Injection-molded tooth with pulp and method of making

Abstract

This invention discloses a pulp-containing model tooth formed by injection thermofusion and its manufacturing method. The model tooth has a lower pulp chamber with an upper opening within a dentin root model. The lower segment of the pulp model is inserted into the lower pulp chamber. The dentin root model containing the pulp model is then placed into the dentin root positioning cavity of the lower mold, while the enamel model is placed into the enamel positioning cavity of the upper mold. An annular cavity is formed between the enamel, the dentin root, the upper segment of the pulp model, and the inner wall of the cavity after the upper and lower molds are joined. Dentin-like material is injected into this annular cavity to form the dentin crown model, simultaneously thermofusion bonding the enamel model and the dentin root model into a single unit, completely covering and sealing the pulp model. This invention's model tooth is beneficial for high-fidelity dental simulation teaching, and it features high molding efficiency, simple manufacturing process, and low production cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a dental model, and more particularly to a pulp-containing model tooth formed by injection thermofusion and its fabrication method. Background Technology

[0002] The demand for model teeth used in dental simulation training is relatively high among students during their internships.

[0003] According to real clinical anatomy, the structure of a model tooth should be divided into at least three parts: the enamel layer, the dentin layer, and the pulp (cavity). The pulp (cavity) refers to the fact that the model tooth structure does not necessarily contain pulp, but it must contain a pulp chamber.

[0004] These three features all need to be formed, and the current production process results in high costs, making the model teeth very expensive and increasing teaching costs.

[0005] One existing manufacturing process involves molding the enamel and dentin layers separately and then bonding them together with glue.

[0006] The disadvantages are:

[0007] 1. Two separately molded parts, made of different materials with different shrinkage rates, inevitably have a gap between them. This gap can be seen on X-rays and appears abnormal.

[0008] 2. The adhesive bonding strength is not high. Because the teeth are cut by a high-speed dental handpiece, there are frequent complaints that large pieces of enamel fragments break off and fly out during the cutting process, which is inconsistent with clinical practice.

[0009] 3. Adhesive bonding is labor-intensive and increases the defect rate.

[0010] 4. Because according to actual anatomical features, the dental pulp is inside the dentin. Due to the inverted shape, the dentin should also be formed in two steps and then bonded according to the current process. In total, it needs to be bonded twice, which will increase the labor and defect rate.

[0011] The second existing production process is 3D printing.

[0012] Although there are various types of 3D printers on the market that can print the shapes we require, they all have their own shortcomings. The disadvantages of this production process are:

[0013] (1) There are limitations in the selection of materials for 3D printing. The parameters that affect the cutting feel, such as the hardness of simulated tooth enamel materials, are very different from those of real tooth enamel.

[0014] (2) Polishing is required after printing. In most cases, the material needs to be supported manually, which consumes a lot of manpower and affects the dimensional accuracy.

[0015] (3) The defect rate of printing pulp root canals with a diameter of less than 0.5 mm is very high;

[0016] (4) The printing time is relatively long, so the equipment depreciation cost is high and the unit price of the product is expensive;

[0017] (5) If a metal nut is to be embedded in order to install the teeth on the model, an additional bonding or screw-in bonding process must be added. Summary of the Invention

[0018] To overcome the above shortcomings, the present invention provides a pulp-containing model tooth formed by injection thermofusion and a method for manufacturing the same. The pulp-containing model tooth manufactured by injection thermofusion has a high degree of simulation and high production efficiency.

[0019] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: a tooth containing a pulp model formed by injection molding, comprising an enamel model, a dentin crown model, a dentin root model, and a pulp model. The dentin root model has a lower pulp chamber with an upper opening. The lower segment of the pulp model is inserted into the lower pulp chamber. The dentin crown model is integrally formed between the enamel model and the dentin root model by in-mold injection molding. The upper end of the dentin crown model and the lower end of the enamel model are thermally fused together to form an integral structure. The lower end of the dentin crown model, the upper end of the dentin root model, and the upper outer surface of the pulp model extending out of the lower pulp chamber are thermally fused together to form an integral structure.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, the upper end of the dentin root model is formed with a radially contracted boss structure, the lower pulp chamber is formed inside the dentin root model and the boss structure thereon, the lower end of the dentin crown model is formed with an opening groove matching the shape of the boss structure, and the bottom surface of the opening groove forms an upper pulp chamber matching the shape of the upper segment of the pulp model extending out of the lower pulp chamber. The boss structure at the upper end of the dentin root model is inserted into the opening groove at the lower end of the dentin crown model, and the upper segment of the pulp model extending out of the lower pulp chamber is inserted into the upper pulp chamber. The outer side of the dentin crown model forms a "convex" step structure with the upper segment having a smaller radial dimension than the lower segment. The lower end of the enamel model is formed with a dentin thermal fusion groove, and the upper segment of the dentin crown model is inserted into the dentin thermal fusion groove of the enamel model.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, the pulp model is a hard pulp model made of hard material.

