A shotcrete construction device and construction method with formwork

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of tunnel concrete construction technology, specifically a formwork-mounted shotcrete construction device and method. It includes an I-beam arch welded to the tunnel face and template units attached to two adjacent I-beam arches. Using a threaded straight rod snapped onto the inside of one I-beam arch and a bent clamp assembly snapped onto the outside of the other I-beam arch, individual templates can be attached to the inner arc surfaces of the two I-beam arches. When concrete is sprayed between the individual template and the tunnel face, the template will not detach from the two I-beam arches under stress. Simultaneously, after the concrete has initially set, the bent clamp assembly can be separated from the outside of the other I-beam arch and slid outwards, moving it away from the other I-beam arch. Then, the individual template can be pulled outwards, at which point the threaded straight rod separates from the inside of one I-beam arch. This allows for rapid template recycling, reduces concrete rebound, and saves costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel concrete construction technology, specifically a sprayed concrete construction device and method with formwork. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnels are an indispensable part of modern transportation systems, traversing hills, rivers, and other obstacles to provide people with a more convenient and efficient mode of transportation. Concrete is one of the most important materials in tunnel construction, widely used in the supporting structures inside and outside tunnels, such as vaults, vertical walls, and road surfaces.

[0003] Tunnel concrete construction generally follows these steps: First, accurately locate and mark the tunnel outline as designed, defining the construction area. Second, install the necessary formwork based on the outline markings to ensure accuracy and stability. Third, lay reinforcing mesh on the formwork according to design requirements to strengthen the concrete structure. Fourth, after mixing the concrete, spray it into the concrete, paying attention to vibration and compaction to ensure density and strength. Fifth, after pouring, perform curing treatments, including covering for insulation and water spraying, to ensure hardening and strength development. Finally, remove the formwork after the concrete has fully hardened, completing the construction process.

[0004] However, the rebound rate of shotcrete in domestic tunnel construction currently reaches 15%, resulting in significant over-concrete usage and greatly increased costs. This is especially true under adverse geological conditions, where the rebound rate further increases, leading to severe over-consumption, and in water-rich areas, the over-consumption rate can reach 2 to 3 times. Furthermore, mountain tunnels typically experience challenging environments characterized by extreme cold, large temperature differences, high ground temperatures, high ground stress, and abundant underground water, resulting in complex geological parameters. Cement-based materials face severe challenges during shotcrete construction. The slow development of shotcrete's inherent strength and the slow bond strength between the shotcrete and rock also prevent a complete solution to the problem of high rebound rates during shotcrete application.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a sprayed concrete construction device and construction method with a formwork. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background art is solved.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: a sprayed concrete construction device with formwork as described in this invention, comprising: The I-beam arches welded to the tunnel face and the template units attached to the inner arc surfaces of two adjacent I-beam arches; The adjustment unit is located on the centerline of the I-beam arch frame, and the adjustment unit is used to drive the template unit to slide on the inner arc surface of the I-beam arch frame; The template unit includes a single template, which is attached to the inner arc surface of two adjacent I-beam arch frames; It also includes a first fixing plate and a second fixing plate, wherein the first fixing plate is fixed to the inner side of the inner arc surface of the single template; and the second fixing plate is fixed to the outer side of the outer arc surface of the single template. A bent clamp assembly is connected through the first fixing plate, and the bent clamp assembly is used to clamp the outer side of the I-beam arch frame; The second fixing plate is threaded with a threaded straight rod, which is engaged with one of the adjacent I-beam arch frames.

[0008] Preferably, a threaded seat is fixedly connected to the center of the inner arc surface of the single template, and a rotating arm is threadedly fitted into the threaded seat; a screw is fixedly connected to the center of the rotating arm, and the rotating arm is threadedly fitted into the threaded seat via the screw; a hinged arm is slidably connected to one end of the rotating arm, and the two ends of the hinged arm are respectively hinged to one end of the rotating arm and the bending clamp assembly via pins; a handle is fixedly connected to the other end of the rotating arm; an oblong groove is formed at the end where the rotating arm intersects with the hinged arm, and the end of the hinged arm is slidably connected to the oblong groove via a pin.

[0009] Preferably, the bending clamp assembly includes a slide rod; one end of the slide rod is rotatably connected to a drive rod, and the slide rod and the drive rod pass through the first fixed plate; the bending clamp assembly also includes a bend, and the bend is used to clamp the outer side of the I-beam arch frame.

