A micro-charge quantity index amplification measuring device and method

Abstract

The application provides a micro-charge electric quantity exponential amplification measuring device and method, the micro-charge electric quantity exponential amplification measuring device comprises a first conductive plate, a second conductive plate, a third conductive plate, a fourth conductive plate, a first Faraday cylinder, a second Faraday cylinder and a capacitor; the micro-charge electric quantity exponential amplification measuring method is used.Application of the technical scheme can utilize grounding method and electrostatic induction to generate fixed proportion of electric charges, and utilize the Faraday cylinder to collect the electric charges, and realize exponential amplification of the electric quantity through multiple experimental operations; the method is simple, easy to operate, low in cost, can exponentially amplify weak electric charges, and can quickly and accurately measure extremely weak electric charges.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of charge measurement, and more specifically to a method for amplifying the measurement of minute charges. Background Technology

[0002] In electricity, physical quantities such as voltage, current, resistance, and capacitance have readily available and simple methods and instruments for measurement. However, the measurement of electric charge, especially minute amounts of charge, lacks similarly simple and universal methods and instruments. The most common method for measuring electric charge is electrostatic measurement, which uses Coulomb's law to estimate the magnitude of the charge by measuring the electric field generated by the charge. The classic Coulomb torsion balance experiment and Milligan's oil drop experiment are examples of electrostatic measurement. Electrostatic measurement requires specific experimental conditions and is relatively complex. Another common method for measuring electric charge is capacitance, which uses the definition and characteristics of capacitance to estimate the magnitude of the charge by measuring voltage or current. Capacitance is relatively simple but cannot measure minute amounts of charge. Other measurement methods are generally only applicable to specific research and experimental needs and cannot measure minute amounts of charge. For example, the equipotential line method estimates the magnitude of the charge based on the shape and distribution of the equipotential lines where the charge is located, and is often used in high-voltage experiments. Scattering methods use the scattering of electrons or particles in a charge field to infer the magnitude of the charge; for example, the Compton scattering experiment can infer the magnitude of the charge by measuring the scattering angle and energy loss. The constant current measurement method involves connecting the charge to be measured into a circuit with a known resistance, and calculating the magnitude of the charge by measuring the current in the circuit. It is commonly used for battery capacity measurement, etc. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a device and method for amplifying the charge index of trace charges.

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a method for amplifying the magnitude of trace charge, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1: Connect the first conductive plate to a charged conductor, the charged conductor having a charge Q0 to be measured;

[0006] S2: The grounded second conductive plate is placed parallel to and aligned with the first conductive plate, and the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate are separated by an insulating medium so that the second conductive plate carries a charge -Q0;

[0007] S3: Disconnect the second conductive plate from the ground and bring the second conductive plate into contact with the inner wall of the first Faraday cylinder so that the charge -Q0 on the second conductive plate is transferred to the first Faraday cylinder;

[0008] S4: Repeat steps S2 to S3 n times, where n≥2, so that the charge on the first Faraday cylinder is -nQ0;

[0009] S5: Connect the third conductive plate to the first Faraday cylinder;

[0010] S6: The grounded fourth conductive plate is placed parallel to and aligned with the third conductive plate, and the third conductive plate and the fourth conductive plate are separated by an insulating medium so that the fourth conductive plate carries a charge nQ0;

[0011] S7: Disconnect the fourth conductive plate from the ground and bring the fourth conductive plate into contact with the inner wall of the second Faraday cylinder so that the charge nQ0 on the fourth conductive plate is transferred to the second Faraday cylinder;

[0012] S8: Repeat steps S6 to S7 n times to make the charge on the second Faraday cylinder n. 2 Q0;

[0013] S9: Make the charge on the third conductor plate and the first Faraday cylinder zero, and then disconnect the connection between the third conductor plate and the first Faraday cylinder;

[0014] S10: By swapping the first and second Faraday cylinders, repeat steps S5 to S8. The charge on the first Faraday cylinder will then increase to -n. 3 Q0;

[0015] S11: Repeating steps S9 to S10 multiple times, the charge on the first Faraday cylinder receiving the charge will increase to -n. m The charge on Q0 or the second Faraday cylinder will increase to n. m Q0;

