Support shield device, load advancement method and support shield system

Abstract

This invention discloses a support and shield device, a load forward movement method, and a support and shield system. The support and shield device includes an upper roller, a front lower roller, a rear lower roller, a creeping and traction arm, a creeping hydraulic cylinder, a first brake, and a second brake. Through the cooperation of the upper roller, the front lower roller, and the rear lower roller, it provides excellent support and shielding between the roof and floor of a mine roadway. The rolling contact between the upper roller and the front and rear lower rollers allows the device to move the load in mine subsidence areas, capable of bearing top pressure loads on the order of 1000 tons, greatly improving the safety and efficiency of hydraulic support retraction. The alternating forward rolling of the front and rear lower rollers allows the support and shield device to switch between high and low support states, providing a certain pressure relief function and preventing jamming during load movement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine fully mechanized mining retreat protection technology, and in particular to a support and protection device, a load forwarding method, and a support and protection system. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in the removal of hydraulic supports in fully mechanized coal mining, methods such as using timber stacks or supporting logs are generally employed for protection before the hydraulic supports are moved out of the working face. This leads to the following problems: high timber consumption, high cost, labor-intensive and time-consuming process, and a significant waste of resources and the environment. Furthermore, the use of timber stacks requires workers to operate in extremely dangerous environments, resulting in frequent accidents. Poor support effectiveness often leads to problems such as hydraulic supports being buried by roof collapses, making the removal of hydraulic supports inefficient and fraught with danger and uncertainty.

[0003] Related technologies have also attempted to use shield supports similar to ordinary hydraulic supports, or to use single hydraulic support columns in conjunction with crossbeams for support and shielding. However, these methods generally suffer from poor support and shielding effects, dangerous operation, time and labor costs, and the support equipment is easily buried by roof collapses, resulting in low efficiency and high risk and uncertainty in the retreat work. In particular, the traditional processes and methods are becoming increasingly difficult to implement when facing the challenge of supporting and shielding the collapse edge of the triangular area of ​​the retreat working face. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art. To this end, embodiments of the present invention provide a support and cover device.

[0005] Embodiments of the present invention also provide a method for forwarding the load of a support shield device, and a support shield system having a support shield device.

[0006] The support and shield device of this invention is used for support between the roof and floor of a mine roadway, and includes: an upper roller, a front lower roller, and a rear lower roller. The upper roller, the front lower roller, and the rear lower roller are all horizontally arranged. The upper roller is located above the front lower roller and the rear lower roller and rolls in contact with each of them. The front lower roller and the rear lower roller are spaced apart in a forward direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the upper roller. The top of the upper roller abuts against the roof, and the bottoms of the front lower roller and the rear lower roller abut against the floor. A creeping and traction arm and a creeping hydraulic cylinder are also included. The support end of the creeping hydraulic cylinder is supported on the creeping and traction arm, and the extension end of the creeping hydraulic cylinder is connected to the rear lower roller. The rollers are hinged to push or pull the rear lower roller to roll forward in the forward direction. The creeping and traction arm is hinged to the rollers of the front lower roller to drive the front lower roller to roll forward in the forward direction. The front lower roller and the rear lower roller roll forward alternately in the forward direction to achieve stepping, while the support and cover device switches between a high support state and a low support state. A first brake and a second brake are provided. The first brake is connected to the rear lower roller and is used to abut against the base plate when the front lower roller rolls forward to prevent the rear lower roller from rolling backward. The second brake is connected to the front lower roller and is used to abut against the base plate when the rear lower roller rolls forward to prevent the front lower roller from rolling backward.

[0007] The support and shield device provided in this invention uses an upper roller, a front lower roller, and a rear lower roller to support the roof and floor of a mine roadway. It provides high support strength and enhances the supporting and shielding effect. Through the rolling contact between the upper roller and the front and rear lower rollers, the device can move loads within the mine's collapsed area, making it particularly suitable for moving loads from collapsed to uncollapsed areas. It can withstand top pressure loads on the order of 1000 tons. The rolling of the upper roller provides continuous support to the mine roof and isolates the collapsed and uncollapsed areas. This eliminates the need for previous methods of using various alternating shielding techniques to achieve unloaded forward movement of the shield device. It also completely abandons the outdated process of using timber stacks and logs as alternating shielding methods to replace the hydraulic support during withdrawal, saving significant manpower, resources, and time, and greatly improving the safety and efficiency of hydraulic support withdrawal operations.

[0008] Furthermore, the forward rolling motion of the front and rear lower rollers is achieved through a combination of creeping motion and the coordination of the traction arm and creeping hydraulic cylinder, providing a large driving force and preventing the device from jamming during the stepping process. Moreover, the alternating contact between the first and second braking components and the base plate ensures that the front and rear lower rollers can roll forward steadily and alternately, effectively preventing the device from slipping due to the interaction force between the front and rear lower rollers and causing the device to move backward.

[0009] Furthermore, due to the alternating forward rolling of the front and rear lower rollers, the support and protection device can switch between high and low support states, providing a certain pressure relief function and preventing jamming during load movement.

[0010] In some embodiments, the creeping hydraulic cylinder retracts to drive the front lower roller to roll forward, the creeping hydraulic cylinder extends to push the rear lower roller to roll forward, the first brake is used to abut against the base plate when the creeping hydraulic cylinder retracts, and the second brake is used to abut against the base plate when the creeping hydraulic cylinder extends.

[0011] In some embodiments, the creeping and traction arm includes a lower slide plate and a hydraulic cylinder protective cover. The rear end of the creeping hydraulic cylinder is supported on the upper surface of the lower slide plate, and the front end is hinged to the roller of the rear lower roller. The hydraulic cylinder protective cover is fastened above the creeping hydraulic cylinder and is hinged to the roller of the rear lower roller.

[0012] The first braking component is a tail anchor, which is hinged to the tail of the hydraulic cylinder protective cover and can rotate relative to it within a certain angle range. The tail anchor tilts backward and downward from the connection point with the hydraulic cylinder protective cover, and the bottom end of the tail anchor contacts the base plate so as to abut against the base plate when the hydraulic cylinder protective cover tends to move backward, and to disengage from the base plate when the hydraulic cylinder protective cover moves forward.

