A dielectric rod antenna and wireless communication device

Abstract

Provided are a dielectric rod antenna and a wireless communication device. The dielectric rod antenna comprises: a dielectric rod comprising, in sequence along a length direction, a first feeding section, a second feeding section and a radiating section; a waveguide wrapped outside the first feeding section and the second feeding section; a first feeding line passing through the waveguide and extending into the first feeding section, and an extending part of the first feeding line extending along a first direction perpendicular to the length direction of the dielectric rod; a second feeding line passing through the waveguide and extending into the second feeding section, and an extending part of the second feeding line extending along a second direction perpendicular to both the length direction of the dielectric rod and the first direction; and a polarization sheet located between the first feeding section and the second feeding section and having a plane perpendicular to the length direction of the dielectric rod, and the polarization sheet comprising a coupling window with a dimension along the second direction greater than a dimension along the first direction. When two electromagnetic waves with mutually orthogonal main polarization directions are fed into the radiating section, the polarization sheet can reduce the electric field coupling between the two feeding lines, i.e. between two feeding ports, thereby improving the port isolation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and more particularly to a dielectric rod antenna and a wireless communication device. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless local area network (WLAN) services are diverse. WLAN signals are transmitted via antennas, and antenna specifications are strongly correlated with the specific application scenario.

[0003] Currently, WLAN scenarios typically require antennas to have dual-polarization characteristics and a certain level of port isolation. Furthermore, most directional antennas used in WLAN scenarios are planar antennas, lacking rod-shaped directional antennas, i.e., dielectric rod antennas, because dielectric rod antennas usually only have single-polarization modes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a dielectric rod antenna and a wireless communication device. The dielectric rod antenna has a dual polarization mode and high port isolation.

[0005] In a first aspect, a dielectric rod antenna is provided, comprising: a dielectric rod, which sequentially includes a first feed section, a second feed section, and a radiating section along its length; a waveguide, which is wrapped around the first feed section and the second feed section; a first feed wire, which passes through the waveguide and extends into the first feed section, and the portion of the first feed wire extending into the first feed section extends along a first direction, which is perpendicular to the length direction of the dielectric rod; a second feed wire, which passes through the waveguide and extends into the second feed section, and the portion of the second feed wire extending into the second feed section extends along a second direction, which is perpendicular to both the length direction of the dielectric rod and the first direction; a polarizer, located between the first feed section and the second feed section, and the plane of the polarizer is perpendicular to the length direction of the dielectric rod; the polarizer includes a coupling window, the dimension of which along the second direction is larger than its dimension along the first direction.