[0022] As a further improvement of the present invention, the pulp model includes a soft pulp model formed by filling the lower pulp chamber with a soft gel material and a pulp cap model made of a hard material. The pulp cap model is movablely installed on the upper end of the dentin root model and completely covers the opening of the lower pulp chamber. The pulp cap model is thermally fused and accommodated on the inner side of the lower end of the dentin crown model.

[0023] As a further improvement of the present invention, the pulp cap model and the upper surface of the dentin root model are fixedly positioned by a snap-fit ​​connection structure.

[0024] As a further improvement of the present invention, the lower end of the dentin root model is also provided with a root canal insertion hole and a connecting threaded hole for installation.

[0025] A method for fabricating a pulp-containing model tooth by injection molding includes the following steps:

[0026] Step 1: Design and manufacture a tooth enamel molding mold according to the morphology of tooth enamel, and use a tooth enamel-like material to inject into the tooth enamel molding mold to form a tooth enamel model;

[0027] Step 2: Design and fabricate a dentin root molding mold according to the morphology of the dentin root, and inject imitation dentin material into the dentin root molding mold to form a dentin root model;

[0028] Step 3: Insert the pulp model into the dentin root model;

[0029] Step 4: Design and manufacture a complete tooth molding mold according to the appearance of the complete tooth model. The complete tooth molding mold includes an upper mold and a lower mold. The upper mold (or lower mold) has an enamel positioning cavity that fits the shape of the enamel model, and the lower mold (or upper mold) has a dentin root positioning cavity that fits the shape of the dentin root model.

[0030] Step 5: First, place the enamel component into the enamel positioning cavity for positioning. Then, place the dentin root model with pulp model into the dentin root positioning cavity for positioning. Next, the upper and lower molds of the complete tooth forming mold are joined together. After joining, the cavities of the upper and lower molds are sealed and spliced ​​to form a cavity space that matches the complete tooth model. This cavity space forms an annular cavity with the shape of the dentin crown model between the enamel model and the dentin root model. The imitation dentin material is injected into the above-mentioned annular cavity. After the imitation dentin material solidifies and is demolded, the entire tooth model is formed.

[0031] As a further improvement of the present invention, step three includes the following two sub-steps:

[0032] Step (3-1): Design and fabricate a pulp molding mold according to the pulp morphology, and inject heat-resistant material (which will not be melted by dentin material) into the pulp molding mold to form a pulp model;

[0033] Step (3-2): Insert the pulp model completely into the dentin root model.

[0034] As a further improvement of the present invention, step three includes the following two sub-steps:

[0035] Step (3.1): Fill the lower pulp chamber of the dentin root model with a soft, pulp-like material;

[0036] Step (3.2): Design and fabricate a pulp cover mold according to the shape of the pulp cover, and inject the same dentin-like material as the dentin root model into the pulp cover mold to form a pulp cover model;

[0037] Step (3.3): Attach the pulp cap model to the top of the dentin root model and cover the soft pulp model formed by the soft rubber material.

[0038] As a further improvement of the present invention, the dental enamel material is prepared by adding inorganic materials to the dental enamel material.