[0010] Preferably, a first spring is sleeved on the slide rod, and the two ends of the first spring are located between the pin and the first fixing plate; a first adjusting seat is fixedly connected to the side of the first fixing plate facing the bend, and the drive rod cooperates with the first section seat.

[0011] Preferably, the other end of the bend is slidably connected to an abutment, and the abutment is slidably connected in a movable groove inside the other end of the bend; a second spring is provided in the movable groove, and the two ends of the second spring are respectively fixed to the movable groove and the abutment.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom of the single template has an embedding groove, and a closing plate is movably connected in the embedding groove; a spring rod is fixedly connected to one side of the closing plate, and the spring rod passes through the single template; a connecting plate is fixedly connected to the outer end of the spring rod, and the connecting plate and the closing plate are respectively located on both sides of the single template; a blocking plate is fixedly connected to the top of the single template.

[0013] Preferably, the adjustment unit includes a second adjustment seat; a ratchet is rotatably connected to the top of the second adjustment seat, and a second gear is fixedly connected to the ratchet via a shaft; a pawl is rotatably connected to the second adjustment seat adjacent to the ratchet, and the pawl engages with the ratchet; a connecting arm is also rotatably connected to the top of the second adjustment seat; a first gear is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting arm adjacent to the second gear, and the first gear meshes with the second gear; the connecting arm is hinged to the single template; the second gear is driven by a drive unit.

[0014] Preferably, a connecting lug is fixedly connected to the inner arc surface of the single template, and the end of the connecting arm adjacent to the single template is bolted to the connecting lug; the first gear is located at the axis of the I-beam arch frame.

[0015] Preferably, a snap-fit ​​plate is fixedly connected to the top of the inner arc surface of the single template adjacent to the connecting ear, and a snap-fit ​​rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner arc surface of the single template; the snap-fit ​​rod on one of the single templates is snapped into the snap-fit ​​plate on the adjacent single template.

[0016] A method for constructing shotcrete with a formwork, the method comprising the following steps: S1: Erect two or three I-beam arch frames on the tunnel face; S2: Install templates between two adjacent I-beam arch frames, adjust the template positions, and perform mold spraying; S3: Determine whether the molding and spraying meet the design specifications. If not, repeat the molding and spraying process. S4: After the mold spraying meets the standard, move the template to the next position and repeat steps S2-S3.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The present invention discloses a shotcrete construction device and method with a formwork, which utilizes a threaded straight rod clamped to the inner side of one I-beam arch and a bent clamp assembly clamped to the outer side of another I-beam arch to attach a single formwork to the inner arc surface of the two I-beam arches. When the shotcrete is poured between the single formwork and the tunnel face, the single formwork will not detach from the two I-beam arches under stress. At the same time, after the concrete has initially set, the bent clamp assembly can be separated from the outer side of the other I-beam arch and slid outward to move it away from the other I-beam arch. Then the single formwork can be pulled outward. At this time, the threaded straight rod separates from the inner side of one I-beam arch, thereby quickly realizing the circulation of the formwork, reducing the rebound of concrete, and saving costs.

