Control method, device and equipment of cold start and storage medium

Abstract

The application relates to a cold start control method and device, computer equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: in the case that a start instruction is received by a fuel cell system, an initial temperature value of out-stack cooling liquid of a battery stack is acquired; in the case that the initial temperature value is less than a first temperature threshold, it is determined whether the fuel cell system enters a cold start stage; in the case that the fuel cell system enters the cold start stage, an external heating operation and an internal self-heating operation for the battery stack are performed; in the case that the temperature value of the out-stack cooling liquid of the battery stack is greater than a second temperature threshold and the voltage value of the battery stack meets a preset condition, it is determined that the cold start of the fuel cell system is completed. The method can improve the heating efficiency of the cold start and shorten the time consumed by the cold start.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a cold start control method, apparatus, computer equipment, storage medium, and computer program product. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cells are devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy. They mainly include systems such as fuel supply system, oxidant supply, hydrothermal management, and electronic control unit.

[0003] In cold weather, the liquid water inside the fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system freezes, and this must be addressed by heating it up through a cold start.

[0004] However, the traditional cold start method currently suffers from low heating efficiency and long start time. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a control method, apparatus, computer equipment, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product for cold starts that can improve the heating efficiency of cold starts and shorten the time consumed by cold starts, in order to address the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] Firstly, this application provides a cold-start control method. Applied to a fuel cell system, the fuel cell system including a battery stack, the method includes:

[0007] When the fuel cell system receives a start command, the initial temperature value of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack is obtained;

[0008] If the initial temperature value is less than a first temperature threshold, determine whether the fuel cell system has entered the cold start phase;

[0009] When the fuel cell system enters the cold start phase, external heating and internal self-heating operations are performed on the fuel cell stack.

[0010] If the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack is greater than the second temperature threshold and the voltage of the battery stack meets the preset conditions, the cold start of the fuel cell system is determined to be complete.

[0011] In one embodiment, the fuel cell system includes a heater and a water pump, and the execution of external heating and internal self-heating operations for the fuel cell stack includes:

[0012] Based on the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack, the pressure of the coolant entering the stack, and the pressure of the hydrogen entering the stack, the operating power of the heater and the speed of the water pump are adjusted to perform external heating operations on the battery stack.

[0013] Based on the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack, the current value of the battery stack is adjusted to perform internal self-heating operation for the battery stack.

[0014] In one embodiment, adjusting the operating power of the heater and the rotational speed of the water pump based on the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack, the pressure of the coolant entering the stack, and the pressure of the hydrogen entering the stack includes:

[0015] The degree of heater power adjustment is determined based on the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack.

[0016] The operating power of the heater is determined based on the degree of adjustment of the heater's operating power;

[0017] The first pressure difference value is determined based on the pressure values ​​of the coolant and hydrogen gas entering the reactor.

[0018] The pump speed is determined based on the temperature of the coolant discharged from the reactor and the first pressure difference.

[0019] In one embodiment, the internal self-heating operation includes a first self-heating operation and a second self-heating operation. The step of determining the current value of the battery stack based on the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack to perform the internal self-heating operation for the battery stack includes:

[0020] When the internal self-heating operation is the first self-heating operation, the first current value of the battery stack is determined based on the temperature value of the coolant exiting the battery stack.

[0021] Obtain the average output voltage of the battery stack;

[0022] If the average output voltage of the battery stack is not less than a first voltage threshold and the first duration is greater than a first duration threshold, the execution duration of the second self-heating operation is determined, and the second self-heating operation is executed according to the execution duration of the second self-heating operation; the first duration is the duration during which the average output voltage of the battery stack is not less than the first voltage threshold.

[0023] If the execution time of the second self-heating operation meets the preset execution time and the cold start of the fuel cell system has not been completed, the first self-heating operation is switched to be executed.

[0024] In one embodiment, determining the first current value of the battery stack based on the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack includes:

[0025] Based on the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack and a first preset formula, a first stoichiometric ratio for the air flow rate input to the battery stack is determined.

[0026] Based on the first stoichiometry, the first current value of the battery stack is adjusted.

[0027] In one embodiment, determining the execution duration of the second self-heating operation and executing the second self-heating operation according to the execution duration of the second self-heating operation includes:

[0028] Obtain the voltage difference of the battery stack's output voltage to determine the execution duration of the second self-heating operation;

[0029] Based on the execution duration of the second self-heating operation, the cathode purging operation and the anode purging operation in the second self-heating operation are executed.

[0030] In one embodiment, performing the cathode purging operation and the anode purging operation in the second self-heating operation includes:

[0031] Obtain the average output voltage of the battery stack and determine the second current value of the battery stack;

[0032] Based on the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack and the second preset formula, a second stoichiometric ratio is determined for the air flow rate input to the battery stack.

[0033] The air flow rate is determined based on the current value of the battery stack and the second stoichiometric ratio of the air flow rate.

[0034] Based on the airflow rate, a cathode purging operation is performed;

[0035] The hydrogen pressure value entering the battery stack is determined based on the second current value of the battery stack.

[0036] The opening duration of the drain valve during the anode purging operation is determined based on the voltage difference of the battery stack's output voltage.

[0037] The anode purging operation is performed based on the hydrogen pressure of the battery stack and the opening duration of the drain valve.

[0038] Secondly, this application also provides a cold-start control device. Applied to a fuel cell system, the device includes:

[0039] An initial temperature value acquisition module is used to acquire the initial temperature value of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack when the fuel cell system receives a start command.

[0040] The cold start phase determination module is used to determine whether the fuel cell system has entered the cold start phase when the initial temperature value is less than a first temperature threshold.

[0041] The heating and self-heating operation execution module performs external heating and internal self-heating operations on the fuel cell stack when the fuel cell system enters the cold start phase.

[0042] The cold start completion determination module is used to determine that the cold start of the fuel cell system is complete when the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack is greater than a second temperature threshold and the voltage of the battery stack meets a preset condition.

[0043] Thirdly, this application also provides a computer device. The computer device includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, and the processor executing the computer program to perform the following steps:

[0044] When the fuel cell system receives a start command, the initial temperature value of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack is obtained;

[0045] If the initial temperature value is less than a first temperature threshold, determine whether the fuel cell system has entered the cold start phase;

[0046] When the fuel cell system enters the cold start phase, external heating and internal self-heating operations are performed on the fuel cell stack.