[0006] The first feeder wire emits electromagnetic waves with a primary polarization direction of the first direction (including a small amount of electromagnetic waves with a secondary polarization direction, and the first and second directions are orthogonal). When passing through the polarization plate, the electromagnetic waves with the primary polarization direction are allowed to pass through while the electromagnetic waves with the secondary polarization direction are blocked. This prevents the second feeder wire from receiving electromagnetic waves with the secondary polarization direction and reduces the formation of electric field coupling at the second feeder wire. The second feeder wire emits electromagnetic waves with a primary polarization direction of the second direction (including a small amount of electromagnetic waves with a primary polarization direction of the first direction). When passing through the polarization plate, the electromagnetic waves with the secondary polarization direction are blocked. This prevents the first feeder wire from receiving electromagnetic waves with the secondary polarization direction and reduces the formation of electric field coupling at the first feeder wire. Therefore, when two electromagnetic waves with mutually orthogonal primary polarization directions (i.e., dual-polarized electromagnetic waves) are fed into the radiation section through the first and second feeder wires respectively, the polarization plate can reduce the electric field coupling between the two feeder wires, i.e., the feed ports, which helps to improve port isolation.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the side of the polarizer facing the first feed segment contacts the first feed segment, and the side of the polarizer facing the second feed segment contacts the second feed segment. That is, in this implementation, there is no gap between the polarizer and the first feed segment, and no gap between the polarizer and the second feed segment. The two opposite sides of the polarizer contact the first and second feed segments respectively. This facilitates smooth and stable propagation of electromagnetic waves from the first feed segment through the polarizer to the second feed segment, or from the second feed segment through the polarizer to the first feed segment.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the coupling window has a dimension L1 along the first direction and a dimension L2 along the second direction, satisfying: L2 = m·L1, where m ranges from 2 to 20. That is, in this implementation, to better block electromagnetic waves in the second direction from passing through the polarization plate, the dimension of the coupling window along the second direction can be 2 to 20 times the dimension along the first direction. Furthermore, the size of the coupling window is related to the dielectric constant of the ends of the first and second feed sections facing the polarization plate at the coupling window; the smaller the dielectric constant, the larger the coupling window size.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the first feed line includes: a first conductor connected to the waveguide; a second conductor passing through the waveguide and extending into the first feed segment; and a first insulating layer located between the first conductor and the second conductor. That is, in this implementation, the first feed line may include two conductors, which are insulated from each other by the first insulating layer and are respectively connected to the waveguide and the first feed segment, so that the first feed line can transmit or receive electromagnetic waves through the dielectric rod and the waveguide.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the first feed line is a coaxial line, the first conductor is the outer conductor, and the second conductor is the inner conductor, with the first conductor surrounding the second conductor. That is, in this implementation, when the first feed line is a coaxial line, the first conductor surrounds the second conductor, and the end face of the first conductor can be connected to the waveguide. In this case, the first insulating layer can be a dielectric material. It is understood that, if necessary, the first feed line can also be a microstrip line. In this case, the first and second conductors are stacked, and insulation between the first and second conductors can be achieved through air or a dielectric material; that is, the first insulating layer can be air or a dielectric material.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the second feed line includes: a third conductor connected to the waveguide; a fourth conductor passing through the waveguide and extending into the second feed segment; and a second insulating layer located between the third and fourth conductors. That is, in this implementation, the second feed line may include two conductors, which are insulated from each other by the second insulating layer and are respectively connected to the waveguide and the second feed segment, so that the second feed line can transmit or receive electromagnetic waves through the dielectric rod and the waveguide.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the second feed line is a coaxial line, the third conductor is the outer conductor, and the fourth conductor is the inner conductor, with the third conductor surrounding the fourth conductor. That is, in this implementation, when the second feed line is a coaxial line, the third conductor surrounds the fourth conductor, and the end face of the third conductor can be connected to the waveguide. In this case, the second insulating layer can be a dielectric material. It is understood that, if necessary, the second feed line can also be a microstrip line. In this case, the third and fourth conductors are stacked, and insulation between the third and fourth conductors can be achieved through air or a dielectric material; that is, the second insulating layer can be air or a dielectric material.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the length of the portion of the first feed wire extending into the first feed segment is 0.2-0.6 times the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted or received by the first feed wire in the dielectric rod. That is, in this implementation, the length of the first feed wire extending into the first feed segment is related to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted or received by the first feed wire in the dielectric rod. Furthermore, the "wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the dielectric rod" is related to the dielectric material used in the dielectric rod, and the "length of the first feed wire extending into the first feed segment" can be the length of the second conductor extending into the first feed segment.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the length of the portion of the second feed wire extending into the second feed segment is 0.2-0.6 times the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted or received by the second feed wire in the dielectric rod. That is, in this implementation, the length of the second feed wire extending into the second feed segment is related to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted or received by the second feed wire in the dielectric rod. Furthermore, the "wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the dielectric rod" is related to the dielectric material used in the dielectric rod, and the "length of the second feed wire extending into the second feed segment" can be the length of the fourth conductor extending into the second feed segment.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the end of the waveguide away from the radiating section is closed. That is, in this implementation, to prevent electromagnetic waves from leaking from the first feed section, the end of the waveguide away from the radiating section (i.e., the end of the first feed section away from the radiating section) can be closed.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the first feed segment and the second feed segment have the same cross-sectional area, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the radiating segment decreases in the direction away from the second feed segment. That is, in this implementation, the radiating segment has a gradually changing structure. As the cross-sectional area of ​​the dielectric rod decreases, the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the dielectric rod increases. When it reaches the end of the dielectric rod, the phase velocity approaches the speed of light, thus allowing it to radiate into free space.

[0017] In one possible implementation, both the first and second feed sections are cylindrical or prismatic structures, and the radiating section is a frustum-shaped structure, with its large end connected to the second feed section. That is, in this implementation, to achieve a decrease in the cross-section of the radiating section along the direction away from the second feed section, the radiating section can be a frustum-shaped structure. Furthermore, the shape of the large end of the frustum-shaped structure can be the same as the shape of the cross-section of the second feed section, allowing the frustum-shaped structure to be matched and connected to the second feed section. Specifically, when both the first and second feed sections are cylindrical structures, the cross-section of the frustum-shaped structure can be cylindrical; when both the first and second feed sections are prismatic structures, the cross-section of the frustum-shaped structure can be prismatic.

[0018] In one possible implementation, both the first feed section and the second feed section are cylindrical or prismatic structures, and the radiating section includes a plurality of cylindrical or prismatic segments stacked along the length direction, wherein the cross-section of the plurality of cylindrical or prismatic segments decreases in the direction away from the second feed section. In other words, in this implementation, to achieve the reduction of the cross-section of the radiating segment along the direction away from the second feed segment, there are two possible structures, but not limited to the following: First structure – Multiple cylindrical segments are stacked along the length direction to form a radiating segment, and the diameter of the multiple cylindrical segments decreases along the direction away from the second feed segment. The central axes of the multiple cylindrical segments can coincide. In this case, both the first feed segment and the second feed segment can be cylindrical structures. Optionally, both the first feed segment and the second feed segment can also be prismatic structures. Second structure – Multiple prismatic segments are stacked along the length direction to form a radiating segment, and the cross-section of the multiple prismatic segments decreases along the direction away from the second feed segment. The central axes of the multiple prismatic segments can coincide. In this case, both the first feed segment and the second feed segment can be prismatic structures. Optionally, both the first feed segment and the second feed segment can also be cylindrical structures.

