A hydrogen storage thermal management device based on phase change material

Abstract

The application provides a hydrogen storage thermal management device based on a phase change material, and solves the problem that a thermal management system of a metal hydride hydrogen storage system fails when hydrogen is charged and discharged. The application is provided with a temperature control system and a circulating water system, and can automatically introduce cold / hot water into a first cavity plate under abnormal operating conditions, timely transfer heat absorbed by the phase change material or supplement heat to the phase change material, and also can take away heat that is not absorbed by the phase change material in a third cavity plate from hydrogen storage material in a second cavity plate or heat that is not provided by the phase change material in the third cavity plate to the metal hydride hydrogen storage bed in the second cavity plate, so that the temperature of the hydrogen storage material in the second cavity plate is constant, the phase change material in the third cavity plate is rapidly heated / cooling, and the hydrogen storage device can continuously and normally work.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thermal management technology for hydrogen storage and supply, and in particular to a hydrogen storage thermal management device based on phase change materials. Background Technology

[0002] Metal hydride storage is a commonly used and safe option for hydrogen storage systems (because it stores hydrogen in atomic form). Its advantage is that it has a relatively high hydrogen storage capacity at relatively low pressures. Metal hydride tanks that operate at low pressures can also be directly filled with hydrogen produced by low-pressure electrolyzers.

[0003] In metal hydrides, the charging and discharging processes of hydrogen are exothermic and endothermic, respectively; therefore, heat generation and absorption are inherent parts of these processes. The heat generated by the exothermic reaction during charging must be dissipated from the metal hydride bed to maintain the charging phenomenon and utilize maximum storage capacity. However, to increase or maintain the hydrogen release rate, heat must be provided in the endothermic reaction during hydrogen discharge. Therefore, appropriate thermal management solutions are necessary to achieve the expected performance of the metal hydride hydrogen storage system.

[0004] Currently, thermal management solutions for metal hydride hydrogen storage systems mostly employ phase change materials (PCMs) to store the heat released during hydrogen charging and use it during hydrogen discharging, thereby reducing additional energy consumption. However, it is inevitable that some of the heat within the PCM will be lost to the environment during storage. This can result in the metal hydride not absorbing enough heat during hydrogen discharging in a single charge-discharge cycle; or fluctuations in the charging rate may prevent the PCM from absorbing heat in time, reducing the charging rate. Both of these factors can lead to the failure of the thermal management system of the metal hydride hydrogen storage system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problem in the prior art where the thermal management system of metal hydride hydrogen storage systems fails during hydrogen charging and discharging, this invention proposes a hydrogen storage thermal management device based on phase change materials.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: a hydrogen storage thermal management device based on phase change material, comprising a hydrogen storage and release device, a circulating water system and a temperature control system; The hydrogen storage device includes a front-opening box, inside which are provided multiple first cavity plates, second cavity plates and third cavity plates. Each of the first cavity plate, second cavity plate and third cavity plate has a hollow inner cavity. The inner cavity of the first cavity plate is used to inject liquid water, the inner cavity of the second cavity plate is filled with hydrogen storage material, and the inner cavity of the third cavity plate is filled with phase change material. The first cavity plate, the second cavity plate, and the third cavity plate are arranged alternately and at intervals. The third cavity plate is provided on both sides of the second cavity plate, and the first cavity plate is located on the side of the third cavity plate away from the second cavity plate. The circulating water system includes water pipes and heating and cooling systems installed on the water pipes. The rear side of the first cavity plate is provided with an inlet and an outlet joint that communicate with its interior. Both the inlet and outlet joints are connected to the water pipes of the circulating water system. The circulating water system and the first cavity plate are combined to form a water circulation network. Multiple first cavity plates are connected in parallel to each other. The second chamber plate is connected to the hydrogen injection pipe and the second chamber plate is connected to the hydrogen output pipe. Multiple second chamber plates are connected in parallel. The hydrogen injection pipe is equipped with a third valve and the hydrogen output pipe is equipped with a fourth valve. The temperature control system includes a temperature controller, a first temperature sensor, and a second temperature sensor, both of which are connected to the temperature controller via signal connection. The detection end of the first temperature sensor is located inside the third cavity plate. The first temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the phase change material inside the third cavity plate. The detection end of the second temperature sensor is located inside the first cavity plate. The second temperature sensor is used to detect the water temperature inside the first cavity plate. The temperature controller is connected to the heating and cooling systems and is used to control the switching on and off of the heating and cooling systems.