[0047] If the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack is greater than the second temperature threshold and the voltage of the battery stack meets the preset conditions, the cold start of the fuel cell system is determined to be complete.

[0048] Fourthly, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, performs the following steps:

[0049] When the fuel cell system receives a start command, the initial temperature value of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack is obtained;

[0050] If the initial temperature value is less than a first temperature threshold, determine whether the fuel cell system has entered the cold start phase;

[0051] When the fuel cell system enters the cold start phase, external heating and internal self-heating operations are performed on the fuel cell stack.

[0052] If the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack is greater than the second temperature threshold and the voltage of the battery stack meets the preset conditions, the cold start of the fuel cell system is determined to be complete.

[0053] Fifthly, this application also provides a computer program product. The computer program product includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, performs the following steps:

[0054] When the fuel cell system receives a start command, the initial temperature value of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack is obtained;

[0055] If the initial temperature value is less than a first temperature threshold, determine whether the fuel cell system has entered the cold start phase;

[0056] When the fuel cell system enters the cold start phase, external heating and internal self-heating operations are performed on the fuel cell stack.

[0057] If the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack is greater than the second temperature threshold and the voltage of the battery stack meets the preset conditions, the cold start of the fuel cell system is determined to be complete.

[0058] The aforementioned cold start control method, apparatus, computer equipment, and storage medium, upon receiving a start command from the fuel cell system, acquire the initial temperature value of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack; if the initial temperature value is less than a first temperature threshold, determine whether the fuel cell system has entered the cold start phase; if the fuel cell system has entered the cold start phase, execute external heating and internal self-heating operations on the fuel cell stack; if the temperature value of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack is detected to be greater than a second temperature threshold and the voltage value of the fuel cell stack meets preset conditions, determine that the cold start of the fuel cell system is complete. This method, by simultaneously executing external heating and internal self-heating operations on the fuel cell stack when the fuel cell system has entered the cold start phase, improves the heating efficiency of the cold start and shortens the time consumed during the cold start. Attached Figure Description

[0059] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a cold start control method in one embodiment;

[0060] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a fuel cell system in one embodiment;

[0061] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the external heating operation in one embodiment;

[0062] Figure 4This is a flowchart illustrating the internal self-heating operation in one embodiment;

[0063] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the cold start control method in another embodiment;

[0064] Figure 6 This is a structural block diagram of a cold start control device in one embodiment;

[0065] Figure 7 This is an internal structural diagram of a computer device in one embodiment;

[0066] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0067] 1: Battery stack; 2: Hydrogen cylinder; 3: Pressure reducing valve assembly; 4: Hydrogen ejector; 5: Hydrogen injection valve; 6: Hydrogen heat exchanger; 7: Hydrogen pressure sensor for infeed; 8: Gas-liquid separator; 9: Nitrogen venting valve; 10: Water storage tank; 11: Drain valve; 12: Air compressor; 13: Air intercooler; 14: Infeed air shut-off valve; 15: Infeed air pressure sensor; 16: Outfeed air shut-off valve; 17: Air bypass valve; 18: Outfeed coolant temperature sensor; 19: Radiator; 20: Thermostat; 21: Water pump; 22: Heater; 23: Infeed coolant pressure sensor; 24: Voltage controller. Detailed Implementation

[0068] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0069] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, a cold start control method is provided, applied to a fuel cell system, the fuel cell system including a battery stack, comprising the following steps:

[0070] Step 102: When the fuel cell system receives a start command, obtain the initial temperature value of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack.

[0071] The fuel cell system may include a battery stack and a sensor capable of detecting the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack. The fuel cell system may also include a controller, which, upon receiving a start-up command, triggers the acquisition of the initial temperature value of the coolant exiting the battery stack.

[0072] A battery stack can include multiple individual cells. A battery stack is formed by connecting multiple individual cells in series.

[0073] The initial temperature value is the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack when the start command is received.

[0074] Step 104: If the initial temperature value is less than the first temperature threshold, determine whether the fuel cell system has entered the cold start phase.

[0075] For example, when the fuel cell system receives a start-up command, a temperature sensor or other measuring device can be used to obtain the initial temperature value of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack. If the initial temperature value is less than a first temperature threshold, the fuel cell system is determined to have entered the cold start phase. If the initial temperature value is not less than the first temperature threshold, the fuel cell system is determined to have entered the ambient temperature start-up phase. Specifically, the first temperature threshold can be set based on actual conditions, and this invention does not limit it.

[0076] Step 106: When the fuel cell system enters the cold start phase, perform external heating and internal self-heating operations on the fuel cell stack.

[0077] External heating operation refers to the use of external heating equipment to heat the battery stack. This external heating equipment can be deployed within the fuel cell system. The external heating operation involves generating a heat source using external heating equipment and then introducing the heat into the battery stack.

[0078] Internal self-heating operation can heat the fuel cell stack by activating the heat generated by the fuel cell stack in the fuel cell system.

[0079] External heating and internal natural operation can be performed simultaneously.

[0080] For example, when it is determined that the fuel cell system has entered the cold start phase, external heating operations and internal self-heating operations are performed on the fuel cell stack.

[0081] Step 108: If the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack is greater than the second temperature threshold and the voltage of the battery stack meets the preset conditions, the cold start of the fuel cell system is determined to be complete.

[0082] The second temperature threshold is greater than the first temperature threshold. The value of the second temperature threshold is determined based on the actual situation.

[0083] In practice, during the cold start of a fuel cell system, a preheating process is first performed. This involves raising the temperature of the fuel cell stack through external or internal heating, and the temperature of the coolant is monitored using a temperature detection device. When the coolant temperature exceeds a second temperature threshold, it is determined that the fuel cell stack has reached a temperature suitable for normal operation. The voltage value of the fuel cell stack is then monitored using a voltage detection device. When the voltage value meets preset conditions, it indicates that the fuel cell stack has successfully started and begun normal operation.

[0084] Among them, the voltage value of the battery stack meeting the preset conditions can be either the average output voltage value of the battery stack being not less than a preset average voltage threshold, or the total voltage value of the battery stack being not less than a preset total voltage threshold.

