An ebullated bed reactor catalyst charging and removal system and method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of ebullated bed reactor catalyst adds and discharges system and method, using multi-channel plunger valve, realizes the related equipment, pipeline and pipeline related valve, pipe fitting such as catalyst metering tank, catalyst addition tank and catalyst cooling tank share;While saving equipment, it is simultaneously or respectively added or discharged to two or more than two reactors one time when starting, stopping, and simultaneously or respectively added or discharged to two or more than two reactors one or two or more than two catalysts in production process, and easy engineering implementation, high reliability, applicable to large-scale industrial device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fluidized bed hydrogenation technology, and particularly to a fluidized bed reactor catalyst addition and discharging system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Fluidized bed hydrotreating technology, characterized by uniform reactor temperature, long operating cycles, and flexible operation, is a crucial technology for processing high-sulfur, high-carbon, and high-metal heavy oils. Since 2000, to meet the needs of deep processing of inferior heavy crude oil and to increase economic benefits and market competitiveness during periods of high oil prices, fluidized bed hydrotreating technology has been widely praised by the domestic and international refining industries for its high conversion rate and operational stability. Because the catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor can be frequently replaced, it can process feedstocks with high metal and high carbon residues. Therefore, the process of replacing part of the catalyst in the reactor without affecting the normal operation of the unit is one of the key technologies to ensure the long-term stable operation of the unit. Designing a safe, reliable, and simple catalyst addition and discharging system is also an important component of fluidized bed hydrotreating technology.

[0003] CN102463078B describes a method for online catalyst addition using a liquid jet pump. This method requires a liquid jet pump and hot high-efficiency fractionated oil as the suction liquid. In actual industrial operation, the hot high-efficiency fractionated oil contains solid particles, and the liquid jet pump has a complex structure, including a suction chamber, throat section, and expansion section. In large-scale industrial plants requiring large-scale catalyst addition, the liquid jet pump is prone to clogging and malfunction. CN102309947A describes a method for adding catalyst to a reactor using gravity. In systems with multiple reactors and different catalysts, this method requires multiple catalyst storage tanks and catalyst addition tanks. In large-scale industrial plants, the throughput and catalyst addition volume are very large, and the reactors and containers are also large. Therefore, this method is difficult to implement and inconvenient to operate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention proposes a catalyst addition and removal system and method for a fluidized bed reactor. For a fluidized bed hydrogenation system with two or more fluidized bed hydrogenation reactors, each reactor is filled with the same or different catalysts, the system enables the simultaneous or separate addition or removal of one or more catalysts to two or more reactors at one time during start-up and shutdown, as well as the simultaneous or separate addition or removal of one or more catalysts to two or more reactors during the production process.

[0005] This invention discloses a catalyst feeding and discharging system for a fluidized bed reactor, characterized by comprising a catalyst storage tank, a hydrogenation reactor, a catalyst discharge tank, a catalyst cooling tank, a catalyst unloading hopper, a catalyst silo, a catalyst metering tank, a catalyst loading tank, a catalyst pneumatic conveying system, and a multi-channel plunger valve. The catalyst pneumatic conveying system is connected to at least one catalyst silo via the multi-channel plunger valve; the catalyst silo is connected to the catalyst metering tank via the multi-channel plunger valve; the catalyst metering tank is connected to the catalyst loading tank; the catalyst loading tank is connected to at least two fluidized bed hydrogenation reactors via the multi-channel plunger valve; the fluidized bed hydrogenation reactor is connected to a corresponding catalyst discharge tank; the catalyst discharge tank is connected to at least one catalyst storage tank and to a catalyst cooling tank; the catalyst storage tank is connected to the fluidized bed hydrogenation reactor; and the catalyst cooling tank is connected to at least one catalyst unloading hopper via the multi-channel plunger valve.

[0006] The present invention discloses a catalyst feeding and discharging system for a fluidized bed reactor, further characterized in that: the number of hydrogenation reactors is 2 to 10; the number of catalyst discharge tanks is the same as the number of hydrogenation reactors; the number of multi-channel plunger valve channels is 3 to 11; the number of catalyst storage tanks is 1 to 10; the number of catalyst silos is the same as the number of catalyst storage tanks; the number of catalyst unloading hoppers is the same as the number of catalyst storage tanks; and the number of catalyst types is the same as the number of catalyst storage tanks.

[0007] The present invention discloses a catalyst addition and discharge system for a fluidized bed reactor, further characterized in that: each catalyst discharge tank is connected to an adjacent catalyst discharge tank via a balance line.

[0008] This invention discloses a method for adding and removing catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor, applicable to systems with two or more reactors using the same catalyst, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0009] 1) The catalyst is added to the catalyst storage tank. When the reactor is started, the catalyst is discharged from the catalyst storage tank along with the liquid and added to each fluidized bed hydrogenation reactor.