[0013] In some embodiments, the second braking element is a braking and lifting plate, which is hinged to the creeping and traction arm. The supporting and protective device further includes a driving element for driving the braking and lifting plate to swing relative to the creeping and traction arm, so that the braking and lifting plate can switch between a braking position and a non-braking position. In the braking position, the braking and lifting plate abuts against the base plate, and in the non-braking position, the braking and lifting plate disengages from the base plate.

[0014] In some embodiments, the driving component is a braking and lifting hydraulic cylinder, with both ends of the braking and lifting hydraulic cylinder being hinged to the rollers of the braking and lifting plate and the front lower roller, respectively. The braking and lifting hydraulic cylinder extends to push the braking and lifting plate to swing to the braking position, and the braking and lifting hydraulic cylinder retracts to pull the braking and lifting plate to swing to the non-braking position.

[0015] In some embodiments, the rear end of the braking and lifting plate is hinged to the creeping and traction arm; in the braking position, the braking and lifting plate forms an angle with the base plate and the front end of the braking and lifting plate abuts against the base plate; in the non-braking position, the front end of the braking and lifting plate disengages from the base plate. Alternatively, the front end of the braking and lifting plate is hinged to the creeping and traction arm; in the braking position, the braking and lifting plate forms an angle with the base plate and the rear end of the braking and lifting plate abuts against the base plate; in the non-braking position, the rear end of the braking and lifting plate disengages from the base plate.

[0016] In some embodiments, a first roller connecting frame and a second roller connecting frame are provided, wherein the first roller connecting frame is rotatably connected to each of the upper roller and the front lower roller, and the second roller connecting frame is rotatably connected to each of the upper roller and the rear lower roller.

[0017] In some embodiments, the ratio of the radius of the upper roller to the radius of the front lower roller is 1:1-4:1; and / or, the ratio of the radius of the upper roller to the radius of the rear lower roller is 1:1-4:1.

[0018] The load forward shifting method for the support and shielding device provided in this embodiment of the invention includes:

[0019] The support and shielding device is in a high-support state;

[0020] When the first brake is in a braking state, the creeping hydraulic cylinder extends or retracts, and the creeping and traction arm drives the lower front roller to roll forward, so that the upper roller moves forward and downward. The support height of the support shield device decreases and switches to a low support state.

[0021] When the second brake is in a braking state, the creeping hydraulic cylinder extends or retracts to drive the lower rear roller to roll forward, so that the upper roller moves forward and upward, the support height of the support and shield device rises, and it switches to a high support state, and the support and shield device achieves overall forward stepping.

[0022] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a support and cover system, characterized in that it includes: a support and cover device; a plurality of cover supports, wherein the plurality of cover supports and the support and cover device are arranged sequentially in a first horizontal direction, the first horizontal direction being orthogonal to the forward direction, the cover support includes a cover support frame and a push-pull device, the push-pull device being able to extend or retract relative to the cover support frame in a second horizontal direction perpendicular to the first horizontal direction, the cover support frame having a raised frame state supported on the top plate and a lowered frame state detached from the top plate; a powerful pushing beam, the powerful pushing beam being hinged to the front end of each of the plurality of push-pull devices and the support and cover device, the powerful pushing beam stepping along the forward direction under the push of the plurality of push-pull devices. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the support and cover system provided in the embodiment of the present invention in a roadway.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the composition and layout of the support and cover system provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the support and cover device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the support and cover device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the creeping function S1 process of the support and cover device provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the support and shielding device provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the support and cover system structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the S2 process of the support and cover system stepping forward function provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure label:

[0032] Top plate 001, bottom plate 002,

[0033] Support and cover device 100, upper roller 101, front lower roller 102, rear lower roller 103, first roller connecting frame 1041, second roller connecting frame 1042, front lower roller shaft 105, rear lower roller shaft 106, lower sliding plate 107, hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108, tail anchor 109, creeping hydraulic cylinder 110, braking and lifting plate 111, braking and lifting hydraulic cylinder 112, double hinge lug 113, creeping and traction arm 199.

[0034] First protective support 200, first protective support frame 201, first hydraulic support rod 2011, first top protective beam 2012, first push-pull device 202.

[0035] Second protective support 300, second protective support frame 301, second hydraulic support rod 3011, second top protective beam 3012, second push-pull device 302.

[0036] Powerful push beam 299

[0037] First traction protection bracket 400, second traction protection bracket 500

[0038] Hydraulic support row 600, hydraulic support to be withdrawn 601. Detailed Implementation

[0039] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0040] The following is based on Figures 1-8 This invention describes a support and shield device 100 provided in an embodiment of the invention. The support and shield device 100 is used to provide support between the roof 001 and the floor 002 of a mine roadway. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the support and cover device 100 includes an upper roller 101, a front lower roller 102, a rear lower roller 103, a creeping and traction arm 199, a creeping hydraulic cylinder 110, a first brake and a second brake.

[0041] The upper roller 101, the front lower roller 102, and the rear lower roller 103 are all horizontally arranged. The upper roller 101 is located above the front lower roller 102 and the rear lower roller 103 and rolls in contact with each of the front lower roller 102 and the rear lower roller 103. The rolling contact is that the outer peripheral surface of the upper roller 101 contacts the outer peripheral surface of each of the front lower roller 102 and the rear lower roller 103, and when either the front lower roller 102 or the rear lower roller 103 rolls, the upper roller 101 rotates in the opposite direction. The front lower roller 102 and the rear lower roller 103 are spaced apart in a forward direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the upper roller 101 (i.e., the axial direction of the front lower roller 102 or the axial direction of the rear lower roller 103). The upper roller 101 is located above the front lower roller 102 and the rear lower roller 103. The top of the upper roller 101 abuts against the top plate 001, while the bottom of the front lower roller 102 and the bottom of the rear lower roller 103 abut against the bottom plate 002.

[0042] Thus, the upper roller 101, the front lower roller 102, and the rear lower roller 103 support the tunnel roof 001 and the floor 002. After the upper roller 101 contacts the mine roof 001 and is loaded, the load is directly transmitted to the mine floor 002 through the front lower roller 102 and the rear lower roller 103. This reduces the load on the bearings connecting the roller connecting frame to the front lower roller 102 and the rear lower roller 103, making the support and shield device 100 capable of withstanding a support load on the order of 1,000 tons. Meanwhile, since the upper roller 101 rotates in the opposite direction to the front lower roller 102 and the rear lower roller 103 when the support and protection device 100 moves forward under load, that is, when the front lower roller 102 or the rear lower roller 103 rolls forward relative to the bottom plate 002, the upper roller 101 also rolls forward relative to the top plate 001. This avoids friction between the upper roller 101 and the top plate 001, thereby greatly reducing the traction force required for the upper roller 101 to move forward. Furthermore, the upper roller 101 rolls forward relative to the mine top plate 001, which can minimize frictional damage to the top plate 001 when the support and protection device 100 moves.