[0085] For example, when the temperature of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack is detected to be greater than a second temperature threshold and the voltage of the fuel cell stack meets preset conditions, the cold start of the fuel cell system is determined to be complete. At this time, the fuel cell system can enter normal operating condition to provide electrical energy to a load. The load can be a load specific to the vehicle.

[0086] In the aforementioned cold start control method, upon receiving a start command, the initial temperature of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack is acquired. If the initial temperature is less than a first temperature threshold, it is determined whether the fuel cell system has entered the cold start phase. If the fuel cell system has entered the cold start phase, external heating and internal self-heating operations are performed on the fuel cell stack. If the temperature of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack is detected to be greater than a second temperature threshold and the voltage of the fuel cell stack meets preset conditions, the cold start of the fuel cell system is determined to be complete. This method, by simultaneously performing external heating and internal self-heating operations on the fuel cell stack when the fuel cell system has entered the cold start phase, improves the heating efficiency of the cold start and shortens the time required for cold start.

[0087] In one embodiment, the fuel cell system includes a heater and a water pump, and step 106 includes:

[0088] Step 1062: Based on the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack, the pressure of the coolant entering the stack, and the pressure of the hydrogen entering the stack, adjust the operating power of the heater and the speed of the water pump to perform external heating operation on the battery stack.

[0089] Specifically, refer to Figure 2The diagram shows the structure of a fuel cell system. The fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack 1, a hydrogen cylinder 2, a pressure reducing valve assembly 3, a hydrogen ejector 4, a hydrogen injection valve 5, a hydrogen heat exchanger 6, a hydrogen inlet pressure sensor 7, a gas-liquid separator 8, a nitrogen venting valve 9, a water storage tank 10, a drain valve 11, an air compressor 12, an air intercooler 13, an inlet air shut-off valve 14, an inlet air pressure sensor 15, an outlet air shut-off valve 16, an air bypass valve 17, an outlet coolant temperature sensor 18, a radiator 19, a thermostat 20, a water pump 21, a heater 22, an inlet coolant pressure sensor 23, and a voltage controller 24.

[0090] Specifically, the high-pressure hydrogen released from hydrogen cylinder 2 is regulated by hydrogen pressure reducing valve assembly 3 and then enters hydrogen ejector 4 as the primary fluid of the ejector. During this process, the pressure of the primary fluid is higher than that of the secondary fluid. When the primary fluid flows out at high speed from the ejector nozzle into the isobaric mixing chamber, a low-pressure zone appears at the nozzle outlet. Due to the pressure difference, the secondary fluid is drawn into the ejector, mixes with the primary fluid, and then exits from the diffuser section.

[0091] The mixed hydrogen gas enters the anode of the fuel cell stack 1 through the hydrogen injection valve 5 for reaction. The residual hydrogen after the anode reaction exits the stack and enters the gas-liquid separator 8. After separation, the mixture containing hydrogen and a small amount of nitrogen is discharged from the gas pipeline of the gas-liquid separator. When the nitrogen venting valve 9 is open, this gas is discharged into the air outlet pipeline of the fuel cell stack and eventually released into the atmosphere along with the outlet air. When the nitrogen venting valve 9 is closed, this gas returns to the hydrogen ejector inlet, allowing the outlet hydrogen to be recycled.

[0092] The water in the air-water separator 8 will enter the water storage tank 10 for processing. When the drain valve 11 is opened, the water tank can be drained.

[0093] Among them, the hydrogen pressure sensor 7 is used to collect the pressure value of the hydrogen entering the battery stack.

[0094] The drain valve 11 is used to drain the water tank after being opened;

[0095] Air compressor 12 is used to provide air flow rate and velocity;

[0096] Intercooler 13 is used to control the flow of air into the battery stack through inlet air shut-off valve 14;

[0097] The air shut-off valve 16 is used to discharge excess air and water vapor generated by the fuel cell reaction from the battery stack.

[0098] The air bypass valve 17 is used to bypass air after the inlet / outlet stack shut-off valve closes the stack during startup or shutdown.

[0099] The infeed air pressure sensor 15 collects the infeed air pressure.

[0100] The coolant temperature sensor 18 is used to collect the temperature value of the coolant exiting the battery stack.

[0101] The thermostat 20 is used to regulate the flow rate of coolant entering the radiator 19, thereby controlling the stack temperature;

[0102] The water pump 21 is used to increase or decrease the speed of the coolant flow by adjusting the rotation speed;

[0103] Heater 22 is used to heat the coolant according to the heating power request issued by the controller to achieve a warm-up effect; the heater can be a PTC heater.

[0104] In-reactor coolant pressure sensor 23 is used to collect in-reactor coolant pressure;

[0105] The voltage controller 24 is used to acquire the total output voltage of the fuel cell stack and the voltage of each individual cell in the fuel cell stack.

[0106] The thermostat opening controls whether the coolant flows through the radiator piping. When the thermostat is 100% open, the coolant flows through the radiator piping. When the thermostat is 0% open, the coolant does not flow through the radiator piping. Therefore, after determining that the fuel cell system has entered the cold start phase, the thermostat opening can be set to 0% to set the coolant circulation to a small loop, thereby reducing heat loss.

[0107] For example, the fuel cell system includes a heater and a water pump. External heating operations can be controlled by the heater and the water pump. Specifically, the temperature of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack can be obtained by the coolant temperature sensor 18. The pressure of the coolant entering the stack can be obtained by the coolant pressure sensor 23. The pressure of the hydrogen entering the stack can be obtained by the hydrogen pressure sensor 7. Based on the temperature of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack, the pressure of the coolant entering the stack, and the pressure of the hydrogen entering the stack, the operating power of the heater and the speed of the water pump are determined to perform external heating operations on the fuel cell stack.

[0108] Step 1064: Adjust the current value of the battery stack according to the temperature value of the coolant exiting the battery stack to perform internal self-heating operation for the battery stack.

[0109] The current value of the battery stack is the set current value of the battery stack. In practice, under the condition of setting the output power and keeping the resistance value of the battery stack unchanged, a high current value can be set to make the battery stack generate heat and rise.