[0016] S12: Ground the two ends of the capacitor to make it uncharged; then connect the first end plate of the capacitor to the first or second Faraday cylinder that was charged in step S11, and ground the second end plate; measure the voltage U across the capacitor, then the charge on the conductor is Q = CU, where C is the capacitance of the capacitor; obtain the charge to be measured Q0.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, step S0 is included before step S1: estimating the magnitude of the charge Q0 to be measured and selecting the values ​​of m and n.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, step S0 further includes: when the charge Q0 to be measured cannot be obtained based on the selected values ​​of m and n, reselecting the values ​​of m and n.

[0019] The present invention also provides a micro-charge exponential amplification measurement device, comprising a first conductive plate, a second conductive plate, a third conductive plate, a fourth conductive plate, a first Faraday cylinder, a second Faraday cylinder, and a capacitor; and uses the aforementioned micro-charge exponential amplification measurement method.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: by using grounding method and electrostatic induction, a fixed proportion of charge is generated, and the charge is collected by using Faraday cylinder. Through multiple experimental operations, the charge is exponentially amplified; the method is simple, easy to operate, and low in cost. It can exponentially amplify weak charge, thereby enabling rapid and accurate measurement of extremely weak charge. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the charged conductor, the first conductive plate, and the second conductive plate in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the first Faraday cylinder, the third conductive plate, and the fourth conductive plate in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second Faraday cylinder and the capacitor in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0025] The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are used to distinguish one component from others.

[0026] See Figures 1-3 This invention provides a micro-charge exponential amplification measurement device, comprising a first conductive plate 1, a second conductive plate 2, a third conductive plate 3, a fourth conductive plate 4, a first Faraday cylinder 51, a second Faraday cylinder 52, and a capacitor 6. The first conductive plate 1, the second conductive plate 2, the third conductive plate 3, and the fourth conductive plate 4 are flat.

[0027] The first conductive plate 1 and the second conductive plate 2 can be separated by an insulating medium, and they are aligned parallel to each other to form a capacitor-like structure. The first conductive plate 1 is connected to a charged conductor 7 via a wire. Let the charge to be measured on the charged conductor 7 be Q0. The second conductive plate 2 is grounded. The first conductive plate 1 carries a charge, which can induce the second conductive plate 2 to carry an equal amount of opposite charge -Q0 through electrostatic induction. At this time, the grounding of the second conductive plate 2 can be disconnected, and the second conductive plate 2 can be moved to contact the inner wall of the first Faraday cylinder 51, transferring all the charge on the second conductive plate 2 to the first Faraday cylinder 51. Repeating the electrostatic induction between the second conductive plate 2 and the first conductive plate 1 and the operation of transferring the charge to the first Faraday cylinder 51 n times will cause the first Faraday cylinder 51 to carry a charge of a corresponding multiple -nQ0.

[0028] The third conductive plate 3 and the fourth conductive plate 4 can be separated by an insulating medium, and they are parallel and aligned to form a capacitor-like structure. The third conductive plate 3 is connected to the first Faraday cylinder 51 via a wire, and the fourth conductive plate 4 is grounded. The third conductive plate 3 carries a charge -nQ0, which, through electrostatic induction, causes the fourth conductive plate 4 to carry an equal and opposite charge nQ0. At this point, the grounding of the fourth conductive plate 4 can be disconnected, and the fourth conductive plate 4 can be moved to contact the inner wall of the second Faraday cylinder 52, transferring all the charge from the fourth conductive plate 4 to the second Faraday cylinder 52. Repeating the electrostatic induction between the fourth conductive plate 4 and the third conductive plate 3 and the charge transfer to the second Faraday cylinder 52 n times will cause the second Faraday cylinder 52 to carry a charge n times the corresponding multiple. 2 Q0.

