Device testing
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202280038784.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2021-04-01
- Filing Date
- 2022-03-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-23
- Estimated Expiration
- 2042-03-08
Smart Images
Figure CN117397185B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] Embodiments of this disclosure relate to device testing. Some embodiments relate to device testing in user equipment. Background Technology
[0002] A wireless network consists of multiple network nodes, including terminal nodes and access nodes. Communication between terminal nodes and access nodes is wireless.
[0003] Tests can be performed on the endpoints to, for example, check whether the endpoints can meet one or more requirements.
[0004] In some cases, it may be necessary to modify or enhance how terminal node tests are performed. Summary of the Invention
[0005] According to various, but not all, embodiments, an apparatus is provided that includes components for performing the following operations:
[0006] This enables testing at least one user equipment on multiple radio frames by: determining, at least in part, whether to send one or more signals to at least one user equipment based on one or more probabilities associated with at least one candidate location in the current radio frame;
[0007] If, for at least one candidate location in the current radio frame, it is determined that one or more signals need to be transmitted to at least one user equipment, then one or more signals are transmitted to at least one user equipment using at least one candidate location in the current radio frame;
[0008] If, for at least one candidate location in the current radio frame, it is determined that one or more signals will not be transmitted to at least one user equipment, then it is determined whether a maximum number of transmission failures has occurred, wherein a transmission failure is determined to have occurred when it is determined that no signal is to be transmitted or to be transmitted in the current radio frame; and
[0009] If it is determined that the maximum number of transmission failures has occurred, one or more signals are transmitted to at least one user equipment using at least one candidate location in the current radio frame.
[0010] In some examples, determining whether to send one or more signals to at least one user equipment for at least one candidate location in the current radio frame includes: determining whether to send one or more signals to at least one user equipment for a first candidate location in the current radio frame, based at least in part on the associated probability of successful transmission.
[0011] In some examples, determining whether to send one or more signals to at least one user equipment for at least one candidate location in the current radio frame includes: determining whether to send one or more signals to at least one user equipment for multiple candidate locations in the current radio frame.
[0012] In some examples, determining whether a maximum number of transmission failures has occurred includes: determining whether the number of consecutive transmission failures has reached a threshold and / or determining whether the number of transmission failures within a window of one or more previous frames has reached a threshold.
[0013] In some examples, the size of one or more previous frames' windows is fixed or variable.
[0014] In some examples, the window size is determined at least in part based on at least one radio resource management requirement and / or requirements in one or more tests.
[0015] In some examples, the above component is configured to record the transmission result of the current frame, and wherein determining whether the maximum number of transmission failures has occurred includes analyzing the transmission results of radio frames in the analysis window.
[0016] In some examples, different candidate locations in the current radio frame have the same or different associated probabilities.
[0017] In some examples, if it is determined that the maximum number of transmission failures has occurred, using at least one candidate position in the current radio frame to send one or more signals includes: sending one or more signals in the last candidate position of the current radio frame.
[0018] In some examples, sending one or more signals includes sending a synchronization signal block.
[0019] In some examples, the above-mentioned component is configured to: if it is determined, for a candidate location in the current radio frame, to transmit one or more signals to at least one user equipment, then transmit one or more other signals from candidate locations following the candidate location in the current radio frame where at least one candidate location for which the one or more signals to be transmitted is determined.
[0020] In some examples, the above components include:
[0021] At least one processor; and
[0022] At least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured together with at least one processor to cause the execution of the device.
[0023] According to various, but not all, embodiments, a method is provided that includes:
[0024] This enables testing at least one user equipment on multiple radio frames by: determining, at least in part, whether to send one or more signals to at least one user equipment based on one or more probabilities associated with at least one candidate location in the current radio frame;
[0025] If, for at least one candidate location in the current radio frame, it is determined that one or more signals need to be transmitted to at least one user equipment, then one or more signals are transmitted to at least one user equipment using at least one candidate location in the current radio frame;
[0026] If, for at least one candidate location in the current radio frame, it is determined that one or more signals will not be transmitted to at least one user equipment, then it is determined whether a maximum number of transmission failures has occurred, wherein a transmission failure is determined to have occurred when it is determined that no signal is to be transmitted or to be transmitted in the current radio frame; and
[0027] If it is determined that the maximum number of transmission failures has occurred, one or more signals are transmitted to at least one user equipment using at least one candidate location in the current radio frame.
[0028] In some examples, determining whether a maximum number of transmission failures has occurred includes: determining whether the number of consecutive transmission failures has reached a threshold and / or determining whether the number of transmission failures within a window of one or more previous frames has reached a threshold.
[0029] Based on various, but not necessarily all, examples, a computer program is provided that includes instructions for causing a device to perform at least the following operations:
[0030] This enables testing at least one user equipment on multiple radio frames by: determining, at least in part, whether to send one or more signals to at least one user equipment based on one or more probabilities associated with at least one candidate location in the current radio frame;
[0031] If, for at least one candidate location in the current radio frame, it is determined that one or more signals need to be transmitted to at least one user equipment, then one or more signals are transmitted to at least one user equipment using at least one candidate location in the current radio frame;
[0032] If, for at least one candidate location in the current radio frame, it is determined that one or more signals will not be transmitted to at least one user equipment, then it is determined whether a maximum number of transmission failures has occurred, wherein a transmission failure is determined to have occurred when it is determined that no signal is to be transmitted or to be transmitted in the current radio frame; and
[0033] If it is determined that the maximum number of transmission failures has occurred, one or more signals are transmitted to at least one user equipment using at least one candidate location in the current radio frame.
[0034] In some examples, determining whether a maximum number of transmission failures has occurred includes: determining whether the number of consecutive transmission failures has reached a threshold and / or determining whether the number of transmission failures within a window of one or more previous frames has reached a threshold.
[0035] In some examples, the computer program is stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium.
[0036] According to various, but not all, embodiments, an apparatus is provided comprising:
[0037] At least one processor; and
[0038] At least one memory including computer program code;
[0039] The at least one memory and computer program code are configured, together with at least one processor, to cause the device to perform at least a portion of one or more methods disclosed herein.
[0040] According to various, but not all, embodiments, an apparatus is provided that includes components for performing at least a portion of one or more methods disclosed herein.
[0041] Examples as claimed in the appended claims are provided according to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments.
[0042] Additionally, the description of the function and / or action should be regarded as also disclosing any means / components suitable for performing the function and / or action. Attached Figure Description
[0043] Some examples will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0044] Figure 1 An example of the topic described in this article is shown;
[0045] Figure 2 This article presents another example of the topic described in it;
[0046] Figure 3A This article presents another example of the topic described in it;
[0047] Figure 3B This article presents another example of the topic described in it;
[0048] Figure 4 This article presents another example of the topic described in it;
[0049] Figure 5 This article presents another example of the topic described in it;
[0050] Figure 6 This article presents another example of the topic described in it;
[0051] Figure 7 This article presents another example of the topic described in it;
[0052] Figure 8 This article presents another example of the topic described in it;
[0053] Figure 9 This article presents another example of the topic described in it;
[0054] Figure 10 This article presents another example of the topic described in it;
[0055] Figure 11 This article presents another example of the topic described in it;
[0056] Figure 12A This article illustrates another example of the subject matter described herein; and
[0057] Figure 12B This shows another example of the topic described in this article.
[0058] abbreviations
[0059] CCA Idle Channel Assessment
[0060] DL downlink
[0061] gNB gNodeB
[0062] LBT Listen before you speak
[0063] l w Failed / Unavailable Sample Counter in Window
[0064] l C Consecutive Failure / Unavailable Sample Counter
[0065] l S Success / Available Sample Counter in Window
[0066] L MAX Maximum number of failed / unavailable samples within a window
[0067] LTE Long Term Evolution
[0068] n Frame number
[0069] NR New Radio
[0070] NR-U Unauthorized NR
[0071] Probability of successful transmission at the first candidate position (P1)
[0072] Probability of successful transmission at the second candidate position (P2)
[0073] RLM radio link monitoring
[0074] RRM Radio Resource Management
[0075] SCell Auxiliary Community
[0076] S MIN Minimum number of failed / unavailable samples within the window
[0077] SSB Synchronization Signal Block
[0078] SSB[n] represents the SSB state of the nth frame, where 0 indicates LBT failure, 1 indicates the first SSB candidate position is used, and 2 indicates the second candidate position is used.
[0079] UE User Equipment
[0080] NUNAV maximum number of consecutive unavailable samples
[0081] X is the window length used to monitor available / unavailable samples. Detailed Implementation
[0082] Figure 1 An example of a network 100 comprising multiple network nodes, including terminal node 110, access node 120, and one or more core nodes 129, is shown. Terminal node 110 and access node 120 communicate with each other. One or more core nodes 129 communicate with access node 120.
[0083] In this example, network 100 is a telecommunications network in which at least some of the terminal nodes 110 and access nodes 120 communicate with each other by transmitting / receiving radio waves / signals.
[0084] In some examples, one or more core nodes 129 can communicate with each other. In some examples, one or more access nodes 120 can communicate with each other.
[0085] In some examples, one or more terminal nodes 110 can communicate with each other.
[0086] Network 100 may be a cellular network comprising multiple cells 122, each served by an access node 120. In this example, the interface between terminal node 110 and access node 120 defining cell 122 is wireless interface 124.
[0087] Access node 120 is a cellular radio transceiver. Terminal node 110 is a cellular radio transceiver.
[0088] In the example shown, cellular network 100 is a 3GPP network, where terminal node 110 is a user equipment (UE) and access node 120 is a base station (e.g., gNB).
[0089] The functions of a base station can be distributed between a central unit (CU) (e.g., gNB-CU) and one or more distributed units (DU) (e.g., gNB-DU).