[0010] 2) The replenished catalyst is transported to the catalyst silo via a catalyst pneumatic conveying system and weighed in the catalyst silo;

[0011] 3) After being weighed in the catalyst silo, the catalyst flows into the catalyst metering tank under gravity and is weighed again in the catalyst metering tank;

[0012] 4) The catalyst, after being weighed in the catalyst metering tank, flows into the catalyst addition tank under the action of gravity;

[0013] 5) The catalyst in the catalyst addition tank is delivered to each fluidized bed hydrogenation reactor through a multi-channel plunger valve under the combined action of pressure difference and delivery liquid.

[0014] 6) In the fluidized bed hydrogenation reactor, the spent catalyst enters the corresponding catalyst discharge tank under the action of pressure difference and gravity.

[0015] 7) During routine unloading during reactor operation, the spent catalyst from step 6) is discharged into the catalyst cooling tank and weighed under the combined action of pressure difference and conveying liquid;

[0016] 8) The waste catalyst, after being weighed in the catalyst cooling tank, flows into the catalyst discharge hopper under the action of gravity, is weighed in the catalyst discharge hopper and discharged.

[0017] 9) When the reactor is shut down and all the catalyst is unloaded, the waste catalyst from step 6) is discharged into the catalyst storage tank along with the transported liquid under the action of pressure difference. All the catalyst in the reactor is unloaded into the catalyst storage tank, and after settling and skimming in the catalyst storage tank, it is unloaded in one go.

[0018] The present invention discloses a method for adding and discharging catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor, characterized in that: the number of hydrogenation reactors is 2 to 10; the number of catalyst discharge tanks is the same as the number of hydrogenation reactors; and the number of multi-channel plunger valves is 3 to 11.

[0019] This invention discloses a method for adding and removing catalysts in a fluidized bed reactor, applicable to systems with two or more reactors using different catalysts, characterized by the following steps:

[0020] 1) Each catalyst is added to its corresponding catalyst storage tank. At start-up, each catalyst is discharged from the catalyst storage tank at once and added to the corresponding fluidized bed hydrogenation reactor along with the transported liquid.

[0021] 2) The replenished catalyst is transported to the corresponding catalyst silo via a catalyst pneumatic conveying system and weighed in the catalyst silo;

[0022] 3) The catalyst in the catalyst silo flows into the catalyst metering tank under gravity and is weighed again in the catalyst metering tank;

[0023] 4) The catalyst in the catalyst metering tank flows into the catalyst addition tank under the action of gravity;

[0024] 5) The catalyst in the catalyst addition tank is transported to the corresponding fluidized bed hydrogenation reactor through a multi-channel plunger valve under the combined action of pressure difference and transport liquid;

[0025] 6) Repeat steps 2) to 5) to replenish each type of catalyst to the corresponding fluidized bed hydrogenation reactor;

[0026] 7) The spent catalyst in the hydrogenation reactor enters the corresponding catalyst discharge tank under the action of pressure difference and gravity;

[0027] 8) During routine unloading during reactor operation, the spent catalyst from step 7) is discharged into the catalyst cooling tank and weighed under the combined action of pressure difference and conveying liquid;

[0028] 9) The spent catalyst from the catalyst cooling tank flows into the corresponding catalyst discharge hopper under the action of gravity, is weighed in the catalyst discharge hopper and discharged.

[0029] 10) Repeat steps 8) to 9) to complete the daily unloading of each catalyst during the operation process;

[0030] 11) When the reactor is shut down and all the catalyst is unloaded, the waste catalyst from step 7) is discharged into the corresponding catalyst storage tank along with the transported liquid under the action of pressure difference. All the catalyst in the reactor is unloaded into the corresponding catalyst storage tank, and after settling and skimming in the catalyst storage tank, it is unloaded in one go.

[0031] The present invention discloses a method for adding and discharging catalysts in a fluidized bed reactor, characterized in that: the number of hydrogenation reactors is 2 to 10; the number of catalyst discharge tanks is the same as the number of hydrogenation reactors; the number of multi-channel plunger valves is 3 to 11; the number of catalyst types is 2 to 10; the number of catalyst storage tanks is the same as the number of catalyst types; the number of catalyst silos is the same as the number of catalyst storage tanks; and the number of catalyst unloading hoppers is the same as the number of catalyst storage tanks.

[0032] The present invention discloses a method for adding and discharging catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor, characterized in that: the weight of catalyst flowing into the catalyst metering tank in step 3) is 5 to 20 tons.

[0033] The present invention discloses a method for adding and discharging catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor, characterized in that: when the amount of waste catalyst in the catalyst discharge hopper reaches 50 to 300 tons, it is weighed and discharged.