[0043] The support end of the creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 is supported on the creeping and traction arm 199. The extension end of the creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 is hinged to the roller of the rear lower roller 103 to push or pull the rear lower roller 103 to roll forward in the forward direction. The creeping and traction arm 199 is hinged to the roller of the front lower roller 102 to drive the front lower roller 102 to roll forward in the forward direction. That is, the relative position between the creeping and traction arm 199 and the front lower roller 102 is fixed, and the front lower roller 102 can roll forward under the action of the creeping and traction arm 199.

[0044] For example, such as Figures 3-5As shown, the supporting end of the creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 is its rear end, and the telescopic end is its front end. The creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 is located behind the rear lower roller 103. When the rear lower roller 103 is relatively stationary, the retraction of the creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 can drive at least a part of the creeping and traction arm 199 to move forward, thereby driving the front lower roller 102 to roll forward. When the front lower roller 102 is relatively stationary, the extension of the creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 can push the rear lower roller 103 to roll forward in the forward direction. Alternatively, the supporting end of the creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 is its front end, and the telescopic end is its rear end. The creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 is located in front of the rear lower roller 103. When the rear lower roller 103 is relatively stationary, the creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 extends to drive at least a part of the creeping and traction arm 199 to move forward. In turn, the creeping and traction arm 199 drives the front lower roller 102 to roll forward. When the front lower roller 102 is relatively stationary, the creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 retracts to pull the rear lower roller 103 to roll forward in the forward direction.

[0045] The front lower roller 102 and the rear lower roller 103 alternately roll forward in the forward direction to achieve stepping, while simultaneously switching the support shield device 100 between a high support state and a low support state. Specifically, as the front lower roller 102 and the rear lower roller 103 alternately roll forward, the front lower roller 102 and the rear lower roller 103 move closer or further apart in the forward direction. Since the upper roller 101 is located above the front lower roller 102 and the rear lower roller 103 and rolls in contact with them, when the front lower roller 102 and the rear lower roller 103 are relatively close, the upper roller 101 moves upward, and the overall height of the support shield device 100 increases until it reaches the high support state. When the front lower roller 102 and the rear lower roller 103 are relatively far apart, the upper roller 101 moves downward, and the overall height of the support shield device 100 decreases until it reaches the low support state.

[0046] It is understandable that the overall height of the support shield device 100 in the high-support state is higher than that in the low-support state. It is also understandable that the height of the support shield device 100 is related to the distance between the front lower roller 102 and the rear lower roller 103. Therefore, during the alternating forward rolling of the front lower roller 102 and the rear lower roller 103, the height of the support shield device 100 is appropriately adjusted (the transition between high-support and low-support states), preventing the support shield device 100 from being jammed when the roof 001 presses down or when the roadway undulates, and enabling the support shield device 100 to have a certain pressure-relief function.

[0047] The first braking element is connected to the rear lower roller 103 and is used to abut against the base plate 002 when the front lower roller 102 rolls forward to prevent the rear lower roller 103 from rolling backward. The second braking element is connected to the front lower roller 102 and is used to abut against the base plate 002 when the rear lower roller 103 rolls forward to prevent the front lower roller 102 from rolling backward. In other words, when the front lower roller 102 rolls forward, by making the first braking element abut against the base plate 002, the rear lower roller 103 can be prevented from rolling backward, thereby keeping the relative position of the rear lower roller 103 unchanged. The creeping hydraulic cylinder 110, supported by the rear lower roller 103, extends or retracts to drive at least a part of the creeping and traction arm 199 and the front lower roller 102 to move forward. When the rear lower roller 103 rolls forward, the second brake abuts against the base plate 002, preventing the front lower roller 102 from rolling backward. This keeps the relative position of the front lower roller 102 and at least a portion of the creeping and traction arm 199 unchanged. The creeping hydraulic cylinder 110, supported by at least a portion of the creeping and traction arm 199, extends or retracts to drive the rear lower roller 103 to roll forward.

[0048] The support and shield device provided in this invention uses an upper roller, a front lower roller, and a rear lower roller to support the roof and floor of a mine roadway. It provides high support strength and enhances the supporting and shielding effect. Through the rolling contact between the upper roller and the front and rear lower rollers, the device can move loads within the mine's collapsed area, making it particularly suitable for moving loads from collapsed to uncollapsed areas. It can withstand top pressure loads on the order of 1000 tons. The rolling of the upper roller provides continuous support to the mine roof and isolates the collapsed and uncollapsed areas. This eliminates the need for previous methods of using various alternating shielding techniques to achieve unloaded forward movement of the shield device. It also completely abandons the outdated process of using timber stacks and logs as alternating shielding methods to replace the hydraulic support during withdrawal, saving significant manpower, resources, and time, and greatly improving the safety and efficiency of hydraulic support withdrawal operations.

[0049] Furthermore, the forward rolling motion of the front and rear lower rollers is achieved through a combination of creeping motion and the coordination of the traction arm and creeping hydraulic cylinder, providing a large driving force and preventing the device from jamming during the stepping process. Moreover, the alternating contact between the first and second braking components and the base plate ensures that the front and rear lower rollers can roll forward steadily and alternately, effectively preventing the device from slipping due to the interaction force between the front and rear lower rollers and causing the device to move backward.

[0050] Furthermore, due to the alternating forward rolling of the front and rear lower rollers, the support and protection device can switch between high and low support states, providing a certain pressure relief function and preventing jamming during load movement.

[0051] This invention also provides a method for forward load movement of a support shield device 100. The method for forward load movement of the support shield device 100 is described below with the front lower roller 102 and the rear lower roller 103 relatively close as the initial state:

[0052] The front lower roller 102 and the rear lower roller 103 are relatively close to each other, and the support shield device 100 is in a high support state;

[0053] When the first braking component is in a braking state, the creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 extends or retracts, and the creeping and traction arm 199 drives the front lower roller 102 to roll forward a certain distance along the forward direction. At the same time, the front lower roller 102 moves relatively away from the rear lower roller 103, and the distance between the front lower roller 102 and the rear lower roller 103 increases, so that the upper roller 101 moves in the forward and downward direction, and the overall support height of the support shield device 100 decreases, switching from a high support state to a low support state.