[0029] Subsequently, the charge on the third conductive plate 3 and the first Faraday cylinder 51 can be reduced to zero, and then the connection between the third conductive plate 3 and the first Faraday cylinder 51 is disconnected. The first Faraday cylinder 51 and the second Faraday cylinder 52 are interchanged, that is, the second Faraday cylinder 52 now serves as the first Faraday cylinder 51 in the aforementioned step (as the side providing charge), and the first Faraday cylinder 51 serves as the second Faraday cylinder 52 in the aforementioned step (as the side receiving charge). In other words, the third conductive plate 3 and the fourth conductive plate 4 can be separated by an insulating medium, and they are parallel and aligned to form a capacitor-like structure. The third conductive plate 3 is connected to the second Faraday cylinder 52 via a wire, the fourth conductive plate 4 is grounded, and the third conductive plate 3 carries a charge n. 2 Q0 can use the principle of electrostatic induction to make the fourth conductive plate 4 carry an equal amount of opposite charge -n. 2Q0, at this point, the grounding of the fourth conductive plate 4 can be disconnected, and the fourth conductive plate 4 can be moved to contact the inner wall of the first Faraday cylinder 51, transferring all the charge on the fourth conductive plate 4 to the first Faraday cylinder 51. Repeating the electrostatic induction between the fourth conductive plate 4 and the third conductive plate 3 and the operation of transferring charge to the first Faraday cylinder 51 n times will make the first Faraday cylinder 51 carry a charge of a corresponding multiple -n. 3 Q0.

[0030] By repeating the above steps multiple times, the charge on the charged first Faraday cylinder 51 or the second Faraday cylinder 52 will increase to ±n. m Q0; where m is an even number, the charged component is the second Faraday cylinder 52, with a charge of n. m When Q0 and m are odd numbers, the charged component is the first Faraday cylinder 51, with a charge of -n. m Q0.

[0031] Ground capacitor 6 at both ends to de-energize it; then connect the first plate of capacitor 6 to the energized first Faraday cylinder 51 or second Faraday cylinder 52, and ground the second plate; measure the voltage U across capacitor 6, then the charge on the conductor is Q = CU, where C is the capacitance of capacitor 6; thus, the measured charge Q0 = n -m CU (the charge is received by the second Faraday cylinder 52) or Q0 = -n -m CU (the first Faraday cylinder 51 receives the charge).

[0032] As can be seen from the above, the present invention also provides a method for exponentially amplifying the measurement of trace charge, comprising the following steps:

[0033] S1: Connect the first conductive plate 1 to the charged conductor 7, the charged conductor 7 having a charge Q0 to be measured;

[0034] S2: The grounded second conductive plate 2 is placed parallel to and aligned with the first conductive plate 1, and the first conductive plate 1 and the second conductive plate 2 are separated by an insulating medium so that the second conductive plate 2 carries a charge -Q0;

[0035] S3: Disconnect the second conductive plate 2 from the ground, and bring the second conductive plate 2 into contact with the inner wall of the first Faraday cylinder 51 so that the charge -Q0 on the second conductive plate 2 is transferred to the first Faraday cylinder 51;

[0036] S4: Repeat steps S2 to S3 n times, where n≥2, so that the charge on the first Faraday cylinder 51 is -nQ0;

[0037] S5: Connect the third conductive plate 3 to the first Faraday cylinder 51;

[0038] S6: The grounded fourth conductive plate 4 is placed parallel to and aligned with the third conductive plate 3, and the third conductive plate 3 and the fourth conductive plate 4 are separated by an insulating medium so that the fourth conductive plate 4 carries a charge nQ0.

[0039] S7: Disconnect the fourth conductive plate 4 from the ground and bring the fourth conductive plate 4 into contact with the inner wall of the second Faraday cylinder 52 so that the charge nQ0 on the fourth conductive plate 4 is transferred to the second Faraday cylinder 52;

[0040] S8: Repeat steps S6 to S7 n times to make the charge on the second Faraday cylinder 52 n. 2 Q0;

[0041] S9: Make the charge on the third conductor plate and the first Faraday cylinder 51 zero, and then disconnect the connection between the third conductor plate and the first Faraday cylinder 51;

[0042] S10: By swapping the first Faraday cylinder 51 and the second Faraday cylinder 52, steps S5 to S8 are repeated, and the charge on the first Faraday cylinder 51 will increase to -n. 3 Q0;