[0039] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention separates the dentin portion into two parts: a dentin crown model and a dentin root model. Both the dentin crown model and the dentin root model are made of a dentin-like material consistent with natural dentin. The dentin crown model is formed between the enamel model and the dentin root model using an injection molding process. The enamel model and the dentin root model are combined into a single structure through thermal fusion. This ensures that the enamel and dentin layers of the model tooth are seamless when X-rayed, and that no large fragments of enamel break off when cut by a high-speed dental handpiece. The shape and cutting effect are consistent with natural teeth, which is beneficial for high-fidelity dental simulation teaching. Furthermore, the dentin crown model and enamel model of this application are consistent with the top surfaces of dentin and enamel of natural teeth, respectively, so that the model tooth achieves the effect of a simulated tooth in terms of material and shape. Moreover, the model tooth of this application is formed by injection molding, which has high molding efficiency, simple manufacturing process, and low manufacturing cost, making it beneficial for teaching use. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional perspective view of the disassembled state of the model teeth of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a front view of the decomposed state of the model teeth of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a front view of the teeth of the model of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a top view of the model teeth of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional view of the model teeth of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional perspective view of a model tooth with a hard pulp model according to the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 This is a front perspective view of a model tooth with a hard pulp model according to the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional perspective view of a model tooth with a soft pulp model according to the present invention;

[0048] Figure 9 This is a front perspective view of a model tooth with a soft pulp model according to the present invention;

[0049] Figure 10 A three-dimensional model of tooth enamel;

[0050] Figure 11 This is the front view of a tooth enamel model;

[0051] Figure 12 This is the main perspective view of a tooth enamel model.

[0052] Figure 13 A three-dimensional model of the dentin crown;

[0053] Figure 14 This is the front view of the dentin crown model;

[0054] Figure 15 This is the front perspective view of the dentin crown model;

[0055] Figure 16 This is the front view of the dentin root model;

[0056] Figure 17 This is a front perspective view of a dentin root model;

[0057] Figure 18 A three-dimensional perspective view of a dentin root model;

[0058] Figure 19 A three-dimensional model of a hard dental pulp;

[0059] Figure 20 This is the front view of a hard dental pulp model;

[0060] Figure 21 A three-dimensional model of the dental pulp tegment;

[0061] Figure 22 This is the front view of the pulp teg model;

[0062] Figure 23 Front view of the assembled dentin root model and hard pulp model;

[0063] Figure 24 Front perspective view of the assembled dentin root model and hard pulp model;

[0064] Figure 25 Three-dimensional perspective view of the assembled dentin root model and hard pulp model;

[0065] Figure 26 Front view of the assembled dentin root model and soft pulp model;

[0066] Figure 27 Front perspective view of the assembled dentin root model and soft pulp model;

[0067] Figure 28 Three-dimensional perspective view of the assembled dentin root model and soft pulp model;

[0068] Figure 29 A three-dimensional view of the dentin crown model of a tooth using a rigid pulp model;

[0069] Figure 30 This is a front view of the dentin crown model of a tooth using a hard pulp model.

[0070] Figure 31 This is the front perspective view of the dentin crown model of the tooth using a hard pulp model;

[0071] Figure 32 A three-dimensional view of the dentin crown model of a tooth using a soft pulp model.

[0072] Figure 33 This is a front view of the dentin crown model of a tooth using a soft pulp model.

[0073] Figure 34 This is the front perspective view of the dentin crown model of a tooth using a soft pulp model. Detailed Implementation

[0074] The following detailed description of two preferred embodiments of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrates these two embodiments. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments; any simple equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the claims and description of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0075] Example 1: A pulp-containing tooth model formed by injection molding includes an enamel model 1, a dentin crown model 2, a dentin root model 3, and a pulp model. The dentin root model 3 has a lower pulp chamber 31 with an upper opening. The lower segment of the pulp model is inserted into the lower pulp chamber 31. The dentin crown model is integrally formed between the enamel model 1 and the dentin root model 3 by in-mold injection molding. The upper end of the dentin crown model is fused with the lower end of the enamel model 1 to form an integral structure. The lower end of the dentin crown model is fused with the upper end of the dentin root model 3 and the upper outer surface of the pulp model extending out of the lower pulp chamber 31 to form an integral structure.