[0054] When the second brake is in a braking state, the creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 extends or retracts to drive the rear lower roller 103 to roll forward a certain distance along the forward direction. The distance between the front lower roller 102 and the rear lower roller 103 decreases, the upper roller 101 moves forward and upward, and the overall support height of the support shield device 100 rises, changing from a low support state to a high support state. Thus, the support shield device 100 achieves overall forward stepping.

[0055] In some embodiments, the front lower roller 102 includes a front lower roller shaft 105, and the rear lower roller 103 includes a rear lower roller shaft 106. The front lower roller 102 can be driven to roll by driving the front lower roller shaft 105, and the rear lower roller 103 can be driven to roll by driving the rear lower roller shaft 106.

[0056] like Figure 3 As shown, the supporting end of the creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 is its rear end, and the telescopic end is its front end. The creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 is located behind the rear lower roller 103. When the creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 extends, it pushes the rear lower roller 103 to roll forward in the forward direction. When the creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 retracts, it drives the front lower roller 102 to roll forward. The first braking member is used to abut against the base plate 002 when the creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 retracts, so as to prevent the rear lower roller 103 from rolling backward. The second braking member is used to abut against the base plate when the creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 extends, so as to prevent the front lower roller 102 from rolling backward. This makes the structure of the support and protection device 100 more reasonable.

[0057] In some specific embodiments, such as Figure 3As shown, the creeping and traction arm 199 is a separate structure, including a lower slide plate 107 and a hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108. The rear end (support end) of the creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 is supported on the upper surface of the lower slide plate 107, and the front end (telescopic end) is hinged to the roller of the rear lower roller 103. The hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108 is fastened above the creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 to protect it. The hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108 is also hinged to the roller (rear lower roller shaft 106) of the rear lower roller 103 to move synchronously with the rear lower roller 103.

[0058] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the first braking component is a tail anchor 109. The tail anchor 109 is hinged to the tail of the hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108 and can rotate relative to it within a certain angle range. That is, the tail anchor 109 and the tail of the hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108 are connected in a limited rotational manner, and the rotation angle is limited. The tail anchor 109 tilts backward and downward from the connection point with the hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108, and the bottom end of the tail anchor 109 contacts the base plate 002. When the hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108 tends to move backward, it abuts against the base plate 002 to provide a braking effect, preventing the hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108 and the rear lower roller 103 from moving backward, and disengaging from the base plate 002 when the hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108 moves forward. It can be understood that when the rear lower roller 103 rolls forward, it drives the hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108 to move forward, thereby driving the tail anchor 109 to move forward.

[0059] In some cases, the bottom end of the tail anchor 109 is driven into the base plate 002 by the hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108 to act as a brake, and disengages from the base plate 002 by rotation when the hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108 moves forward.

[0060] Preferred options Figure 3 As shown, the bottom end of the tail anchor 109 is spiked so that it can be inserted into the bottom plate 002.

[0061] by Figures 3-5 For example, when the rear lower roller 103 tends to roll backward, it compresses the hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108 to move backward, and the bottom end of the tail anchor 109 abuts against the base plate 002 and is relatively fixed. The hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108 moves slightly backward a short distance, and the tail anchor 109 rotates counterclockwise relative to the hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108 by a certain angle until the tail anchor 109 rotates to its limit position. The tail anchor 109 then stops rotating, and the positions of the hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108 and the rear lower roller 103 are fixed, thus achieving braking. Figure 5As shown in S102, the side of the tail anchor 109 reaches its rotation limit position after contacting the tail of the hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108. If the hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108 continues to move backward, the bottom end of the tail anchor 109 penetrates the base plate 002, achieving stronger braking and preventing the hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108 from moving backward. When the rear lower roller 103 moves forward, it drives the hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108 to move forward, and the hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108 drives the tail anchor 109 to move forward. The tail anchor 109 rotates clockwise relative to the hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108 and disengages from the base plate 002.

[0062] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the second braking component is a braking and lifting plate 111, which is hinged to the creeping and traction arm 199. The supporting cover device 100 also includes a driving component, which drives the braking and lifting plate 111 to swing relative to the creeping and traction arm 199, so that the braking and lifting plate 111 switches between a braking position and a non-braking position. In the braking position, the braking and lifting plate 111 abuts against the base plate 002 to achieve a braking effect. In the non-braking position, the braking and lifting plate 111 disengages from the base plate 002. That is, the braking and lifting plate 111 is movably connected to the creeping and traction arm 199, and through the drive of the driving component, the braking and lifting plate 111 switches between the braking position where it abuts against the base plate 002 and the non-braking position where it disengages from the base plate 002.

[0063] Furthermore, the driving component is a braking and lifting hydraulic cylinder 112. Both ends of the braking and lifting hydraulic cylinder 112 are hinged to the braking and lifting plate 111 and the rollers (front lower roller shaft 105) of the front lower roller 102, respectively. The braking and lifting hydraulic cylinder 112 extends to push the braking and lifting plate 111 to the braking position, and retracts to pull the braking and lifting plate 111 to the non-braking position. In other words, when the second braking component is needed, the braking and lifting hydraulic cylinder 112 extends to push the braking and lifting plate 111 towards the base plate 002, causing it to abut against the base plate 002. After the rear lower roller 103 rolls forward to its designated position, the braking and lifting hydraulic cylinder 112 retracts to pull the braking and lifting plate 111 away from the base plate 002, causing it to disengage from the base plate 002.

[0064] In some specific embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the creeping and traction arm 199 includes a lower slide plate 107 and a hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108. The rear end of the brake and lifting plate 111 is hinged to the lower slide plate 107. The two ends of the brake and lifting hydraulic cylinder 112 are respectively hinged to the upper surface of the brake and lifting plate 111 and the front lower roller shaft 105. The brake and lifting hydraulic cylinder 112 extends forward and upward from the upper surface of the brake and lifting plate 111. Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, in the braking position, the braking and lifting plate 111 forms an angle with the base plate 002 and the front end of the braking and lifting plate 111 abuts against the base plate 002 to prevent the sliding plate 107 and the front lower roller 102 from moving backward. In the non-braking position, the front end of the braking and lifting plate 111 disengages from the base plate 002.