[0019] In a second aspect, a wireless communication device is provided, the wireless communication device comprising: a dielectric rod antenna provided in the first aspect; a first radio frequency circuit including a first interface, wherein a first feed line is connected to the first interface; and a second radio frequency circuit including a second interface, wherein a second feed line is connected to the second interface.

[0020] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed embodiments section. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art are briefly introduced below.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario for a dielectric rod antenna.

[0023] Figure 2A A three-dimensional view of a dielectric rod antenna with a local structure drawn using perspective drawing method;

[0024] Figure 2B for Figure 2A The front view of the dielectric rod antenna shown is shown.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of a dielectric rod antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The diagram shows an exploded view of the dielectric rod antenna.

[0027] Figure 5 for Figure 3 The partial structure of the dielectric rod antenna shown is illustrated using a perspective drawing of the assembly structure.

[0028] Figure 6 for Figure 5 The diagram shows the structure of the dielectric rod antenna in the main view direction.

[0029] Figure 7 for Figure 5 The diagram shows the structure of the dielectric rod antenna in the upward view direction;

[0030] Figure 8A This is a schematic diagram of another polarization plate of the dielectric rod antenna according to an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 8B This is a schematic diagram of another polarization plate of the dielectric rod antenna according to an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 8C This is a schematic diagram of another polarization plate of the dielectric rod antenna according to an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 9 for Figure 3 The graph shows the S-parameters of the dielectric rod antenna.

[0034] Figure 10 for Figure 3 The antenna pattern of the dielectric rod antenna is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] In the description of this application, the terms “center,” “upper,” “lower,” “front,” “rear,” “left,” “right,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “top,” “bottom,” “inner,” and “outer,” etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0037] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "joining" should be interpreted broadly, for example, they can be fixed connections, detachable connections, mating connections or integral connections; those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0038] Furthermore, in the description of this specification, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0039] Antenna isolation refers to the ratio of the transmitted signal from one antenna to the received signal from another antenna. Antenna isolation depends on the antenna radiation pattern, the spatial distance between the antennas, and the antenna gain. Isolation is a set of interference suppression measures taken to minimize the impact of various interferences on the receiver. Port isolation refers to the degree of mutual interference between feed ports. The greater the port isolation, the smaller the output signal at one port will be from another.

[0040] Orthogonal dual-polarized antennas function as two single-polarized antennas, meaning they can transmit (or receive) two electromagnetic waves with orthogonal main polarization directions through two separate feed ports, saving space and cost. When the two polarization directions in orthogonal dual-polarization transmit different electromagnetic wave signals, it can improve spectral efficiency and multiply transmission capacity along the same path and at the same frequency. When the two polarization directions transmit the same electromagnetic wave signal, the signals emitted by the two orthogonal antennas at the same location exhibit uncorrelated fading characteristics, enabling diversity reception. That is, by designing a pair of orthogonal polarized antennas at the transmitting and receiving ends, the two uncorrelated fading signals can be received separately, thereby improving reliability, reducing co-channel interference, and improving signal reception.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario for a dielectric rod antenna. For example... Figure 1 As shown, in high-bandwidth industrial scenarios, on the customer-premises equipment (CPE) side, an end-fire beam, i.e., a medium rod antenna, can be designed to point towards the access point (AP). Furthermore, by designing the antenna to resist interference, the bandwidth of the WLAN system used for communication between the AP and CPE can be improved. Optionally, the medium rod antenna can also be installed on the AP side. In this case, the AP needs to have an external interface, and the medium rod antenna is installed at this external interface. In other words, because the medium rod antenna is simple to install and its direction is adjustable, by designing a medium rod antenna with an anti-interference beam, it can be directly used for CPEs and APs with external interfaces. The following mainly uses the installation of a medium rod antenna on the CPE side as an example.

[0042] exist Figure 1 In the scenario shown, the dielectric rod antenna on the CPE side needs to have dual-polarization characteristics and a high port isolation requirement, for example, greater than 20 dB. However, dielectric rod antennas typically only have a single-polarization mode. A few dual-polarization designs exist, but the port isolation of dual-polarized dielectric rod antennas is insufficient.