[0090] In the specific example shown, network 100 is an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN). The E-UTRAN includes E-UTRAN NodeBs (eNBs) that provide E-UTRA user plane and control plane (e.g., RRC) protocol termination toward the UE. eNBs 120 interconnect with each other via X2 interface 126. The eNBs are also connected to a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 129 via S1 interface 128.
[0091] In another example, network 100 is a next-generation (or new radio NR) radio access network (NG-RAN). NG-RAN includes gNodeBs (gNBs) that provide user plane and control plane (e.g., RRC) protocol termination to the UE. gNBs interconnect with each other via X2 / Xn interfaces 126. gNBs also connect to the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) via N2 interfaces 128.
[0092] In the example, network 100 may include a combination of E-UTRAN and NG-RAN.
[0093] exist Figure 1 The diagram also shows device 10. In the example, device 10 can be considered as equipment and / or apparatus and / or test apparatus and / or test equipment and / or test gear, etc.
[0094] In the example, device 10 is configured to test and / or verify one or more terminal nodes 110, such as one or more UEs.
[0095] Device 10 can be configured to test and / or verify one or more terminal nodes 110 using any suitable method and in any suitable manner.
[0096] In some examples, device 10 can be considered as a device 10 used for and / or configured for UE authentication.
[0097] In some examples, device 10 is configured to emulate and / or simulate access node 120 (such as gNB) and / or core node 129.
[0098] In the example, device 10 is configured to emulate and / or simulate the behavior and / or functionality of access node 120 and / or core node 129 using and / or targeting one or more terminal nodes 110 (such as one or more UEs).
[0099] In some examples, device 10 is configured to test and / or verify that one or more terminal nodes 110 can meet one or more requirements. For example, device 10 may be configured to test and / or verify that one or more terminal nodes 110 can meet one or more requirements for operation in a network such as network 100.
[0100] In the example, device 10 is configured to test and / or verify that one or more end nodes 110 can meet one or more RRM performance requirements for operation in a network such as network 100.
[0101] In some examples, device 10 is configured to utilize one or more terminal nodes 110 to perform and / or run one or more test instances. For example, device 10 may be configured to utilize one or more UEs 12 to perform and / or run one or more test instances to test and / or verify that one or more NR-U-enabled UEs 12 can meet associated requirements, such as SCell activation delay and / or RLM synchronization evaluation period.
[0102] In this example, device 10 is configured to simulate and / or emulate DL transmission failures. For example, device 10 may be configured to simulate DL LBT / CCA failures during testing and / or verification of one or more end nodes 110. For the sake of brevity, LBT / CCA will be referred to herein as LBT.
[0103] In the example, device 10 is configured to limit the number and / or maximum number of DL LBT failures during testing of one or more endpoints 110 in any suitable manner to ensure that the testing of one or more endpoints is not invalid. For example, in the test and / or test instance, the behavior of endpoint 110 when DL LBT failures exceed a certain level and / or threshold will not be tested.
[0104] In the example, device 10 is configured to communicate with one or more terminal nodes 110 in any suitable manner (e.g., using wired and / or wireless communication).
[0105] Figure 2 An example of method 200 is shown.
[0106] In the example, Figure 2 This can be seen as illustrating multiple methods. For example, Figure 2 This illustrates one or more actions at multiple participants / entities. In the example, Figure 2 This can be seen as demonstrating multiple methods performed by various participants / entities.
[0107] Information can be found in one or more other accompanying figures. Figure 2 One or more features are being discussed. (In the discussion) Figure 2 During this process, other accompanying figures will be referenced for illustrative purposes.
[0108] exist Figure 2 In the example, multiple devices send and / or receive one or more signals 20 and / or one or more messages. In the example, any suitable form of communication utilizing any suitable method can be used. For example, wireless and / or wired communication can be used.
[0109] In the example shown, terminal node 110 (which is in Figure 2 In the example, UE 12) and device 10 send and / or receive one or more signals 20 and / or one or more messages.
[0110] exist Figure 2 In the example, device 10 can be as follows: Figure 1 The device described herein can be referred to as a test device.
[0111] because Figure 2 It shows one or more actions being sent, therefore, Figure 2 The corresponding receiving characteristics / actions are also shown, and vice versa.
[0112] In the example, it can be done via any number of mediators (including no mediators). Figure 2 Communication and / or transmission between components.
[0113] In the example, method 200 and / or one or more parts of method 200 can be regarded as a method for testing terminal node 110 and / or a method for verifying terminal node 110 and / or a method for authenticating terminal node 110, etc.
[0114] In some examples, method 200 and / or one or more parts of method 200 can be regarded as a method for limiting the number of simulated / emulated transmission failures during testing and / or verification and / or authentication of terminal node 110.
[0115] In some examples, method 200 and / or one or more parts of method 200 can be regarded as a method that enables testing of at least one user equipment 12 on multiple radio frames 14.
[0116] Therefore, in some examples, method 200 can be viewed as enabling at least one user equipment 12 to be tested on multiple radio frames 14 by performing one or more frames of method 200 at least once on multiple radio frames 14.
[0117] In some examples, one or more boxes of method 200 are executed frame by frame for multiple radio frames 14. That is, in the example, one or more boxes of method 200 are executed at least once for the radio frame 14 under consideration, and then the next radio frame 14 is considered.
[0118] In some examples, radio frame 14 currently under consideration can be regarded as radio frame 16.
[0119] For example, see Figure 3B It schematically shows multiple radio frames 14, with the current radio frame 16 highlighted in shadow.
[0120] In the example, radio frame 14 has associated positions 17, where one or more positions are designated as and / or can be considered as candidate positions 18 for transmitting one or more signals 20.
[0121] Therefore, candidate position 18 can be regarded as a position in radio frame 14 that is designated for and / or regarded as being used for transmitting one or more signals 20.
[0122] For example, see Figure 3A It schematically shows a radio frame 14 including multiple positions 17.
[0123] exist Figure 3A In the example, two candidate positions 18a and 18b are highlighted by shading. In the example, candidate position 18a can be considered the first candidate position, and candidate position 18b can be considered the second candidate position.
[0124] In the example, radio frame 14 may include any suitable number of positions 17 and / or candidate positions 18.
[0125] refer to Figure 2 At block 202, method 200 includes: determining, for at least one candidate location 18 in the current radio frame 16, whether to transmit one or more signals 20 to at least one user equipment 12, based at least in part on one or more probabilities associated with at least one candidate location 18 in the current radio frame 16.
[0126] In the example shown, the position of the box indicates the entity performing the action. For example, in Figure 2 In the test equipment, and / or by the test equipment, box 202 is executed.
[0127] In the example, any suitable method or in any suitable manner can be used to determine at box 202 whether to send one or more signals 20.
[0128] As used herein, the term "determine" (and its grammatical variations) can include at least: deduction, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, lookup (e.g., searching in a table, database, or another data structure), judgment, etc. Furthermore, "determine" can include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc. Additionally, "determine" can include parsing, selecting, choosing, establishing, etc.
[0129] In the example, if it is determined that one or more signals 20 will be transmitted at candidate location 18 in radio frame 14, this can be considered a successful transmission of candidate location 18 in radio frame 14. Such a successful transmission can be regarded as a successful location transmission.
[0130] In the example, if it is determined that one or more signals 20 are not transmitted at candidate location 18 in radio frame 14, this can be considered a transmission failure of candidate location 18 in radio frame 14. Such a transmission failure can be regarded as a location transmission failure.
[0131] In some examples, a determination of whether to transmit one or more signals 20 can be performed for any suitable number of candidate locations 18 in radio frame 14. For example, one, two, or three candidate locations 18 can be considered.
[0132] In some examples, determining whether to send one or more signals 20 to at least one user equipment 12 for at least one candidate location 18 in the current radio frame 16 includes: determining whether to send one or more signals 20 to at least one user equipment 12 for a first candidate location 18 in the current radio frame 16, based at least in part on the associated successful transmission probability.
[0133] In some examples, determining whether to send one or more signals 20 to at least one user equipment 12 for at least one candidate location 18 in the current radio frame 16 includes: determining whether to send one or more signals 20 to at least one user equipment 12 for multiple candidate locations 18 in the current radio frame 16.
[0134] In some examples, the number of candidate locations 18 under consideration may be the same and / or different across different radio frames 14. For example, the radio frame 14 under consideration during the execution of method 200 may include two candidate locations 18.
[0135] In the example, consideration of subsequent candidate positions 18 in the current radio frame 16 may depend on the result of determining previous candidate positions 18 in the current radio frame 16.
[0136] In some examples, if it is determined that one or more signals 20 are to be transmitted to at least one user equipment 12 at one or more candidate locations 18, the next radio frame 14 is considered instead of the subsequent candidate locations 18 in the current radio frame 16.
[0137] For example, if there are two candidate positions 18a and 18b in the current radio frame 16, and it is determined that one or more signals 20 will be transmitted at the first candidate position 18a, then the second candidate position 18b is not considered.
[0138] Therefore, in some examples, if a transmission failure is determined in a previous candidate position 18 in the current radio frame 16, a subsequent candidate position 18 in the current radio frame 16 is considered.
[0139] In some examples, if it is determined that one or more signals 20 are to be transmitted to at least one user equipment 12 at one or more candidate locations 18, then subsequent candidate locations 18 of the current radio frame 16 are considered for transmitting one or more signals 20.
[0140] In the example, the same or different signals 20 can be transmitted at different candidate locations 18 in radio frame 14.
[0141] For example, if there are two candidate positions 18a and 18b in the current radio frame 16, and it is determined that one or more signals 20 will be transmitted at the first candidate position 18a, then the second candidate position 18b is considered for transmitting the same and / or different signals.
[0142] In some examples, any suitable method and in any suitable manner may be used to determine whether to send one or more signals 20 to at least one user equipment 12 based at least in part on one or more probabilities associated with the candidate location 18 in the current radio frame 16.
[0143] In some examples, each candidate location 18 in radio frame 14 has at least one associated probability.
