A safety valve combination device and method for safe relief of high pressure hydrogen gas

Abstract

The application discloses a safety valve combination device and method for safe discharge of high-pressure hydrogen, and the device comprises a safety valve body, and is characterized in that the device further comprises, in sequence along a discharge gas flow path, a heat dissipation discharge pipe, a heat dissipation dilution device, a mixed heat dissipation pipe and a discharge funnel, wherein the heat dissipation discharge pipe is used for performing primary heat dissipation on high-pressure high-temperature combustible gas discharged from the safety valve body; the heat dissipation dilution device is used for mixing high-concentration combustible gas discharged through the heat dissipation discharge pipe with gas absorbed from the outside and filtered, so as to reduce the concentration of the combustible gas; the mixed heat dissipation pipe is used for further fully mixing the dilution layering combustible gas discharged through the heat dissipation dilution device, so as to obtain combustible gas reaching a safe discharge condition, and finally, the combustible gas is discharged into the atmosphere through the discharge funnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of safety relief equipment, specifically relating to a safety valve assembly and method for high-pressure hydrogen safety relief installed on a natural gas pipeline. Background Technology

[0002] Safety valves are important accessories on special equipment (boilers, pressure vessels, pressure pipelines, etc.) that limit and relieve pressure to provide safety protection. Safety valves are generally installed directly on special equipment, and their design, manufacture, installation, use, and inspection must comply with the relevant regulations for special equipment. This is because their reliability and performance directly affect the safety of equipment and personnel, and are closely related to energy conservation and environmental protection.

[0003] A safety valve is a special valve that is normally closed under external force. When the pressure of the medium in the equipment or pipeline rises above a specified value, it releases the medium to the outside of the system to prevent the pressure from exceeding the specified value. Safety valves are mainly used in boilers, pressure vessels, and gas pipelines, playing a vital role in protecting personal safety and equipment operation. Safety valves are generally classified by structure into spring-loaded safety valves, lever-type safety valves, and pulse-type safety valves, with spring-loaded safety valves being the most widely used.

[0004] The technical parameters of a safety valve include nominal pressure, set pressure, and discharge pressure. The set pressure, which is the inlet pressure at which the valve disc begins to rise under operating conditions, is a crucial indicator for distinguishing between high-pressure and low-pressure safety valves. Currently, most low- and medium-pressure safety valves on the market directly vent exhaust gas during discharge; these are open safety valves, with their valve chamber directly connected to the atmosphere. This helps reduce the gas temperature and is mainly suitable for containers containing steam or high-temperature gases that do not pollute the atmosphere. However, in high-pressure flammable gas pipelines, during stable discharge, the high-pressure flammable gas continuously rubs against the valve disc and the inner wall of the valve chamber. If direct discharge is chosen, the high-temperature flammable gas is directly exposed to the atmosphere without any measures to reduce the gas temperature, which can easily mix with air and cause deflagration or explosion. Therefore, the proper discharge of high-pressure flammable gas under these conditions needs to be considered in stages.

[0005] Currently, my country has almost no patents related to high-pressure safety valves. The patents that can be associated with this direction are: patents CN202022895572.4 and CN202022365078.7, "An Ultra-High Pressure Safety Valve", which disclose a small ultra-high pressure safety valve. It is suitable for liquid media and does not need to consider the influence of high pressure on temperature. At the same time, this type of safety valve has many limitations in terms of size. It strictly limits the size of the inlet while increasing the set pressure within a small range, and does not increase the set pressure through mechanical structure.

[0006] Furthermore, during the stable release of high-pressure media, the high-pressure media continuously rubs against the valve disc and valve cavity wall, causing a rapid increase in temperature. If effective measures are not taken to cool the media and reduce its concentration after it comes into contact with the atmosphere through the discharge pipe, a deflagration or explosion accident is highly likely. High-pressure combustible gas safety valves differ from low-pressure ordinary medium safety valves in that they require both a direct discharge pipe and multiple heat dissipation and mixing devices to ensure safe and stable release.