[0043] Figure 2A This is a three-dimensional view of a dielectric rod antenna with a local structure drawn using perspective. Figure 2B for Figure 2A The front view of the dielectric rod antenna is shown. Figure 2A and Figure 2B As shown, the dielectric rod antenna includes a dielectric rod 1, a waveguide 2, a first feed coaxial line 3, and a second feed coaxial line 4. The dielectric rod 1 is made of a dielectric material, such as glass, and the waveguide 2 is made of a conductor material, such as metal. Figure 2A and Figure 2B In the diagram, perspective drawing is used at waveguide 2. The first feed coaxial line 3 is the first port, and the second feed coaxial line 4 is the second port. The dielectric rod 1 includes a feed section and a radiation section along its length. The cross-section of the feed section can be the same along its length, while the cross-section of the radiation section can decrease in the direction away from the feed section. Waveguide 2 is a conductor shell. The length of waveguide 2 can be the same as the length of the feed section, and the shape of waveguide 2 matches the shape of the feed section. The following description uses a cylindrical feed section as an example. It can be understood that the feed section can also be other shapes, such as a rectangle, in which case waveguide 2 is a rectangular conductor shell.

[0044] Specifically, such as Figure 2A As shown, the feed section is a cylindrical structure, the radiating section is a frustum structure, and the waveguide 2 is a cylindrical conductor shell. The cylindrical waveguide 2 wraps around the cylindrical feed section of the dielectric rod 1 and contacts the outer peripheral wall of the cylindrical feed section. Furthermore, the end of the cylindrical waveguide 2 away from the frustum-shaped radiating section is closed to prevent electromagnetic waves from leaking from the end of the cylindrical feed section away from the frustum-shaped radiating section. The extension direction of the portion of the first feed coaxial line 3 that passes through the waveguide 2 and extends into the cylindrical feed section is perpendicular to the extension direction of the portion of the second feed coaxial line 4 that passes through the waveguide 2 and extends into the cylindrical feed section, and both are perpendicular to the extension direction of the dielectric rod 1.

[0045] Since dielectric rod antennas typically only have a single polarization mode, that is, only include the first feed coaxial line 3 or the second feed coaxial line 4, in Figure 2A and Figure 2B In this case, the problem is simply changing a single coaxial feed to a dual coaxial feed, that is, simultaneously setting up a first feed coaxial line 3 or a second feed coaxial line 4 that are perpendicular to each other. This results in electric field coupling between the two feed lines, i.e., the feed ports. Specifically, when the first feed coaxial line 3 emits electromagnetic waves, part of the electromagnetic waves radiates into space through the frustum-shaped radiation section, while the other part reaches the second feed coaxial line 4, forming electric field coupling. Similarly, when the second feed coaxial line 4 emits electromagnetic waves, part of the electromagnetic waves radiates into space through the frustum-shaped radiation section, while the other part reaches the first feed coaxial line 3, forming electric field coupling, thus leading to poor port isolation.

[0046] Therefore, embodiments of this application provide a dielectric rod antenna and a wireless communication device. The wireless communication device includes a dielectric rod antenna, a first radio frequency (RF) circuit, and a second RF circuit. The dielectric rod antenna includes a first feed line and a second feed line. The first RF circuit includes a first interface, and the first feed line is connected to the first interface; the second RF circuit includes a second interface, and the second feed line is connected to the second interface. The first RF circuit and the second RF circuit can be integrated into the same chip, and the first RF circuit and the second RF circuit can be identical, i.e., the same RF circuit. This RF circuit may include the first interface and the second interface, or the RF circuit may include one interface connected to the input terminal of a power divider, the first feed line connected to the first output terminal of the power divider, and the second feed line connected to the second input terminal of the power divider. A power divider is a device that splits the energy of one input signal into two or more outputs of equal or unequal energy. Conversely, it can also combine the energy of multiple signals into one output, in which case it can also be called a combiner. A certain degree of isolation should be maintained between the output ports of a power divider. Power dividers are usually classified according to their output as 1-to-2 (one input, two outputs), 1-to-3 (one input, three outputs), etc.

[0047] The first feeder line can transmit or receive electromagnetic waves with a primary polarization direction of a first direction via a dielectric rod; the second feeder line can transmit or receive electromagnetic waves with a primary polarization direction of a second direction via a dielectric rod. The first and second directions are orthogonal. For example, the first direction can be horizontal and the second direction can be vertical; or, the first and second directions can be at positive and negative 45 degrees respectively.

[0048] The dielectric rod antenna of this application, when feeding two electromagnetic waves (i.e., dual-polarized electromagnetic waves) with mutually orthogonal main polarization directions into the radiation section, reduces the electric field coupling between the two feed lines (i.e., feed ports) by the polarizer, thereby improving the port isolation of the dual-polarized dielectric rod antenna. This dielectric rod antenna is suitable for products requiring an external end-fire antenna, such as CPEs and APs with external interfaces. That is, the wireless communication device can be a CPE or a base station such as an AP. An AP can be understood as a base station in a WLAN network.

[0049] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of a dielectric rod antenna provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 for Figure 3 The diagram shows an exploded view of the dielectric rod antenna. Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the dielectric rod antenna includes a dielectric rod 10, a waveguide 20, a first feed line 30, a second feed line 40, and a polarizer 50. The dielectric rod 10 can be made of a dielectric material with a high dielectric constant and low loss, such as glass. The waveguide 20 is made of a conductor material, such as metal. The dielectric rod 10 includes a first feed section 101, a second feed section 102, and a radiating section 103 along its length. The first feed section 101, the second feed section 102, and the radiating section 103 can be manufactured separately; alternatively, the second feed section 102 and the radiating section 103 can be integrally formed, while the first feed section 101 can be manufactured separately.