[0110] In the above embodiments, the operating power of the heater and the speed of the water pump are adjusted by the temperature of the coolant, the pressure of the coolant entering the stack, and the pressure of the hydrogen entering the stack, thereby achieving external heating of the battery stack that better meets the actual heating requirements; the current value of the battery stack is adjusted by the temperature of the coolant exiting the stack, thereby achieving internal self-heating of the battery stack that meets the actual heating requirements.

[0111] In one embodiment, step 1062 includes:

[0112] Step 302: Determine the degree of adjustment of the heater's operating power based on the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack.

[0113] The heater can be a PTC heater. A temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack to determine the appropriate power adjustment for the PTC heater. For example, when the coolant temperature is below a set value, the PTC heater's power can be increased to raise the temperature.

[0114] In practice, the operating power of the heater is adjusted as a percentage of the heating power. A higher percentage of heating power indicates a faster heating rate of the coolant.

[0115] In practice, the heating power percentage can be determined by F. ptc This indicates that when the temperature of the coolant exiting the reactor is less than 0, F can be set. ptc =100%; When the temperature of the coolant exiting the reactor is not less than 0, it can be calculated using an experimentally fitted PTC heating algorithm. Specifically, the PTC heating algorithm can be:

[0116] F ptc =93.06 + 3.62 × T out -0.67×T out 2 +0.015×T out 3 ;

[0117] Among them, T out The temperature of the coolant exiting the reactor; F ptc This represents a percentage of heating power.

[0118] Step 304: Determine the operating power of the heater based on the degree of adjustment of the operating power of the heater.

[0119] For example, the operating power adjustment level is a percentage of the heating power; the higher the corresponding heating power percentage, the higher the operating power of the corresponding heater.

[0120] Step 306: Determine the first pressure difference value based on the pressure values ​​of the coolant and hydrogen gas entering the reactor.

[0121] The pressure values ​​of the coolant and hydrogen gas fed into the reactor can be monitored using corresponding pressure sensors. Specifically, refer to... Figure 2 The pressure of the coolant fed into the reactor can be monitored by coolant pressure sensor 23. The pressure of the hydrogen gas fed into the reactor can be monitored by hydrogen gas pressure sensor 7.

[0122] The first pressure differential is the difference between the pressure of the coolant entering the reactor and the pressure of the hydrogen entering the reactor. Specifically, the first pressure differential is the pressure difference between the anode and the water circuit in the fuel cell system.

[0123] In practice, the formula for calculating the first differential pressure value is:

[0124] P dif =P wi -P hi ;

[0125] Among them, P dif This is the first differential pressure value; P wi P represents the pressure of the coolant entering the reactor; hi This represents the pressure of the hydrogen gas entering the reactor.

[0126] Step 308: Determine the pump speed based on the temperature value of the coolant discharged from the stack and the first pressure difference value.

[0127] The water pump is used to regulate the flow rate of the coolant to ensure rapid and even heating of the battery stack. Furthermore, to ensure the safety of the battery stack's physical structure, the pump speed needs to be adjusted based on the temperature of the coolant exiting the stack and the initial pressure difference.

[0128] In practice, the pump speed can be calculated using an algorithm derived from experimental fitting. Specifically, the algorithm for calculating the pump speed based on experimental fitting can be as follows:

[0129] N wp =5253-66.33×P out -29.28×P dif -0.3×T out 2 +0.32×T out ×P dif +0.17×P dif 2 ;

[0130] Where, N wp T is the pump speed; out P represents the temperature of the coolant exiting the reactor. difThis is the first differential pressure value;

[0131] In the above embodiments, the operating power adjustment level of the heater is determined based on the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack, thereby determining the heater's operating power. A first pressure difference value is determined based on the pressure of the coolant entering the stack and the pressure of the hydrogen entering the stack, thereby determining the pump speed. This achieves precise temperature control of the battery stack during cold start, helping the battery stack reach its operating temperature more quickly. Simultaneously, it improves the heating efficiency during cold start and shortens the time required for cold start.

[0132] In one embodiment, the internal self-heating operation includes a first self-heating operation and a second self-heating operation, and step 1064 includes:

[0133] Step 402: When the internal self-heating operation is the first self-heating operation, determine the first current value of the battery stack based on the temperature value of the coolant exiting the battery stack.

[0134] The first self-heating operation can be a high-current, low-voltage self-heating operation. The first current value is the current value of the set battery stack. Specifically, the magnitude of the set current of the battery stack is controlled to control the self-heating of the battery stack.

[0135] In practice, a temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack, and a first current value corresponding to the current battery stack is calculated according to a preset algorithm. The first current value is used to control the heating current of the battery stack, so as to achieve temperature control of the battery stack.

[0136] Step 404: Obtain the average output voltage of the battery stack.

[0137] The battery stack includes a voltage controller. This controller monitors the total output voltage of the battery stack and also acquires the voltage of each individual cell within the stack. The average output voltage of the battery stack is the average voltage of each individual cell within the stack.

[0138] Specifically, the average output voltage of the battery stack can be determined by its total output voltage. For example, if the total output voltage of the battery stack is U... tatal If the number of individual cells in the battery stack is n, then the average output voltage of the battery stack is U. mean =U tatal / n.

[0139] Step 406: If the average output voltage of the battery stack is not less than the first voltage threshold and the first duration is greater than the first duration threshold, determine the execution duration of the second self-heating operation, and execute the second self-heating operation according to the execution duration of the second self-heating operation; the first duration is the duration during which the average output voltage of the battery stack is not less than the first voltage threshold.

[0140] The values ​​of the first voltage threshold and the first duration threshold can be set based on empirical values. The second self-heating operation can be a self-heating operation that involves purging the anode and cathode of the battery stack.

[0141] The first duration is the duration during which the average output voltage of the battery stack is not less than the second voltage threshold. Specifically, when the average output voltage of the battery stack is detected to be not less than the first voltage threshold, the timing tool is triggered to start timing. If the recorded first duration is greater than the first duration threshold, the second self-heating operation is switched to be executed.

[0142] Specifically, the duration of the second self-heating operation can be calculated using a preset algorithm.

[0143] Step 408: If the execution duration of the second self-heating operation meets the preset execution duration and the cold start of the fuel cell system has not been completed, switch to execute the first self-heating operation.