[0007] Preferably, multiple slide rails are provided on both the left and right side walls of the box, and slide rails are provided with slide bars that can slide back and forth. A baffle is fixed on the rear side of the slide rail to prevent the slide bars from falling out, and there is a gap between the baffle and the rear side plate of the box. The left and right sides of the first cavity plate, the second cavity plate, and the third cavity plate are all fixedly connected to the corresponding slide bars; The rear side of the first cavity plate is provided with an inlet connector and an outlet connector that communicate with its interior. Both the inlet connector and the outlet connector are connected to the water pipes of the circulating water system through flexible hoses. The rear side of the second chamber plate is provided with a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet that communicate with its interior. The hydrogen inlet and hydrogen outlet are connected to the hydrogen injection pipe and hydrogen output pipe respectively via flexible hoses. The rear side of the third chamber plate is provided with a phase change material inlet and a phase change material outlet that communicate with its interior. The phase change material inlet and the phase change material outlet are connected to the phase change material injection pipe and the phase change material discharge pipe respectively through flexible hoses. Multiple third chamber plates are connected in parallel to each other. One end of the hose extends out of the rear panel of the box, and the other end of the hose is stored in the gap between the baffle and the rear panel of the box. The length of the hose is greater than the front and rear length of the box, so that the first cavity plate, the second cavity plate and the third cavity plate can all be pulled out of the box.

[0008] Preferably, the inner cavity of the third cavity plate is filled with a thermally conductive reinforcing material, which is a cotton-like structure with gaps, and the phase change material is filled in the gaps of the thermally conductive reinforcing material.

[0009] Preferably, the circulating water system includes hot and cold water tanks and a circulating water pump, with the heating system and cooling system built into the hot and cold water tanks, and the hot and cold water tanks are equipped with an outlet port and a return port; The water pipe includes a water supply pipe and a water return pipe. One end of the water supply pipe is connected to the water outlet port. The circulating water pump is installed on the water supply pipe. The water supply pipe is connected to the water inlet connector through a flexible hose. One end of the water return pipe is connected to the water return port. The water return pipe is connected to the water outlet connector through a flexible hose.

[0010] Preferably, the water supply pipe is equipped with a first valve, and the return water pipe is equipped with a second valve. Both the first and second valves are solenoid valves, and the temperature controller is connected to the first and second valves for control.

[0011] Preferably, guide plates are alternately arranged on the left and right sides inside the cavity of the first cavity plate. The guide plates are used to isolate the internal space of the first cavity plate into a water flow channel that flows back and forth. The water inlet connector is connected to the inlet of the water flow channel, and the water outlet connector is connected to the outlet of the water flow channel.

[0012] Preferably, the first cavity plate, the second cavity plate, and the third cavity plate are arranged alternately in parallel in the vertical direction or alternately in parallel in the horizontal direction.

[0013] Preferably, the inner wall of the box is provided with thermal insulation material.

[0014] Preferably, the contact surfaces of the first cavity plate, the third cavity plate, and the second cavity plate are all provided with interlocking wave-like structures.

[0015] Preferably, the inner cavity thickness of the first cavity plate, the third cavity plate, and the second cavity plate is less than or equal to 20 mm.