[0144] In some examples, one or more associated probabilities can be considered and / or can be considered to represent and / or can be configured to represent the probability of transmission failure and / or transmission success at the associated candidate location 18.
[0145] For example, the probability associated with the first candidate position 18 can be considered and / or can be considered to represent and / or can be configured to represent the probability of transmission failure and / or transmission success at the first candidate position 18.
[0146] In some examples, one or more probabilities can be considered and / or can be considered to represent and / or can be configured to represent the probability of LBT failure and / or LBT success at the associated candidate position 18.
[0147] For example, the probability associated with the second candidate position 18 can be considered and / or can be considered to represent and / or can be configured to represent the probability of LBT failure and / or LBT success at the second candidate position 18.
[0148] In some examples, different candidate positions 18 in the current radio frame 16 have the same or different associated probabilities.
[0149] In some examples, it may be determined, at least in part, based on the associated probability, whether to transmit one or more signals 20 at candidate positions 18 in the current radio frame 16.
[0150] As used in this article, the term "random" is intended to include both random and pseudo-random.
[0151] In some examples, any suitable random process can be used in combination with associated probabilities to determine whether to send one or more signals 20 at candidate position 18.
[0152] In some examples, candidate position 18 has an associated probability value P, and any suitable random process can be used in combination with / in conjunction with the associated probability value P to randomly determine whether to transmit one or more signals 20 at candidate position 18 in the current radio frame 16.
[0153] For example, for a current radio frame 16 with first and second candidate positions 18a and 18b, the first candidate position 18a may have an associated probability P1, and the second candidate position 18b may have an associated probability P2. P1 and P2 may be the same or different.
[0154] In the example, for candidate location 18, a random number can be generated and compared with the associated probability value P to determine whether to send one or more signals 18 to at least one user equipment 12 at candidate location 18.
[0155] For example, P can have any suitable value between 0 and 1 (inclusive), and a number between 0 and 1 (inclusive) can be randomly generated and compared with P.
[0156] In the example, if the randomly generated number is greater than or equal to P (or, in some examples, less than or equal to P), then the success or failure of the transmission at candidate position 18 can be determined and / or simulated and / or simulated.
[0157] Therefore, in the example, P can be considered as representing the probability of successful and / or failed transmission at the associated candidate location 18.
[0158] Any suitable value of P can be used for candidate position 18. In some examples, the value of P can be chosen based on the test conditions. For example, the value of P can be chosen to simulate and / or simulate the amount of interference that leads to the probability of LBT failure / success.
[0159] A value P = 0 indicates that all location transmissions failed, and a value P = 1 indicates that all location transmissions succeeded.
[0160] In some examples, P can have values in the range of 0.5 to 0.95.
[0161] refer to Figure 3A The first candidate position 18a can have an associated probability P1, and the second candidate position 18b can have an associated probability P2.
[0162] for Figure 3A In the example radio frame 14, the transmission failure / success probability at the first candidate position 18a is represented by P1, and the transmission success / failure probability at the second candidate position 18b is represented by P2.
[0163] For example, in Figure 3A In the example, P1 can have a value of 0.6, and P2 can have a value of 0.5. If the randomly generated number between 0 and 1 (inclusive) is greater than P1, the location transmission is determined to have failed and one or more signals 20 will not be sent at the first candidate location 18a.
[0164] If the randomly generated number between 0 and 1 (inclusive) is less than P2, then the location transmission is determined to be successful and one or more signals 20 will be sent at the second candidate location 18b.
[0165] In some examples, if transmission fails at the first candidate position 18a, the second candidate position 18b is considered.
[0166] Reference Back Figure 2 If, for at least one candidate location 18 in the current radio frame 16, it is determined that one or more signals 20 are to be transmitted to at least one user equipment 12, then method 200 proceeds to block 204.
[0167] At block 204, method 200 includes: transmitting one or more signals 20 to at least one user equipment 12 using at least one candidate location 18 in the current radio frame 16.
[0168] In some examples, at box 204, method 200 may be considered to include: transmitting one or more signals 20 from device 10 and / or gNB 120 to at least one user equipment 12 using at least one candidate location 18 in the current radio frame 16.
[0169] therefore, Figure 2 It is shown that if, for at least one candidate position 18 in the current radio frame 16, it is determined that one or more signals 20 are to be transmitted to at least one user equipment 12, then one or more signals 20 are transmitted to at least one user equipment 12 using at least one candidate position 18 in the current radio frame 16.
[0170] In some examples, when a successful transmission is determined at candidate position 18 in box 202, method 200 proceeds to box 204 and sends one or more signals 20 at the determined candidate position 18.
[0171] In some examples, when multiple candidate locations 18 have been considered at box 202, method 200 proceeds to box 204 and sends one or more signals 20 at box 204 at the candidate location 18 that has been determined to have an associated successful transmission.
[0172] In some examples, method 200 may move back to box 202 after box 204 to allow the determination at box 202 to be performed after one or more signals 20 have been sent at box 204 for a successful candidate position 18 of the current radio frame 16.
[0173] For example, if a successful transmission is determined at a first candidate location 18 of the current radio frame 16, one or more signals 20 may be sent to at least one user equipment 12 at the first candidate location 18 before considering a second candidate location 18 of the current radio frame 16, and so on.
[0174] In some examples, for the current radio frame 16, method 200 does not move back to box 202.
[0175] In some examples, any suitable information can be used to send one or more signals 20 to at least one user equipment 12 in any suitable manner.
[0176] For example, any suitable wireless and / or wired transmission can be used to send one or more signals 20.
[0177] In some examples, one or more signals 20 may include any suitable signals and / or messages.
[0178] In some examples, one or more signals depend on the test being executed.
[0179] In some examples, sending one or more signals 20 includes sending a synchronization signal block (SSB).
[0180] In some examples, method 200 includes sending one or more other signals after sending one or more signals 20.
[0181] For example, method 200 may include sending data after sending the SSB. See, for example, [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 11 .
[0182] In some examples, method 200 includes: if it is determined, for a candidate position 18 in the current radio frame 16, to transmit one or more signals 20 to at least one user equipment 12, then transmitting one or more other signals in candidate positions 18 after the candidate position 18 in the current radio frame 16 in which the candidate position 18 in which the candidate position 18 in which the candidate position 18 in which the candidate position 18 in which the candidate position 20 ...
[0183] For example, if an SSB with a first index is successfully sent at the first candidate position 18, then the subsequent candidate position 18 is used for the next SSB index.
[0184] If it is determined that one or more signals 20 will not be transmitted to at least one user equipment 12 for at least one candidate location 18 in the current radio frame 16, then method 200 proceeds to block 206.
[0185] At box 206, method 200 includes determining whether the maximum number of transmission failures 22 has occurred. In some examples, transmission failure 22 can be determined to have occurred when it is determined that no signal is being transmitted or is intended to be transmitted in the current radio frame 16.
[0186] This transmission failure 22 (for example, see...) Figure 3B This can be considered as radio frame transmission failure 22. In some examples, radio transmission failure 22 can be considered as an unavailable sample.
[0187] therefore, Figure 2 It is shown that if, for at least one candidate position 18 in the current radio frame 16, it is determined that one or more signals 20 will not be sent to at least one user equipment 12, then a maximum number of transmission failures has occurred, wherein a transmission failure 22 is determined to have occurred when it is determined that no signal is to be sent or to be sent in the current radio frame 16.
[0188] In some examples, when it is determined that no signal is being sent or is to be sent in candidate position 18 of radio frame 14, a transmission failure 22 can be determined to have occurred.
[0189] For example, refer to Figure 3A and 3B If, for the radio frame 14 shown, it is determined that one or more signals 20 are not transmitted in either the first or second candidate positions 18a, 18b, then it can be determined that a radio frame transmission failure 22 has occurred. Therefore, in this example, no transmission will occur in... Figure 3A The signal is transmitted in radio frame 14 shown.
[0190] refer to Figure 2 In some examples, the determination at box 206 can be performed after a location transmission failure has occurred at any suitable number of candidate locations 18 in the current radio frame 16.
[0191] In some examples, if the location transmission at the first candidate location 18 of the current radio frame 16 fails to be determined at box 202, the determination at box 206 can be performed. For example, see Figure 5 .
[0192] In some examples, if location transmission fails to occur at the first candidate position 18 of the current radio frame 16 and at any suitable number of subsequent candidate positions 18 of the current radio frame, the determination at box 206 can be performed. For example, see Figure 9 .
[0193] In some examples, if it is determined that radio frame transmission failed 22 for the current radio frame 16, the determination at box 206 can be performed.
[0194] In the example, any suitable method or in any suitable manner can be used to determine whether the maximum number of radio frame transmission failures has occurred.22
[0195] In some examples, determining whether the maximum number of radio frame transmission failures 22 has occurred includes: determining whether the maximum number of radio frame transmission failures 22 has occurred based at least in part on the number of consecutive radio frame transmission failures 22 and / or the number of radio frame transmission failures 22 within the window 26 of the previous radio frame 14.
[0196] In some examples, determining whether the maximum number of radio frame transmission failures 22 has occurred includes: determining whether the number of consecutive radio frame transmission failures 22 has reached a threshold and / or determining whether the number of radio frame transmission failures 22 within the window 26 of the previous radio frame 14 has reached a threshold.
[0197] In some examples, determining whether a maximum number of radio frame transmission failures 22 has occurred can be regarded as determining whether a predetermined number of radio frame transmission failures 22 has occurred.
[0198] In some examples, the threshold can be considered as a predetermined quantity and / or value.
[0199] In some examples, the threshold and / or predetermined quantity and / or value may vary / change during testing and / or test instances.
[0200] In some examples, any suitable method or in any suitable manner can be used to determine whether the number of consecutive radio frame transmission failures 22 has reached a threshold.
[0201] In some examples, when it is determined that radio frame transmission failure 22 has occurred consecutively, a counter is incremented, and the counter value is compared with a threshold. The counter can be determined by l C express.