[0050] The cross-sectional areas of the first feed section 101 and the second feed section 102 can be the same. The waveguide 20 is a conductive shell, and its length can be the same as the sum of the lengths of the first feed section 101 and the second feed section 102. The shape of the waveguide 20 matches the shapes of the first feed section 101 and the second feed section 102, such that the waveguide 20 wraps around the outside of the first feed section 101 and the second feed section 102 and contacts the outer peripheral walls of the first feed section 101 and the second feed section 102. For example, in... Figure 3 and Figure 4 In this design, the first feed section 101 and the second feed section 102 are cylindrical structures, and the waveguide 20 is a cylindrical structure. Alternatively, the first feed section 101 and the second feed section 102 can be prismatic structures, and the waveguide 20 can be a prismatic cylinder. Furthermore, to prevent electromagnetic waves from leaking from the first feed section 101, the end of the waveguide 20 located at the end of the first feed section 101 away from the radiation section 103 can be sealed.

[0051] Furthermore, the cross-sectional dimensions of waveguide 20 are related to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating within it; or, the cross-sectional dimensions of the first feed section 101 and the second feed section 102 of dielectric rod 10 can be determined based on the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating in dielectric rod 10, and thus the cross-sectional dimensions of waveguide 20 can be determined (because waveguide 20 is wrapped around the first feed section 101 and the second feed section 102 and is in contact with the first feed section 101 and the second feed section 102). Taking the first feed section 101 and the second feed section 102 as examples where both are cylindrical structures, the radius of the first feed section 101 and the second feed section 102 can range from 0.25 to 0.5 times the wavelength. For example, the radius of both the first feed section 101 and the second feed section 102 is 0.29 times the wavelength.

[0052] Continue to refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4The cross-section of the radiating section 103 can decrease in the direction away from the second feed section 102. That is, to achieve terminal radiation of the electromagnetic wave, the radiating section 103 is designed with a tapered structure. As the cross-sectional area of ​​the dielectric rod 10 decreases during propagation within the rod, the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave increases. When it reaches the end of the dielectric rod 10, the phase velocity approaches the speed of light, allowing it to radiate into free space. Therefore, the dielectric rod antenna has good directivity and a low sidelobe level. Compared to horn antennas, dielectric rod antennas have a smaller size and lower manufacturing cost.

[0053] The radiating section 103 can be a frustum-shaped structure, with its large end connected to the second feed section 102. Furthermore, the shape of the large end of the frustum-shaped structure can be the same as the cross-sectional shape of the second feed section 102, allowing for a matching connection between the frustum-shaped structure and the second feed section 102. For example, in... Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the case where both the first feed section 101 and the second feed section 102 are cylindrical structures, the cross-section of the frustum-shaped structure is also cylindrical. Alternatively, when both the first feed section 101 and the second feed section 102 are prismatic structures, the cross-section of the frustum-shaped structure is also prismatic.

[0054] Optionally, to reduce processing difficulty, in one example, the radiating segment 103 may include multiple cylindrical segments stacked along the length direction, the diameter of the multiple cylindrical segments decreasing in the direction away from the second feed segment 102. In this case, the first feed segment 101 and the second feed segment 102 may both be cylindrical structures, or the first feed segment 101 and the second feed segment 102 may both be prismatic structures. In another example, the radiating segment 103 includes multiple prismatic segments stacked along the length direction, the cross-section of the multiple prismatic segments decreasing in the direction away from the second feed segment 102. In this case, the first feed segment 101 and the second feed segment 102 may both be prismatic structures, or the first feed segment 101 and the second feed segment 102 may both be cylindrical structures.

[0055] When the antenna is working, the dual-polarized electromagnetic waves need to be fed by the first feed line 30 (i.e., the first port) and the second feed line 40 (i.e., the second port), respectively. In other words, the dielectric rod antenna is fed by the two ports, namely the first feed line 30 and the second feed line 40, to form dual-polarized electromagnetic waves. When the first feed line 30 is fed, part of the electromagnetic waves are blocked by the polarizer 50 and will not be conducted to the second feed line 40. The other part of the electromagnetic waves can be conducted through the polarizer 50 to the second feed section 102, and then to the radiation section 103. During the transmission process, as the cross-sectional area of ​​the radiation section 103 decreases, an end-fire directional beam is formed. When the second feed line 40 is fed, part of the electromagnetic waves are blocked by the polarizer 50 and will not be conducted to the first feed line 30, but can be conducted from the second feed section 102 to the radiation section 103. Similarly, during the transmission process, as the cross-sectional area of ​​the radiation section 103 decreases, an end-fire directional beam is formed. The difference is that the polarization of this end-fire directional beam is orthogonal to the end-fire directional beam formed when fed by the first feed line 30.