[0034] The present invention discloses a method for adding and discharging catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor, characterized in that: the liquid medium overflowing from the catalyst discharge tank flows into an adjacent catalyst discharge tank through the equilibrium line.

[0035] The present invention discloses a method for adding and discharging catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor, characterized in that the operating pressure range of the catalyst discharge tank and the catalyst addition tank is 0-30 MPa.

[0036] The present invention discloses a method for adding and discharging catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor, characterized in that the conveying liquid is diesel oil or wax oil.

[0037] This invention can achieve automatic and continuous operation of catalyst addition and discharging through program settings.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0039] 1) The use of multi-channel plunger valves can enable the sharing of related equipment, pipelines and related valves and fittings such as catalyst metering tanks, catalyst addition tanks and catalyst cooling tanks. Different types of catalysts can be added to different reactors without cross-contamination between catalysts, saving investment and making operation simple and easy.

[0040] 2) By setting a balance line between each catalyst discharge tank and the adjacent catalyst discharge tank, the liquid overflowing from the catalyst discharge tank enters the adjacent catalyst discharge tank through the balance line, which avoids the excessive volume of a single catalyst discharge tank and can effectively separate the liquid and the discharged catalyst.

[0041] 3) This invention, while saving on the number of related equipment, can simultaneously or separately add or discharge one or more catalysts to two or more reactors at one time when the fluidized bed reactor is started or stopped, and simultaneously or separately add or discharge one or more catalysts to two or more reactors during the production process. It is easy to implement in engineering, has high reliability, and is suitable for large-scale industrial plants.

[0042] 4) This system can achieve automatic and continuous operation of catalyst addition and discharge through program settings, saving time and manpower. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the feed and discharge system when the two fluidized bed reactors of this invention use the same catalyst.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the feed and discharge system when two different catalysts are used in the two fluidized bed reactors of this invention;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the feed and discharge system when three different catalysts are used in the three fluidized bed reactors of this invention;

[0046] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagrams: 1. Inlet 1; 2. Inlet 2; 3. Primary catalyst storage tank; 4. Secondary catalyst storage tank; 5. First hydrogenation reactor; 6. Secondary hydrogenation reactor; 7. Primary catalyst discharge tank; 8. Secondary catalyst discharge tank; 9. Catalyst cooling tank; 10. Primary catalyst unloading hopper; 11. Secondary catalyst unloading hopper; 12. Primary catalyst silo; 13. Secondary catalyst silo; 14. Catalyst metering tank; 15. Catalyst inlet tank; 16. Catalyst pneumatic conveying system; 17. Three-channel plunger valve 1; 18. Three-channel plunger valve 2; 19. Three-channel plunger valve 3; 20. Three-channel plunger valve 4; 21. Storage tank outlet. 1; 22. Tank discharge outlet 2; 23. Hopper discharge outlet 1; 24. Hopper discharge outlet 2; 25. Inlet 3; 26. Three-stage reaction catalyst storage tank; 27. Third hydrogenation reactor; 28. Three-stage reaction catalyst discharge tank; 29. ​​Three-stage reaction catalyst discharge hopper; 30. Three-stage reaction catalyst silo; 31. Tank discharge outlet 3; 32. Hopper discharge outlet 3; 33. Inlet 4; 34. Single catalyst storage tank; 35. Single catalyst discharge hopper; 36. Single catalyst silo; 37. Tank discharge outlet 4; 38. Hopper discharge outlet 4; 39. Four-channel plunger valve 1; 40. Four-channel plunger valve 2; 41. Four-channel plunger valve 3; 42. Four-channel plunger valve 4. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0048] Example 1

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, a fluidized bed reactor catalyst addition and discharge system includes a single catalyst storage tank 34, a first hydrogenation reactor 5, a second hydrogenation reactor 6, a first-stage catalyst discharge tank 7, a second-stage catalyst discharge tank 8, a single catalyst silo 36, a single catalyst unloading hopper 35, a catalyst metering tank 14, a catalyst addition tank 15, a catalyst cooling tank 9, a catalyst pneumatic conveying system 16, and a three-channel plunger valve 19. A balance line is set between the first-stage catalyst discharge tank 7 and the second-stage catalyst discharge tank 8. The conveying liquid is diesel oil. Catalyst A is added to the single catalyst storage tank 34 in one go through the inlet 33. The catalyst A in the single catalyst storage tank 34 is wetted by the conveying liquid and flows into the first hydrogenation reactor 5 and the second hydrogenation reactor 6 under the action of the conveying liquid.