[0018] 2. In the shotcrete construction device and method with formwork described in this invention, when the drive rod penetrates the first fixed plate inward, the abutment on the drive rod slides in the threaded groove on the inner wall of the adjusting seat, causing the drive rod to rotate. This causes the bent part to rotate synchronously and press against the arc surface of another I-beam arch. That is, at this time, the bent part not only presses against the outer side of the I-beam arch but also against the arc surface of the I-beam arch. By pressing against the I-beam arch in two directions, the connection between the bent clamp assembly and the I-beam arch is made tight, thereby preventing the individual formwork from being separated from the I-beam arch under pressure. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 These are the top view and the cross-sectional view at position AA of the present invention; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of point I in the image; Figure 4 This is a side view of the present invention; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A cross-sectional view at position BB in the middle; Figure 6 This is a perspective view of the template unit in this invention; Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the fit between the template unit and the I-beam arch frame in this invention; Figure 8 This is an assembly diagram of the bending card assembly, rotating arm, and hinge arm in this invention; Figure 9 yes Figure 8 Side view; Figure 10 yes Figure 9 A cross-sectional view at position CC; In the diagram: 1. Tunnel face; 2. I-beam arch; 3. Second adjusting seat; 31. Connecting arm; 32. First gear; 33. Second gear; 34. Ratchet; 35. Pawl; 36. Drive unit; 4. Template unit; 41. Individual template; 42. First fixing plate; 43. Second fixing plate; 431. Threaded straight rod; 44. Closing plate; 441. Spring rod; 45. Connecting plate; 461. Connecting ear; 462. Snap-fit ​​plate; 463. Snap-fit ​​rod; 464. Threaded seat; 465. Blocking plate; 47. Rotating arm; 471. Screw; 472. Handle; 473. Oval groove; 48. Hinge arm; 49. Slide rod; 491. First spring; 492. Drive rod; 493. First adjusting seat; 494. Bend; 495. Contact part; 496. Movable groove; 497. Second spring. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0022] like Figures 1 to 5 , Figure 7 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides a sprayed concrete construction device with a formwork, comprising: The I-beam arch frame 2 welded to the tunnel face 1 and the template unit 4 attached to the inner arc surface of two adjacent I-beam arch frames 2; The adjustment unit is located on the centerline of the I-beam arch frame 2, and the adjustment unit is used to drive the template unit 4 to slide on the inner arc surface of the I-beam arch frame 2; The template unit 4 includes a single template 41, which is attached to the inner arc surface of two adjacent I-beam arch frames 2. It also includes a first fixing plate 42 and a second fixing plate 43. The first fixing plate 42 is fixed to the inner side of the inner arc surface of the single template 41; the second fixing plate 43 is fixed to the outer side of the outer arc surface of the single template 41. A bent clamp assembly is connected through the first fixing plate 42, and the bent clamp assembly is used to clamp the outer side of the I-beam arch frame 2; The second fixing plate 43 is threaded with a threaded straight rod 431, and the threaded straight rod 431 is engaged with one of the adjacent I-beam arch frames. In the embodiment of the present invention, in order to solve the problem of large rebound of existing concrete spraying, the template unit 4 in the formwork spraying concrete construction device provided by the present invention is first installed on the inner arc surface of two adjacent I-beam arch frames 2 when in use. By manually adjusting the position of the threaded straight rod 431 on the second fixing plate 43 in advance, the threaded straight rod 431 can be engaged with the inner side of one I-beam arch frame 2 when the template 41 is attached to the inner arc surface of the two I-beam arch frames 2. It is necessary to ensure that the bent clamping assembly is away from the outer side of the other I-beam arch frame 2, otherwise the template 41 cannot be directly attached to the inner arc surface of the two I-beam arch frames 2. The bent clamp assembly is then slid outwards towards the other I-beam arch 2, allowing it to engage with the outer side of the other I-beam arch 2. At this point, using the threaded straight rod 431 engaged with the inner side of one I-beam arch 2, in conjunction with the bent clamp assembly engaged with the outer side of the other I-beam arch 2, the individual formwork 41 can be attached to the inner arc surface of the two I-beam arch 2. Furthermore, when concrete is sprayed between the individual formwork 41 and the tunnel face 1, the individual formwork 41 will not detach from the two I-beam arch 2 under stress. Simultaneously, after the concrete has initially set, the bent clamp assembly can be separated from the outer side of the other I-beam arch 2 and slid outwards, moving it away from the other I-beam arch 2. Then, the individual formwork 41 can be pulled outwards, at which point the threaded straight rod 431 separates from the inner side of one I-beam arch 2. This allows for rapid reuse of the formwork, reduces concrete rebound, and saves costs. Among them, the inner side of two adjacent I-beam arch frames 2 is defined as the inner arc surface, and the corresponding outer side is defined as the outer arc surface; Compared to directly attaching the single formwork 41 to the two I-beam arch frames 2 from the inside using two threaded straight rods 431, firstly, at least one threaded straight rod 431 needs to be manually adjusted without a view in order to install it on the adjacent I-beam arch frame 2; secondly, it is inconvenient to dismantle, as there is no space to dismantle the threaded straight rod 431 after the concrete has initially set, making it impossible to remove the formwork. like Figures 5 to 6 As shown, a threaded seat 464 is fixedly connected to the center of the inner arc surface of the single template 41, and a rotating arm 47 is threadedly fitted into the threaded seat 464; a screw 471 is fixedly connected to the center of the rotating arm 47, and the rotating arm 47 is threadedly fitted into the threaded seat 464 via the screw 471; a hinged arm 48 is slidably connected to one end of the rotating arm 47, and the two ends of the hinged arm 48 are respectively hinged to one end of the rotating arm 47 and the bent clamp assembly via pins; a handle 472 is fixedly connected to the other end of the rotating arm 47; an oblong groove 473 is provided at the end where the rotating arm 47 intersects with the hinged arm 48, and the end of the hinged arm 48 is slidably connected to the oblong groove 473 via a pin. When using the rotating arm 47 in the sprayed concrete construction device with formwork provided by the present invention, the rotating arm 47 is first rotated clockwise. The rotating arm 47 and the screw 471 are connected by the hinge arm 48, so that the bending clamp assembly slides outward through the first fixed plate 42, so that the bending clamp assembly is separated from the other I-beam arch 2. This process can facilitate the attachment of the single template 41 to the inner arc surface of the two I-beam arch 2. After the single template 41 is attached to the inner arc surface of the I-beam arch 2, the rotating arm 47 is rotated counterclockwise. The rotating arm 47 and the hinge arm 48 pull the bent clip assembly inward and slide it onto the first fixed plate 42, so that the bent clip assembly is pressed against the other I-beam arch 2. Since the rotating arm 47 and the threaded seat 464 are threadedly engaged, when the bent clip assembly is pressed against the other I-beam arch 2, the locking is completed and the bent clip assembly will not loosen. In order to prevent the articulated arm 48 from jamming under the drive of the rotating arm 47, an oblong groove 473 is provided at the end of the rotating arm 47, which allows the articulated arm 48 to have a certain adjustment space when rotating.