[0056] Figure 5 for Figure 3 The partial structure of the dielectric rod antenna shown is illustrated using a perspective drawing of the assembly structure. Specifically, in Figure 5 In the design, perspective drawing was used at 20 points along the waveguide. For example... Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the first feed line 30 passes through the waveguide 20 and extends into the first feed section 101, and the portion of the first feed line 30 extending into the first feed section 101 extends horizontally along a first direction, which is perpendicular to the length direction of the dielectric rod 10. The second feed line 40 passes through the waveguide 20 and extends into the second feed section 102, and the portion of the second feed line 40 extending into the second feed section 102 extends vertically along a second direction, which is perpendicular to both the length direction of the dielectric rod 10 and the first direction.

[0057] Figure 6 for Figure 5 The diagram shows the structure of the dielectric rod antenna in the main view direction. Figure 7 for Figure 5 The diagram shows the structure of the dielectric rod antenna in the upward view. Figures 4-7 As shown, the polarizer 50 is a conductor sheet located between the first feed section 101 and the second feed section 102, and the plane of the polarizer 50 is perpendicular to the length direction of the dielectric rod 10. The polarizer 50 includes a coupling window 501, the dimension of which along the second direction (vertical direction) is larger than the dimension along the first direction (horizontal direction), so that the polarizer 50 can allow electromagnetic waves in the first direction to pass through and can block electromagnetic waves in the second direction from passing through.

[0058] The first feeder line 30 can emit or receive electromagnetic waves with a primary polarization direction of the first direction through the first feed section 101, polarization plate 50, second feed section 102, and radiation section 103. The first feeder line 30 emits electromagnetic waves with a primary polarization direction of the first direction (including a small number of electromagnetic waves with a secondary polarization direction). When passing through the polarization plate 50, the electromagnetic waves with the primary polarization direction are allowed to pass through while the electromagnetic waves with the secondary polarization direction are blocked from passing through. This avoids the second feeder line 40 receiving electromagnetic waves with the secondary polarization direction and reduces the formation of electric field coupling at the second feeder line 40.

[0059] The second feeder line 40 can transmit or receive electromagnetic waves with a primary polarization direction of the second direction through the second feed section 102 and the radiation section 103. The second feeder line 40 transmits electromagnetic waves with a primary polarization direction of the second direction (including a small number of electromagnetic waves with a primary polarization direction of the first direction). When it passes through the polarization plate 50, it can block the passage of electromagnetic waves with the second direction, thereby preventing the first feeder line 30 from receiving electromagnetic waves with the second direction and reducing the formation of electric field coupling at the first feeder line 30.

[0060] In the embodiment of this application, two electromagnetic waves with mutually orthogonal main polarization directions are fed into the radiation section through two feed lines, i.e., feed ports. The polarizer 50 can reduce the electric field coupling between the two feed ports, which helps to improve the port isolation.

[0061] Continue to refer to Figures 4-7 The side of the polarizer 50 facing the first feed section 101 can contact the first feed section 101, and the side of the polarizer 50 facing the second feed section 102 can contact the second feed section 102. This helps to allow electromagnetic waves to propagate smoothly and stably from the first feed section 101 through the polarizer 50 to the second feed section 102 or from the second feed section 102 through the polarizer 50 to the first feed section 101.

[0062] The first feed line 30 may include a first conductor 301, a second conductor 302, and a first insulating layer 303. The first conductor 301 is connected to the waveguide 20. The second conductor 302 passes through the waveguide 20 and extends into the first feed segment 101. The first insulating layer 303 is located between the first conductor 301 and the second conductor 302. The first insulating layer 303 may be a dielectric material or air. In one example, the length of the portion of the first feed line 30 extending into the first feed segment 101 is 0.2-0.6 times the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted or received by the first feed line 30 in the dielectric rod 10 (i.e., the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted or received by the first feed line 30 through the dielectric rod 10). Furthermore, the "wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the dielectric rod 10" is related to the dielectric material used in the dielectric rod 10, and the "length of the first feed line 30 extending into the first feed segment 101" may be the length of the second conductor 302 extending into the first feed segment 101.

[0063] For example, the length of the portion of the first feed line 30, such as the second conductor 302, extending into the first feed segment 101 is approximately half the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted or received by the first feed line 30 in the dielectric rod 10. It is understood that, where necessary, the length of the portion of the second conductor 302 extending into the first feed segment 101 can be longer or shorter; for example, the length of the portion of the second conductor 302 extending into the first feed segment 101 can be 0.1 to 1 times the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted or received by the first feed line 30 in the dielectric rod 10.