[0050] As the chemical reaction proceeds in the first hydrogenation reactor 5, the resulting spent catalyst A flows into the primary catalyst discharge tank 7 under the influence of pressure differential and gravity. With the inflow of spent catalyst A and the liquid within the reactor, some liquid overflows from the equilibrium line of the primary catalyst discharge tank 7 and flows into the secondary catalyst discharge tank 8. When the reactor is shut down and all catalyst is discharged, spent catalyst A is discharged into the single catalyst storage tank 34 under the influence of pressure differential and the transported liquid. When the single catalyst storage tank 34 is full of spent catalyst A or all spent catalyst A from the first hydrogenation reactor 5 is discharged, the spent catalyst A settles and is skimmed off in the single catalyst storage tank 34 before being discharged all at once from the tank outlet 37.

[0051] As the chemical reaction proceeds in the second hydrogenation reactor 6, the resulting spent catalyst A flows into the second-stage catalyst discharge tank 8 under the influence of pressure difference and gravity. With the inflow of spent catalyst A and the liquid within the reactor, some liquid overflows from the equilibrium line of the second-stage catalyst discharge tank 8 and flows into the first-stage catalyst discharge tank 7. When the reactor is shut down and all catalyst is discharged, spent catalyst A is discharged into the single-catalyst storage tank 34 under the influence of pressure difference and the transported liquid. When the single-catalyst storage tank 34 is full of spent catalyst A or all spent catalyst A from the second hydrogenation reactor 6 is discharged, the spent catalyst A settles and is skimmed off in the single-catalyst storage tank 34 before being discharged all at once from the tank outlet 37.

[0052] Catalyst A is conveyed to a single catalyst silo 36 via a catalyst pneumatic conveying system 16, where it is weighed. Part or all of the catalyst A in the single catalyst silo 36 flows into a catalyst metering tank 14 under gravity, where it is weighed again. The weighed catalyst A in the catalyst metering tank 14 then flows into a catalyst addition tank 15 under gravity. The catalyst A in the catalyst addition tank 15 is conveyed to the first hydrogenation reactor 5 and the second reactor under the combined action of pressure difference and the conveying liquid. At this time, by controlling the three-channel plunger valve 19 to open the side channel of the first hydrogenation reactor 5 and close the side channel of the second hydrogenation reactor 6, catalyst can be added to the first hydrogenation reactor 5 alone; by controlling the three-channel plunger valve 19 to open the side channel of the second hydrogenation reactor 6 and close the side channel of the first hydrogenation reactor 5, catalyst can be added to the second hydrogenation reactor 6 alone; by controlling the three-channel plunger valve 19 to open the side channel of the second hydrogenation reactor 6 and open the side channel of the first hydrogenation reactor 5, catalyst can be added to both the first hydrogenation reactor 5 and the second hydrogenation reactor 6 simultaneously.

[0053] During routine unloading in reactor operation, the waste catalyst A in the catalyst discharge tank 7 is discharged into the catalyst cooling tank 9 under the combined action of differential pressure and the conveying liquid and weighed. After cooling, the waste catalyst A is discharged into the single catalyst discharge hopper 35 under gravity and weighed again. The weighed catalyst is finally discharged from the discharge outlet 4 38 of the discharge hopper. The above operation can be repeated.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] like Figure 2 As shown, a fluidized bed reactor catalyst feeding and discharging system includes a primary catalyst storage tank 3, a first hydrogenation reactor 5, a primary catalyst discharge tank 7, a primary catalyst silo 12, a primary catalyst unloading hopper 10, a secondary catalyst storage tank 4, a second hydrogenation reactor 6, a secondary catalyst discharge tank 8, a secondary catalyst silo 13, a secondary catalyst unloading hopper 11, a catalyst metering tank 14, a catalyst feeding tank 15, a catalyst cooling tank 9, a catalyst pneumatic conveying system 16, a three-channel plunger valve 17, a three-channel plunger valve 28, a three-channel plunger valve 39, and a three-channel plunger valve 40. A balance line is set between the primary catalyst discharge tank 7 and the secondary catalyst discharge tank 8. The conveying liquid is wax oil. When the first hydrogenation reactor 5 starts up, the catalyst A required is added to the primary catalyst storage tank 3 in one go through the inlet 1. The catalyst A in the primary catalyst storage tank 3 is wetted by the conveying liquid and flows into the first hydrogenation reactor 5 under the action of the conveying liquid. When the second hydrogenation reactor 6 is started, the catalyst B required is added to the second reactor catalyst storage tank 4 in one go through the inlet 2. The catalyst B in the second reactor catalyst storage tank 4 is wetted by the conveying liquid and flows into the second hydrogenation reactor 6 under the action of the conveying liquid.

