Method for measuring geological profile by RTK-equipped unmanned aerial vehicle

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of geological survey, and particularly relates to a method for measuring geological profile by using unmanned aerial vehicle with RTK. The technical problems of difficulty in measurement and artificial error in measurement when encountering relatively steep valleys in current geological mapping operation are solved. In the first step, a higher point is selected and three measuring lines are designed along three directions from the point for the site where the geological profile measurement is to be performed; the intersection points between each geological boundary and the three profile lines are viewed from the air by using the unmanned aerial vehicle; and the coordinates of each intersection point are measured by using the unmanned aerial vehicle. In the second step, the elevations of each intersection point are determined by using the horizontal laser equipment on the unmanned aerial vehicle from top to bottom on the three profile lines. In the third step, after the coordinates and elevations of each intersection point are determined, triangles are drawn respectively and the true inclination and true dip angle of each triangle are obtained step by step; and the profile structure of the site can be drawn by combining the coordinates and elevations of all intersection points and the true inclination and true dip angle of each triangle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of geological survey, specifically a method for measuring geological profiles using an RTK drone. Background Technology

[0002] In geological surveys, geological mapping often requires manual measurement, especially in geological profile surveys. Encountering relatively steep valleys can pose significant challenges, and human error can lead to coordinate inaccuracies when identifying boundaries. To address this issue, this method was designed for easy application in geological mapping, enabling more accurate measurement of boundary coordinates while preserving original records and enhancing image data. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention addresses the technical challenges of measuring steep valleys and the inherent human error in current geological mapping operations by providing a method for measuring geological profiles using an RTK drone.

[0004] This invention is achieved using the following technical solution, comprising the following steps: First step: For the site where geological profile measurements are to be performed, select a relatively high point A (here, "relatively high" means that three measurement lines drawn from this point can cover all strata of the geological profile). Starting from point A, design three measurement lines in three directions, namely, AB, AC, and AD, three profile lines; use a drone to observe from the air the intersection points B1, B2...B1 between each geological boundary line and the three profile lines. n C1, C2...C n D1, D2...D n The coordinates of each intersection point were measured using a drone. The second step: Using a horizontal laser device on a drone, measure the elevation of each intersection point from top to bottom along the three profile lines. The third step: Extract the data. After determining the coordinates and elevations of each intersection point, first connect points B1, C1, and D1 to form triangle B1C1D1. In terms of elevation, B1 is the highest, C1 is the lowest, and D1 is in the middle. Draw a horizontal plane through D1, which intersects the line connecting the highest and lowest points B1C1 at point E1. Draw a perpendicular line through the highest point B1 to the horizontal plane, intersecting at point O1. Draw a perpendicular line through O1 to E1D1, intersecting at point F1. Since the elevations and coordinates of B1, C1, and D1 are known, as are the coordinates of E1, O1, and F1, the true dip direction B1F1 and the true dip angle α of triangle B1C1D1 can be determined. The true dip angle is the maximum angle between the horizontal plane and the rock stratum, i.e., ∠B1F1O1. Using the above method, triangles B2C2D2 and B1C2D1 are gradually obtained. n C n D n The true inclination and true tilt angle; By combining the coordinates and elevations of all intersection points, as well as the true dip and true inclination of each triangle, the cross-sectional structure of the site can be drawn.

[0005] The RTK drone used in step one provides more accurate positioning and measurement of geological boundaries than handheld GPS, offering advantages such as relatively objective data and overcoming human factors and errors inherent in handheld GPS. Step two uses the drone to locate the elevation of strata, saving manpower, especially on steeper sections, making profile measurement more convenient. Step three calculates the stratigraphic attitude using positioning coordinates and elevation data, enabling more accurate remote measurement of stratigraphic attitude and profiles without human intervention, providing technical support for improving efficiency in the geological survey industry.

[0006] The method described in this invention can accurately measure geological profile boundary points to the centimeter level using RTK, thus more accurately determining strata. This method is simple, practical, economical, reliable, and effectively ensures the safety of field mapping personnel. Attached Figure Description

[0007] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the markings of the three measuring lines described in step one of this invention.

[0008] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the UAV measuring the elevation of each intersection point in step two of this invention.