[0023] like Figures 8 to 10 As shown, the bending clamp assembly includes a sliding rod 49; one end of the sliding rod 49 is rotatably connected to a driving rod 492, and the sliding rod 49 and the driving rod 492 pass through the first fixed plate 42; the bending clamp assembly also includes a bend 494, and the bend 494 is used to clamp the outer side of the I-beam arch frame 2; when the bending clamp assembly in the sprayed concrete construction device with formwork provided by the present invention is used, it is driven by the hinge arm 48 to slide inward through the first fixed plate 42, the sliding rod 49 and the driving rod 492 will pass through the first fixed plate 42, and the bend 494 will simultaneously move towards the outer side of another I-beam arch frame 2, and after the rotating arm 47 rotates counterclockwise continuously, it can abut against the outer side of another I-beam arch frame 2, and with the engagement of the threaded straight rod 431 with the inner side of an I-beam arch frame 2, the single template 41 can be tightly attached to the inner arc surface of the adjacent I-beam arch frame 2.

[0024] like Figures 5 to 6 , Figures 8 to 10 As shown, a first spring 491 is sleeved on the slide rod 49, and the two ends of the first spring 491 are located between the pin and the first fixing plate 42; a first adjusting seat 493 is fixedly connected to the side of the first fixing plate 42 facing the bend 494, and the drive rod 492 cooperates with the first adjusting seat 493. In the shotcrete construction device with formwork provided by the present invention, when the first spring 491 is in use, due to the counterclockwise rotation of the rotating arm 47, the sliding rod 49 and the drive rod 492 are driven by the hinge arm 48 to slide inward through the first fixed plate 42. The first spring 491 will be stretched and generate elastic potential energy. When the rotating arm 47 rotates clockwise, the elastic potential energy of the first spring 491 will drive the hinge arm 48 to quickly return to its original position. That is, the sliding rod 49 and the drive rod 492 drive the bend 494 to quickly separate from the outside of another I-beam arch 2, which facilitates the removal of the single formwork 41. The drive rod 492 is fixedly connected to the outside of a stop rod, and the stop rod is slidably connected in the first adjusting seat 493. The first adjusting seat 493 is provided with a threaded groove that cooperates with the stop rod.

[0025] To prevent the pressure exerted on the individual formwork 41 during concrete spraying from causing it to separate from the inner arc surface of the adjacent I-beam arch 2, resulting in a still large amount of concrete rebound, in this embodiment of the invention, when the drive rod 492 penetrates the first fixing plate 42 inward, the abutment inside the drive rod 492 is slidably connected to the threaded groove in the adjusting seat 493, causing the drive rod 492 to rotate. This causes the bend 494 to rotate synchronously and press against the arc surface of another I-beam arch 2. That is, at this time, the bend 494 not only presses against the outer side of the I-beam arch 2, but also presses against the side wall of the concave part of the I-beam arch 2. By pressing against the I-beam arch 2 in two directions, the connection between the bend assembly and the I-beam arch 2 is made tight, thereby preventing the individual formwork 41 from being separated from the I-beam arch 2 under pressure.