[0144] The preset execution time can be the duration required for each calculated second self-heating operation. The indication that the cold start of the fuel cell system is incomplete is: the temperature of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack is not greater than the second temperature threshold, or the voltage of the fuel cell stack does not meet the preset conditions.

[0145] Specifically, the corresponding control system of the fuel cell system can switch to the first self-heating operation when the execution time of the second self-heating operation reaches the preset execution time, but the cold start of the fuel cell system has not yet been completed.

[0146] In the above embodiments, when the internal self-heating operation is the first self-heating operation, the first current value of the battery stack is determined based on the temperature value of the coolant exiting the battery stack; the average output voltage of the battery stack is obtained; when the average output voltage of the battery stack is not less than a first voltage threshold and the first duration is greater than a first duration threshold, the execution duration of the second self-heating operation is determined, and the second self-heating operation is executed according to the execution duration of the second self-heating operation; when the execution duration of the second self-heating operation meets the preset execution duration and the cold start of the fuel cell system is not completed, the first self-heating operation is switched to be executed, thereby achieving more precise control of the temperature of the battery stack, optimizing the execution duration of the self-heating operation, improving the heating efficiency of the cold start, and shortening the time consumed by the cold start.

[0147] In one embodiment, step 402 includes:

[0148] Based on the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack and a first preset formula, a first stoichiometric ratio for the air flow rate input to the battery stack is determined.

[0149] Based on the first stoichiometric ratio, the first current value of the battery stack is adjusted.

[0150] The first stoichiometry is the stoichiometric ratio of the air flow rate input to the battery stack. This first stoichiometric ratio can be used to control the air flow rate, thereby controlling the concentration of reactant gases in the battery stack.

[0151] The first self-heating operation can be a natural operation that reduces air-side reactants to increase the set current. The first preset formula can be a formula for the first stoichiometric ratio of air flow rate fitted according to experiments.

[0152] Specifically, the first stoichiometric ratio for the airflow rate to the input battery stack can be determined as follows:

[0153] λ n =0.9 + 6.8 × 10 -3 ×T out +2.1×10 -4 ×T out 2 +7.9×10 -4 ×T out 3 +

[0154] 9.5×10 -8 ×T out 4 ;

[0155] Among them, T out λ represents the temperature of the coolant exiting the reactor. n This is the first stoichiometric ratio.

[0156] In practical applications, in fuel cell systems, under the same set output power, by reducing the airflow rate, i.e., reducing the first stoichiometric ratio of the airflow, the set current is increased, and the output voltage of the fuel cell stack is reduced, thereby achieving self-heating of the fuel cell stack.

[0157] Specifically, the first current value of the battery stack can be calculated using a set current algorithm based on the air stoichiometry, obtained through experimental fitting. Specifically:

[0158] I set =260-284.1×λ n+80.4×λ n 2 ;

[0159] Where, λ n As the first stoichiometric ratio, I set This is the first current value of the battery stack.

[0160] In practice, the first self-heating operation is performed before the second self-heating operation. Specifically, during the initial cold start phase of a fuel cell system, the water in the fuel cell stack is typically frozen, requiring the avoidance of large-scale hydrogen and oxygen supply. Therefore, the first self-heating operation is performed before the second self-heating operation.

[0161] In the above embodiments, a first stoichiometric ratio for the air flow rate input to the battery stack is determined based on the temperature value of the coolant exiting the battery stack and a first preset formula; based on the first stoichiometric ratio, the first current value of the battery stack is adjusted, and the concentration of reactant gases in the battery stack is precisely controlled by the temperature value of the coolant exiting the battery stack, thereby controlling the set current of the battery stack, improving the heating efficiency of cold start, and shortening the time consumed by cold start.

[0162] In one embodiment, step 406 includes:

[0163] Step 4062: Obtain the voltage difference of the output voltage of the battery stack and determine the execution duration of the second self-heating operation.

[0164] Step 4064: Based on the execution duration of the second self-heating operation, perform the cathode purging operation and the anode purging operation in the second self-heating operation.

[0165] Among them, the cathode purging operation can be an operation that uses nitrogen gas to purge the cathode.

[0166] The anode purging operation can be an operation that uses anode hydrogen to purge the anode. The second self-heating operation can include both cathode purging and anode purging operations; the cathode purging and anode purging operations can be performed simultaneously.

[0167] A battery stack can include multiple individual cells. The voltage values ​​of these individual cells can be acquired to determine the voltage difference in the output voltage of the battery stack. Specifically, the maximum and minimum voltage values ​​of the multiple individual cells are acquired, and the voltage difference in the output voltage of the battery stack is determined based on these maximum and minimum values.

[0168] Specifically:

[0169] U cdif =U cmax -U cmin ;

[0170] Among them, U cdif The voltage difference between the output voltages of the battery stack and the output voltage; U cmax The maximum voltage value among multiple individual cells; U cmin It represents the minimum voltage value among multiple individual cells.

[0171] In practice, the execution time of the second self-heating operation can be calculated using an experimentally fitted algorithm based on the duration of voltage-controlled anode and cathode purging. Specifically:

[0172] TM v =0.89 + 0.023 × U cdif +1.68×10 -5 ×U cdif 2 -4.68×10 -8 ×U cdiT 3 ;

[0173] Among them, TM v The execution time of the second self-heating operation; U cdif This is the voltage difference between the output voltage of the battery stack and the output voltage.

[0174] In the above embodiments, the voltage difference of the output voltage of the battery stack is obtained, and the execution duration of the second self-heating operation is determined so as to execute the cathode purging operation and the anode purging operation in the second self-heating operation, thereby optimizing the self-heating operation and improving the cold start efficiency of the fuel cell system.

[0175] In one embodiment, step 4064 includes:

[0176] Obtain the average output voltage of the battery stack and determine the second current value of the battery stack;

[0177] Based on the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack and the second preset formula, a second stoichiometric ratio is determined for the air flow rate input to the battery stack.

[0178] The magnitude of the air flow rate is determined based on the second current value of the battery stack and the second stoichiometric ratio of the air flow rate.

[0179] Based on the airflow rate, a cathode purging operation is performed;

[0180] The hydrogen pressure value entering the battery stack is determined based on the second current value of the battery stack.

[0181] The opening duration of the drain valve during the anode purging operation is determined based on the voltage difference of the battery stack's output voltage.