[0009] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of measuring the inclination and tilt angle of the triangle in step three of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0010] To make the technical means, inventive features, objectives, and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments: Example 1 The present invention mainly consists of three steps: First step: as follows Figure 1 As shown, for the site where geological profile measurements are to be conducted, a higher point A is selected, and three measurement lines are designed from point A in three directions, namely the three profile lines AB, AC, and AD. A drone is used to observe from the air the intersection points B1, B2...B1 between each geological boundary line and the three profile lines. n C1, C2...C n D1, D2...D n The coordinates of each intersection point were measured using a drone. Second step: As Figure 2 As shown, the elevation of each intersection point is determined from top to bottom along the three profile lines using a horizontal laser device mounted on a drone. Third step: Extract data, such as Figure 3As shown, after determining the coordinates and elevations of each intersection point, first connect points B1, C1, and D1 to form triangle B1C1D1. Draw a horizontal plane through D1, intersecting B1C1 at point E1. Draw a perpendicular line through B1, intersecting this horizontal plane at point O1. Draw a perpendicular line through O1 to E1D1, intersecting E1D1 at point F1. Since the elevations and coordinates of B1, C1, and D1 are known, E1 and O1... The coordinates of F1 are also known, so the true dip and true inclination angle of triangle B1C1D1 can be determined; the dip is B1F1; the true inclination angle α refers to ∠B1F1O1. For points B2, C2, and D2, construct triangle B2C2D2. Draw a horizontal plane through D2, intersecting B2C2 at point E2. Draw a perpendicular line through B2, intersecting this horizontal plane at point O2. Draw a perpendicular line through O2 to E2D2, intersecting E2D2 at point F2. Since the elevations and coordinates of B2, C2, and D2 are known, and the coordinates of E2, O2, and F2 are also known, the true dip and true inclination angle of triangle B2C2D2 can be determined. Similarly, for points B... n C n D n Three points, past D n Draw a horizontal plane, with B n C n Intersection with E n Point, past B n Draw a perpendicular line intersecting the horizontal plane at point O. n Point, past O n Do E n D n The perpendicular line to E n D n Intersection with F n Point, thus obtaining triangle B n C n D n The true dip and true dip angle; using the above method, triangle B2C2D2 and triangle B are gradually obtained. n C n D n The tendency and angle of inclination; By combining the coordinates and elevations of all intersection points, as well as the dip and inclination of each triangle, the cross-sectional structure of the site can be drawn.

[0011] The working principle of this invention is as follows: First, three profile lines AB, AC, and AD are selected from three directions on the selected profile. The coordinates and elevations of the intersection points between each profile line and the stratigraphic boundary are measured in the air using a drone. After the coordinates and elevations are collected, the stratigraphic attitude is calculated using the coordinates and elevations, and finally, a geological profile map is drawn.

[0012] The foregoing embodiments, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrate the present invention. In practice, the determination of the true dip and true inclination angle of a triangle is based on the actual situation. Taking triangle B1C1D1 as an example, according to height, B1 is the highest point, D1 is the midpoint, and C1 is the lowest point. A horizontal plane is drawn through the midpoint D1. This horizontal plane intersects the line connecting the highest and lowest points, B1C1, at point E1. A perpendicular line is drawn from the highest point B1 to this horizontal plane, intersecting at point O1. A perpendicular line is drawn from O1 to the line connecting the midpoints D1 and E1, intersecting at point F1. The true dip is B1F1, and the true inclination angle is ∠B1F1O1. If C1 is the highest point, B1 is the midpoint, and D1 is the lowest point, then the true dip and true inclination angle of the triangle are determined according to the above rules: that is, a horizontal plane is drawn through the midpoint B1, and the line connecting the horizontal plane to the highest point C1 and the lowest point D1, C1D1, intersects at point E1; and so on.

[0013] This embodiment does not limit the shape, structure, steps, etc. of the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring geological profiles using an RTK unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: Step 1: For the site where geological profile measurements are to be conducted, select a high point A and design three measurement lines from point A along three directions, namely, the three profile lines AB, AC, and AD; use a drone to observe from the air the intersection points B1, B2...B1 between each geological boundary line and the three profile lines. n C1, C2...C n D1, D2...D n The coordinates of each intersection point were measured using a drone. The second step: Using a horizontal laser device on a drone, measure the elevation of each intersection point from top to bottom along the three profile lines. The third step: Extract the data. After determining the coordinates and elevations of each intersection point, first connect points B1, C1, and D1 to form triangle B1C1D1. In terms of elevation, B1 is the highest, C1 is the lowest, and D1 is in the middle. Draw a horizontal plane through D1, which intersects the line connecting the highest and lowest points B1C1 at point E1. Draw a perpendicular line through the highest point B1 to the horizontal plane, intersecting at point O1. Draw a perpendicular line through O1 to E1D1, intersecting at point F1. Since the elevations and coordinates of B1, C1, and D1 are known, as are the coordinates of E1, O1, and F1, the true dip direction B1F1 and the true dip angle α of triangle B1C1D1 can be determined. The true dip angle is the maximum angle between the horizontal plane and the rock stratum, i.e., ∠B1F1O1. Using the above method, triangles B2C2D2 and B1C2D1 are gradually obtained. n C n D n The true inclination and true tilt angle; By combining the coordinates and elevations of all intersection points, as well as the true dip and true inclination of each triangle, the cross-sectional structure of the site can be drawn.

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