[0007] Patents applicable to heat dissipation and mixing devices in safety valve equipment are scarce. Some relevant references include: CN202123209901.6, "A Safety Valve Heat Dissipation Device and a Safety Valve Using the Heat Dissipation Device," which discloses a safety valve with a heat dissipation block and heat dissipation holes added at the connection between the valve cavity and the spring cavity; and CN201721042903.1, "A High-Temperature Safety Valve," which discloses a high-temperature safety valve with a cooling water coil installed between the valve cover and the valve body, maintaining a certain gap, etc. These improved safety valves all achieve reasonable heat dissipation by adding heat dissipation devices inside the valve body. However, in actual production and use, there are very few patents published for safety valves and related devices that comprehensively consider heat dissipation and premixing issues. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes a safety valve combination device for the safe release of high-pressure hydrogen. This device avoids the risk of deflagration and explosion after the direct release of high-pressure, high-temperature combustible gas, greatly improves the safety factor of the safety valve during stable discharge under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, and increases the operating conditions of safety valves with the same structure.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A safety valve assembly for the safe release of high-pressure hydrogen includes a safety valve body, and further includes, sequentially connected along the flow path of the released gas: a heat dissipation discharge pipe, a heat dissipation dilution device, a mixing heat dissipation pipe, and a discharge funnel. The heat dissipation pipe is used for primary heat dissipation of the high-pressure, high-temperature combustible gas discharged from the body of the safety valve. The heat dissipation mixing and dilution device reduces the concentration of combustible gas by mixing the gas absorbed and filtered from the outside with the high-concentration combustible gas discharged through the heat dissipation exhaust pipe. The mixing heat dissipation pipe is used to further and fully mix the diluted and stratified combustible gas discharged from the heat dissipation mixing device to obtain combustible gas that meets the safe emission conditions, and finally discharge it into the atmosphere through the emission funnel.

[0010] Furthermore, the heat dissipation pipe includes a straight cylindrical tube body, one end of which is connected to the safety valve body via a threaded or flanged connector, and the other end is sealed to the air inlet of the heat dissipation dilution device. The outer wall of the straight cylindrical tube body is provided with sunflower-shaped heat dissipation fins.

[0011] Furthermore, the heat dissipation and dilution device includes a housing, one end of which is provided with a first air inlet that is directly connected to the air outlet of the heat dissipation and exhaust pipe; The other end of the housing is provided with an air outlet, and a cavity and a guide cavity are sequentially connected between the first air inlet and the air outlet according to the gas flow direction. It also includes a second air inlet, which is an annular structure disposed on the housing and located on the outer periphery of the first air inlet, the second air inlet connecting the cavity to the atmosphere; The cavity is provided with a first helical blade, which is mounted on a rotating shaft. Both ends of the rotating shaft are rotatably supported on the housing by bearings. The flow guiding cavity includes two main flow guiding cavities located at the center of the housing, and an annular auxiliary flow guiding cavity located between the main flow guiding cavity and the housing. The main flow guiding cavity has a tapered structure, with the large-diameter end connected to the cavity and the small-diameter end connected to one end of the hybrid heat dissipation pipe. One end of the auxiliary flow guiding cavity is connected to the cavity, and the other end is connected to the atmosphere.

[0012] Furthermore, the auxiliary flow guiding cavity is provided with a second spiral blade for flow guiding on its cavity wall.

[0013] Furthermore, the second air inlet on the housing is provided with an annular mounting groove for installing a filter screen. The surface of the filter screen is coated with nano-sized iron powder to absorb oxygen from the air.

[0014] Furthermore, the hybrid heat dissipation pipe is based on the heat dissipation exhaust pipe, with a static mixing core installed inside the pipe. The static mixing core serves to mix the stratified gases.