[0202] Any suitable threshold can be used for continuous radio frame transmission failure 22. For example, a threshold in the range of 3 to 7 can be used for continuous radio frame transmission failure 22.
[0203] In this way, the number of consecutive radio frame transmission failures can be limited by a threshold, which can be N. UNAV express.
[0204] In some examples, any suitable method or in any suitable manner can be used to determine whether the number of radio frame transmission failures 22 in window 26 of the previous radio frame 14 has reached a threshold.
[0205] In some examples, a count of the number of radio frame transmission failures 22 that have occurred within the window 26 of the previous radio frame 14 is maintained, and this count is compared with a threshold. This count can be determined by l w express.
[0206] Any suitable threshold can be used for the number of radio frame transmission failures 22 within the window 26 used for the previous radio frame 14. For example, a threshold in the range of 5 to 9 can be used for the number of radio frame transmission failures 22 within the window 26. In some examples, a threshold of 7 can be used for the number of radio frame transmission failures 22 within the window 26.
[0207] In some examples, determining whether the maximum number of radio frame transmission failures 22 has occurred includes determining, in addition to or instead of the number of radio frame transmission failures 22 within window 26, the number of successful radio frame transmissions within window 26.
[0208] A successful radio frame transmission can be referred to as a transmission success and can be considered as a radio frame 14 in which one or more signals 20 have been successfully transmitted. A successful radio frame transmission can be considered as a usable sample.
[0209] For example, a count of successful radio frame transmissions can be stored and compared to a threshold. See, for example... Figure 6 The counter can be made by l S express.
[0210] In this way, the number of radio transmission failures within window 26 can be limited by a threshold, which can be determined by L. MAX express.
[0211] In some examples, method 200 includes recording and / or storing the transmission result 28 of the current frame 14.
[0212] Transmission result 28 can be regarded as an indication of whether and / or where one or more signals are transmitted in radio frame 14.
[0213] In the example, the transmission results can be recorded and / or stored in any suitable manner using any appropriate method.28
[0214] In some examples, recording and / or storing the transmission results 28 includes recording and / or storing information in at least one memory (e.g., in at least one data structure).
[0215] In some examples, a vector quantity can be used to record / store transmission results. For example, SSB[n] can be used to record / store transmission results, where n represents the transmission result 28 of the nth radio frame 14, and has a value of "1" if one or more signals are transmitted in the first candidate position 18, a value of "2" if one or more signals are transmitted in the second candidate position 18, and a value of "0" if a radio frame transmission failure 22 occurs. Any suitable number of candidate positions 18 can be used.
[0216] However, in some examples, the transmission results can be recorded and / or stored in any suitable manner.28
[0217] refer to Figure 3B .
[0218] exist Figure 3B In the example, the transmission result 28 of radio frame 14 is shown above the corresponding radio frame 14.
[0219] In the example shown, the transmission result is "1" for the transmission in the first candidate position, "2" for the transmission in the second candidate position, or "0" for radio frame transmission failure 22. In the example of Figure 3, the transmissions in the first and second candidate positions 18 are mutually exclusive.
[0220] exist Figure 3B The example also shows a window 26 of the previous radio frame, which is located to the left of the indicated current radio frame 16.
[0221] In the example of Figure 3, window 26 contains and / or covers and / or includes 5 previous radio frames 14.
[0222] In the example shown, the transmission result 28 of radio frame 14 in window 26 is “2”, “0”, “0”, “0”, “0”. Therefore, the transmission result 28 in window 26 of Figure 3 is the transmission of one or more signals 20 in the second candidate position, followed by four radio frame transmission failures 22.
[0223] Therefore, in the example of Figure 3, there are four consecutive radio frame transmission failures 22 and four radio frame transmission failures 22 within window 26.
[0224] Reference Back Figure 2 .
[0225] In the example, determining whether the maximum number of transmission failures has occurred includes analyzing the transmission result 28 of radio frame 14 in window 26.
[0226] Therefore, in some examples, Figure 2 The method 200 is shown to include recording the transmission result 28 of the current frame 16, wherein determining whether the maximum number of transmission failures has occurred includes analyzing the transmission result 28 of the radio frame 14 in the window 26.
[0227] In the example, the size of window 26 in the previous frame is either fixed or variable.
[0228] Therefore, in the example, the number of previous transmission results 28 considered in window 26 can be fixed for the test instance, or it can vary during the test instance.
[0229] In the example, the size of window 26 can be determined using any suitable method or in any suitable manner.
[0230] In some examples, the size of window 26 is determined at least in part based on at least one radio resource management requirement and / or requirements in one or more tests.
[0231] In another implementation option, window X can be adjusted to comply with RLM core requirements, as follows:
[0232] Max(100,Ceil((5+L in )*P)*T SSB )
[0233] Where: L in It is the number of radio frame transmission failures 22 in window 26 or l w T SSB It is the time between SSB outbreaks.
[0234] For P=1 (which is considered the common case) and T SSB =20ms, can be interpreted as 5+l W A window consisting of consecutive frames. For example, see [link to example]. Figure 6 .
[0235] In the example, the method can be modified to make checking the counter simpler. Since the core requirement could mean that the analyzed variable window length must contain 5 valid SSBs when considering the above parameters, therefore, 5+l W The number of failed LBT samples within the analysis was l W <L MAX This is equivalent to fixing the window X = 5 + L. MAX Number of successful LBT samples within l S Analysis as l S ≥S MIN For example, see Figure 7 .
[0236] If it is determined that the maximum number of radio frame transmission failures has occurred, method 200 proceeds to box 208.
[0237] At box 208, method 200 includes: sending one or more signals 20 to at least one user equipment 12 using at least one candidate position 18 in the current frame 14.
[0238] Therefore, in some examples, method 200 includes: if it is determined that the maximum number of transmission failures 22 has occurred, then sending one or more signals 20 to at least one user equipment 12 using at least one candidate location 18 in the current radio frame 14.
[0239] At box 208, one or more signals 20 are transmitted in the current radio frame 14 to prevent another radio frame transmission failure 22 from occurring and / or to limit the number of radio frame transmission failures 22.
[0240] In some examples, any suitable information can be used to send one or more signals 20 to at least one user equipment 12 in any suitable manner.
[0241] For example, any suitable wireless and / or wired transmission can be used to send one or more signals 20.
[0242] In some examples, one or more signals may include any suitable signal and / or message.
[0243] In some examples, one or more signals depend on the test being executed.
[0244] In some examples, sending one or more signals 20 includes sending a synchronization signal block (SSB).
[0245] In the example, at box 208, one or more signals 20 can be transmitted using any candidate position 18 in the current radio frame 16.
[0246] In some examples, if it is determined that the maximum number of transmission failures has occurred, transmitting one or more signals 20 using at least one candidate position 18 in the current radio frame 14 includes transmitting one or more signals 20 in the last candidate position 18 of the current radio frame 14.
[0247] In some examples, if it is determined at box 206 that the maximum number of radio frame transmission failures 22 has not yet occurred, method 200 may move back to box 202 to consider one or more other candidate positions 18 for the current radio frame 16.
[0248] In some examples, if it is determined at box 206 that the maximum number of radio frame transmission failures 22 has not yet occurred, then for the current radio frame 16, radio frame transmission failure 22 is determined, and for example for the current radio frame 16, "0" is recorded and / or stored.
[0249] In some examples, method 200 may proceed to box 210 after boxes 202, 204, 206 and / or 208 have been parsed for the current radio frame 16.
[0250] At box 210, method 200 includes: determining whether the behavior of terminal node 110 (which may be UE 12) is consistent with one or more requirements (such as one or more RRM requirements and / or one or more test requirements).
[0251] In some examples, any suitable method or manner may be used to determine whether the behavior of terminal node 110 is consistent with one or more requirements.
[0252] For example, one or more signals 20 can be sent between terminal nodes 110, 12 and test device 10.
[0253] In some examples, one or more signals 20 are sent from the terminal node 110 to the test device 10 and used by the test device in a determined manner.
[0254] In some examples, after box 210, method 200 can return to box 202 for the next radio frame 14, which becomes the current radio frame 16. This can continue until the test and / or test instance ends.
[0255] In some examples, tests and / or test instances may end based at least in part on any suitable criteria or one or more guidelines.
[0256] For example, tests and / or test instances may end at least in part based on the number of frames considered and / or the amount of time elapsed.
[0257] In some examples, method 200 proceeds to box 212 when the test and / or test instance has ended.
[0258] At box 212, method 200 includes: providing test results for tests and / or test instances.
[0259] In some examples, test results can be provided in any suitable way or by any appropriate method. For example, test results can be sent and / or output in any suitable manner.
[0260] Some examples are valid for a set of one or more signal 20 / SSB indices and two candidate locations.
[0261] Some examples are valid for two sets of one or more signal 20 / SSB indices and two SSB candidate positions (where two sets of signal 20 / SSB are sent).
[0262] In the latter case, it can be assumed that if the first candidate position of the first SSB index is not used due to a location transmission failure, then the first candidate position 18 of the second SSB index is also not used.
[0263] In some examples, method 200 can be executed "in real time" and, when a determination is made for the current radio frame 16, one or more signals 20 may or may not be transmitted.
[0264] In some examples, method 200 may be performed for multiple radio frames 14 of the test instance before interacting with UE terminal node 110, such that a schedule for transmission or non-transmission of one or more signals 20 for radio frames 14 of the test instance is determined before interacting with UE 12.
[0265] The examples disclosed herein provide technical benefits. For example, the examples disclosed herein are used to test terminal nodes such as UEs while preventing invalid test results.
[0266] Examples of this disclosure control and / or limit the number of simulated and / or emulated transmission failures during testing to prevent invalid radio frame transmission failures and invalidate test results.
[0267] The examples in this disclosure are for avoiding combinations of location transfer failures (such as LBT failures), for which no explicit requirements are specified for conformance testing.