[0016] Advantages of this invention: This invention is equipped with a temperature control system and a circulating water system. Under abnormal operating conditions (including situations where fluctuations in the hydrogen charging rate prevent the phase change material from absorbing heat from the hydrogen storage material in time, or where the temperature inside the phase change material is lost to the environment and cannot meet the heat absorption requirements of the hydrogen storage material during hydrogen release), cold / hot water is automatically introduced into the first chamber plate. This promptly transfers away the heat absorbed by the phase change material or replenishes the phase change material. At the same time, it can also remove the heat that the hydrogen storage material in the second chamber plate failed to absorb by the phase change material in the third chamber plate, or the heat that the phase change material in the third chamber plate failed to provide to the metal hydride hydrogen storage bed in the second chamber plate. This ensures that the temperature of the hydrogen storage material in the second chamber plate remains constant, while the phase change material in the third chamber plate can rapidly heat up / cool down. This guarantees that the hydrogen storage device can continue to operate normally and avoids the failure of the thermal management system during hydrogen charging and discharging. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship of the components in Example 1; Figure 2 This is the operation logic diagram of the thermal management device in Example 1; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the hydrogen storage and release device in the middle; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A top-view diagram of the internal structure of the first cavity plate; Figure 5 for Figure 3 A top-view diagram of the internal structure of the second cavity plate; Figure 6 for Figure 3 A top-view diagram of the internal structure of the third cavity plate; Figure 7 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the hydrogen storage and release device (with the top plate removed); In the diagram, 1. Hydrogen storage device; 2. First chamber plate; 201. Water inlet connector; 202. Water outlet connector; 203. Guide plate; 3. Second chamber plate; 301. Hydrogen inlet; 302. Hydrogen outlet; 4. Third chamber plate; 401. Phase change material inlet; 402. Phase change material outlet; 5. Water supply pipe; 6. First valve; 7. Hot and cold water tank; 8. Return water pipe; 9. Second valve; 10. Hydrogen injection pipe; 11. Third valve; 12. Hydrogen output pipe; 13. Fourth valve; 14. Phase change material injection pipe; 15. Fifth valve; 16. Phase change... 17. Material discharge pipe, 18. Sixth valve, 19. Circulating water pump, 20. Temperature controller, 21. Box body, 22. Slide rail, 23. Slide bar, 24. Built-in water inlet pipe, 25. Water supply connector, 26. Built-in return water pipe, 27. Return water connector, 28. Built-in hydrogen delivery pipe, 29. Gas delivery connector, 20. Built-in hydrogen discharge pipe, 20. Exhaust connector, 21. Built-in phase change material delivery pipe, 22. Phase change material delivery connector, 23. Built-in phase change material discharge pipe, 24. Phase change material discharge connector, 25. Material discharge pipe, 26. Phase change material discharge connector, 27. Material discharge pipe, 28. Phase change material discharge connector, 29. Baffle. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1: A hydrogen storage thermal management device based on phase change materials, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a hydrogen storage and release device 1, a circulating water system, and a temperature control system.

[0021] The hydrogen storage device 1 includes a front-opening housing 20, the inner wall of which is lined with insulating material. The housing 20 contains multiple first chamber plates 2, second chamber plates 3, and third chamber plates 4. For example... Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the first cavity plate 2, the second cavity plate 3, and the third cavity plate 4 all have hollow inner cavities. The inner cavity of the first cavity plate 2 is used to inject liquid water, the inner cavity of the second cavity plate 3 is filled with hydrogen storage material, which in this embodiment is LaNi5. The inner cavity of the third cavity plate 4 is filled with phase change material.

[0022] like Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown, multiple slide rails 21 are provided on the left and right side walls of the box 20, with vertical spacing. The slide rails 21 are provided with slide bars 22 that can slide back and forth. A baffle 29 is fixed on the rear side of the slide rails 21 to prevent the slide bars 22 from falling out. There is a gap between the baffle 29 and the rear side plate of the box 1.

[0023] like Figure 3 As shown, the first cavity plate 2, the second cavity plate 3, and the third cavity plate 4 are arranged alternately. The third cavity plate 4 is provided on both sides of the second cavity plate 3, and the first cavity plate 2 is located on the side of the third cavity plate 4 away from the second cavity plate 3. The left and right sides of the first cavity plate 2, the second cavity plate 3, and the third cavity plate 4 are fixedly connected to the corresponding slide bar 22.

[0024] The rear panel of the housing 20 is fixedly equipped with an internal water inlet pipe 23, an internal water return pipe 24, an internal hydrogen delivery pipe 25, an internal hydrogen discharge pipe 26, an internal phase change material delivery pipe 27, and an internal phase change material discharge pipe 28.

[0025] The built-in water inlet pipe 23 is provided with multiple water supply connectors 2301 at intervals, and the built-in water return pipe 24 is provided with multiple water return connectors 2401 at intervals. The rear side of the first cavity plate 2 is provided with a water inlet connector 201 and a water outlet connector 202 communicating with its interior. The water inlet connector 201 is connected to the water supply connector 2301 through a hose, and the water outlet connector 202 is connected to the water return connector 2401 through a hose.