[0065] In other alternative embodiments, the creeping and traction arm 199 includes a lower slide plate 107 and a hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108. The front end of the brake and lifting plate 111 is hinged to the lower slide plate 107, and the two ends of the brake and lifting hydraulic cylinder 112 are respectively hinged to the upper surface of the brake and lifting plate 111 and the front lower roller shaft 105. The brake and lifting hydraulic cylinder 112 extends rearward and upward from the upper surface of the brake and lifting plate 111. In the braking position, the brake and lifting plate 111 forms an angle with the base plate 002, and the rear end of the brake and lifting plate 111 abuts against the base plate 002 to prevent the lower slide plate 107 and the front lower roller 102 from moving backward. In the non-braking position, the rear end of the brake and lifting plate 111 disengages from the base plate 002.

[0066] In some embodiments, the bottom surface of the creeping and traction arm 199 is located below the central axis of the front lower roller 102 and the central axis of the rear lower roller 103 and is spaced apart from the bottom plate 002. After the front lower roller 102 and the rear lower roller 103 crush the bottom plate 002, the bottom surface of the creeping and traction arm 199 directly contacts the tunnel floor 002, increasing the bottom contact area and preventing the entire device from sinking further.

[0067] As an example, such as Figure 3 As shown, the creeping and traction arm 199 includes a lower sliding plate 107 and a hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108. The bottom surface of the creeping and traction arm 199 is the bottom surface of the lower sliding plate 107, which is located below the central axis of the front lower roller 102 and the central axis of the rear lower roller 103 and has a gap between it and the bottom plate 002. After the front lower roller 102 and the rear lower roller 103 crush the bottom plate 002, the lower sliding plate 107 presses down to directly contact the tunnel floor plate 002, increasing the bottom contact area and preventing the entire equipment from sinking further.

[0068] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3As shown, the support shield device 100 further includes: a first roller connecting frame 1041 and a second roller connecting frame 1042. The first roller connecting frame 1041 is rotatably connected to each of the upper roller 101 and the front lower roller 102, and the second roller connecting frame 1042 is rotatably connected to each of the upper roller 101 and the rear lower roller 103. The first roller connecting frame 1041 is used to limit the relative position of the upper roller 101 and the front lower roller 102, and the second roller connecting frame 1042 is used to limit the relative position of the upper roller 101 and the rear lower roller 103. The "limited rotational connection" means that they can rotate relative to each other within a certain angle range, that is, the rotation angle is limited. The first roller connecting frame 1041 is rotatably connected to each of the upper roller 101 and the front lower roller 102 to prevent the front lower roller 102 from rolling forward too far, and the second roller connecting frame 1042 is rotatably connected to each of the upper roller 101 and the rear lower roller 103 to prevent the rear lower roller 103 from rolling forward too far. In summary, the first roller connecting frame 1041 and the second roller connecting frame 1042 are used to limit the relative position between the upper roller 101, the front lower roller 102 and the rear lower roller 103, and to limit the step distance of the front lower roller 102 and the rear lower roller 103 moving forward.

[0069] Optionally, the first roller connecting frame 1041 and the second roller connecting frame 1042 achieve limited rotation between the rollers through a limiting structure.

[0070] Furthermore, to make the structure of the support shield device 100 more stable, there are two front lower rollers 102 and two rear lower rollers 103. The central axes of the two front lower rollers 102 are aligned and they roll synchronously, and the central axes of the two rear lower rollers 103 are aligned and they roll synchronously. As an example, in Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the embodiment shown, the two front lower rollers 102 share a front lower roller shaft 105 to achieve synchronous rolling, and the two rear lower rollers 103 share a rear lower roller shaft 106 to achieve synchronous rolling.

[0071] Optionally, the ratio of the radius of the upper roller 101 to the radius of the lower front roller 102 is 1:1 to 4:1.

[0072] Optionally, the ratio of the radius of the upper roller 101 to the radius of the lower rear roller 103 is 1:1 to 4:1.

[0073] The following is based on Figure 5 The illustrated embodiment is used as an example to describe in detail the load forward movement method of the support and shield device 100. The support and shield device 100 is placed between the roof and floor of the mine roadway. The implementation of the height adjustment, pressure relief, and creep function S1 of the support and shield device 100 includes, but is not limited to, the following preferred steps:

[0074] S101: The creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 is in the extended state, and the supporting shield device 100 is in the high-support state. Simultaneously, the braking and lifting hydraulic cylinder 112 is in the extended state, and the braking and lifting plate 111 is in the braking state, contacting the base plate 002. At this time, the state of the supporting shield device 100 is defined as the initial state. Then, the braking and lifting hydraulic cylinder 112 is retracted, causing the braking and lifting plate 111 to disengage from the base plate 002 (e.g., ...). Figure 5 (as shown in -S101), the braking state is switched to the non-braking state;

[0075] S102: As Figure 5 -S102 shows that the retracting creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 is controlled. The front end of the creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 is supported by the rear lower roller 103, and the bottom end of the tail anchor 109 abuts against the base plate 002. The rear lower roller 103 remains stationary under the interlocking braking action of the hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108 and the tail anchor 109. Therefore, the creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 drives the lower slide plate 107 to move forward relative to the base plate 002, and at the same time drives the front lower roller 102 to roll forward, thereby causing the upper roller 101 to move forward and downward. The attitude of the support shield device 100 is adjusted, and the support height decreases accordingly, changing from a high support state to a low support state.

[0076] S103: As Figure 5 -S103 As shown, when the creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 retracts to a certain position and stops, the extension braking and bottoming hydraulic cylinder 112 extends, causing the braking and bottoming plate 111 to press down onto the tunnel floor 002 and come into contact with it, generating a braking effect. The positions of the front lower roller 102 and the lower sliding plate 107 remain unchanged under the braking action of the braking and bottoming plate 111. The creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 extends, with the rear end of the creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 supported by the lower sliding plate 107, and the front end extends forward to push the rear lower roller 103 to roll forward. At the same time, it drives the hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108 to move forward. At this time, the tail anchor 109 rotates clockwise under the drive of the hydraulic cylinder protective cover 108, and the tail spike slides out of the floor 002 and slides forward together. During this process, the attitude of the support and shield device 100 is adjusted, and the support height will also rise accordingly, changing from a low support state to a high support state, and the whole device will move forward.