[0268] Figure 4 An example of method 400 is shown.
[0269] In some examples, method 400 can be performed by any suitable device that includes any suitable components for performing method 400.
[0270] In some examples, method 400 can be performed by device 10, which can be regarded as a test device.
[0271] Method 400 includes enabling the execution of at least Figure 4 The example shown in method 400 tests at least one user equipment 12 on multiple radio frames 14.
[0272] At block 402, method 400 includes: determining, for at least one candidate location 18 in the current radio frame 16, whether to transmit one or more signals 20 to at least one user equipment 12, based at least in part on one or more probabilities associated with at least one candidate location 18 in the current radio frame 16.
[0273] If, for at least one candidate location 18 in the current radio frame 16, it is determined that one or more signals 20 should be transmitted to at least one user equipment 12, then method 400 proceeds to block 404.
[0274] At block 404, method 400 includes: transmitting one or more signals 20 to at least one user equipment 12 using at least one candidate location 18 in the current radio frame 16.
[0275] In some examples, method 400 can return from box 404 to box 402, as shown by the dashed line connecting boxes 404 and 402. In some examples, a new radio frame 14 can be considered at box 402, or one or more other candidate positions 18 of the current radio frame 16 can be considered at box 402.
[0276] If at block 402 it is determined that one or more signals 20 will not be transmitted to at least one user equipment 12 for at least one candidate position 18 in the current radio frame 16, then method 400 proceeds to block 406.
[0277] At block 406, method 400 includes: determining whether a maximum number of transmission failures 22 has occurred, wherein the determination of transmission failure 22 occurs when it is determined that no signal is to be transmitted or to be transmitted in the current radio frame 16.
[0278] If it is determined that the maximum number of transmission failures 22 has occurred, then method 400 proceeds to box 408.
[0279] At block 408, method 400 includes: transmitting one or more signals 20 to at least one user equipment 12 using at least one candidate location 18 in the current radio frame 16.
[0280] After box 408, method 400 returns to box 402, and the new radio frame 14 is treated as the current radio frame 16.
[0281] In some examples, if it is determined at box 406 that the maximum number of transmission failures 22 has not yet occurred, then method 400 can return to box 402.
[0282] Method 400 may end when a predetermined number of radio frames 14 have been considered and / or when a predetermined time has elapsed.
[0283] Figure 5 An example of method 500 is shown.
[0284] In some examples, method 500 can be performed by any suitable device that includes any suitable components for performing method 500.
[0285] In some examples, method 500 can be performed by device 10, which can be regarded as a test device.
[0286] exist Figure 5 In the example, simulated and / or emulated LBT transmissions failed. Figure 5 In the example, the number of consecutive radio frame transmission failures 22 is limited / controlled.
[0287] At box 502, initialize the parameters used in method 500, including P1, P2, and N. UNAV .
[0288] At box 504, counter l is initialized to zero. Figure 5 In the example, l is a counter for the number of consecutive radio frame transmission failures. In some examples, the counter l can be considered as l C .
[0289] As shown at block 506, the method 500 comprises: calculating LBT for an SSB burst. In some examples, this may be considered as calculating LBT for the current radio frame 16.
[0290] At block 508, a random number x1 between 0 and 1 is determined.
[0291] If at block 510, x1<P1, then the method 500 proceeds to block 512, and it is determined that LBT at candidate position 1 is successful. The counter l is set to zero.
[0292] If at block 510, x1 is not less than P1, then the method 500 proceeds to block 514.
[0293] At block 514, the method 500 checks the number of consecutive radio frame transmission failures 22.
[0294] In Figure 5 the example, at block 514, it is determined whether l<N UNAV -1.
[0295] If block 514 is determined to be false, it is determined that a predetermined number of consecutive radio frame transmission failures 22 has occurred, and the method 500 proceeds to block 516.
[0296] At block 516, it is determined that LBT at candidate position 2 is successful, and the counter l is set to zero.
[0297] In some examples, if block 514 is determined to be false, the method 500 may proceed to block 512, as indicated by the dashed line. In such an example, after block 516, it is determined that LBT at candidate position 1 is successful instead of LBT at candidate position 2 being successful.
[0298] If block 514 is determined to be true, the method 500 proceeds to block 516.
[0299] At block 516, a random number x2 between 0 and 1 is determined.
[0300] At block 518, it is determined whether x2<P2.
[0301] If block 518 is determined to be true, the method 500 proceeds to block 516, it is determined that LBT at candidate position 2 is successful, and the counter l is set to zero.
[0302] If block 518 is determined to be false, the method 500 proceeds to block 520, it is determined that LBT fails for the current radio frame / SSB burst, and the counter l is incremented by one.
[0303] Figure 6An example of method 600 is shown.
[0304] In some examples, method 600 can be performed by any suitable device that includes any suitable components for performing method 600.
[0305] In some examples, method 600 can be performed by device 10, which can be regarded as a test device.
[0306] exist Figure 6 In the example, simulated and / or emulated LBT transmissions failed. Figure 6 In the example, the number of radio frame transmission failures in a window 26 of size X is limited / controlled.
[0307] At box 602, initialize the parameters used for method 600, including P1, P2, and L. MAX The counter lw for the number of radio frame transmission failures in window 26 is initialized to zero.
[0308] After initialization, method 600 proceeds to box 608. As shown in box 608, method 600 includes: calculating the LBT of the nth SSB burst. In some examples, this can be viewed as calculating the LBT of the current nth radio frame 16.
[0309] At box 610, determine a random number x1 between 0 and 1.
[0310] At box 612, determine if x1 is correct. <P1。
[0311] If box 612 is determined to be true, then method 600 proceeds to box 614 and determines that the LBT at candidate position 1 was successful. The transmission result is recorded in SSB[n].
[0312] If box 612 is determined to be false, then method 600 proceeds to box 616.
[0313] At box 616, method 600 checks the number of radio frame transmission failures within window 26. At box 616, it determines whether... w <L MAX -1.
[0314] If box 616 is determined to be false, it is determined that the predetermined number of radio transmission failures 22 in window 26 has been reached, and method 600 proceeds to box 618.
[0315] At box 618, the LBT for candidate position 2 was successfully determined. The transmission result is recorded in SSB[n].
[0316] In some examples, if box 616 is determined to be false, method 600 can proceed to box 614.
[0317] If box 616 is determined to be true, then method 600 proceeds to box 620.
[0318] At box 620, determine a random number x2 between 0 and 1.
[0319] At box 622, determine if x2 is correct. <P2。
[0320] If box 622 is determined to be true, method 600 proceeds to box 618 and determines that the LBT at candidate position 2 is successful. The transmission result is recorded in SSB[n].
[0321] If box 622 is determined to be false, method 600 proceeds to box 624 and, for the current radio frame / SSB burst, determines that LBT failure has occurred. The transmission result is recorded in SSB[n], and counter l w One is added, and method 600 advances to box 604.
[0322] At box 604, determine whether SSB[nX] = 0.
[0323] If box 604 is determined to be false, it is determined that the recorded transmission failure has not moved out of window 26, and method 600 proceeds to box 608.
[0324] If box 604 is determined to be true, then the recorded transmission failure is being moved out of window 26, and at box 606, counter l w It is reduced by one but not lower than zero.
[0325] Then, for the new current radio frame 16 / SSB burst, method 600 proceeds to box 608.
[0326] Figure 7 An example of method 700 is shown.
[0327] In some examples, method 700 can be performed by any suitable means that includes any suitable components for performing method 700.
[0328] In some examples, method 700 can be performed by device 10, which can be regarded as a test device.
[0329] exist Figure 7 In the example, simulated and / or emulated LBT transmissions failed. Figure 7 In the example, the number of successful radio frame transmissions in a window 26 of size X is limited / controlled.
[0330] At box 702, initialize the parameters used in method 700, including P1, P2, and L. MAX SMIN The counters for the number of successful radio frames in window 26 are n and X. S It was initialized to X-1.
[0331] After initialization, method 700 proceeds to box 708. As shown in box 708, method 700 includes: calculating the LBT of the nth SSB burst. In some examples, this can be viewed as calculating the LBT of the current nth radio frame 16.
[0332] At box 708, n is increased by one.
[0333] At box 710, determine a random number x1 between 0 and 1.
[0334] At box 712, determine if x1 is correct. <P1。
[0335] If box 712 is determined to be true, method 700 proceeds to box 714 and confirms that the LBT at candidate position 1 is successful. The transmission result is recorded in SSB[n], and counter l S One is added, and method 700 advances to box 704.
[0336] If box 712 is determined to be false, then method 700 proceeds to box 716.
[0337] At box 716, method 700 checks the number of successful radio frame transmissions within window 26. At box 716, it determines whether... S ≥S MIN .
[0338] If box 716 is determined to be false, it is determined that the predetermined number of radio transmissions in window 26 has been successfully achieved, and method 700 proceeds to box 718.
[0339] At box 718, the LBT at candidate position 2 was confirmed to be successful. The transmission result is recorded in SSB[n], and the counter l S One was added.
[0340] In some examples, if box 716 is determined to be false, method 600 can proceed to box 714, where success is determined at candidate position 1 instead of candidate position 2.
[0341] If box 716 is determined to be true, then method 700 proceeds to box 720.
[0342] At box 720, determine a random number x2 between 0 and 1.
[0343] At box 722, determine if x2 is correct. <P2。
[0344] If box 722 is determined to be true, method 700 proceeds to box 718 and confirms that the LBT at candidate position 2 is successful. The transmission result is recorded in SSB[n] and counter l S One was added.
[0345] If box 722 is determined to be false, method 700 proceeds to box 724 and determines that LBT failure has occurred for the current radio frame / SSB burst. The transmission result is recorded in SSB[n] and method 700 proceeds to box 704.
[0346] At box 704, determine whether n > X and SSB[n-X+1] = 0.
[0347] If box 704 is determined to be false, then method 700 proceeds to box 708.