[0043] S11: Repeating steps S9 to S10 multiple times, the first Faraday cylinder 51 receiving the charge will increase to -n. m The charge on Q0 or the second Faraday cylinder 52 receiving the charge will increase to n. m Q0;

[0044] S12: Ground both ends of capacitor 6 to make it uncharged; then connect the first end plate of capacitor 6 to the first Faraday cylinder 51 or the second Faraday cylinder 52 that received the charge in step S11, and ground the second end plate; measure the voltage U across capacitor 6, then the charge on the conductor is Q = CU, where C is the capacitance of capacitor 6; obtain the charge to be measured Q0.

[0045] In step S12, the charge to be measured is Q0 = n -m CU (the charge is received by the second Faraday cylinder 52) or Q0 = -n -m CU (the first Faraday cylinder 51 receives the charge).

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, step S0 is included before step S1: estimating the magnitude of the charge Q0 to be measured and selecting the values ​​of m and n.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, step S0 further includes: when the charge Q0 to be measured cannot be obtained based on the selected values ​​of m and n, reselecting the values ​​of m and n.

[0048] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any non-substantial modifications made to the present invention by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention using this concept shall be deemed as an infringement of the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for exponentially amplifying the measurement of trace charge, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Connect the first conductive plate to a charged conductor, the charged conductor having a charge Q0 to be measured; S2: The grounded second conductive plate is placed parallel to and aligned with the first conductive plate, and the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate are separated by an insulating medium so that the second conductive plate carries a charge -Q0; S3: Disconnect the second conductive plate from the ground and bring the second conductive plate into contact with the inner wall of the first Faraday cylinder so that the charge -Q0 on the second conductive plate is transferred to the first Faraday cylinder; S4: Repeat steps S2 to S3 n times, where n≥2, so that the charge on the first Faraday cylinder is -nQ0; S5: Connect the third conductive plate to the first Faraday cylinder; S6: The grounded fourth conductive plate is placed parallel to and aligned with the third conductive plate, and the third conductive plate and the fourth conductive plate are separated by an insulating medium so that the fourth conductive plate carries a charge nQ0; S7: Disconnect the fourth conductive plate from the ground and bring the fourth conductive plate into contact with the inner wall of the second Faraday cylinder so that the charge nQ0 on the fourth conductive plate is transferred to the second Faraday cylinder; S8: Repeat steps S6 to S7 n times to make the charge on the second Faraday cylinder n. 2 Q0; S9: Make the charge on the third conductive plate and the first Faraday cylinder zero, and then disconnect the connection between the third conductive plate and the first Faraday cylinder; S10: By swapping the first and second Faraday cylinders, repeat steps S5 to S8. The charge on the first Faraday cylinder will then increase to -n. 3 Q0; S11: Repeating steps S9 to S10 multiple times, the charge on the first Faraday cylinder receiving the charge will increase to -n. m The charge on Q0 or the second Faraday cylinder will increase to n. m Q0; S12: Ground the two ends of the capacitor to make it uncharged; then connect the first end plate of the capacitor to the first or second Faraday cylinder that was charged in step S11, and ground the second end plate; measure the voltage U across the capacitor, then the charge on the conductor is Q = CU, where C is the capacitance of the capacitor; obtain the charge to be measured Q0.

2. The method for exponentially amplifying the measurement of trace charge as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Before step S1, there is also step S0: estimating the magnitude of the charge Q0 to be measured and selecting the values ​​of m and n.

3. The method for amplifying the magnitude of trace charge as described in claim 2, characterized in that: Step S0 further includes: when the charge Q0 to be measured cannot be obtained based on the selected values ​​of m and n, the values ​​of m and n are reselected.

4. A device for amplifying and measuring the magnitude of a trace charge, comprising a first conductive plate, a second conductive plate, a third conductive plate, a fourth conductive plate, a first Faraday cylinder, a second Faraday cylinder, and a capacitor; characterized in that, The method for amplifying the charge index of trace charges as described in any one of claims 1-3 was used.

Images