[0026] like Figures 9 to 10 As shown, the other end of the bend 494 is slidably connected to an abutment 495, and the abutment 495 is slidably connected in a movable groove 496 inside the other end of the bend 494; a second spring 497 is provided in the movable groove 496, and the two ends of the second spring 497 are respectively fixed to the movable groove 496 and the abutment 495. When the contact part in the sprayed concrete construction device with formwork provided by the present invention is in use, the bend 494 will gradually approach the outside of another I-beam arch 2 under the drive of the rotating arm 47 and the hinged arm 48. At this time, the contact part first contacts the outside of the I-beam arch 2, and then, under the continuous counterclockwise rotation of the rotating arm 47, the contact part will contact the outside of the I-beam arch 2, and under the reverse force, it will retract into the movable groove 496, while squeezing the second spring 497, causing the second spring 497 to generate elastic potential energy, which plays a certain buffering role.

[0027] like Figures 5 to 6As shown, the bottom of the single template 41 is provided with an embedding groove, and a closing plate 44 is movably connected in the embedding groove; a spring rod 441 is fixedly connected to one side of the closing plate 44, and the spring rod 441 passes through the single template 41; a connecting plate 45 is fixedly connected to the outer end of the spring rod 441, and the connecting plate 45 and the closing plate 44 are respectively located on both sides of the single template 41; a blocking plate 465 is fixedly connected to the top of the single template 41. When using the blocking plate 465 and closing plate 44 in the sprayed concrete construction device with formwork provided by the present invention, since two individual formworks 41 are generally set during installation and arranged adjacent to each other, the blocking plate 465 on the top of the bottom individual formwork 41 can be embedded in the embedding groove at the bottom of the top individual formwork 41 to realize the assembly of the two individual formworks 41. At the same time, the closing plate 44 is movably connected to the bottom of the individual formwork 41 through the spring rod 441, that is, the bottom of the bottom individual formwork 41 can be pressed against the inner arc surface of the I-beam arch 2 through the closing plate 44 to avoid concrete leakage. Among them, the closing plate 44 on the top individual formwork 41 can be retracted into the embedding groove when assembled with the blocking plate 465, and the connecting plate 45 is used to connect multiple spring rods 441, which are arranged at equal intervals.

[0028] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the adjustment unit includes a second adjustment seat 3; a ratchet 34 is rotatably connected to the top of the second adjustment seat 3, and a second gear 33 is fixedly connected to the ratchet 34 via a shaft; a pawl 35 is rotatably connected to the second adjustment seat 3 adjacent to the ratchet 34, and the pawl 35 engages with the ratchet 34; a connecting arm 31 is also rotatably connected to the top of the second adjustment seat 3; a first gear 32 is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting arm 31 adjacent to the second gear 33, and the first gear 32 meshes with the second gear 33; the connecting arm 31 is hinged to the single template 41; the second gear 33 is driven by a drive unit 36. In the second adjusting seat 3 of the sprayed concrete construction device with formwork provided by the present invention, the second gear 33 is driven to rotate by the driving unit 36, which in turn drives the first gear 32 to rotate. When the first gear 32 rotates, it can drive the connecting arm 31 to rotate. The connecting arm 31 is hinged to the single formwork 41, which can then drive the single formwork 41 to slide on the inner arc surface of the two I-beam arch frames 2. When the connecting arm 31 drives the single formwork 41 to slide, it first rotates the rotating arm 47 clockwise, so that the bending clamp assembly is separated from the outer side of the other I-beam arch frame 2. When the first gear 32 rotates, it is restricted by the ratchet 34 and the pawl 35, so that the first gear 32 can only rotate in one direction. The pawl 35 rotates on the second adjusting seat 3 via a shaft, and a torsion spring is sleeved on the shaft. In one embodiment of the present invention, the driving unit 36 ​​is specifically a throttle.

[0029] like Figures 5 to 6As shown, a connecting lug 461 is fixedly connected to the inner arc surface of the single template 41, and one end of the connecting arm 31 adjacent to the single template 41 is bolted to the connecting lug 461; the first gear 32 is located at the axis of the I-beam arch frame 2. The connecting lug 461 on the single template 41 can be hinged to one end of the connecting arm 31 to facilitate the connecting arm 31 to drive the single template 41 to slide on the adjacent I-beam arch frame 2, while the first gear 32 is set at the axis of the I-beam arch frame 2, so that when the connecting arm 31 rotates, it can drive the single template 41 to slide smoothly along the inner arc surface of the I-beam arch frame 2.