[0182] The anode purging operation is performed based on the hydrogen pressure of the battery stack and the opening duration of the drain valve.

[0183] The second flow rate value is the set current value of the fuel cell stack current calculated under the second self-heating operation.

[0184] The second stoichiometric ratio of the air flow rate is the stoichiometric ratio of the air flow rate required under the second self-heating operation.

[0185] For example, the second current value of the battery stack can be determined based on the average output voltage of the battery stack. Specifically, the second current value of the battery stack can be calculated using an algorithm that fits an experimentally obtained set current. Specifically:

[0186] I' set =83.33 - 0.15 × U mean +1.67×10 -4 ×U mean 2 -8.84×10 -8 ×U mean 3 ;

[0187] Among them, U mean I′ is the average output voltage of the battery stack. set This is the second current value of the battery stack.

[0188] For example, the second preset formula can be a formula for a second stoichiometric ratio of airflow rate fitted based on experiments. The second stoichiometric ratio of airflow rate input to the battery stack can be calculated based on the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack. Specifically:

[0189] λ n = 1.58 - 0.014 × T out -2.6×10 -4 ×T out 2 -1.39×10 -6 ×T out 3 ;

[0190] Where, λ n ′ represents the second stoichiometric ratio; T out This refers to the temperature of the coolant exiting the reactor.

[0191] In practice, airflow can be calculated using Faraday's formula. Specifically:

[0192] M air =(I set ′*n*λ n′*mol) / (Atoms*F*OxidN*O2Cntn);

[0193] Among them, M air For airflow; I set ′ represents the second current value; λ n ′ represents the second stoichiometric ratio; Mol represents the molar mass of air; Atoms represents the number of atoms in an oxygen molecule; F represents the Faraday constant; OxidN represents the number of electrons required for the oxidation of one oxygen atom; O2Cntn represents the molar percentage of oxygen in air.

[0194] Specifically, the air flow rate is determined based on the second stoichiometric ratio of the second current value and the air flow rate. The air flow rate can be calculated based on this ratio and adjusted by controlling devices such as the intake valve to perform the cathode purging operation.

[0195] The hydrogen pressure at the fuel cell stack during anode purging can be calculated using the second current value of the fuel cell stack. Specifically, the hydrogen pressure at the fuel cell stack can be calculated using a formula obtained through experimental fitting, as follows:

[0196] P airin =110+0.5×I set ′;

[0197] P h2in =P airin +30;

[0198] Among them, I set ′ represents the second current value; P airin P is the inlet air pressure; h2in This represents the hydrogen pressure value entering the reactor.

[0199] For example, the opening duration of the drain valve can be calculated based on the voltage difference between the output voltages of the battery stack. Specifically, the opening duration of the drain valve can be calculated using a formula obtained through experimental fitting, as follows:

[0200] TM purg =3.26 + 0.005 × U cdif +4×10 -4 ×U cdif 2 ;

[0201] Among them, U cdif The voltage difference between the output voltage of the battery stack; TM purg This refers to the duration the drain valve remains open.

[0202] Specifically, the opening time of the drain valve is less than the execution time of the second self-heating operation.

[0203] In practice, during the anode purging operation, the drain valve can be opened periodically, as long as the cumulative duration of the drain valve being opened reaches the required opening time.

[0204] For example, if the execution time of the second self-heating operation meets the preset execution time, the cold start of the fuel cell system can be determined by the voltage value of the fuel cell stack and the temperature value of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack. If the cold start of the fuel cell system is not completed, the first self-heating operation is switched to be executed.

[0205] In the above embodiments, cathode purging and anode purging operations are performed by using the output voltage and current values ​​of the battery stack, thereby achieving precise control and adjustment of the fuel cell system, optimizing the self-heating operation, and improving the cold start efficiency of the fuel cell system.

[0206] To better understand the control process of cold start, an example is provided. (Refer to...) Figure 5 The diagram illustrates a flow chart of another cold start control method.

[0207] Step 502: When the fuel cell system receives a start command, obtain the initial temperature value of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack; if the initial temperature value is less than a first temperature threshold, determine whether the fuel cell system has entered the cold start stage.

[0208] Step 504: When the fuel cell system enters the cold start phase, determine the degree of heater operating power adjustment based on the temperature value of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack; determine the heater operating power based on the degree of heater operating power adjustment; determine the first pressure difference value based on the pressure value of the coolant entering the stack and the pressure value of the hydrogen entering the stack; and determine the water pump speed based on the temperature value of the coolant exiting the stack and the first pressure difference value.

[0209] Step 506: When the internal self-heating operation is the first self-heating operation, determine the first stoichiometric ratio of the air flow rate input to the battery stack based on the temperature value of the coolant exiting the battery stack and the first preset formula; and adjust the first current value of the battery stack based on the first stoichiometric ratio.

[0210] Step 508: When the average output voltage of the battery stack is not less than the first voltage threshold and the first duration is greater than the first duration threshold, obtain the voltage difference of the output voltage of the battery stack and determine the execution duration of the second self-heating operation.

[0211] Step 510: Based on the execution duration of the second self-heating operation, obtain the average output voltage of the battery stack and determine the second current value of the battery stack; according to the temperature value of the coolant exiting the battery stack and the second preset formula, determine the second stoichiometric ratio of the air flow rate input to the battery stack.

[0212] Step 512: Determine the magnitude of the air flow rate based on the second current value of the battery stack and the second stoichiometric ratio of the air flow rate; perform a cathode purging operation based on the magnitude of the air flow rate.

[0213] Step 514: Determine the hydrogen pressure value entering the battery stack based on the second current value of the battery stack; determine the opening duration of the drain valve during the anode purging operation based on the voltage difference of the output voltage of the battery stack; and perform the anode purging operation based on the hydrogen pressure value entering the battery stack and the opening duration of the drain valve.

[0214] Step 516: If the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack is greater than the second temperature threshold and the voltage of the battery stack meets the preset conditions, the cold start of the fuel cell system is determined to be complete.