[0348] If box 704 is determined to be true, then counter l S The number is reduced by one, and for the new current radio frame 16 / SSB burst, method 700 proceeds to frame 708.
[0349] Figure 8 An example of method 800 is shown.
[0350] In some examples, method 800 can be performed by any suitable device that includes any suitable components for performing method 800.
[0351] In some examples, method 800 can be performed by device 10, which can be regarded as a test device.
[0352] exist Figure 8 In the example, simulated and / or emulated LBT transmissions failed. Figure 8 In the example, the number of radio frame transmission failures in a window 26 of size X is limited / controlled, and the number of consecutive radio frame transmission failures is controlled.
[0353] At box 802, initialize the parameters used for method 800, including P1, P2, and N. UNAV L MAX and counter l w A counter for the number of consecutive radio frame failures. C It was initialized to zero.
[0354] After initialization, method 800 proceeds to box 808. As shown in box 808, method 800 includes: calculating the LBT of the nth SSB burst. In some examples, this can be viewed as calculating the LBT of the current nth radio frame 16.
[0355] At box 810, determine a random number x1 between 0 and 1.
[0356] At box 812, determine if x1 is correct. <P1。
[0357] If box 812 is determined to be true, method 800 proceeds to box 814, and the LBT at candidate position 1 is confirmed to be successful. Counter 1 C It is set to zero, and method 800 proceeds to box 806.
[0358] If box 812 is determined to be false, then method 800 proceeds to box 816.
[0359] At box 816, method 800 checks the number of consecutive radio frame transmission failures 22.
[0360] exist Figure 8 In the example, at box 816, it is determined whether l C <N UNAV -1.
[0361] If box 816 is determined to be false, it is determined that a predetermined number of consecutive radio frame transmission failures 22 have occurred, and method 800 proceeds to box 818.
[0362] At box 818, the LBT for candidate position 2 was successfully determined, and the counter l C It was set to zero.
[0363] In some examples, if box 816 is determined to be false, method 800 can proceed to box 814, where the success of determining candidate position 1 instead of candidate position 2 is confirmed.
[0364] If box 816 is determined to be true, then method 800 proceeds to box 820.
[0365] At box 820, method 800 checks the number of radio frame transmission failures 22 within window 26. At box 820, it determines whether... w <L MAX -1.
[0366] If box 820 is determined to be false, it is determined that the predetermined number of radio transmission failures 22 in window 26 has been reached, and method 800 proceeds to box 818.
[0367] In some examples, if box 820 is determined to be false, method 800 can proceed to box 814, where the success of determining candidate position 1 instead of candidate position 2 is confirmed.
[0368] If box 820 is determined to be true, then method 800 proceeds to box 822.
[0369] At box 822, determine a random number x2 between 0 and 1.
[0370] At box 824, determine if x2 is correct. <P2。
[0371] If box 824 is determined to be true, then method 800 proceeds to box 818.
[0372] If box 824 is determined to be false, method 800 proceeds to box 826 and, for the current radio frame / SSB burst, determines that LBT failure has occurred. Counter 1 C One is added, and method 800 advances to box 806.
[0373] At box 806, update the length of window X. Also, for frames in the new window with the updated length, update the counter l. w .
[0374] For the new current radio frame 16 / SSB burst, method 800 proceeds to box 808.
[0375] In some examples, for the current radio frame 16, two or more transmissions of one or more signals 20 can be considered. For example, for a single transmission / SSB index, two or more SSB indices and transmission failures / successes in an SSB burst can be considered independently. See, for example, [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 9 and 10 .
[0376] In this example, it can be assumed that once one or more signal 20 / SSB indices are sent in the candidate locations after a successful location transmission, subsequent candidate locations are used for the next transmission of one or more signal 20 / SSLB indices.
[0377] exist Figure 9 In the example, N UNAV Restrict the transmission of radio frames that do not contain one or more signal 20 / SSB indices.
[0378] exist Figure 10 In the example, considering the transmission of one or more signals 20 / SSB indexes, N UNAV Limit the number of times radio frame transmission fails (22).
[0379] Figure 9 An example of method 900 is shown.
[0380] In some examples, method 900 can be performed by any suitable device that includes any suitable components for performing method 900.
[0381] In some examples, method 900 can be performed by device 10, which can be regarded as a test device.
[0382] exist Figure 9 In the example, simulated and / or emulated LBT transmissions failed. Figure 9 In the example, the number of consecutive radio frame transmission failures is controlled.
[0383] At box 902, initialize the parameters used in method 900, including P1, P2, and N. UNAV .
[0384] At box 904, the counter l for the number of consecutive radio frame failures is initialized to zero.
[0385] After initialization, method 900 proceeds to box 906. As shown in box 906, method 900 includes: calculating the LBT of the new SSB burst. In some examples, this can be viewed as calculating the LBT of the new current radio frame 16.
[0386] At box 908, determine a random number x11 between 0 and 1.
[0387] At box 910, confirm if x11 is correct. <P1。
[0388] If box 910 is determined to be true, method 900 proceeds to box 912, and the LBT at SSB index 1 at candidate position 1 is successfully determined. Counter 1 is set to zero.
[0389] If box 910 is determined to be false, then method 900 proceeds to box 914.
[0390] At box 914, determine a random number x12 between 0 and 1.
[0391] At box 916, confirm whether it is x12. <P1。
[0392] If box 916 is determined to be true, method 900 proceeds to box 918, and the LBT at SSB index 2 at candidate position 1 is successfully determined. Counter 1 is set to zero, and method 900 proceeds to box 906.
[0393] If box 916 is determined to be false, then method 900 proceeds to box 920.
[0394] At box 920, determine a random number x21 between 0 and 1.
[0395] At box 922, confirm whether x21 is correct. <P2。
[0396] If box 922 is determined to be true, method 900 proceeds to box 923, and the LBT at SSB index 1 at candidate position 2 is successfully determined. Counter 1 is set to zero, and method 900 proceeds to box 906.
[0397] If box 922 is determined to be false, then method 900 proceeds to box 924.
[0398] At box 924, determine a random number x22 between 0 and 1.
[0399] At box 926, confirm whether it is x22. <P2。
[0400] If box 926 is determined to be true, method 900 proceeds to box 930, and the LBT at SSB index 2 at candidate position 2 is successfully determined. Counter 1 is set to zero, and method 900 proceeds to box 906.
[0401] If box 926 is determined to be false, then method 900 proceeds to box 928.
[0402] At box 928, method 900 checks the number of consecutive radio frame transmission failures 22.
[0403] exist Figure 9 In the example, at box 928, determine whether l <N UNAV -1.
[0404] If box 928 is determined to be false, then in method 900, it is determined that a predetermined number of consecutive radio frame transmission failures 22 have occurred, and method 900 proceeds to box 930.
[0405] In some examples, if box 928 is determined to be false, method 900 can proceed to any of boxes 918, 912, 923, and 930, and thus success can be determined at any SSB index and / or candidate location.
[0406] If box 928 is determined to be true, method 900 proceeds to box 932 and, for the current radio frame / SSB burst, determines that LBT failure has occurred. Counter 1 is incremented by one, and method 900 proceeds to box 906.
[0407] For the new current radio frame 16 / SSB burst, method 900 proceeds to box 906.
[0408] Figure 10 An example of method 1000 is shown.
[0409] In some examples, method 1000 can be performed by any suitable device that includes any suitable components for performing method 1000.
[0410] In some examples, method 1000 can be performed by device 10, which can be regarded as a test device.
[0411] exist Figure 10 In the example, simulated and / or emulated LBT transmissions failed. Figure 10 In the example, the number of consecutive radio frame transmission failures is controlled.
[0412] At box 1002, initialize the parameters used for method 1000, including P1, P2, and N. UNAV .
[0413] At box 1004, the counter l for the number of consecutive radio frame failures is initialized to zero.
[0414] After initialization, method 1000 proceeds to box 1006. As shown in box 1006, method 1000 includes: calculating the LBT of the new SSB burst. In some examples, this can be viewed as calculating the LBT of the new current radio frame 16.
[0415] At box 1008, determine a random number x11 between 0 and 1.
[0416] At box 1010, confirm whether x11 is correct. <P1。
[0417] If box 1010 is determined to be true, method 1000 proceeds to box 1012, and the LBT of SSB index 1 at candidate position 1 is successfully determined. Counter l is set to zero, and method 1000 proceeds to box 1006.
[0418] If box 1010 is determined to be false, then method 1000 proceeds to box 1014.
[0419] At box 1014, determine a random number x12 between 0 and 1.
[0420] At box 1016, confirm whether x12 is correct. <P1。
[0421] If box 1016 is determined to be true, method 1000 proceeds to box 1018, and the LBT at SSB index 2 at candidate position 1 is successfully determined. Counter 1 is set to zero, and method 1000 proceeds to box 1006.
[0422] If box 1016 is determined to be false, then method 1000 proceeds to box 1020.
[0423] At box 1020, determine a random number x21 between 0 and 1.
[0424] At box 1022, determine if x21 is correct. <P2。
[0425] If box 1022 is determined to be true, method 1000 proceeds to box 1026, and the LBT at SSB index 1 at candidate position 2 is successfully determined. Counter 1 is set to zero, and method 1000 proceeds to box 1006.
[0426] If box 1022 is determined to be false, then method 1000 proceeds to box 1024.
[0427] At box 1024, method 1000 checks the number of consecutive radio frame transmission failures 22.
[0428] exist Figure 10 In the example, at box 1024, it is determined whether l <N UNAV -1.
[0429] If box 1024 is determined to be false, then in method 1000, it is determined that a predetermined number of consecutive radio frame transmission failures 22 have occurred, and method 1000 proceeds to box 1026, and then method 1000 proceeds to box 1006.
[0430] In some examples, if box 1024 is determined to be false, method 1000 can proceed to any of boxes 1018, 1012, 1026, and 1032, and thus can determine success at any SSB index and / or candidate position. Furthermore, method 1000 proceeds to box 1006.