[0056] As the chemical reaction proceeds in the first hydrogenation reactor 5, the resulting spent catalyst A flows into the primary catalyst discharge tank 7 under the influence of pressure difference and gravity. With the inflow of spent catalyst A and the liquid within the reactor, some liquid overflows from the equilibrium line of the primary catalyst discharge tank 7 and flows into the secondary catalyst discharge tank 8. When the reactor is shut down and all catalyst is discharged, spent catalyst A is discharged into the primary catalyst storage tank 3 along with the transported liquid under the influence of pressure difference and the transported liquid. When the primary catalyst storage tank 3 is full of spent catalyst A, or when all spent catalyst A in the first hydrogenation reactor 5 has been discharged, the spent catalyst A settles and is skimmed off in the primary catalyst storage tank 3 before being discharged all at once from the tank outlet -21.

[0057] As the chemical reaction proceeds in the second hydrogenation reactor 6, the resulting spent catalyst B flows into the secondary catalyst discharge tank 8 under the influence of pressure difference and gravity. With the inflow of spent catalyst B and liquid from the reactor, some liquid overflows from the equilibrium line of the secondary catalyst discharge tank 8 and flows into the primary catalyst discharge tank 7. When the reactor is shut down and all catalyst is discharged, spent catalyst B is discharged into the secondary catalyst storage tank 4 under the influence of pressure difference and the transported liquid. When the secondary catalyst storage tank 4 is full of spent catalyst B or all spent catalyst B from the second hydrogenation reactor 6 is discharged, the spent catalyst B settles and is skimmed off in the secondary catalyst storage tank 4 before being discharged all at once from the tank outlet 22.

[0058] Operate the three-channel plunger valve 17 to open the side channel of the first-stage catalyst silo 12, and simultaneously close the side channel of the second-stage catalyst silo 13. At this time, catalyst A is transported to the first-stage catalyst silo 12 through the catalyst pneumatic conveying system 16 and weighed in the first-stage catalyst silo 12. Then, open the three-channel plunger valve 18 to open the side channel of the first-stage catalyst silo 12. Some or all of the catalyst A in the first-stage catalyst silo 12 flows into the catalyst metering tank 14 under gravity and is weighed again in the catalyst metering tank 14. The weighed catalyst A in the catalyst metering tank 14 flows into the catalyst addition tank 15 under gravity. The catalyst A in the catalyst addition tank 15 is transported to the first hydrogenation reactor 5 under the combined action of pressure difference and conveying liquid. At this time, the three-channel plunger valve 19 opens the side channel of the first hydrogenation reactor 5 and closes the side channel of the second hydrogenation reactor 6.

[0059] Operate the three-channel plunger valve 17 to open the side channel of the secondary catalyst silo 13, while simultaneously closing the side channel of the primary catalyst silo 12. At this time, catalyst B is transported to the secondary catalyst silo 13 via the catalyst pneumatic conveying system 16 and weighed in the secondary catalyst silo 13. Then, open the three-channel plunger valve 18 to open the side channel of the secondary catalyst silo 13. Some or all of the catalyst B in the secondary catalyst silo 13 flows into the catalyst metering tank 14 under gravity and is weighed again in the catalyst metering tank 14. The weighed catalyst B in the catalyst metering tank 14 then flows into the catalyst addition tank 15 under gravity. The catalyst B in the catalyst addition tank 15 is transported to the second hydrogenation reactor 6 under the combined action of pressure difference and the transport liquid. At this time, the three-channel plunger valve 19 opens the side channel of the second hydrogenation reactor 6 and closes the side channel of the first hydrogenation reactor 5.

[0060] During routine unloading in reactor operation, waste catalyst A is discharged from the primary catalyst discharge tank 7 under the combined action of pressure difference and conveying liquid. It is discharged into the catalyst cooling tank 9 along with the conveying liquid and weighed. The three-channel plunger valve 20 is opened on the side channel of the primary catalyst discharge hopper 10, while the side channel of the secondary catalyst discharge hopper 11 is closed. The cooled waste catalyst A is discharged into the primary catalyst discharge hopper 10 under gravity and weighed again. The weighed catalyst is finally discharged from the discharge outlet 23 of the discharge hopper. The above operation can be repeated.

[0061] During routine unloading in reactor operation, spent catalyst B is discharged from the secondary catalyst discharge tank 8 under the combined action of pressure difference and conveying liquid. It is then discharged into the catalyst cooling tank 9 along with the conveying liquid and weighed. The three-channel plunger valve 20 is opened on the side channel of the secondary catalyst discharge hopper 11, while the side channel of the primary catalyst discharge hopper 10 is closed. The cooled spent catalyst B is discharged into the secondary catalyst discharge hopper 11 under gravity and weighed again. The weighed catalyst is finally discharged from the discharge outlet 24 of the discharge hopper. The above operation can be repeated.