[0015] The present invention further discloses a discharge method based on the safety valve combination device for safe release of high-pressure hydrogen. When the high-pressure combustible gas device experiences overpressure, the main body of the safety valve opens, and the high-pressure high-temperature combustible gas is discharged through the outlet of the main body of the safety valve to the heat dissipation discharge pipe. The high-temperature combustible gas is initially cooled by the sunflower heat dissipation fins installed on the outer wall of the heat dissipation discharge pipe. The combustible gas passing through the heat dissipation and exhaust pipe continues to enter the heat dissipation and dilution device, impacting the first spiral blade and driving the first spiral blade to rotate. While the first spiral blade continuously absorbs the high-pressure combustible gas, it also draws in external air through the second air inlet into the cavity to mix with the combustible gas. The filter absorbs oxygen from the outside air; The majority of the diluted combustible gas absorbed by the first helical blades is led from the main flow cavity to the mixing and heat dissipation pipe, and finally discharged into the atmosphere through the discharge funnel; A small portion of the diluted combustible gas passes through several second spiral blades in the auxiliary flow guide cavity, carrying away the heat from outside the mixing heat dissipation pipe and playing a second cooling role. Beneficial effects

[0016] First, the present invention provides a safety valve assembly for the safe release of high-pressure hydrogen, which utilizes a heat dissipation pipe for primary heat dissipation of the high-pressure, high-temperature combustible gas released from the main body of the safety valve; A heat dissipation dilution device is used to absorb gas from the outside and mix it with the high concentration of combustible gas discharged through the exhaust pipe, thereby reducing the concentration of combustible gas. The diluted and stratified combustible gas discharged from the heat dissipation mixing device is further mixed using a mixing heat dissipation pipe to obtain combustible gas that meets the safe emission conditions, and finally discharged into the atmosphere through the emission funnel.

[0017] Second, the flow guiding cavity includes two parts: a main flow guiding cavity located at the center of the shell, and an annular auxiliary flow guiding cavity located between the main flow guiding cavity and the shell; one end of the auxiliary flow guiding cavity is connected to the cavity, and the other end is connected to the atmosphere; most of the diluted combustible gas absorbed by the first spiral blade is led to the mixing heat dissipation pipe by the main flow guiding cavity, and finally discharged into the atmosphere through the discharge funnel; a small part of the diluted combustible gas passes through several second spiral blades in the auxiliary flow guiding cavity to carry away the heat outside the mixing heat dissipation pipe, playing a second cooling role.

[0018] Third. Considering that the air absorbed by the first spiral blade contains some oxygen, and there is still a risk of deflagration and explosion after mixing, a filter screen is installed in front of the first spiral blade, and nano-sized iron powder is coated on the surface to absorb oxygen in the air. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the safety valve assembly for high-pressure hydrogen safe release according to the present invention; Wherein, 1—safety valve body; 2—flange connection device; 3—heat dissipation pipe; 4—filter device; 5—first spiral blade; 6—rotating shaft; 7—second spiral blade; 8—inner wall of the guide; 9—outer shell; 10—mixing heat dissipation pipe; 11—discharge funnel; 12—bearing; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the safety valve body; Among them, 1-1—valve cap, 1-2—regulator, 1-3—valve stem, 1-4—spring, 1-5—spring seat, 1-6—valve body, 1-7—valve core, 1-8—valve seat.

[0020] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the heat dissipation dilution device and the mixing heat dissipation pipe; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the gas flow. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] This invention discloses a safety valve assembly for the safe release of high-pressure hydrogen. It utilizes the released high-pressure gas to drive blades that continuously mix air and high-concentration combustible gas, carrying away the heat from the high-pressure gas as it passes through a mixing and cooling pipe. The final released gas is a low-temperature, low-concentration combustible gas. Specifically, it includes the following structure: A safety valve assembly for high-pressure hydrogen safe release includes a safety valve body, a heat dissipation and discharge pipe, a heat dissipation and dilution device, and a mixing and heat dissipation pipe. The heat dissipation and discharge pipe is used for primary heat dissipation of the high-pressure, high-temperature combustible gas released from the safety valve body. The heat dissipation and dilution device reduces the concentration of combustible gas by absorbing gas from the outside and mixing it with the high-concentration combustible gas discharged through the exhaust pipe. The mixing heat dissipation pipe is used to further mix the diluted and stratified combustible gas discharged from the heat dissipation and dilution device to obtain combustible gas that meets the emission conditions, and finally discharge it into the atmosphere through the emission funnel.