[0431] If box 1024 is determined to be true, then method 1000 proceeds to box 1028.
[0432] At box 1028, determine a random number x22 between 0 and 1.
[0433] At box 1030, confirm whether x22 is correct. <P2。
[0434] If box 1030 is determined to be true, method 1000 proceeds to box 1032, and the LBT at SSB index 2 at candidate position 2 is successfully determined. Counter 1 is set to zero, and method 1000 proceeds to box 1006.
[0435] If box 1030 is determined to be false, method 1000 proceeds to box 1034 and determines that LBT failure has occurred for the current radio frame / SSB burst. Counter 1 is incremented by one, and method 1000 proceeds to box 1006.
[0436] For the new current radio frame 16 / SSB burst, method 1000 proceeds to box 1006.
[0437] Figure 11 An example of method 1100 is shown.
[0438] exist Figure 11 In the example, method 1100 is performed by test device 10 and UE 12.
[0439] At box 1102, the test equipment calculates the LBT of the new SSB burst.
[0440] At box 1102, LBT success is confirmed at candidate location 1, and therefore, at box 1104, SSB is sent from test device 10 to UE 12 at candidate location 1.
[0441] exist Figure 11 In the example, after the successful transmission of SSB, data is sent from test device 10 to UE 12.
[0442] At box 1106, test device 10 checks that the UE behavior is consistent with the requirements.
[0443] At box 1108, the test equipment calculates the LBT of the new SSB burst.
[0444] At box 1108, LBT failure is determined at candidate position 1, and LBT success is determined at candidate position 2.
[0445] Therefore, at box 1112, an SSB is sent from test device 10 to UE 12 at candidate location 2.
[0446] exist Figure 11 In the example, after the successful transmission of SSB, data is sent from test device 10 to UE 12.
[0447] At box 1114, test device 10 checks that the UE behavior is consistent with the requirements.
[0448] At box 1116, test device 10 calculates the LBT of the new SSB burst.
[0449] At box 1116, for both candidate locations, LBT failure is determined, and therefore radio frame transmission failure 22 is determined. Therefore, for the SSB burst determined at box 1116, neither SSB nor data is transmitted.
[0450] However, if it is determined at box 1116 that a predetermined number of radio frame transmissions have failed, an SSB will be sent in either the first or second candidate position 18.
[0451] At box 1122, test device 10 checks that the UE behavior is consistent with the requirements.
[0452] At box 1124, it is determined that the test instance has ended and the test device 10 provides the test instance results.
[0453] Examples of this disclosure provide technical benefits. For example, examples of this disclosure are used to test the behavior of one or more UEs by simulating / simulating transmission failures (such as LBT failures), while controlling the number of transmission failures and preventing invalid test results.
[0454] Figure 12A An example of controller 1130 is shown. Controller 1130 can be used in devices such as test equipment and / or terminal nodes 110 (such as mobile terminals or UE 12). In some examples, controller 1130 can be considered as device 1130.
[0455] In some examples, the device using the controller includes communication components and / or one or more transmitters and / or receivers. For example, the device may include one or more interfaces for one or more cable connections and / or one or more antennas and / or one or more transceivers, etc.
[0456] The controller 1130 can be implemented as a processing circuit. The controller 1130 can be implemented solely in hardware, have some aspects in software (including separate firmware), or be a combination of hardware and software (including firmware).
[0457] like Figure 12A As shown, the controller 1130 can be implemented using instructions that enable / implement hardware functions, for example by using executable instructions of a computer program 1136 in a general-purpose or special-purpose processor 1132, which can be stored on a computer-readable storage medium (disk, memory, etc.) for execution by such processor 1132.
[0458] Processor 1132 is configured to read from and write to memory 1134. Processor 1132 may also include an output interface and an input interface, wherein processor 1132 outputs data and / or commands via the output interface and inputs data and / or commands to processor 1132 via the input interface.
[0459] Memory 1134 stores computer program 1136, which includes computer program instructions (computer program code) that control the operation of the device when loaded into processor 1132. The computer program instructions of computer program 1136 enable the device to execute... Figure 2 The logic and routines of the methods shown in 4 and / or 5 and / or 6 and / or 7 and / or 8 and / or 9 and / or 10 and / or 11. The processor 1132 is able to load and execute the computer program 1136 by reading from the memory 1134.
[0460] Therefore, the device includes:
[0461] At least one processor 1132; and
[0462] At least one memory 1134 including computer program code,
[0463] At least one memory 1134 and computer program code are configured, together with at least one processor 1132, to cause the device to perform at least the following:
[0464] This enables testing of at least one user equipment across multiple radio frames via the following operations:
[0465] For at least one candidate location in the current radio frame, determine whether to transmit one or more signals to at least one user equipment based at least in part on one or more probabilities associated with at least one candidate location in the current radio frame;
[0466] If, for at least one candidate location in the current radio frame, it is determined that one or more signals need to be transmitted to at least one user equipment, then one or more signals are transmitted to at least one user equipment using at least one candidate location in the current radio frame;
[0467] If, for at least one candidate location in the current radio frame, it is determined that one or more signals will not be transmitted to at least one user equipment, then it is determined whether a maximum number of transmission failures has occurred, wherein a transmission failure is determined to have occurred when it is determined that no signal is to be transmitted or to be transmitted in the current radio frame; and
[0468] If it is determined that the maximum number of transmission failures has occurred, one or more signals are transmitted to at least one user equipment using at least one candidate location in the current radio frame.
[0469] like Figure 12A As shown, computer program 1136 can reach the device via any suitable delivery mechanism 1162. Delivery mechanism 1162 can be, for example, a machine-readable medium, a computer-readable medium, a non-transitory computer-readable medium, a computer program product, a storage device, a recording medium such as an optical disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or solid-state storage, or an article of manufacture that includes or tangibly embodies computer program 1136. The delivery mechanism can be a signal configured to reliably transmit computer program 1136. The device can propagate or transmit computer program 1136 as a computer data signal.
[0470] Computer program instructions are used to cause the device to perform at least the following operations or to perform at least the following operations:
[0471] This enables testing of at least one user equipment across multiple radio frames via the following operations:
[0472] For at least one candidate location in the current radio frame, determine whether to transmit one or more signals to at least one user equipment based at least in part on one or more probabilities associated with at least one candidate location in the current radio frame;
[0473] If, for at least one candidate location in the current radio frame, it is determined that one or more signals need to be transmitted to at least one user equipment, then one or more signals are transmitted to at least one user equipment using at least one candidate location in the current radio frame;
[0474] If, for at least one candidate location in the current radio frame, it is determined that one or more signals will not be transmitted to at least one user equipment, then it is determined whether a maximum number of transmission failures has occurred, wherein a transmission failure is determined to have occurred when it is determined that no signal is to be transmitted or to be transmitted in the current radio frame; and
[0475] If it is determined that the maximum number of transmission failures has occurred, one or more signals are transmitted to at least one user equipment using at least one candidate location in the current radio frame.
[0476] Computer program instructions can be included in a computer program, a non-transitory computer-readable medium, a computer program product, or a machine-readable medium. In some, but not all, examples, computer program instructions can be distributed across more than one computer program.
[0477] Although memory 1134 is shown as a single component / circuit, it can be implemented as one or more separate components / circuits, some or all of which may be integrated / removable and / or provide permanent / semi-permanent / dynamic / cached storage.
[0478] In the example, memory 1134 includes random access memory 1158 and read-only memory 1160. In the example, computer program 1136 may be stored in read-only memory 1158. See, for example, [link to example]. Figure 12B .
[0479] In some examples, memory 1134 can be divided into random access memory 1158 and read-only memory 1160.
[0480] Although processor 1132 is shown as a single component / circuit, it can be implemented as one or more separate components / circuits, some or all of which may be integrated / removable. Processor 1132 may be a single-core or multi-core processor.
[0481] References to “computer-readable storage medium,” “computer program product,” “tangible computer program,” or “controller,” “computer,” “processor,” etc., should be understood to encompass not only computers with different architectures such as single / multiple processor architectures and serial (von Neumann) / parallel architectures, but also special-purpose circuits such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), signal processing devices, and other processing circuits. References to computer programs, instructions, code, etc., should be understood to encompass software for programmable processors, or firmware that may include programmable content such as hardware devices that may include instructions for processors, or configuration settings for fixed-function devices, gate arrays, or programmable logic devices, etc.
[0482] As used in this application, the term "circuit" may refer to one or more of the following:
[0483] (a) Hardware circuit implementation only (such as implementation of analog and / or digital circuits only);
[0484] (b) A combination of hardware circuitry and software, such as (if applicable):
[0485] (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuitry with software / firmware; and
[0486] (ii) Any part of a hardware processor having software (including digital signal processors, software, and memory, which work together to enable a device such as a mobile phone or server to perform various functions); and
[0487] (c) Hardware circuitry and / or processors, such as microprocessors or parts thereof, which require software (e.g., firmware) to operate, but may not exist when operation does not require software.
[0488] This definition of "circuit" applies to all uses of the term in this application, including its use in any claim. As another example, as used in this application, the term "circuit" also covers only the implementation of hardware circuitry or processors and their accompanying software and / or firmware. The term "circuit" also covers (e.g., and if applicable, baseband integrated circuits for mobile devices, or similar integrated circuits in servers, cellular network devices, or other computing or networking devices).
[0489] Figure 2The boxes shown in 4 and / or 5 and / or 6 and / or 7 and / or 8 and / or 9 and / or 10 and / or 11 may represent steps in the method and / or code segments in computer program 1136. The illustration of a specific order of boxes does not imply a desired or preferred order for these boxes, but rather that the order and arrangement of the boxes may be varied. Furthermore, some boxes may be omitted.