[0215] In this embodiment, upon receiving a start-up command, the initial temperature of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack is acquired. If the initial temperature is less than a first temperature threshold, it is determined whether the fuel cell system has entered the cold start phase. If the fuel cell system has entered the cold start phase, external heating and internal self-heating operations are performed on the fuel cell stack. If the temperature of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack is detected to be greater than a second temperature threshold and the voltage of the fuel cell stack meets preset conditions, the cold start of the fuel cell system is determined to be complete. This method, by simultaneously performing external heating and internal self-heating operations on the fuel cell stack when the fuel cell system has entered the cold start phase, improves the heating efficiency of the cold start and shortens the time required for cold start.

[0216] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the embodiments described above are shown sequentially according to the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the flowcharts of the embodiments described above may include multiple steps or multiple stages. These steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least some of the steps or stages of other steps.

[0217] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a cold start control device for implementing the cold start control method described above. The solution provided by this device is similar to the solution described in the above method; therefore, the specific limitations in one or more cold start control device embodiments provided below can be found in the limitations of the cold start control method described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0218] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, a cold start control device is provided, applied to a fuel cell system. The fuel cell system includes a battery stack, comprising: an initial temperature value acquisition module 602, a cold start stage determination module 604, a heating and self-heating operation execution module 606, and a cold start completion determination module 608, wherein:

[0219] The initial temperature value acquisition module 602 is used to acquire the initial temperature value of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack when the fuel cell system receives a start command.

[0220] The cold start phase determination module 604 is used to determine whether the fuel cell system has entered the cold start phase when the initial temperature value is less than a first temperature threshold.

[0221] The heating and self-heating operation execution module 606 performs external heating and internal self-heating operations on the fuel cell stack when the fuel cell system enters the cold start phase.

[0222] The cold start completion determination module 608 is used to determine that the cold start of the fuel cell system is complete when the temperature value of the coolant exiting the battery stack is greater than a second temperature threshold and the voltage value of the battery stack meets a preset condition.

[0223] In some embodiments, the fuel cell system includes a heater and a water pump, and a heating and self-heating operation execution module, including:

[0224] The external heating submodule is used to adjust the operating power of the heater and the speed of the water pump according to the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack, the pressure of the coolant entering the stack, and the pressure of the hydrogen entering the stack, so as to perform external heating operation on the battery stack.

[0225] The internal self-heating submodule is used to adjust the current value of the battery stack according to the temperature value of the coolant exiting the battery stack, so as to perform internal self-heating operation for the battery stack.

[0226] In some embodiments, the external heating submodule includes:

[0227] The adjustment level determination unit is used to determine the adjustment level of the heater's operating power based on the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack.

[0228] An operating power determination unit is used to determine the operating power of the heater based on the degree of adjustment of the operating power of the heater;

[0229] The differential pressure determination unit is used to determine the first differential pressure value based on the pressure value of the coolant entering the reactor and the pressure value of the hydrogen entering the reactor.

[0230] The rotational speed determination unit is used to determine the rotational speed of the water pump based on the temperature value of the coolant discharged from the reactor and the first pressure difference value.

[0231] In some embodiments, the internal self-heating operation includes a first self-heating operation and a second self-heating operation, and the internal self-heating submodule includes:

[0232] The first current value determination unit is used to determine the first current value of the battery stack based on the temperature value of the coolant exiting the battery stack when the internal self-heating operation is the first self-heating operation.

[0233] The average voltage acquisition unit is used to acquire the average output voltage of the battery stack.

[0234] The self-heating operation execution unit is configured to determine the execution duration of the second self-heating operation when the average output voltage of the battery stack is not less than a first voltage threshold and the first duration is greater than a first duration threshold, and to execute the second self-heating operation according to the execution duration of the second self-heating operation; the first duration is the duration during which the average output voltage of the battery stack is not less than the first voltage threshold.

[0235] An operation switching unit is used to switch to execute the first self-heating operation when the execution duration of the second self-heating operation meets the preset execution duration and the cold start of the fuel cell system has not been completed.

[0236] In some embodiments, the first current value determining unit is specifically configured to determine a first stoichiometric ratio for the air flow rate input to the battery stack based on the temperature value of the coolant exiting the battery stack and a first preset formula; and to adjust the first current value of the battery stack based on the first stoichiometric ratio.

[0237] In some embodiments, the self-heating operation execution unit is specifically used to obtain the voltage difference of the output voltage of the battery stack, determine the execution duration of the second self-heating operation, and execute the cathode purging operation and the anode purging operation in the second self-heating operation based on the execution duration of the second self-heating operation.

[0238] In some embodiments, the self-heating operation execution unit is specifically configured to: acquire the average output voltage of the battery stack; determine a second current value of the battery stack; determine a second stoichiometric ratio of the air flow rate input to the battery stack based on the temperature value of the coolant exiting the battery stack and a second preset formula; determine the magnitude of the air flow rate based on the second current value of the battery stack and the second stoichiometric ratio of the air flow rate; perform a cathode purging operation based on the magnitude of the air flow rate; determine the hydrogen pressure value entering the battery stack based on the second current value of the battery stack; determine the opening duration of the drain valve during the anode purging operation based on the voltage difference of the output voltage of the battery stack; and perform the anode purging operation based on the hydrogen pressure value entering the battery stack and the opening duration of the drain valve.

[0239] Each module in the aforementioned cold start control device can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in the processor of a computer device in hardware form or independent of it, or stored in the memory of the computer device in software form, so that the processor can call and execute the operations corresponding to each module.

[0240] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a terminal, and its internal structure diagram may be as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the computer device includes a processor, memory, input / output interfaces, a communication interface, a display unit, and an input device. The processor, memory, and input / output interfaces are connected via a system bus, and the communication interface, display unit, and input device are also connected to the system bus via the input / output interfaces. The processor provides computing and control capabilities. The memory includes non-volatile storage media and internal memory. The non-volatile storage media stores the operating system and computer programs. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs stored in the non-volatile storage media. The input / output interfaces are used for exchanging information between the processor and external devices. The communication interface is used for wired or wireless communication with external terminals; wireless communication can be achieved through Wi-Fi, mobile cellular networks, NFC (Near Field Communication), or other technologies. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a cold start control method. The display unit is used to form a visually visible image and can be a display screen, a projection device, or a virtual reality imaging device. The display screen can be an LCD screen or an e-ink screen. The input device of the computer device can be a touch layer covering the display screen, or buttons, trackballs, or touchpads set on the casing of the computer device, or external keyboards, touchpads, or mice, etc.