[0062] Example 3

[0063] like Figure 3As shown, a fluidized bed reactor catalyst addition and discharge system includes a primary catalyst storage tank 3, a first hydrogenation reactor 5, a primary catalyst discharge tank 7, a primary catalyst silo 12, a primary catalyst unloading hopper 10, a secondary catalyst storage tank 4, a second hydrogenation reactor 6, a secondary catalyst discharge tank 8, a secondary catalyst silo 13, a secondary catalyst unloading hopper 11, a tertiary catalyst storage tank 26, a third hydrogenation reactor 27, a tertiary catalyst discharge tank 28, a tertiary catalyst silo 30, a tertiary catalyst unloading hopper 29, a catalyst metering tank 14, a catalyst addition tank 15, a catalyst cooling tank 9, a catalyst pneumatic conveying system 16, a four-channel plunger valve 39, a four-channel plunger valve 40, a four-channel plunger valve 41, and a four-channel plunger valve 42. A balance line is set between the primary catalyst discharge tank 7 and the secondary catalyst discharge tank 8, and a balance line is set between the secondary catalyst discharge tank 8 and the tertiary catalyst discharge tank 28. The conveying liquid is diesel oil. When the first hydrogenation reactor 5 starts up, catalyst A is added in one go to the primary catalyst storage tank 3 through inlet 1. Catalyst A in the primary catalyst storage tank 3 is wetted by the conveying liquid and flows into the first hydrogenation reactor 5 under the action of the conveying liquid. When the second hydrogenation reactor 6 starts up, catalyst B is added in one go to the secondary catalyst storage tank 4 through inlet 2. Catalyst B in the secondary catalyst storage tank 4 is wetted by the conveying liquid and flows into the second hydrogenation reactor 6 under the action of the conveying liquid. When the third hydrogenation reactor 27 starts up, catalyst C is added in one go to the tertiary catalyst storage tank 26 through inlet 25. Catalyst C in the tertiary catalyst storage tank 26 is wetted by the conveying liquid and flows into the third hydrogenation reactor 27 under the action of the conveying liquid.

[0064] As the chemical reaction proceeds in the first hydrogenation reactor 5, the resulting spent catalyst A flows into the primary catalyst discharge tank 7 under the influence of pressure difference and gravity. With the inflow of spent catalyst A and the liquid within the reactor, some of the liquid overflows from the equilibrium line of the primary catalyst discharge tank 7 and flows into the secondary catalyst discharge tank 8. When the reactor is shut down and all catalyst is discharged, spent catalyst A is discharged into the primary catalyst storage tank 3 along with the transported liquid under the influence of pressure difference and the transported liquid. When the primary catalyst storage tank 3 is full of spent catalyst A, or when all spent catalyst A from the first hydrogenation reactor 5 has been discharged, the spent catalyst A settles and is skimmed off in the primary catalyst storage tank 3 before being discharged all at once from the tank outlet -21.

[0065] As the chemical reaction proceeds in the second hydrogenation reactor 6, the resulting spent catalyst B flows into the second-stage catalyst discharge tank 8 under the influence of pressure difference and gravity. With the inflow of spent catalyst B and the liquid from the reactor, some of the liquid overflows from the equilibrium line of the second-stage catalyst discharge tank 8 and flows into the first-stage catalyst discharge tank 7 and the third-stage catalyst discharge tank 28. When the reactor is shut down and all catalyst is discharged, spent catalyst B is discharged into the second-stage catalyst storage tank 4 under the influence of pressure difference and the transported liquid. When the second-stage catalyst storage tank 4 is full of spent catalyst B, or when all spent catalyst B from the second hydrogenation reactor 6 has been discharged, the spent catalyst B settles and is skimmed off in the second-stage catalyst storage tank 4 before being discharged all at once from the tank outlet 22.

[0066] As the chemical reaction proceeds in the third hydrogenation reactor 27, the generated spent catalyst C flows into the three-stage catalyst discharge tank 28 under the action of pressure difference and gravity flow. With the inflow of spent catalyst C and liquid in the reactor, some liquid overflows from the equilibrium line port of the three-stage catalyst discharge tank 28 and flows into the second-stage catalyst discharge tank 8. When the reactor is shut down and all catalyst is discharged, the spent catalyst C is discharged into the three-stage catalyst storage tank 26 under the action of pressure difference and transport liquid. When the three-stage catalyst storage tank 26 is full of spent catalyst C or all spent catalyst C in the third hydrogenation reactor 27 is discharged, the spent catalyst C settles and is skimmed off in the three-stage catalyst storage tank 26 and is discharged in one go from the tank discharge outlet 31.