[0490] Where a structural feature has been described, it can be replaced by a component for performing one or more functions of that structural feature, whether or not the function or these functions are described explicitly or implicitly.
[0491] Therefore, in this example, the device may include components for performing the following operations:
[0492] This enables testing of at least one user equipment across multiple radio frames via the following operations:
[0493] For at least one candidate location in the current radio frame, determine whether to transmit one or more signals to at least one user equipment based at least in part on one or more probabilities associated with at least one candidate location in the current radio frame;
[0494] If, for at least one candidate location in the current radio frame, it is determined that one or more signals need to be transmitted to at least one user equipment, then one or more signals are transmitted to at least one user equipment using at least one candidate location in the current radio frame;
[0495] If, for at least one candidate location in the current radio frame, it is determined that one or more signals will not be transmitted to at least one user equipment, then it is determined whether a maximum number of transmission failures has occurred, wherein a transmission failure is determined to have occurred when it is determined that no signal is to be transmitted or to be transmitted in the current radio frame; and
[0496] If it is determined that the maximum number of transmission failures has occurred, one or more signals are transmitted to at least one user equipment using at least one candidate location in the current radio frame.
[0497] In some examples, an apparatus may include components for performing one or more methods and / or at least a portion thereof as disclosed herein.
[0498] In some examples, an apparatus may be configured to perform one or more methods and / or at least a portion thereof as disclosed herein.
[0499] The above examples demonstrate its application as part of the testing process for the following devices and components:
[0500] Automotive systems; telecommunications systems; electronic systems, including consumer electronics; distributed computing systems; media systems for generating or rendering media content, including audio, visual, and audiovisual content, as well as mixed, mediated, virtual, and / or augmented reality; personal systems, including personal health systems or personal fitness systems; navigation systems; user interfaces, also known as human-machine interfaces; networks, including cellular, non-cellular, and optical networks; self-organizing networks; the Internet; the Internet of Things; virtualized networks; and related software and services.
[0501] The term “comprising” as used herein has an inclusive rather than exclusive meaning. That is, any statement “X includes Y” means that X may include only one Y or may include more than one Y. If the intention to use “comprising” with an exclusive meaning is to make it clear in the context by referring to “only one…” or using “consisting of…”.
[0502] Various examples have been referenced in this description. Descriptions of features or functions for an example indicate that those features or functions exist in that example. Whether explicitly stated or not, the use of the terms "example," "for example," "may," or "may" in the text indicates that such a feature or function exists at least in the described example, whether or not it is described as an example, and that such a feature or function may, but is not required to, exist in some or all other examples. Therefore, "example," "for example," "may," or "may" refers to a specific instance of a class of examples. The properties of an instance may be properties of that instance alone, properties of the class of instances, or properties of subclasses of the class that include some but not all instances of that class. Therefore, it is implicitly disclosed that features described for one example but not for another can be used in other examples as part of a working composition, but are not required to be used in other examples.
[0503] Although examples have been described with reference to various examples in the preceding paragraphs, it should be understood that modifications may be made to the given examples without departing from the scope of the claims.
[0504] The features described in the preceding description can be used in combinations other than those explicitly described above.
[0505] Although functions have been described with reference to certain features, these functions can be performed by other features, whether or not they are described.
[0506] Although features have been described with reference to some examples, these features may also exist in other examples, whether or not they are described.
[0507] The terms “one” or “the” as used herein have an inclusive rather than exclusive meaning. That is, any reference to “X includes one / one / the Y” indicates that “X may include only one Y” or “X may include more than one Y”, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. If the intention to use “one” or “the” with an exclusive meaning is to do so, it will be clearly stated in the context. In some cases, “at least one” or “one or more” may be used to emphasize an inclusive meaning, but the absence of these terms should not be construed as indicating any non-exclusivity.
[0508] The presence of a feature (or combination of features) in a claim is a reference to that feature (or combination of features) itself, and also a reference to a feature (equivalent feature) that achieves substantially the same technical effect. Equivalent features include, for example, features that are variations and achieve substantially the same result in substantially the same manner. Equivalent features include, for example, features that perform substantially the same function in substantially the same manner to achieve substantially the same result.
[0509] This description has referenced various examples using adjectives or adjective phrases to describe the characteristics of the examples. Such descriptions of the characteristics of the examples indicate that the characteristic exists exactly as described in some examples, and substantially as described in others.
[0510] Although the foregoing description attempts to point out those features considered important, it should be understood that an applicant may seek protection by means of the claims for any patentable features or combinations thereof shown herein with reference to the accompanying drawings and / or the drawings, whether or not they have been emphasized.
Claims
1. An apparatus comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory including instructions, the at least one memory and the instructions being configured, together with the at least one processor, to cause the device to perform at least the following: This enables testing of at least one user equipment on multiple radio frames by determining, at least in part, whether to send one or more signals to the at least one user equipment based on one or more probabilities associated with at least one candidate location in the current radio frame. If, for the at least one candidate location in the current radio frame, it is determined that one or more signals need to be transmitted to the at least one user equipment, then the at least one candidate location in the current radio frame is used to transmit the one or more signals to the at least one user equipment; If, for at least one candidate location in the current radio frame, it is determined that one or more signals will not be transmitted to the at least one user equipment, then it is determined whether a maximum number of transmission failures has occurred, wherein a transmission failure is determined to have occurred when it is determined that no signal is to be transmitted or to be transmitted in the current radio frame. as well as If it is determined that the maximum number of transmission failures has occurred, then the one or more signals are transmitted to the at least one user equipment using the at least one candidate location in the current radio frame.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, Determining whether to send the one or more signals to the at least one user equipment for the at least one candidate location in the current radio frame includes: determining whether to send the one or more signals to the at least one user equipment for the first candidate location in the current radio frame, based at least in part on the associated successful transmission probability.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, Determining whether to send the one or more signals to the at least one user equipment for the at least one candidate location in the current radio frame includes: determining whether to send the one or more signals to the at least one user equipment for multiple candidate locations in the current radio frame.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, Determining whether the maximum number of transmission failures has occurred includes: determining whether the number of consecutive transmission failures has reached a threshold and / or determining whether the number of transmission failures within a window of one or more previous frames has reached a threshold.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, Different candidate locations in the current radio frame have the same or different associated probabilities.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, Sending the one or more signals includes sending a synchronization signal block.
7. A method comprising: This enables testing of at least one user equipment on multiple radio frames by determining, at least in part, whether to send one or more signals to the at least one user equipment based on one or more probabilities associated with at least one candidate location in the current radio frame. If, for the at least one candidate location in the current radio frame, it is determined that one or more signals need to be transmitted to the at least one user equipment, then the at least one candidate location in the current radio frame is used to transmit the one or more signals to the at least one user equipment; If, for at least one candidate location in the current radio frame, it is determined that one or more signals will not be transmitted to the at least one user equipment, then it is determined whether a maximum number of transmission failures has occurred, wherein a transmission failure is determined to have occurred when it is determined that no signal is to be transmitted or to be transmitted in the current radio frame. as well as If it is determined that the maximum number of transmission failures has occurred, then the one or more signals are transmitted to the at least one user equipment using the at least one candidate location in the current radio frame.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein, Determining whether to send the one or more signals to the at least one user equipment for the at least one candidate location in the current radio frame includes: determining whether to send the one or more signals to the at least one user equipment for the first candidate location in the current radio frame, based at least in part on the associated successful transmission probability.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein, Determining whether to send the one or more signals to the at least one user equipment for the at least one candidate location in the current radio frame includes: determining whether to send the one or more signals to the at least one user equipment for multiple candidate locations in the current radio frame.
10. The method according to claim 7, wherein, Determining whether the maximum number of transmission failures has occurred includes: determining whether the number of consecutive transmission failures has reached a threshold and / or determining whether the number of transmission failures within a window of one or more previous frames has reached a threshold.
11. The method according to claim 7, wherein, Different candidate locations in the current radio frame have the same or different associated probabilities.
12. The method according to claim 7, wherein, Sending the one or more signals includes sending a synchronization signal block.
13. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions for causing a device to perform at least the following operations: This enables testing of at least one user equipment on multiple radio frames by determining, at least in part, whether to send one or more signals to the at least one user equipment based on one or more probabilities associated with at least one candidate location in the current radio frame. If, for the at least one candidate location in the current radio frame, it is determined that one or more signals need to be transmitted to the at least one user equipment, then the at least one candidate location in the current radio frame is used to transmit the one or more signals to the at least one user equipment; If, for at least one candidate location in the current radio frame, it is determined that one or more signals will not be transmitted to the at least one user equipment, then it is determined whether a maximum number of transmission failures has occurred, wherein a transmission failure is determined to have occurred when it is determined that no signal is to be transmitted or to be transmitted in the current radio frame. as well as If it is determined that the maximum number of transmission failures has occurred, then the one or more signals are transmitted to the at least one user equipment using the at least one candidate location in the current radio frame.
14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 13, wherein, The non-transitory computer-readable medium includes instructions for performing the following operations: determining whether to send the one or more signals to the at least one user equipment for the at least one candidate location in the current radio frame includes: determining whether to send the one or more signals to the at least one user equipment for a first candidate location in the current radio frame, based at least in part on an associated successful transmission probability.
15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 13, wherein, The non-transitory computer-readable medium includes instructions for performing the following operations: determining whether to send the one or more signals to the at least one user equipment for the at least one candidate location in the current radio frame, including: determining whether to send the one or more signals to the at least one user equipment for multiple candidate locations in the current radio frame.
16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 13, wherein, The non-transitory computer-readable medium includes instructions for performing the following operations: determining whether the maximum number of transmission failures has occurred includes: determining whether the number of consecutive transmission failures has reached a threshold and / or determining whether the number of transmission failures within a window of one or more previous frames has reached a threshold.
17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 13, wherein, Different candidate locations in the current radio frame have the same or different associated probabilities.
18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 13, wherein, Sending the one or more signals includes sending a synchronization signal block.
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