[0064] Furthermore, the first feed line 30 can be a coaxial line, with the first conductor 301 as the outer conductor and the second conductor 302 as the inner conductor, and the first conductor 301 surrounding the second conductor 302. In this case, the first insulating layer 303 can be a dielectric material. Alternatively, the first feed line 30 can also be a microstrip line, with the first conductor 301 and the second conductor 302 stacked. In this case, the first conductor 301 and the second conductor 302 can be spaced apart, and the first conductor 301 and the second conductor 302 are insulated from each other by air, i.e., the first insulating layer 303 is air; or, a dielectric material can be used to insulate between the first conductor 301 and the second conductor 302, i.e., the first insulating layer 303 is a dielectric material.

[0065] Additionally, the second feed line 40 may include a third conductor 401, a fourth conductor 402, and a second insulating layer 403. The third conductor 401 is connected to the waveguide 20; the fourth conductor 402 passes through the waveguide 20 and extends into the second feed segment 102; the second insulating layer 403 is located between the third conductor 401 and the fourth conductor 402. The second insulating layer 403 may be a dielectric material or air. In one example, the length of the portion of the second feed line 40 extending into the second feed segment 102 is 0.2-0.6 times the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted or received by the second feed line 40 in the dielectric rod 10 (i.e., the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted or received by the second feed line 40 through the dielectric rod 10). Furthermore, the "wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the dielectric rod 10" is related to the dielectric material used in the dielectric rod 10, and the "length of the second feed line 40 extending into the second feed segment 102" may be the length of the fourth conductor 402 extending into the second feed segment 102.

[0066] For example, the length of the portion of the second feed line 40, such as the fourth conductor 402, extending into the second feed segment 102 is approximately half the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted or received by the second feed line 40 in the dielectric rod 10. It is understood that, where necessary, the length of the portion of the fourth conductor 402 extending into the second feed segment 102 can be longer or shorter; for example, the length of the portion of the fourth conductor 402 extending into the second feed segment 102 can be 0.1 to 1 times the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted or received by the second feed line 40 in the dielectric rod 10.

[0067] Furthermore, the second feeder line 40 can be a coaxial line, with the third conductor 401 as the outer conductor and the fourth conductor 402 as the inner conductor, and the third conductor 401 surrounding the fourth conductor 402. In this case, the second insulating layer 403 can be a dielectric material. Alternatively, the second feeder line 40 can also be a microstrip line, with the third conductor 401 and the fourth conductor 402 stacked. In this case, the third conductor 401 and the fourth conductor 402 can be spaced apart, and the third conductor 401 and the fourth conductor 402 are insulated from each other by air, i.e., the second insulating layer 403 is air; or, a dielectric material can be used to insulate between the third conductor 401 and the fourth conductor 402, i.e., the second insulating layer 403 is a dielectric material.

[0068] Furthermore, in order to enable the polarizer 50 to better block electromagnetic waves from passing through in the second direction, in Figures 3-7 In this context, the dimension of coupling window 501 along the first direction can be L1, and the dimension of coupling window 501 along the second direction can be L2, satisfying: L2 = m·L1, where the value of m ranges from 2 to 20. Furthermore, as... Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the coupling window 501 can be rectangular. Alternatively, the coupling window 501 can also be other shapes, such as parallelograms, ellipses, etc.

[0069] Figure 8A This is a schematic diagram of another polarization plate for a dielectric rod antenna according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 8A As shown, the coupling window 501 includes a first side and a second side, as well as a third side and a fourth side, which are spaced apart from each other. The first side and the second side extend along a second direction, such as the vertical direction. The third side and the fourth side are straight lines and extend along a direction that forms an angle with the first direction, such as the horizontal direction. In this case, the coupling window 501 is a parallelogram.

[0070] Figure 8B This is a schematic diagram of another polarization plate for a dielectric rod antenna according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 8A The difference shown is that, in Figure 8B In the middle, both the third and fourth sides are curved lines, and both the third and fourth sides are curved in a direction away from the interior of the coupling window 501. Alternatively, both the third and fourth sides may be curved in a direction towards the interior of the coupling window 501.

[0071] Figure 8C This is a schematic diagram of another polarization plate for a dielectric rod antenna according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 8A The difference shown is that, in Figure 8CIn the third side, there are two straight segments and a U-shaped segment between the two straight segments. The opening of the U-shaped segment can face the interior of the coupling window 501, or alternatively, the opening of the U-shaped segment can face the exterior of the coupling window 501. The structure of the fourth side can be symmetrical or identical to that of the third side.

[0072] Figure 9 for Figure 3 The graph shows the S-parameters of the dielectric rod antenna. Furthermore, in... Figure 9 In this example, we only use the curves of the port reflection coefficient S22 and port isolation S12 from the S-parameters. S-parameters are network parameters based on the relationship between incident and reflected waves, suitable for microwave circuit analysis. They describe the circuit network using the reflected signal from the device port and the signal transmitted from one port to another. For the four S-parameters of a two-port network, Sij represents the energy injected from port j and measured at port i. For example, S11 is defined as the square root of the ratio of the energy reflected from port 1 to the input energy, and is often simplified to the ratio of the equivalent reflected voltage to the equivalent incident voltage. The physical meanings of each parameter and the characteristics of special networks are as follows: S11—Reflection coefficient of port 1 (input return loss) when port 2 is matched; S22—Reflection coefficient of port 2 (output return loss) when port 1 is matched; S12—Reverse transmission coefficient from port 2 to port 1 when port 1 is matched; S21—Forward transmission coefficient from port 1 to port 2 when port 2 is matched. S11 and S22 are port reflection coefficients; S12 and S21 are port isolation; and port matching means that the port has no reflection.