[0030] like Figures 5 to 6 As shown, a snap-fit ​​plate 462 is fixedly connected to the connecting ear 461 at the top of the inner arc surface of the single template 41, and a snap-fit ​​rod 463 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner arc surface of the single template 41; the snap-fit ​​rod 463 on one single template 41 snaps into the snap-fit ​​plate 462 on the adjacent single template 41. When the snap-fit ​​plate 462 and snap-fit ​​rod 463 in the sprayed concrete construction device with formwork provided by the present invention are in use, since the connecting arm 31 can only be connected to one single template 41, when one single template 41 is driven by the connecting arm 31 and slides on the inner arc surface of the I-beam arch 2, the two single templates 41 can be synchronously slid by the snap-fit ​​rod 463 on the two single templates 41 engaging with the snap-fit ​​plate 462; wherein, both single templates 41 need to release the bending snap-fit ​​assembly from the I-beam arch 2, but the bending snap-fit ​​assembly cannot be separated from the I-beam arch 2.

[0031] A method for constructing shotcrete with a formwork, the method comprising the following steps: S1: Erect two or three I-beam arch frames on the tunnel face; S2: Install formwork between two adjacent I-beam arch frames and adjust the position of the formwork before spraying. The initial spraying should be 3cm to ensure that the concrete adheres closely to the tunnel surface. Install two formwork panels, each approximately 30cm high. Aim the nozzle at the concrete tunnel surface and spray at an angle that is as vertical as possible, slightly tilting towards the already sprayed portion of the surface. Install the formwork while spraying, always maintaining a 30cm formwork height to ensure continuous spraying of concrete. S3: Determine whether the formwork spraying has met the design specifications. If not, repeat the formwork spraying. After the formwork spraying meets the specifications, wait 15 minutes for the concrete to set initially before removing the formwork and installing it in the next position to continue the concrete spraying operation. At the same time, when the formwork spraying reaches the arch top, reserve a sealing position for spraying concrete to seal the top, and spray the arch top completely and seal it tightly in 3 to 4 times. S4: After the mold spraying meets the standard, move the template to the next position and repeat steps S2-S3.

[0032] Working principle: In order to solve the problem of large rebound in existing concrete spraying, the template unit 4 in the sprayed concrete construction device with formwork provided by the present invention first installs the single template 41 on the inner arc surface of two adjacent I-beam arch frames 2. By manually adjusting the position of the threaded straight rod 431 on the second fixing plate 43 in advance, the threaded straight rod 431 can be locked on the inner side of one I-beam arch frame 2 when the single template 41 is attached to the inner arc surface of the two I-beam arch frames 2. It is necessary to ensure that the bent clamping component is far away from the outer side of the other I-beam arch frame 2, otherwise the single template 41 cannot be directly attached to the inner arc surface of the two I-beam arch frames 2. The bent clamp assembly is then slid outwards towards the other I-beam arch 2, allowing it to engage with the outer side of the other I-beam arch 2. At this point, using the threaded rod 431 engaged with the inner side of one I-beam arch 2, in conjunction with the bent clamp assembly engaged with the outer side of the other I-beam arch 2, the individual formwork 41 can be attached to the inner arc surface of the two I-beam arch 2. Furthermore, when concrete is sprayed between the individual formwork 41 and the tunnel face 1, the individual formwork 41 will not detach from the two I-beam arch 2 under stress. Simultaneously, after the concrete has initially set, the bent clamp assembly can be separated from the outer side of the other I-beam arch 2 and slid outwards, moving it away from the other I-beam arch 2. Then, the individual formwork 41 can be pulled outwards, at which point the threaded rod 431 separates from the inner side of one I-beam arch 2. This allows for rapid formwork recycling, reduces concrete rebound, and saves costs. The single formwork 41 is directly clamped to the two I-beam arch frames 2 from the inside by two threaded straight rods 431. First, at least one threaded straight rod 431 needs to be manually adjusted without a view in order to install it on the adjacent I-beam arch frame 2. Second, it is inconvenient to dismantle. After the concrete has initially set, there is no space to dismantle the threaded straight rod 431, which makes it impossible to remove the formwork. The single formwork 41 is directly clamped onto the two I-beam arch frames 2 from the outside using two bent clamp components. It is necessary to ensure that one bent clamp component is pre-adjusted and installed on one I-beam arch frame 2, and then the other bent clamp component is adjusted so that it is clamped onto the other I-beam arch frame 2. However, the bent clamp components also need to be fixed in the direction of the single formwork 41. Otherwise, the single formwork 41 will not be able to fit tightly against the inner arc surface of the adjacent I-beam arch frame 2 under pressure, resulting in a large amount of concrete rebound, which will increase costs. In addition, the single formwork 41 cannot achieve concrete shaping according to the design specifications, that is, the inner arc surface of the concrete exceeds the inner arc surface of the I-beam arch frame 2.

