 consists of two opposing parallel truncated pyramids 91 and a cuboid 92. The cuboid 92 is located between the two truncated pyramids 91. The overall length and the length of the widest side (the long base of the truncated pyramid 91) of connector 9 are consistent with the wall thickness of outer shell 7. The overall length of connector 9 is 2cm, and the length of the widest side is 2cm. The height of connector 9 is consistent with the depth of connector slot 10, and the height of connector 9 is 1cm. The length and width of the middle cuboid are both 1cm. The height of notch 15 is the same as the height of drainage hole 11, and the width of notch 15 is the same as the width of drainage hole 11; the height of notch 15 is 1cm, and the width of notch 15 is 2cm. The distance between the bottom plate of planting trough 8 and the ground is higher than the distance between the bottom plate of outer shell 7 and the ground by the height of one drainage hole 11.

[0020] The grass species (plant 4) planted in planting trough 8 is a mixed grass species consisting of ryegrass, tall fescue, bermudagrass, and white clover. The mass proportions of each grass species in the mixed grass species are as follows: 30% ryegrass, 20% tall fescue, 30% bermudagrass, and 20% white clover. Ryegrass can cover the bottom surface in a short time, thereby effectively suppressing weed growth and preventing soil erosion, providing good environmental conditions for the successful planting of other grass species. After one or two years, the ryegrass gradually degenerates, while the tall fescue, bermudagrass, and white clover can continue to grow under the protection of the ryegrass. At the same time, because the legumes are tall, their photosynthesis is not affected by the grasses and they can coexist. Moreover, white clover has nitrogen-fixing function, which can provide a certain amount of nitrogen fertilizer for the tall fescue and bermudagrass, thus enabling the entire community to achieve a virtuous cycle.

[0021] like Figures 1-2 As shown, the ecological slope protection system of the present invention is installed on the slope body 1. The ecological slope protection system includes hexagonal slope protection bricks 3 covering the entire slope surface, drainage ditch 2 at the toe of the slope, a retaining wall 5, and lattice beams 6 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the slope surface. The retaining wall is set on the side wing of the drainage ditch near the slope side; the lattice beams 6 extend from the top of the slope to the toe of the slope. The drainage ditch 2 is located at the toe of the slope, collecting and draining water that seeps from the retaining wall 5 through the drainage holes 11 in the slope protection bricks 3; the retaining wall 5 is located at the toe of the slope, closely attached to the first row of slope protection bricks 3, and the gap between the retaining wall 5 and the first row of slope protection bricks 3 is filled with graded crushed stone, compacted and leveled; the lattice beams 6 are located on both sides of the slope surface, extending from the top of the slope to the toe of the slope, and connected to the drainage ditch 2 at the toe of the slope to form a whole.

[0022] The construction method of the ecological slope protection system of the present invention includes the following steps: Step 1: Level the slope surface. First, excavate the drainage ditch foundation at the toe of the slope. Then, pour concrete to build the foundation of the drainage ditch and the two side wings. Next, construct the retaining wall on the side wing of the drainage ditch near the slope. Step 2: Concrete the outer shell, planting trough, and connectors. Start laying the first row of slope protection bricks right next to the gabion retaining wall, and then lay them layer by layer upwards. When laying, first fix the outer shell of the slope protection bricks. After the adjacent outer shells are fixed with connectors, place the planting trough. Then fix the planting trough to the outer shell with connectors. Finally, place three layers of permeable geotextile at the bottom of the planting trough. Fill the gap between the bottom first row of slope protection bricks and the gabion retaining wall with graded crushed stone, and compact and level it. Step 3: After the entire slope is covered with slope protection bricks, that is, after the slope protection bricks are laid, pour a grid beam on both sides of the slope protection bricks, extending from the top of the slope to the drainage ditch at the bottom of the slope. At the slope protection bricks where the grid beams contact, fill the edges of the slope protection bricks with concrete to form a whole with the grid beams. The grid beams are connected to the drainage ditch at the bottom of the slope to make the entire slope protection structure a whole. Step 4: The grass seed used for planting in the planting troughs is a mixture of 30 wt% ryegrass, 20 wt% tall fescue, 30 wt% bermudagrass, and 20 wt% white clover. The seed should be mixed evenly with soil and fertilizer. After the slope protection bricks are laid flat, the seed should be manually sown across the entire slope from top to bottom to ensure even distribution. Any gaps in the planting troughs should be filled with loose soil. After filling, water the troughs once within 24 hours, watering twice a day until the seeds in each trough germinate and eventually grow into a lawn.