[0241] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 7The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the present application is applied. Specific computer devices may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0242] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to perform the following steps:

[0243] When the fuel cell system receives a start command, the initial temperature value of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack is obtained;

[0244] If the initial temperature value is less than a first temperature threshold, determine whether the fuel cell system has entered the cold start phase;

[0245] When the fuel cell system enters the cold start phase, external heating and internal self-heating operations are performed on the fuel cell stack.

[0246] If the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack is greater than the second temperature threshold and the voltage of the battery stack meets the preset conditions, the cold start of the fuel cell system is determined to be complete.

[0247] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program performing the following steps when executed by a processor:

[0248] When the fuel cell system receives a start command, the initial temperature value of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack is obtained;

[0249] If the initial temperature value is less than a first temperature threshold, determine whether the fuel cell system has entered the cold start phase;

[0250] When the fuel cell system enters the cold start phase, external heating and internal self-heating operations are performed on the fuel cell stack.

[0251] If the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack is greater than the second temperature threshold and the voltage of the battery stack meets the preset conditions, the cold start of the fuel cell system is determined to be complete.

[0252] In one embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, performs the following steps:

[0253] When the fuel cell system receives a start command, the initial temperature value of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack is obtained;

[0254] If the initial temperature value is less than a first temperature threshold, determine whether the fuel cell system has entered the cold start phase;

[0255] When the fuel cell system enters the cold start phase, external heating and internal self-heating operations are performed on the fuel cell stack.

[0256] If the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack is greater than the second temperature threshold and the voltage of the battery stack meets the preset conditions, the cold start of the fuel cell system is determined to be complete.

[0257] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of the relevant data shall comply with the relevant laws, regulations and standards of the relevant countries and regions.

[0258] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Any references to memory, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take many forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM). The databases involved in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one type of relational database and non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, blockchain-based distributed databases. The processors involved in the embodiments provided in this application may be general-purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processing units, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, quantum computing-based data processing logic devices, etc., and are not limited to these.

[0259] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0260] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A cold start control method, characterized in that, Applied to a fuel cell system, the fuel cell system including a fuel cell stack, the method includes: When the fuel cell system receives a start command, the initial temperature value of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack is obtained; If the initial temperature value is less than a first temperature threshold, determine whether the fuel cell system has entered the cold start phase; When the fuel cell system enters the cold start phase, external heating and internal self-heating operations are performed on the fuel cell stack. If the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack is greater than the second temperature threshold and the voltage of the battery stack meets the preset conditions, the cold start of the fuel cell system is determined to be complete. The fuel cell system includes a heater and a water pump, and the execution of external heating and internal self-heating operations for the fuel cell stack includes: Based on the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack, the pressure of the coolant entering the stack, and the pressure of the hydrogen entering the stack, the operating power of the heater and the speed of the water pump are adjusted to perform external heating operation for the battery stack; based on the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack, the current value of the battery stack is adjusted to perform internal self-heating operation for the battery stack. The internal self-heating operation includes a first self-heating operation and a second self-heating operation. The step of adjusting the current value of the battery stack based on the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack to perform the internal self-heating operation includes: When the internal self-heating operation is the first self-heating operation, the first current value of the battery stack is determined based on the temperature value of the coolant exiting the battery stack; the average output voltage of the battery stack is obtained; when the average output voltage of the battery stack is not less than a first voltage threshold and the first duration is greater than a first duration threshold, the execution duration of the second self-heating operation is determined, and the second self-heating operation is executed according to the execution duration of the second self-heating operation; the first duration is the duration during which the average output voltage of the battery stack is not less than the first voltage threshold; when the execution duration of the second self-heating operation meets the preset execution duration and the cold start of the fuel cell system is not completed, the first self-heating operation is switched to be executed.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of adjusting the operating power of the heater and the speed of the water pump based on the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack, the pressure of the coolant entering the stack, and the pressure of the hydrogen entering the stack includes: The degree of heater power adjustment is determined based on the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack. The operating power of the heater is determined based on the degree of adjustment of the heater's operating power; The first pressure difference value is determined based on the pressure values ​​of the coolant and hydrogen gas entering the reactor. The pump speed is determined based on the temperature of the coolant discharged from the reactor and the first pressure difference.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the first current value of the battery stack based on the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack includes: Based on the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack and a first preset formula, a first stoichiometric ratio for the air flow rate input to the battery stack is determined. Based on the first stoichiometry, the first current value of the battery stack is adjusted.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the execution duration of the second self-heating operation and executing the second self-heating operation according to the execution duration includes: Obtain the voltage difference of the battery stack's output voltage to determine the execution duration of the second self-heating operation; Based on the execution duration of the second self-heating operation, the cathode purging operation and the anode purging operation in the second self-heating operation are executed.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The execution of the cathode purging operation and anode purging operation in the second self-heating operation includes: Obtain the average output voltage of the battery stack and determine the second current value of the battery stack; Based on the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack and the second preset formula, a second stoichiometric ratio is determined for the air flow rate input to the battery stack. The magnitude of the air flow rate is determined based on the second current value of the battery stack and the second stoichiometric ratio of the air flow rate. Based on the airflow rate, a cathode purging operation is performed; The hydrogen pressure value entering the battery stack is determined based on the second current value of the battery stack. The opening duration of the drain valve during the anode purging operation is determined based on the voltage difference of the battery stack's output voltage. The anode purging operation is performed based on the hydrogen pressure of the battery stack and the opening duration of the drain valve.

6. A cold start control device, characterized in that, The apparatus is used to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-5, and is applied to a fuel cell system, the fuel cell system including a fuel cell stack, the apparatus comprising: An initial temperature value acquisition module is used to acquire the initial temperature value of the coolant exiting the fuel cell stack when the fuel cell system receives a start command. The cold start phase determination module is used to determine whether the fuel cell system has entered the cold start phase when the initial temperature value is less than a first temperature threshold. The heating and self-heating operation execution module performs external heating and internal self-heating operations on the fuel cell stack when the fuel cell system enters the cold start phase. The cold start completion determination module is used to determine that the cold start of the fuel cell system is complete when the temperature of the coolant exiting the battery stack is greater than a second temperature threshold and the voltage of the battery stack meets a preset condition.

7. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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