[0077] S104: Repeating the above steps can cause the support cover device 100 to creep forward.

[0078] It should be noted that the change in the support height of the support shield device 100 can also adapt to the change in the undulation height of the roadway and generate a certain pressure relief effect, which can prevent the support shield device 100 from getting stuck in the mine roadway.

[0079] In some alternative embodiments, instead of hinged tail anchor 109 to the tail of hydraulic cylinder guard 108, tail anchor 109 (or other first braking structure) is directly hinged to the rear lower roller shaft 106 of rear lower roller 103 and can rotate relative to the rear lower roller shaft 106 within a certain angle range. Tail anchor 109 tilts backward and downward from the connection with rear lower roller shaft 106 and contacts the base plate 002 to press the base plate 002 to brake when the rear lower roller 103 tends to move backward, and disengages from the base plate 002 when the rear lower roller 103 rolls forward.

[0080] In some alternative embodiments, instead of the brake and lifting plate 111 and the brake and lifting hydraulic cylinder 112, the second brake can be of other structural forms. For example, the second brake can also be a tail anchor-like structure. The tail anchor structure can be hinged to the lower slide plate 107 or to the front lower roller shaft 105 of the front lower roller 102. The tail anchor structure is designed to abut against or insert into the base plate 002 when the front lower roller 102 has a tendency to move backward to provide a braking effect, and to disengage from the base plate 002 when the lower slide plate 107 and the front lower roller 102 move forward.

[0081] In some embodiments, the front end of the sliding plate 107 is connected to a double hinge lug 113, which is used for hinged connection with other devices. For example, as Figure 7 As shown, the double hinge lug 113 at the front end of the sliding plate 107 is hinged to the powerful pushing beam 299, which can play a traction role.

[0082] This invention also provides a support and cover system. The support and cover system includes a support and cover device 100, a plurality of cover supports, and a powerful pushing beam 299. The plurality of cover supports and the support and cover device 100 are arranged sequentially in a first horizontal direction, which is orthogonal to the forward direction of the support and cover device 100. Each cover support includes a cover support frame and a push-pull device. The push-pull device can extend or retract relative to the cover support frame in a second horizontal direction perpendicular to the first horizontal direction. The cover support frame has a raised state supported on a top plate 001 and a lowered state detached from the top plate 002. In the raised state, the cover support frame is supported between the top plate 001 and the bottom plate 002 of the tunnel. In the lowered state, the cover support frame retracts so that its top detaches from the top plate 001.

[0083] The powerful pushing beam 299 is hinged to the front end of each of the plurality of push-pull devices and the supporting cover device 100. The powerful pushing beam 299 moves forward in the forward direction under the push of the plurality of push-pull devices. Specifically, the push-pull devices extend relative to the cover support frame, and the front end of the push-pull devices moves forward in the forward direction, pushing the powerful pushing beam 299 forward. The forward movement of the powerful pushing beam 299 causes the supporting cover device 100 to move under load in the forward direction. The push-pull devices retract relative to the cover support frame 301, and the rear end of the push-pull devices pulls the cover support frame towards the powerful pushing beam 299.

[0084] The support and shield system provided in this invention cooperates with the support and shield device through the shield support bracket and the powerful pushing crossbeam. This enables the load movement of the support and shield device within the mine collapse area, providing continuous support to the mine roof and isolating the collapse area from the non-collapse area. This eliminates the need for the previous process and method of moving the shield device forward without load through various alternating shield methods. It also completely abandons the outdated process of using log stacks and logs as alternating shield methods to replace the hydraulic support during withdrawal, saving a lot of manpower, material resources and working time, and greatly improving the safety and efficiency of hydraulic support withdrawal.

[0085] As an example, such as Figure 7 As shown, the protective support includes two supports, with a powerful pushing beam 299 extending along the first horizontal direction. The front ends of the push-pull devices of the two protective supports and the double hinge lugs 113 supporting the protective device 100 are all hinged to the powerful pushing beam 299. In some alternative embodiments, the number of protective supports may be greater than two, depending on the type of retraction hydraulic support, all of which fall within the protection scope of this invention.

[0086] like Figure 7 As shown, the cover support includes a first cover support 200 and a second cover support 300. The supporting cover device 100, the first cover support 200, and the second cover support 300 are arranged sequentially in the first horizontal direction. The first cover support 200 includes a first cover support frame 201 and a first push-pull device 202. The second cover support 300 includes a second cover support frame 301 and a second push-pull device 302. The powerful pushing beam 299 is provided with three hinge ears, which are respectively hinged to the double hinge ears 113 of the supporting cover device 100, the front end of the first push-pull device 202, and the front end of the second push-pull device 302.

[0087] like Figure 7As shown, taking the second cover support 300 as an example, the second push-pull device 302 is located at the center of the bottom of the cover support frame 301 and is slidably set. One end of the built-in hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the second push-pull device 302, and the other end is hinged to the second cover support frame 301. The extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder realizes the push-pull action of the second push-pull device 302.

[0088] like Figure 7 As shown, the first protective support frame 201 includes a first hydraulic support rod 2011 and a first top protective beam 2012. The first hydraulic support rod 2011 is supported at the bottom of the first top protective beam 2012, and the first hydraulic support rod 2011 is telescopically configured to raise or lower the first top protective beam 2012. The second protective support frame 301 includes a second hydraulic support rod 3011 and a second top protective beam 3012. The second hydraulic support rod 3011 is supported at the bottom of the second top protective beam 3012, and the second hydraulic support rod 3011 is telescopically configured to raise or lower the second top protective beam 3012. In the raised position, the second top protective beam 3012 is raised; in the lowered position, the second top protective beam 3012 is lowered.

[0089] Before the protective supports advance, the hydraulic support rod retracts, lowering the top protective beam to its lowered position. After advancing, the hydraulic support rod extends, raising the top protective beam to its raised position. The first protective support 200 and the second protective support 300 can move forward independently by lowering and retracting respectively. When they reach the appropriate position, they are raised and fixed. This process is repeated sequentially to achieve the forward movement of all protective supports, thus enabling the stable advancement of the protective system.