[0023] Slope protection projects using the slope protection bricks of this invention as slope protection materials will basically not experience soil erosion within 3 to 5 years after construction is completed, and the soil loss volume inside the ecological slope protection bricks is less than 5%.

Claims

1. A hexagonal revetment block characterised in that: Includes a brick body (14) and a connector (9). The brick body (14) has an irregular hexagonal structure and is composed of a shell (7) and a planting trough (8) that are connected to each other. The planting trough (8) is embedded in the hollow cavity of the shell (7). The height of the planting trough (8) is the same as the depth of the hollow cavity of the shell (7), the depth of the cavity of the planting trough (8) is less than the height of the planting trough (8), and the wall thickness of the planting trough (8) is half the wall thickness of the shell (7). A connector hole (10) is provided at the midpoint of the upper edge of each side of the shell (7) and the planting trough (8). The corresponding connecting slots (10) of the shell (7) and the planting trough (8) are fitted together and have the same shape as the connecting piece (9). The connecting piece (9) is embedded in the slot after the shell (7) and the planting trough (8) are fitted together, so that the shell (7) and the planting trough (8) are fixedly connected. The bottom plate of the cavity of the planting trough (8) is provided with multiple water-permeable holes (12). A permeable geotextile (13) with the same size as the bottom plate of the cavity of the planting trough (8) is laid on the water-permeable holes (12). A notch (15) is provided at the midpoint of the lower edge of each side of the planting trough (8). The lower part of each side of the shell (7) is opened at the position corresponding to the notch (15). The corresponding drainage holes (11); the connecting surfaces of adjacent bricks (14) are aligned with the connecting slots (10) on the outer shell (7) after being spliced ​​together, and the shape of the connecting piece (9) is consistent. The connecting piece (9) is embedded in the slots of the adjacent bricks (14) and the outer shell (7) after being spliced ​​together, so that the adjacent bricks (14) are fixedly connected. The drainage holes (11) on the corresponding connecting surfaces of adjacent bricks (14) are interconnected. When rainfall causes too much rainwater in the planting trough (8), the water is drained to the bottom of the outer shell (7) through the permeable geotextile (13) at the bottom of the planting trough (8). Excess water is conducted through the drainage holes (11). Finally, it flows into the drainage ditch; the hexagonal brick body (14) includes two long sides: AB and BC respectively; the hexagonal brick body (14) also includes four short sides: AF, FE, ED and DC respectively; among them, AB=BC, AF=FE=ED=DC, and the length of the long side is 1.5 times the length of the short side, ∠ABC=∠AFE=∠EDC=120°; on the slope, a slope protection brick structure (31) is laid in a group of centrally symmetrical dodecagons composed of three hexagonal slope protection bricks (3), and the long side is used as the connecting side between each pair of the three hexagonal slope protection bricks (3).

2. The hexagonal revetment block defined in claim 1, wherein: The two parts of the connector (9) cut along the central axis are mirror symmetrical. The connector (9) consists of two sets of opposite parallel quadrangular frustums (91) and a cuboid (92). The overall length and the length of the widest side of the connector (9) are consistent with the wall thickness of the outer shell (7). The height of the connector (9) is consistent with the depth of the connector slot (10). The length of the cuboid (92) is half the length of the widest side of the connector.

3. The hexagonal fagging block according to claim 1, wherein: The height of the notch (15) is the same as the height of the drain hole (11), and the width of the notch (15) is the same as the width of the drain hole (11); the height of the notch (15) is the difference between the height of the planting trough (8) and the depth of the planting trough (8) cavity.

4. The hexagonal fagging block according to claim 1, wherein: The diameter of the permeable hole (12) is no greater than 1 cm.

5. The hexagonal slope protection brick according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening area of ​​the permeable hole (12) on the bottom plate of the planting trough (8) is 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of the area of ​​the bottom plate of the planting trough (8).

6. The hexagonal slope protection brick according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grass species planted in the planting troughs consist of a mixture of ryegrass, tall fescue, bermudagrass, and white clover.

7. The hexagonal slope protection brick according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mass percentages of each grass species in the mixed grass species are as follows: 30% ryegrass, 20% tall fescue, 30% bermudagrass and 20% white clover.

8. The ecological slope protection system based on the hexagonal slope protection bricks as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It includes hexagonal slope protection bricks covering the entire slope, drainage ditches at the foot of the slope, purlin cage toe protection walls, and lattice beams symmetrically arranged on both sides of the slope. The purlin cage toe protection walls are set on the side wings of the drainage ditch near the slope side; the lattice beams extend from the top of the slope to the foot of the slope.

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