[0076] In the preparation of the model tooth, this application separates the dentin portion into two parts: a dentin crown model 2 and a dentin root model 3. The dentin crown model 2 is made of a material close to the texture of natural dentin, and the dentin root model 3 is made of the same material as the dentin crown model 2. The dentin crown model 2 is formed between the enamel model 1 and the dentin root model 3 using a heat injection molding process. Its function is to: tightly connect the enamel model 1 upwards (i.e., heat-seal with the enamel model 1), cover the pulp model downwards, and tightly connect the dentin root model 3 (i.e., heat-seal with the dentin root model 3). In the entire forming process, the dentin crown model 2 is formed last. It is formed by injecting material into the cavity formed by the bottom surface of the enamel model 1 (pre-placed in the upper mold or lower mold), the top surfaces of the pulp model and the dentin root model 3 (pre-placed in the lower mold or upper mold), and the side walls of the mold, followed by solidification.

[0077] The top surface of the dentin crown model 2 is consistent with the shape of the natural dentin top surface, and the top surface of the enamel model 1 is consistent with the shape of the natural enamel top surface. Both the materials and shapes achieve the effect of simulated teeth, and make the enamel model 1 and the dentin model tightly combined. There is no gap between the enamel layer and the dentin layer when taking X-rays, which is consistent with the shape of natural teeth.

[0078] When the model teeth of this application are cut by a high-speed dental handpiece, large pieces of enamel will not break off and fly out. This is consistent with the cutting effect of natural teeth in clinical practice, with a high degree of simulation, which is conducive to teaching high-simulation dental operation.

[0079] The tooth model developed in this application has high forming efficiency, simple manufacturing process, and low production cost, making it suitable for teaching purposes.

[0080] The dentin root model 3 has a radially contracted boss structure 32 at its upper end. The lower pulp chamber 31 is formed inside the dentin root model 3 and the boss structure 32. The dentin crown model 2 has an opening groove 21 at its lower end that matches the shape of the boss structure 32. The bottom surface of the opening groove 21 forms an upper pulp chamber 22 that matches the shape of the upper section of the pulp model extending out of the lower pulp chamber 31. The boss structure 32 at the upper end of the dentin root model 3 is inserted into the opening groove 21 at the lower end of the dentin crown model 2. The upper section of the pulp model extending out of the lower pulp chamber 31 is inserted into the upper pulp chamber 22. The outer side of the dentin crown model 2 forms a "convex" step structure with the upper section having a smaller radial dimension than the lower section. The lower end of the enamel model 1 has a dentin thermal fusion groove 11. The upper section of the dentin crown model 2 is inserted into the dentin thermal fusion groove 11 of the enamel model 1.

[0081] A boss structure 32 is formed at the upper end of the dentin root model 3, and an opening groove 21 and a superior pulp chamber 22 are formed at the lower end of the dentin crown model 2. The opening groove 21 at the lower end of the dentin crown model 2 fits onto the boss structure 32 at the upper end of the dentin root model 3, achieving a larger fitting area. At the same time, a stepped structure with a smaller upper radial dimension than the lower radial dimension is formed on the outer side of the dentin crown model 2, so that the enamel model 1 fits onto the outer side of the upper section of the dentin crown model 2, effectively increasing the thermal fusion bonding area between the dentin crown model 2 and the enamel model 1, thereby making the bonding between the components more firm and tight after the model tooth is formed.

[0082] The pulp model is a rigid pulp model 4 made of a rigid material. The rigid material used to make the pulp model needs to be heat-resistant to prevent it from being damaged during the molding of the dentin crown model 2. Using a rigid material to make the pulp model facilitates insertion and installation in the lower pulp chamber of the dentin root model 3. In addition, during the student's pulpotomy surgery, the student can easily remove the entire pulp by opening the top of the pulp chamber, and can quickly enter the root canal enlargement training.

[0083] The pulp model includes a soft pulp model 5 formed by filling the lower pulp chamber 31 with soft gel material and a pulp cap model 6 made of hard material. The pulp cap model 6 is movablely installed on the upper end of the dentin root model 3 and completely covers the opening of the lower pulp chamber 31. The pulp cap model 6 is thermally fused and accommodated on the inner side of the lower end of the dentin crown model 2.

[0084] The primary material for the pulp model is an injected soft gel-like material. A separately designed rigid pulp cap is placed over the lower pulp chamber of the dentin root model 3 to prevent the intrusion of dentin crown material during the injection molding process of the dentin crown model 2. During the student's pulpotomy, the pulp chamber roof (pulp cap model 6) is removed, and the soft pulp model 5 can be extracted using a plucking needle, allowing for practice of pulpotomy. The material of the pulp cap model 6 is identical to that used for the dentin crown model and the dentin root model 3, ensuring a strong, seamless thermal bond with the dentin crown model.