[0090] The following is based on Figure 8 The illustrated embodiment is used as an example to describe in detail the protection and advancing method of the support and cover system. The support and cover system is arranged between the top and bottom plates of the roadway and supported in the triangular area behind the hydraulic support array 600. It is used to protect the traction system when pulling the hydraulic support 601 to be withdrawn out of the hydraulic support array 600. The implementation of the support and cover system and its advancing function S2 includes, but is not limited to, the following preferred methods and steps:

[0091] S201: The hinge joints at the front ends of the first push-pull device 202, the second push-pull device 302, and the creeping and traction arm 199 are respectively hinged to the powerful pushing beam 299, so that the first push-pull device 202 and the second push-pull device 302 are in the retracted state, the first cover support 200 and the second cover support 300 are in the supported cover state (i.e., the raised frame state), the creeping hydraulic cylinder 110 and the braking and bottoming hydraulic cylinder 112 are both in the extended state, the supported cover device 100 is in the high support state, and the braking and bottoming plate 111 is in the braking state. At this time, the braking and bottoming hydraulic cylinder 112 is retracted to retract the braking and bottoming plate 111, so that it is separated from the bottom plate 002, as follows. Figure 8 As shown in S201, the first push-pull device 202 and the second push-pull device 302 are extended at the same time, pushing the powerful push beam 299 forward. The powerful push beam 299 drives the support and shield device 100 to move forward as a whole. If the traction force is insufficient or jamming occurs, the creep function S1 of the support and shield device 100 can be used in combination to realize the support and shield device 100 moving forward under load, so that the mine roof is always in a supported state.

[0092] S202: As Figure 8 -S202 As shown, after the support shield device 100 is pushed into place, the extension brake and bottom lifting hydraulic cylinder 112 is extended to press the brake and bottom lifting plate 111 down to the brake position, so that it abuts against the bottom plate 002 to achieve the braking effect. Keeping the other hydraulic cylinders different, the position of the powerful pushing beam 299 is relatively fixed. After the first shield support 200 is lowered, the first push-pull device 202 is retracted to move it forward. Then the first shield support 200 is raised to support, so that the powerful pushing beam 299 is fixed.

[0093] S203: As Figure 8 -S203 shows that after the second cover support 300 is lowered, its second push-pull device 302 is retracted, causing it to move forward. Then the second cover support 300 is raised to support the force-pushing crossbeam 299.

[0094] S204: Repeating steps S201-S203 above can enable the support and cover system to move forward continuously.

[0095] During the above operation, the alternating support method of the several protective supports of the support and protection system, as well as the continuous support function of the support and protection device 100, can provide good support and protection, prevent the collapse of the top plate 001, and ensure the safety of the personnel and equipment under protection.

[0096] The support and shield device 100 is placed between the roof slab 001 and the floor slab 002 of the mine roadway, and its stress diagram is shown below. Figure 6As shown, since the top surface of the upper roller 101 is an arc surface, the top plate 001 generates a forward pushing force (G1) and a backward pushing force (G2) on the upper roller 101. The powerful pushing beam 299 in S201 applies a traction force F to the support and shield device 100. The direction of the traction force F is horizontal and forward. The angle between the forward pushing force G1 and F is α, and the angle between the backward pushing force G2 and the horizontal direction is β.

[0097] The supporting force F1 generated by the supporting shield device 100 is:

[0098] F1=F·secα

[0099] 1) α is normally greater than 60°, so F1 is normally greater than 2F.

[0100] 2) There are no other supporting devices behind the upper roller 101, and the top plate 001 partially collapses. Therefore, under normal circumstances, β is less than α, so the forward pushing pressure G1 of the top plate 001 on the supporting shield device 100 is greater than the backward pushing pressure G2.

[0101] For the reasons mentioned above, this reduces the magnitude of the traction force F required for the forward movement of the traction support and cover device 100. Furthermore, the support and cover system provided in this embodiment of the invention can provide a forward traction force on the order of 200 tons for the support and cover device 100, which can fully meet the support and forward traction force requirements under various working conditions.

[0102] In S201, during the process of the powerful pushing beam 299 driving the support and protection device 100 to move forward as a whole, the upper roller 101, the front lower roller 102, and the rear lower roller 103 roll, and the upper roller 101 rotates in the opposite direction to the front lower roller 102 and the rear lower roller 103, so that the support and protection device 100 can roll forward under continuous support without causing friction damage to the top plate 001 and the bottom plate 002.

[0103] It should be noted that in other embodiments with different numbers of cover devices, after pushing the support cover device 100 into place in S201, the cover support is lowered and moved forward in sequence, ultimately achieving the overall step-forward movement of the support cover system.

[0104] It should also be noted that the support and cover system of the present invention can be used in other reasonable operating modes to achieve support and cover and forward movement of the support and cover system, and is not limited to the above-mentioned implementation modes.

[0105] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in order to protect the traction system (not shown in the figure) used for pulling the hydraulic support 601 to be withdrawn, several traction protection supports are set on the side of the support protection system to support and protect the traction system and the hydraulic support being pulled. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the embodiment shown, the traction protection support includes a first traction protection support 400 and a second traction protection support 500. Both the first traction protection support 400 and the second traction protection support 500 have a supported state supported on the top plate 001 and a lowered state that is removed from the top plate 001 to move forward. The first traction protection support 400 and the second traction protection support 500 can move forward gradually with the hydraulic support as the load-bearing mobile support system is withdrawn.

[0106] Multiple shield supports are used for alternating protection. The push-pull device of the shield supports pushes and pulls in sequence to realize the step-by-step movement of multiple shield supports. This eliminates the step of using a winch to pull the shield supports forward in the general withdrawal process. After the hydraulic support is deployed, the work steps such as using other withdrawal equipment to pull the hydraulic support out of the roadway and load it onto a vehicle for transportation can be carried out in parallel with S1 and S2, realizing process coordination, saving the overall withdrawal time, and greatly improving the withdrawal efficiency of hydraulic supports.

[0107] The use of a support and shield system for triangular area support eliminates the need for the timber stacking process during the technical withdrawal procedure. This provides high support strength and excellent shielding capabilities, completely preventing accidents such as roof mesh tearing, frame collapse, and burying, thus ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment. Furthermore, it significantly simplifies the hydraulic support withdrawal process and greatly improves the safety of hydraulic support withdrawal.

[0108] In addition, the rotating stepping method of the support and protection device can achieve non-repeated support for the top and bottom plates, reducing damage to the top and bottom plates, thereby reducing the risk of top plate breakage and collapse. Furthermore, its load-bearing movement support method can keep the top plate in a supported state at all times, effectively avoiding the risk of the frame being crushed due to the top plate losing support and pressing down.