[0033] When in use, the rotating arm 47 is first rotated clockwise. The rotating arm 47 and the screw 471 drive the hinge arm 48 to rotate counterclockwise. Since the hinge arm 48 is hinged to the bending clamp assembly, when the hinge arm 48 rotates counterclockwise, the bending clamp assembly can be pushed outward and slid on the first fixed plate 42, so that the bending clamp assembly is separated from the other I-beam arch 2. This process can facilitate the attachment of the single template 41 to the inner arc surface of the two I-beam arch 2. After the single template 41 is attached to the inner arc surface of the I-beam arch 2, the rotating arm 47 is rotated counterclockwise. The rotating arm 47 drives the hinge arm 48 to rotate counterclockwise. At this time, the hinge arm 48 will pull the bent clip assembly to slide inward through the first fixed plate 42, and make the bent clip assembly abut against the other I-beam arch 2. Since the rotating arm 47 and the threaded seat 464 are threadedly engaged, when the bent clip assembly abuts against the other I-beam arch 2, the locking can be completed and the bent clip assembly will not loosen. In order to prevent the articulated arm 48 from jamming under the drive of the rotating arm 47, an oblong groove 473 is provided at the end of the rotating arm 47, which allows the articulated arm 48 to have a certain adjustment space when rotating.

[0034] When the bent clamp assembly is in use, it slides inward through the first fixed plate 42 driven by the hinge arm 48. The slide rod 49 and the drive rod 492 pass through the first fixed plate 42, and the bent part 494 moves towards the outside of another I-beam arch 2. After the rotating arm 47 rotates counterclockwise continuously, it can press against the outside of another I-beam arch 2. With the engagement of the threaded straight rod 431 with the inside of an I-beam arch 2, the single template 41 can be tightly attached to the adjacent I-beam. On the inner arc surface of the arch frame 2; as the rotating arm 47 rotates counterclockwise, the sliding rod 49 and the drive rod 492 are driven by the hinge arm 48 to slide inward through the first fixed plate 42. The first spring 491 will be stretched to generate elastic potential energy. When the rotating arm 47 rotates clockwise, the elastic potential energy of the first spring 491 will drive the hinge arm 48 to quickly return to its original position. That is, the sliding rod 49 and the drive rod 492 drive the bend 494 to quickly separate from the outer side of another I-beam arch frame 2, which facilitates the removal of the single template 41. To prevent the pressure exerted on the individual formwork 41 during concrete spraying from causing the individual formwork 41 to separate from the inner arc surface of the adjacent I-beam arch 2, resulting in a still large amount of concrete rebound, in this embodiment of the invention, when the drive rod 492 penetrates the first fixing plate 42 inward, the abutment inside the drive rod 492 is slidably connected to the threaded groove in the adjusting seat 493, causing the drive rod 492 to rotate, causing the bend 494 to rotate synchronously and press against the arc surface of another I-beam arch 2. That is, at this time, the bend 494 not only presses against the outer side of the I-beam arch 2, but also presses against the inner concave part of the I-beam arch 2. By pressing against the I-beam arch 2 in two directions, the connection between the bend clamp assembly and the I-beam arch 2 is made tight, thereby preventing the individual formwork 41 from being separated from the I-beam arch 2 under pressure.