[0085] The pulp tegment model 6 and the upper surface of the dentin root model 3 are fixedly positioned by a snap-fit ​​connection structure. This facilitates maintaining a stable positional relationship between the pulp tegment model 6 and the dentin root model 3, preventing changes in the position of the pulp tegment model 6 during the molding of the dentin crown model 2.

[0086] The lower end of the dentin root model 3 is also provided with a root canal insertion hole 7 and a connecting threaded hole 8 for installation.

[0087] A method for fabricating a pulp-containing model tooth by injection molding includes the following steps:

[0088] Step 1: Design and manufacture a tooth enamel molding mold according to the morphology of tooth enamel, and use a tooth enamel-like material to inject into the tooth enamel molding mold to form a tooth enamel model 1;

[0089] Step 2: Design and fabricate a dentin root molding mold according to the morphology of the dentin root, and inject imitation dentin material into the dentin root molding mold to form a dentin root model 3;

[0090] Step 3: The pulp model is inserted into the dentin root model 3 using the following two steps;

[0091] Step (3-1): Design and fabricate a pulp molding mold according to the pulp morphology, and inject heat-resistant material (which will not be melted by dentin material) into the pulp molding mold to form a pulp model;

[0092] Step (3-2): Insert the pulp model completely into the dentin root model 3.

[0093] Step 4: Design and manufacture a complete tooth forming mold according to the appearance of the complete tooth model. The complete tooth forming mold includes an upper mold and a lower mold. The upper mold (or lower mold) has an enamel positioning cavity that fits the shape of the enamel model 1, and the lower mold (or upper mold) has a dentin root positioning cavity that fits the shape of the dentin root model 3.

[0094] Step 5: First, place the enamel component into the enamel positioning cavity for positioning. Then, place the dentin root model 3 with the pulp model into the dentin root positioning cavity for positioning. Next, the upper and lower molds of the complete tooth forming mold are joined together. After joining, the cavities of the upper and lower molds are sealed and spliced ​​to form a cavity space that matches the complete tooth model. This cavity space, together with the enamel model 1 and the dentin root model 3, forms an annular cavity with the same shape as the dentin crown model 2. The imitation dentin material is injected into the above-mentioned annular cavity. After the imitation dentin material solidifies and is demolded, the entire tooth model is formed.

[0095] By utilizing the strong thermal bonding force between the molten dentin material, the solidified dentin material, and the enamel material, the bonding process is completed during the molding process. There are no gaps or defects between the components, and the bonding is firm. The injection molding process is simple and has high production efficiency.

[0096] The dental enamel material is prepared by adding inorganic materials to a dentin-like material. The dental enamel material and the dentin-like material are isotropic, and the two are firmly bonded together.

[0097] Example 2: The difference between this example and Example 1 is that step three in the method of making a pulp-containing model tooth by injection thermofusion is different. In this example, the pulp model is inserted into the dentin root model 3 in the following two steps.

[0098] Step (3.1): Fill the lower pulp chamber 31 of the dentin root model 3 with a soft gel material that mimics dental pulp;

[0099] Step (3.2): Design and fabricate a pulp cover mold according to the shape of the pulp cover, and inject the same dentin-like material as the molding material of the dentin root model 3 into the pulp cover mold to form the pulp cover model 6;

[0100] Step (3.3): Attach the pulp cap model 6 to the top of the dentin root model 3 and cover the soft pulp model 5 formed by the soft rubber material.