[0026] The built-in hydrogen delivery pipe 25 is connected to the hydrogen injection pipe 10 that passes through the rear panel of the housing 20. The hydrogen injection pipe 10 is equipped with a third valve 13. The built-in hydrogen discharge pipe 26 is connected to the hydrogen output pipe 12 that passes through the rear panel of the housing 20. The hydrogen output pipe 12 is equipped with a fourth valve 13.

[0027] The built-in hydrogen delivery pipe 25 is provided with multiple gas delivery connectors 2501 at intervals, and the built-in hydrogen discharge pipe 26 is provided with multiple exhaust connectors 2601 at intervals. The rear side of the second cavity plate 3 is provided with a hydrogen inlet 301 and a hydrogen outlet 302 that communicate with its interior. The hydrogen inlet 301 and the hydrogen outlet 302 are both connected to the gas delivery connectors 2501 and the exhaust connectors 2601 respectively through flexible hoses.

[0028] The built-in phase change material delivery pipe 27 is connected to the phase change material injection pipe 14 that passes through the rear side plate of the housing 20. The phase change material injection pipe 14 is provided with a fifth valve 15. The built-in phase change material delivery pipe 27 is provided with multiple phase change material delivery joints 2701 at intervals. The built-in phase change material discharge pipe 28 is connected to the phase change material discharge pipe 16 that passes through the rear side plate of the housing 20. The phase change material discharge pipe 16 is provided with a sixth valve 17. The built-in phase change material discharge pipe 28 is provided with multiple phase change material discharge joints 2801 at intervals.

[0029] The rear side of the third cavity plate 4 is provided with a phase change material inlet 401 and a phase change material outlet 402 that communicate with its interior. The phase change material inlet 401 and the phase change material outlet 402 are respectively connected to the phase change material conveying connector 2701 and the phase change material discharging connector 2801 via flexible hoses.

[0030] The hose is stored in the gap between the baffle 29 and the rear side plate of the box 1, and the length of the hose is greater than the front and rear length of the box 20, so that the first cavity plate 2, the second cavity plate 3 and the third cavity plate 4 can all be pulled out from the box 20, so as to facilitate the quick replacement of any of the first cavity plate 2, the second cavity plate 3 and the third cavity plate 4 that malfunctions.

[0031] The first cavity plate 2, the second cavity plate 3, and the third cavity plate 4 can be arranged alternately in parallel vertically or alternately in parallel horizontally. In this embodiment, the first cavity plate 2, the second cavity plate 3, and the third cavity plate 4 are arranged alternately in the following manner: Figure 3 The example shown is an alternating parallel arrangement in the horizontal direction.

[0032] The ratio of the number of the second cavity plate 3, the third cavity plate 4, and the first cavity plate 2 is n:2n:(n+1).

[0033] To enhance the thermal conductivity of the phase change material within the third cavity plate 4, in this embodiment, the inner cavity of the third cavity plate 4 is filled with a thermally conductive reinforcing material. This thermally conductive reinforcing material has a porous, cotton-like structure, and the phase change material fills the voids within the thermally conductive reinforcing material. Specifically, in this embodiment, the phase change material used is paraffin RT35. Paraffin RT35 physical properties: melting temperature 308.15 K, transformation temperature range 3 K; ρliquid, PCM [kg / m3] 760; ρsolid, PCM [kg / m3] 880; Cpsolid, PCM [J / kg / k] 1800; Cpliquid, PCM [J / kg / k] 2400; kPCM [W / m / k] 0.2.

[0034] In other embodiments, one or a combination of fatty acids, fatty alcohols, esters, and various polymeric PCMs may be used as phase change materials.

[0035] In this embodiment, the thermally conductive reinforcing material used is copper foam, with the following physical properties: ρcu [kg / m3] 8920, Cpcu [J / kg / k] 383. Other thermally conductive reinforcing materials, such as aluminum foam and graphite, can also achieve the above functions.

[0036] The circulating water system includes a hot and cold water tank 7 and a circulating water pump 18. The hot and cold water tank 7 is equipped with a heating system and a cooling system. The hot and cold water tank 7 is a common existing technology, and its specific structure will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0037] The hot and cold water tank 7 is equipped with an outlet port and a return port, such as Figure 1 As shown, the outlet port is connected to a water supply pipe 5, the circulating water pump 18 is installed on the water supply pipe 5, and the return water port is connected to a return water pipe 8.