[0067] Operate the four-channel plunger valve 39 to open the side channel of the first-reaction catalyst silo 12, while simultaneously closing the side channels of the second-reaction catalyst silo 13 and the third-reaction catalyst silo 30. At this time, catalyst A is transported to the first-reaction catalyst silo 12 through the catalyst pneumatic conveying system 16 and weighed in the first-reaction catalyst silo 12. Then, open the four-channel plunger valve 40 to open the side channel of the first-reaction catalyst silo 12. Some or all of the catalyst A in the first-reaction catalyst silo 12 flows into the catalyst metering tank 14 under gravity and is weighed again in the catalyst metering tank 14. The weighed catalyst A in the catalyst metering tank 14 flows into the catalyst addition tank 15 under gravity. The catalyst A in the catalyst addition tank 15 is transported to the first hydrogenation reactor 5 under the combined action of pressure difference and the conveying liquid. At this time, the four-channel plunger valve 41 to open the side channel of the first hydrogenation reactor 5, while closing the side channels of the second hydrogenation reactor 6 and the third hydrogenation reactor 27.

[0068] Operate the four-channel plunger valve 39 to open the side channel of the second-stage catalyst silo 13, while simultaneously closing the side channels of the first-stage catalyst silo 12 and the third-stage catalyst silo 30. At this time, catalyst B is transported to the second-stage catalyst silo 13 via the catalyst pneumatic conveying system 16 and weighed in the second-stage catalyst silo 13. Then, open the four-channel plunger valve 40 to open the side channel of the second-stage catalyst silo 13. Some or all of the catalyst B in the second-stage catalyst silo 13 flows into the catalyst metering tank 14 under gravity and is weighed again in the catalyst metering tank 14. The weighed catalyst B in the catalyst metering tank 14 flows into the catalyst addition tank 15 under gravity. The catalyst B in the catalyst addition tank 15 is transported to the second hydrogenation reactor 6 under the combined action of pressure difference and the conveying liquid. At this time, the four-channel plunger valve 41 to open the side channel of the second hydrogenation reactor 6, while closing the side channels of the first hydrogenation reactor 5 and the third hydrogenation reactor 27.

[0069] Operate the four-channel plunger valve 39 to open the side channel of the three-stage reaction catalyst silo 30, while simultaneously closing the side channels of the first-stage reaction catalyst silo 12 and the second-stage reaction catalyst silo 13. At this time, catalyst C is transported to the three-stage reaction catalyst silo 30 via the catalyst pneumatic conveying system 16 and weighed in the three-stage reaction catalyst silo 30. Then, open the four-channel plunger valve 40 to open the side channel of the three-stage reaction catalyst silo 30. Some or all of the catalyst C in the three-stage reaction catalyst silo 30 flows into the catalyst metering tank 14 under gravity and is weighed again in the catalyst metering tank 14. The weighed catalyst C in the catalyst metering tank 14 flows into the catalyst addition tank 15 under gravity. The catalyst C in the catalyst addition tank 15 is transported to the third hydrogenation reactor 27 under the combined action of pressure difference and the transport liquid. At this time, the four-channel plunger valve 41 opens the side channel of the third hydrogenation reactor 27, while the side channels of the first hydrogenation reactor 5 and the second hydrogenation reactor 6 are closed.

[0070] During routine unloading in reactor operation, spent catalyst A is discharged from the catalyst outlet of the primary reactor catalyst discharge tank 7 under the combined action of pressure difference and conveying liquid. It is discharged into the catalyst cooling tank 9 along with the conveying liquid and weighed. The four-channel plunger valve 42 is opened on the side channel of the primary reactor catalyst discharge hopper 10, while the side channels of the secondary reactor catalyst discharge hopper 11 and the tertiary reactor catalyst discharge hopper 29 are closed. The cooled spent catalyst A is discharged into the primary reactor catalyst discharge hopper 10 under gravity and weighed again. The weighed catalyst is finally discharged from the discharge outlet 23 of the discharge hopper. The above operation can be repeated.

[0071] During routine unloading in reactor operation, spent catalyst B is discharged from the catalyst outlet of the second-stage catalyst discharge tank 8 under the combined action of pressure difference and conveying liquid. It is discharged into the catalyst cooling tank 9 along with the conveying liquid and weighed. The four-channel plunger valve 42 on the side channel of the second-stage catalyst discharge hopper 11 is opened, while the side channels of the first-stage catalyst discharge hopper 10 and the third-stage catalyst discharge hopper 29 are closed. The cooled spent catalyst B is discharged into the second-stage catalyst discharge hopper 11 under gravity and weighed again. The weighed catalyst is finally discharged from the discharge outlet 24 of the discharge hopper. The above operation can be repeated.