[0023] The safety valve mainly consists of a valve body, valve seat, valve core, valve disc, spring, and auxiliary adjusting and connecting components. The adjusting components include a spring seat, adjusting rod, and adjuster. The safety valve is connected to the working device via a threaded connection, and a flange can be added for connection to the discharge pipe. It primarily serves a passive pressure relief function. Example 1

[0024] The heat dissipation pipe mainly consists of a straight cylindrical tube and sunflower-shaped heat sinks. The straight cylindrical tube should avoid bends and sharp turns as much as possible to minimize resistance, lead directly to a safe location, and have sufficient cross-sectional area to ensure smooth exhaust. Sunflower-shaped heat sinks are also installed outside the straight cylindrical tube, and a layer of thermally conductive silicone grease is applied to the contact surface of the heat sinks. This allows the heat generated by the high-temperature gas to be more effectively conducted to the heat sinks, and then dissipated into the surrounding air.

[0025] The heat dissipation and dilution device includes a housing, and one end of the housing is provided with a first air inlet that is directly connected to the air outlet of the exhaust pipe. The other end of the housing is provided with an air outlet, and a cavity and a guide cavity are sequentially connected between the first air inlet and the air outlet according to the gas flow direction. It also includes a second air inlet, which is an annular structure disposed on the housing and located on the outer periphery of the first air inlet, the second air inlet connecting the cavity to the atmosphere; The cavity is provided with a first spiral blade 5, which is mounted on a rotating shaft 6. The two ends of the rotating shaft 6 are rotatably supported on the housing by bearings. The flow guiding cavity includes two parts: a main flow guiding cavity located at the center of the housing and an auxiliary flow guiding cavity in an annular shape located between the main flow guiding cavity and the housing. The main flow guiding cavity has a tapered structure, with the large diameter end connected to the cavity and the small diameter end connected to one end of the hybrid heat dissipation pipe 10. One end of the auxiliary flow guiding cavity is connected to the cavity, and the other end is connected to the atmosphere. Example 2

[0026] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the auxiliary flow guiding cavity is provided with a second spiral blade for flow guiding on the cavity wall. Example 3

[0027] The difference between this embodiment and the two embodiments described above is that the rear part of the second air inlet on the housing is provided with an annular mounting groove for installing a filter screen, and the surface of the filter screen is coated with nano-sized iron powder to absorb oxygen in the air.

[0028] The present invention provides a discharge method based on the aforementioned safety valve assembly for high-pressure hydrogen safe release. When the high-pressure combustible gas device experiences overpressure, the safety valve body opens, and the high-pressure, high-temperature combustible gas is discharged through the outlet of the safety valve body to the heat dissipation discharge pipe 3. The heat dissipation discharge pipe 3 is initially cooled by the sunflower-shaped heat dissipation fins installed on its outer wall. The combustible gas passing through the discharge pipe continues to enter the heat dissipation and mixing device, impacting the first spiral blade 5 and driving the first spiral blade 5 to rotate. While the first spiral blade 5 continuously absorbs the high-pressure combustible gas, it also draws in external air through the second air inlet into the cavity to mix with the combustible gas. The filter absorbs oxygen from the outside air; The majority of the diluted combustible gas absorbed by the first spiral blade 5 is led from the main flow cavity to the mixing and heat dissipation pipe 10, and finally discharged into the atmosphere through the discharge funnel. A small portion of the diluted combustible gas passes through several second spiral blades 7 in the auxiliary flow guide cavity, carrying away the heat from outside the mixing heat dissipation pipe 10, thus playing a second cooling role.

[0029] The turbine blade mixing device is composed of static mixing cores. Due to differences in gas density, the low-concentration gas after mixing is prone to stratification if it does not pass through a subsequent mixing device. While the apparent concentration may decrease, the actual emitted gas remains a high-concentration flammable gas, posing a risk of deflagration and explosion.