[0038] like Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, the other end of the water supply pipe 5 passes through the rear panel of the housing 20 and connects to the built-in water inlet pipe 23. A first valve 6 is provided on the water supply pipe 5. The other end of the return water pipe 8 passes through the rear panel of the box 20 and is connected to the built-in return water pipe 24. The return water pipe 8 is equipped with a second valve 9. Both the first valve 6 and the second valve 9 are solenoid valves.

[0039] like Figure 1 The temperature control system includes a temperature controller 19, multiple first temperature sensors, and multiple second temperature sensors. Both the first and second temperature sensors are connected to the temperature controller 19 via signal connection.

[0040] The detection end of the first temperature sensor is located inside the third chamber plate 4, and the first temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the phase change material inside the third chamber plate 4. The detection end of the second temperature sensor is located inside the first chamber plate 2, and the second temperature sensor is used to detect the water temperature inside the first chamber plate 2.

[0041] Temperature controller 19 is connected to the heating and cooling systems in hot and cold water tank 7. Temperature controller 19 is also connected to the first valve 6, the second valve 9, and the circulating water pump 18. Temperature controller 19 is used to control the switching on and off of the heating and cooling systems and the water pumping.

[0042] To prolong the flow time of water within the first chamber plate 2 and increase its effective heat exchange, such as Figure 4 As shown, guide plates 203 are alternately arranged on the left and right sides in the cavity of the first cavity plate 2. The guide plates 203 are used to isolate the internal space of the first cavity plate 2 into a water flow channel that moves back and forth. The water inlet connector 201 is connected to the inlet of the water flow channel, and the water outlet connector 202 is connected to the outlet of the water flow channel.

[0043] In order to increase the heat exchange area between the first cavity plate 2, the second cavity plate 3 and the third cavity plate 4, interlocking wave-like structures can be provided on the contact surfaces of the first cavity plate 2, the third cavity plate 4 and the second cavity plate 3.

[0044] To improve heat exchange efficiency, the inner cavity thickness of the first cavity plate 2, the second cavity plate 3, and the third cavity plate 4 is less than or equal to 20 mm.

[0045] The shapes of the first cavity plate 2, the second cavity plate 3, and the third cavity plate 4 in this embodiment are only one example. In other embodiments, other shapes may also be used, such as plate-shaped, spiral plate-shaped, or flat plate-shaped.

[0046] Working principle: Before use, first set the parameters of the temperature controller 19 according to the phase change temperature of the selected phase change material. During use, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the first temperature sensor transmits the detected temperature signal of the phase change material in the third cavity plate 4 to the temperature controller 19.

[0047] During hydrogen storage: The first temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the phase change material in real time and transmits the temperature signal to the temperature controller 19. The second temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the cold water in the second chamber plate 2 in real time. The temperature controller 19 determines whether the temperature of the phase change material is higher than its phase change temperature based on the received temperature signals from the first and second temperature sensors. If it is higher, the temperature controller 19 controls the cooling system of the hot and cold water tank 7 to open, and the circulating water pump 18 is turned on to cool the water in the water pipes. The second temperature sensor monitors the water temperature in the first chamber plate 2 in real time, maintaining the water temperature within the phase change temperature limit. The cold water in the hot and cold water tank 7 is delivered to each of the second chamber plates 2 through the water supply branch pipes on the water supply pipe 5. The water in the second chamber plate 2 flows back to the hot and cold water tank 7 through the return water pipe 8. The second chamber plate 2 cools the phase change material in the second chamber plate 4 through heat exchange. Simultaneously, the hydrogen storage material in the second chamber plate 2 is cooled through indirect heat exchange via the second chamber plate 4. If the temperature of the phase change material is not higher than its phase change temperature, the heating system switch will not operate.

[0048] When cooling down, the water temperature in the water pipe can be lowered to below the phase change temperature first. When the temperature of the phase change material in the second chamber plate 4 drops to its phase change temperature, the heating system can be started to raise the water temperature in the water pipe to the phase change temperature.

[0049] During hydrogen filling, external hydrogen is injected into the second chamber plate 3, where it is absorbed by the hydrogen storage material and reacts to generate heat. The temperature of the second chamber plate 3 rises, exceeding the phase change temperature of the phase change material filled in the third chamber plate 4. The phase change material begins to melt, and the heat is stored in the phase change material in the form of sensible heat and latent heat.