Claims

1. A pulp-containing model tooth formed by injection molding, comprising an enamel model (1), a dentin crown model (2), a dentin root model (3), and a pulp model, wherein a lower pulp chamber (31) with an upper opening is formed within the dentin root model, and the lower segment of the pulp model is inserted into the lower pulp chamber. The dentin crown model is integrally formed between the enamel model and the dentin root model by in-mold injection molding. The upper end of the dentin crown model is fused with the lower end of the enamel model to form an integral structure, and the lower end of the dentin crown model is fused with the upper end of the dentin root model and the upper outer surface of the pulp model extending out of the lower pulp chamber to form an integral structure. The upper end of the dentin root model has a radially shrinking boss. The structure (32) is formed on the inner side of the dentin root model and the boss structure on it. The lower end of the dentin crown model has an opening groove (21) that matches the shape of the boss structure. The bottom surface of the opening groove forms an upper pulp chamber (22) that matches the shape of the upper part of the pulp model that extends out of the lower pulp chamber. The boss structure at the upper end of the dentin root model is inserted into the opening groove at the lower end of the dentin crown model. The upper part of the pulp model that extends out of the lower pulp chamber is inserted into the upper pulp chamber. The outer side of the dentin crown model forms a "convex" step structure with the upper section having a smaller radial dimension than the lower section. The lower end of the enamel model has a dentin thermal fusion bonding groove (11). The upper part of the dentin crown model is inserted into the dentin thermal fusion bonding groove of the enamel model.

2. The injection-molded, hot-bonded model tooth containing pulp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulp model is a hard pulp model made of hard material (4).

3. The injection-molded, hot-bonded model tooth containing pulp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulp model includes a soft pulp model (5) formed by filling the lower pulp chamber with soft gel material and a pulp cap model (6) made of hard material. The pulp cap model is movablely installed on the upper end of the dentin root model and completely covers the opening of the lower pulp chamber. The pulp cap model is thermally fused and accommodated on the inner side of the lower end of the dentin crown model.

4. The injection-molded, hot-bonded model tooth containing pulp according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pulp cap model and the upper surface of the dentin root model are fixedly positioned by a snap-fit ​​connection structure.

5. The injection-molded, hot-bonded model tooth containing pulp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the dentin root model is also provided with a root canal insertion hole (7) and a connecting threaded hole (8) for installation.

6. A method of making a tooth containing pulp model tooth according to claim 1 by injection hot melt bonding forming, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Design and manufacture a tooth enamel molding mold according to the morphology of tooth enamel, and use a tooth enamel-like material to inject into the tooth enamel molding mold to form a tooth enamel model; Step 2: Design and fabricate a dentin root molding mold according to the morphology of the dentin root, and inject imitation dentin material into the dentin root molding mold to form a dentin root model; Step 3: Insert the pulp model into the dentin root model; Step 4: Design and manufacture a complete tooth molding mold according to the appearance of the complete tooth model. The complete tooth molding mold includes an upper mold and a lower mold. The upper mold has an enamel positioning cavity that fits the shape of the enamel model, and the lower mold has a dentin root positioning cavity that fits the shape of the dentin root model. Step 5: First, place the enamel component into the enamel positioning cavity for positioning. Then, place the dentin root model with pulp model into the dentin root positioning cavity for positioning. Next, the upper and lower molds of the complete tooth forming mold are joined together. After joining, the cavities of the upper and lower molds are sealed and spliced ​​to form a cavity space that matches the complete tooth model. This cavity space forms an annular cavity with the shape of the dentin crown model between the enamel model and the dentin root model. The imitation dentin material is injected into the above-mentioned annular cavity. After the imitation dentin material solidifies and is demolded, the entire tooth model is formed.

7. The method for fabricating a pulp-containing model tooth by injection thermoforming according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step three includes the following two sub-steps: Step (3-1): Design and fabricate a pulp molding mold according to the pulp morphology, and inject heat-resistant material into the pulp molding mold to form a pulp model; Step (3-2): Insert the pulp model completely into the dentin root model.

8. The method for fabricating a pulp-containing model tooth by injection thermoforming according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step three includes the following three sub-steps: Step (3.1): Fill the lower pulp chamber of the dentin root model with a soft, imitation dental pulp material; Step (3.2): Design and fabricate a pulp cover mold according to the shape of the pulp cover, and inject the same dentin-like material as the dentin root model into the pulp cover mold to form a pulp cover model; Step (3.3): Attach the pulp cap model to the top of the dentin root model and cover the soft pulp model formed by the soft rubber material.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises: 5 injecting a hot-melt bonding material into the mold cavity to form a tooth model having a pulp chamber. The dental enamel material is prepared by adding inorganic materials to the dental enamel material.

Images