Claims

1. A safety valve assembly for the safe release of high-pressure hydrogen, comprising a safety valve body, characterized in that, It also includes, in sequence along the gas flow path, the following components: a heat dissipation pipe, a heat dissipation dilution device, a mixing heat dissipation pipe, and a discharge funnel. The heat dissipation pipe is used for primary heat dissipation of the high-pressure, high-temperature combustible gas discharged from the body of the safety valve. The heat dissipation and dilution device reduces the concentration of combustible gas by mixing the gas absorbed and filtered from the outside with the high-concentration combustible gas discharged through the heat dissipation and exhaust pipe. The mixing heat dissipation pipe is used to further and fully mix the diluted and stratified combustible gas discharged from the heat dissipation and dilution device to obtain combustible gas that meets the safe emission conditions, and finally discharge it into the atmosphere through the emission funnel; The heat dissipation and dilution device includes a housing, and one end of the housing is provided with a first air inlet that is directly connected to the air outlet of the heat dissipation and exhaust pipe. The other end of the housing is provided with an air outlet, and a cavity and a guide cavity are sequentially connected between the first air inlet and the air outlet according to the gas flow direction. It also includes a second air inlet, which is an annular structure disposed on the housing and located on the outer periphery of the first air inlet, the second air inlet connecting the cavity to the atmosphere; The cavity is provided with a first helical blade, which is mounted on a rotating shaft. Both ends of the rotating shaft are rotatably supported on the housing by bearings. The flow guiding cavity includes two main flow guiding cavities located at the center of the housing, and an annular auxiliary flow guiding cavity located between the main flow guiding cavity and the housing. The main flow guiding cavity has a tapered structure, with the large-diameter end connected to the cavity and the small-diameter end connected to one end of the hybrid heat dissipation pipe. One end of the auxiliary flow guiding cavity is connected to the cavity, and the other end is connected to the atmosphere.

2. The safety valve assembly for high-pressure hydrogen safe release according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat dissipation pipe includes a straight cylindrical tube body. One end of the straight cylindrical tube body is connected to the body of the safety valve via a threaded or flanged connector, and the other end is sealed to the air inlet of the heat dissipation dilution device. The outer wall of the straight cylindrical tube body is provided with sunflower-shaped heat dissipation fins.

3. The safety valve assembly for high-pressure hydrogen safe release according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary flow guiding cavity has a ring of second spiral blades on its cavity wall for flow guiding.

4. The safety valve assembly for high-pressure hydrogen safe release according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second air inlet on the housing has an annular mounting groove for installing a filter screen. The surface of the filter screen is coated with nano-sized iron powder to absorb oxygen from the air.

5. The safety valve assembly for high-pressure hydrogen safe release according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hybrid heat dissipation pipe is based on the heat dissipation exhaust pipe, with a static mixing core installed inside the pipe. The static mixing core plays the role of mixing the stratified gases.

6. A discharge method based on the safety valve assembly for high-pressure hydrogen safe release as described in claim 4, characterized in that, When the high-pressure combustible gas device experiences overpressure, the safety valve body opens, and the high-pressure, high-temperature combustible gas is discharged through the outlet of the safety valve body to the heat dissipation pipe (3). The heat dissipation pipe (3) is initially cooled by the sunflower heat dissipation fins installed on the outer wall of the heat dissipation pipe (3). The combustible gas passing through the discharge pipe continues to enter the heat dissipation and dilution device, impacting the first spiral blade (5) and driving the first spiral blade (5) to rotate. The first spiral blade (5) continuously absorbs the high-pressure combustible gas while also drawing external air into the cavity through the second air inlet to mix with the combustible gas. The filter absorbs oxygen from the outside air; The majority of the diluted combustible gas absorbed by the first helical blade (5) is led from the main flow cavity to the mixing heat dissipation pipe (10), and finally discharged into the atmosphere through the discharge funnel; A small portion of the diluted combustible gas passes through several second spiral blades (7) in the auxiliary flow guide cavity and carries away the heat outside the mixing heat dissipation pipe (10), thus playing a second cooling role.

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