[0073] like Figure 9 As shown, the first feed line 30, i.e. port 1, is fed through the polarizer 50, and the second feed line 40, i.e. port 2, is fed directly. The combined use of the two methods of feeding through the polarizer 50 and direct feeding results in a port reflection coefficient S22 of less than -10dB, which meets the system requirements. The port isolation S12 achieves more than 50dB, which is higher than the system requirements, such as a minimum of 20dB.

[0074] Figure 10 for Figure 3 The antenna pattern of the dielectric rod antenna is shown. Figure 10 As shown, the first feed line 30 is port 1 and the second feed line 40 is port 2. When the two feed ports are fed separately, the antenna patterns of port 1 and port 2 match well, both showing good directivity and low sidelobe effect.

[0075] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A dielectric rod antenna, characterized in that, include: The dielectric rod (10) includes, along its length, a first feed section (101), a second feed section (102), and a radiation section (103). Waveguide (20) is wrapped around the first feed section (101) and the second feed section (102); The first feed line (30) passes through the waveguide (20) and extends into the first feed section (101), and the portion of the first feed line (30) extending into the first feed section (101) extends along a first direction, which is perpendicular to the length direction of the dielectric rod (10). The second feed line (40) passes through the waveguide (20) and extends into the second feed section (102), and the portion of the second feed line (40) extending into the second feed section (102) extends along a second direction, which is perpendicular to both the length direction of the dielectric rod (10) and the first direction. A polarizer (50) is located between the first feed section (101) and the second feed section (102), and the plane of the polarizer (50) is perpendicular to the length direction of the dielectric rod (10); the polarizer (50) includes a coupling window (501), and the dimension of the coupling window (501) along the second direction is greater than the dimension along the first direction.

2. The dielectric rod antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coupling window (501) has a size of L1 along the first direction and a size of L2 along the second direction, satisfying: L2 = m·L1, where m ranges from 2 to 20.

3. The dielectric rod antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first feeder line (30) includes: The first conductor (301) is connected to the waveguide (20); The second conductor (302) passes through the waveguide (20) and extends into the first feed section (101); The first insulating layer (303) is located between the first conductor (301) and the second conductor (302).

4. The dielectric rod antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first feed line (30) is a coaxial line, the first conductor (301) is an outer conductor, the second conductor (302) is an inner conductor, and the first conductor (301) is arranged around the second conductor (302).

5. The dielectric rod antenna according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The second feeder line (40) includes: The third conductor (401) is connected to the waveguide (20); The fourth conductor (402) passes through the waveguide (20) and extends into the second feed section (102); The second insulating layer (403) is located between the third conductor (401) and the fourth conductor (402).

6. The dielectric rod antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second feeder line (40) is a coaxial line, the third conductor (401) is an outer conductor, the fourth conductor (402) is an inner conductor, and the third conductor (401) is arranged around the fourth conductor (402).

7. The dielectric rod antenna according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The length of the portion of the first feed line (30) extending into the first feed section (101) is 0.2-0.6 times the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted or received by the first feed line (30) in the medium rod (10).

8. The dielectric rod antenna according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The length of the portion of the second feed line (40) extending into the second feed section (102) is 0.2-0.6 times the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted or received by the second feed line (40) in the dielectric rod (10).

9. The dielectric rod antenna according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The end of the waveguide (20) away from the radiation section (103) is closed.

10. The dielectric rod antenna according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The first feed section (101) and the second feed section (102) have the same cross-sectional area, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the radiation section (103) decreases in the direction away from the second feed section (102).

11. The dielectric rod antenna according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The first feed section (101) and the second feed section (102) are both cylindrical or prismatic structures, and the radiation section (103) is a frustum-shaped structure. The large end of the frustum-shaped structure is connected to the second feed section (102).

12. The dielectric rod antenna according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The first feed section (101) and the second feed section (102) are both cylindrical or prismatic structures. The radiation section (103) includes multiple cylindrical or prismatic segments stacked along the length direction. The cross-section of the multiple cylindrical or prismatic segments decreases in the direction away from the second feed section (102).

13. A wireless communication device, characterized in that, include: At least one dielectric rod antenna according to any one of claims 1-12; A first radio frequency circuit includes a first interface, and a first feed line (30) is connected to the first interface; The second radio frequency circuit includes a second interface, and the second feed line (40) is connected to the second interface.

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