[0072] During routine unloading in reactor operation, spent catalyst C is discharged from the catalyst outlet of the three-stage reaction catalyst discharge tank 28 under the combined action of pressure difference and conveying liquid. It is discharged into the catalyst cooling tank 9 along with the conveying liquid and weighed. The four-channel plunger valve 42 is opened on the side channel of the three-stage reaction catalyst discharge hopper 29, while the side channels of the first-stage reaction catalyst discharge hopper 10 and the second-stage reaction catalyst discharge hopper 11 are closed. The cooled spent catalyst C is discharged into the three-stage reaction catalyst discharge hopper 29 under gravity and weighed again. The weighed catalyst is finally discharged from the discharge outlet 32 ​​of the discharge hopper. The above operation can be repeated.

[0073] The above are merely typical embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make appropriate modifications and improvements based on them, but they are substantially the same as the present invention and also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for adding and removing catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor, applicable to a system with two or more hydrogenation reactors using different catalysts, characterized in that... The system includes a catalyst storage tank, a hydrogenation reactor, a catalyst discharge tank, a catalyst cooling tank, a catalyst unloading hopper, a catalyst silo, a catalyst metering tank, a catalyst loading tank, a catalyst pneumatic conveying system, and a multi-channel plunger valve. The catalyst pneumatic conveying system is connected to at least two catalyst silos via the multi-channel plunger valve. The catalyst silos are connected to the catalyst metering tank via the multi-channel plunger valve. The catalyst metering tank is connected to the catalyst loading tank. The catalyst loading tank is connected to at least two hydrogenation reactors via the multi-channel plunger valve. The hydrogenation reactors are connected to their corresponding catalyst discharge tanks. The catalyst discharge tanks are connected to their corresponding catalyst storage tanks and to the catalyst cooling tank. The catalyst storage tank is connected to the hydrogenation reactor. The catalyst cooling tank is connected to at least two catalyst unloading hoppers via the multi-channel plunger valve. Each catalyst discharge tank is connected to an adjacent catalyst discharge tank via a balance line. The loading and unloading method includes the following steps: 1) Each catalyst is added to its corresponding catalyst storage tank. At start-up, each catalyst is discharged from the catalyst storage tank at once and added to the corresponding fluidized bed hydrogenation reactor along with the transported liquid. 2) The replenished catalyst is transported to the corresponding catalyst silo via a catalyst pneumatic conveying system and weighed in the catalyst silo; 3) The catalyst in the catalyst silo flows into the catalyst metering tank under gravity and is weighed again in the catalyst metering tank; 4) The catalyst in the catalyst metering tank flows into the catalyst addition tank under the action of gravity; 5) The catalyst added to the tank is transported to the corresponding fluidized bed hydrogenation reactor through a multi-channel plunger valve under the combined action of pressure difference and transport liquid; 6) Repeat steps 2) to 5) to replenish each type of catalyst to the corresponding fluidized bed hydrogenation reactor; 7) The spent catalyst in the hydrogenation reactor enters the corresponding catalyst discharge tank under the action of pressure difference and gravity; 8) During routine unloading during reactor operation, the spent catalyst from step 7) is discharged into the catalyst cooling tank and weighed under the combined action of pressure difference and conveying liquid; 9) The spent catalyst in the catalyst cooling tank flows into the corresponding catalyst discharge hopper under the action of gravity, is weighed in the catalyst discharge hopper and discharged; 10) Repeat steps 8) to 9) to complete the daily unloading of each catalyst during the operation process; 11) When the reactor is shut down and all the catalyst is unloaded, the waste catalyst from step 7) is discharged into the corresponding catalyst storage tank along with the transported liquid under the action of pressure difference. All the catalyst in the reactor is unloaded into the corresponding catalyst storage tank, and after settling and skimming in the catalyst storage tank, it is unloaded in one go.

2. The method for adding and discharging catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of hydrogenation reactors is 2 to 10; the number of catalyst discharge tanks is the same as the number of hydrogenation reactors; the number of multi-channel plunger valve channels is 3 to 11; the number of catalyst types is 2 to 10; the number of catalyst storage tanks is the same as the number of catalyst types; the number of catalyst silos is the same as the number of catalyst storage tanks; and the number of catalyst unloading hoppers is the same as the number of catalyst storage tanks.

3. The method for adding and discharging catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3), the weight of catalyst flowing into the catalyst metering tank is 5 to 20 tons.

4. The method for adding and discharging catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the amount of waste catalyst in the catalyst unloading hopper reaches 50 to 300 tons, it is weighed and unloaded.

5. The method for adding and discharging catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Liquid medium overflowing from the catalyst discharge tank flows into the adjacent catalyst discharge tank through the balance line.

6. The method for adding and discharging catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operating pressure range of the catalyst discharge tank and catalyst addition tank is 0–30 MPa.

7. The method for adding and discharging catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid being transported is diesel or wax oil.

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