[0109] In summary, the support and shield device, load forwarding method, and support and shield system proposed in this invention greatly reduce the manual processes and heavy physical labor in traditional withdrawal systems, achieving high safety, high reliability, high efficiency, and high benefits in hydraulic support withdrawal operations. This solves many unresolved pain points in hydraulic support withdrawal, realizes the automated transformation of hydraulic support withdrawal in coal mine roadways, significantly improves the operational efficiency and safety of hydraulic support withdrawal, and can generate significant economic and social benefits.

[0110] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0111] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0112] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0113] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0114] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0115] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A support shield device, characterized by, The support and shield device is used to support the roof and floor of the mine roadway, and includes: The system includes an upper roller, a front lower roller, and a rear lower roller, all of which are horizontally arranged. The upper roller is located above and rolls in contact with each of the front and rear lower rollers. The front and rear lower rollers are spaced apart in a forward direction orthogonal to the axis of the upper roller. The top of the upper roller abuts against the top plate, and the bottoms of the front and rear lower rollers abut against the bottom plate. The system includes a creeping and traction arm and a creeping hydraulic cylinder. The support end of the creeping hydraulic cylinder is supported on the creeping and traction arm. The telescopic end of the creeping hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the roller shaft of the rear lower roller to push or pull the rear lower roller to roll forward along the forward direction. The creeping and traction arm is hinged to the roller shaft of the front lower roller to drive the front lower roller to roll forward along the forward direction. The front lower roller and the rear lower roller roll forward alternately along the forward direction to achieve stepping, while simultaneously switching the support and cover device between a high support state and a low support state. A first braking element and a second braking element, wherein the first braking element is connected to the rear lower roller and is used to abut against the base plate when the front lower roller rolls forward to prevent the rear lower roller from rolling backward, and the second braking element is connected to the front lower roller and is used to abut against the base plate when the rear lower roller rolls forward to prevent the front lower roller from rolling backward.

2. The support shield device of claim 1, wherein, The creeping hydraulic cylinder retracts to drive the front lower roller to roll forward, and the creeping hydraulic cylinder extends to push the rear lower roller to roll forward. The first braking element is used to abut against the base plate when the creeping hydraulic cylinder retracts, and the second braking element is used to abut against the base plate when the creeping hydraulic cylinder extends.

3. The support and shield device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The creeping and traction arm includes a lower slide plate and a hydraulic cylinder protective cover. The rear end of the creeping hydraulic cylinder is supported on the upper surface of the lower slide plate, and the front end is hinged to the roller of the rear lower roller. The hydraulic cylinder protective cover is fastened above the creeping hydraulic cylinder and is hinged to the roller of the rear lower roller. The first braking component is a tail anchor, which is hinged to the tail of the hydraulic cylinder protective cover and can rotate relative to it within a certain angle range. The tail anchor tilts backward and downward from the connection point with the hydraulic cylinder protective cover, and the bottom end of the tail anchor contacts the base plate so as to abut against the base plate when the hydraulic cylinder protective cover tends to move backward, and to disengage from the base plate when the hydraulic cylinder protective cover moves forward.

4. The support and cover device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The second braking component is a braking and lifting plate, which is hinged to the creeping and traction arm. The support and shielding device also includes a driving component, which drives the braking and lifting plate to swing relative to the creeping and traction arm so that the braking and lifting plate can switch between a braking position and a non-braking position. In the braking position, the braking and lifting plate abuts against the base plate. In the non-braking position, the braking and lifting plate disengages from the base plate.

5. The support and shielding device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The driving component is a braking and lifting hydraulic cylinder. The two ends of the braking and lifting hydraulic cylinder are respectively hinged to the rollers of the braking and lifting plate and the front lower roller. The braking and lifting hydraulic cylinder extends to push the braking and lifting plate to swing to the braking position, and the braking and lifting hydraulic cylinder retracts to pull the braking and lifting plate to swing to the non-braking position.

6. The support and cover device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rear end of the braking and lifting plate is hinged to the creeping and traction arm. In the braking position, the braking and lifting plate forms an angle with the base plate and the front end of the braking and lifting plate abuts against the base plate. In the non-braking position, the front end of the braking and lifting plate disengages from the base plate. Alternatively, the front end of the braking and lifting plate is hinged to the creeping and traction arm. In the braking position, the braking and lifting plate forms an angle with the base plate and the rear end of the braking and lifting plate abuts against the base plate. In the non-braking position, the rear end of the braking and lifting plate disengages from the base plate.

7. The support and cover device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A first roller connecting frame and a second roller connecting frame, wherein the first roller connecting frame is rotatably connected to each of the upper roller and the front lower roller, and the second roller connecting frame is rotatably connected to each of the upper roller and the rear lower roller.

8. The support and cover device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of the radius of the upper roller to the radius of the lower front roller is 1:1 to 4:1; And / or, the ratio of the radius of the upper roller to the radius of the lower rear roller is 1:1 to 4:

1.

9. A method for forward-moving the load of a support shield device, characterized in that, The supporting shield device is the supporting shield device according to any one of claims 1-8, and the load forwarding method includes: The support and shielding device is in a high-support state; When the first brake is in a braking state, the creeping hydraulic cylinder extends or retracts, and the creeping and traction arm drives the lower front roller to roll forward, so that the upper roller moves forward and downward. The support height of the support shield device decreases and switches to a low support state. When the second brake is in a braking state, the creeping hydraulic cylinder extends or retracts to drive the lower rear roller to roll forward, so that the upper roller moves forward and upward, the support height of the support and shield device rises, and it switches to a high support state, and the support and shield device achieves overall forward stepping.

10. A support and cover system, characterized in that, include: Support and shield device according to any one of claims 1-8; A plurality of cover supports are arranged sequentially along a first horizontal direction, which is orthogonal to the forward direction. Each cover support includes a cover support frame and a push-pull device. The push-pull device can extend or retract relative to the cover support frame along a second horizontal direction perpendicular to the first horizontal direction. The cover support frame has a raised frame state supported on the top plate and a lowered frame state detached from the top plate. A powerful pushing beam is hinged to the front end of each of the plurality of pushing and pulling devices and the supporting cover device, and the powerful pushing beam moves along the forward direction under the push of the plurality of pushing and pulling devices.

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