[0035] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A sprayed concrete construction device with formwork, comprising: The I-beam arch frame (2) welded to the tunnel face (1) and the template unit (4) attached to the inner arc surface of two adjacent I-beam arch frames (2). The adjustment unit is set on the center line of the I-beam arch frame (2), and the adjustment unit is used to drive the template unit (4) to slide on the inner arc surface of the I-beam arch frame (2); Its features are: The template unit (4) includes a single template (41), which is attached to the inner arc surface of two adjacent I-beam arch frames (2); It also includes a first fixing plate (42) and a second fixing plate (43). The first fixing plate (42) is fixed to the inner side of the inner arc surface of the single template (41); the second fixing plate (43) is fixed to the outer side of the outer arc surface of the single template (41). A bent clip assembly is connected through the first fixing plate (42), and the bent clip assembly is used to snap onto the outside of the I-beam arch frame (2); The second fixing plate (43) is threaded with a threaded straight rod (431), and the threaded straight rod (431) is engaged with one of the adjacent I-beam arch frames; A threaded seat (464) is fixedly connected to the center of the inner arc surface of the single template (41), and a rotating arm (47) is threadedly fitted inside the threaded seat (464); a screw (471) is fixedly connected to the center of the rotating arm (47), and the rotating arm (47) is threadedly fitted to the threaded seat (464) via the screw (471); a hinged arm (48) is slidably connected to one end of the rotating arm (47), and the two ends of the hinged arm (48) are respectively hinged to one end of the rotating arm (47) and the bent clamp assembly via pins; a handle (472) is fixedly connected to the other end of the rotating arm (47); an oblong groove (473) is provided at the end where the rotating arm (47) intersects with the hinged arm (48), and the end of the hinged arm (48) is slidably connected to the oblong groove (473) via a pin; The bending clamp assembly includes a slide rod (49); one end of the slide rod (49) is rotatably connected to a drive rod (492), and the slide rod (49) and the drive rod (492) pass through the first fixed plate (42); the bending clamp assembly also includes a bend (494), and the bend (494) is used to clamp the outer side of the I-beam arch frame (2); A first spring (491) is sleeved on the slide rod (49), and the two ends of the first spring (491) are located between the pin and the first fixing plate (42); a first adjusting seat (493) is fixedly connected to the side of the first fixing plate (42) facing the bend (494), and the drive rod (492) cooperates with the first adjusting seat (493); The other end of the bend (494) is slidably connected to an abutment (495), and the abutment (495) is slidably connected in a movable groove (496) inside the other end of the bend (494); a second spring (497) is provided in the movable groove (496), and the two ends of the second spring (497) are respectively fixed to the movable groove (496) and the abutment (495). The bottom of the single template (41) is provided with an embedding groove, and a closing plate (44) is movably connected in the embedding groove; a spring rod (441) is fixedly connected to one side of the closing plate (44), and the spring rod (441) passes through the single template (41); a connecting plate (45) is fixedly connected to the outer end of the spring rod (441), and the connecting plate (45) and the closing plate (44) are located on both sides of the single template (41); a blocking plate (465) is fixedly connected to the top of the single template (41).

2. The sprayed concrete construction device with formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment unit includes a second adjustment seat (3); a ratchet (34) is rotatably connected to the top of the second adjustment seat (3), and a second gear (33) is fixedly connected to the ratchet (34) via a shaft; a pawl (35) is rotatably connected to the second adjustment seat (3) adjacent to the ratchet (34), and the pawl (35) engages with the ratchet (34); a connecting arm (31) is also rotatably connected to the top of the second adjustment seat (3); a first gear (32) is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting arm (31) adjacent to the second gear (33), and the first gear (32) meshes with the second gear (33); the connecting arm (31) is hinged to the single template (41); the second gear (33) is driven by a drive unit (36).

3. The sprayed concrete construction device with formwork according to claim 2, characterized in that: The single template (41) has a connecting ear (461) fixed on its inner arc surface, and the connecting arm (31) is bolted to the connecting ear (461) at one end adjacent to the single template (41); the first gear (32) is located at the axis of the I-beam arch frame (2).

4. The sprayed concrete construction device with formwork according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top of the inner arc surface of the single template (41) is fixedly connected to the connecting ear (461) with a snap-fit ​​plate (462), and the bottom of the inner arc surface of the single template (41) is fixedly connected with a snap-fit ​​rod (463); the snap-fit ​​rod (463) on one of the single templates (41) is snapped into the snap-fit ​​plate (462) on the adjacent single template (41).

5. A method for constructing shotcrete with a formwork, characterized in that: The construction method using the sprayed concrete construction apparatus with formwork as described in any one of claims 1-4 includes the following steps: S1: Erect two or three I-beam arch frames on the tunnel face; S2: Install templates between two adjacent I-beam arch frames, adjust the template positions, and perform mold spraying; S3: Determine whether the molding and spraying meet the design specifications. If not, repeat the molding and spraying process. S4: After the mold spraying meets the standard, move the template to the next position and repeat steps S2-S3.

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