[0050] During hydrogen release: If the phase change material temperature is lower than the phase change temperature, the temperature controller 19 controls the heating system of the hot and cold water tank 7 to open, and the heating system starts heating. The second temperature sensor monitors the water temperature in the first chamber plate 2 in real time, maintaining the water temperature in the first chamber plate 2 at the limit of the phase change temperature. Hot and cold water in the hot and cold water tank 7 are respectively transported to each second chamber plate 2 through the water supply branch pipe on the water supply pipe 5. The water in the second chamber plate 2 flows back to the hot and cold water tank 7 through the return water pipe 8. The second chamber plate 2 heats the phase change material in the second chamber plate 4 through heat exchange, replenishing the heat energy. At the same time, the second chamber plate 2 heats the hydrogen storage material in the second chamber plate 3 through indirect heat exchange with the second chamber plate 4.

[0051] When heating to replenish thermal energy, the water temperature can be raised to above the phase change temperature first. When the temperature of the phase change material in the second chamber plate 4 rises to its phase change temperature, the cooling system can be started to cool the water temperature down to the phase change temperature.

[0052] When hydrogen is released, the heat absorbed by the phase change material in the third chamber plate 4 begins to be released, and the second chamber plate 3 is heated through heat exchange. The hydrogen storage material in the second chamber plate 3 absorbs heat and releases hydrogen.

[0053] The device of this invention can automatically circulate and cool / heat the hydrogen storage material in the second chamber plate 3. During hydrogen filling, the heat of the hydrogen storage material in the second chamber plate 3 can be quickly dissipated to the phase change material in the third chamber plate 4. If the phase change material does not store heat in time due to fluctuations in the hydrogen filling rate, the cooling system of the circulating water system can be triggered to cool the water, so that cold water flows through the first chamber plate 2 to ensure the heat dissipation of the metal hydride during hydrogen filling. During hydrogen release, the hydrogen storage material in the second chamber plate 3 can absorb the heat stored by the phase change material during hydrogen release from the third chamber plate 4. If the heat of the phase change material is partially dissipated into the environment or the metal hydride cannot absorb heat in time due to fluctuations in the hydrogen release rate, the heating system of the circulating water system can be triggered to heat the water, so that hot water flows through the first chamber plate 2 to ensure the heat absorption of the hydrogen storage material in the first chamber plate 3 during hydrogen release.

[0054] Example 2: A hydrogen storage thermal management device based on phase change material. This example differs from Example 1 in that the rear panel of the housing 20 is fixedly equipped with a built-in water inlet pipe 23, a built-in water return pipe 24, a built-in hydrogen delivery pipe 25, a built-in hydrogen discharge pipe 26, a built-in phase change material delivery pipe 27, and a built-in phase change material discharge pipe 28. One end of each flexible hose extends out of the rear panel of the housing 20 and is directly connected to the water delivery pipe 5, the water return pipe 8, the hydrogen injection pipe 10, the hydrogen output pipe 12, the phase change material injection pipe 14, and the phase change material discharge pipe 16, respectively. Other structures are the same as in Example 1. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and not by the foregoing description. Therefore, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A hydrogen storage thermal management device based on phase change materials, characterized in that: Includes hydrogen storage and release device (1), circulating water system and temperature control system; The hydrogen storage device (1) includes a front-opening box (20). The box (20) is provided with multiple first cavity plates (2), second cavity plates (3) and third cavity plates (4). The first cavity plate (2), second cavity plate (3) and third cavity plate (4) are all provided with hollow inner cavities. The inner cavity of the first cavity plate (2) is used to inject liquid water, the inner cavity of the second cavity plate (3) is filled with hydrogen storage material, and the inner cavity of the third cavity plate (4) is filled with phase change material. The first cavity plate (2), the second cavity plate (3) and the third cavity plate (4) are arranged alternately and at intervals. The third cavity plate (4) is provided on both sides of the second cavity plate (3). The first cavity plate (2) is located on the side of the third cavity plate (4) away from the second cavity plate (3). The circulating water system includes water pipes and heating and cooling systems installed on the water pipes. The rear side of the first cavity plate (2) is provided with an inlet connector (201) and an outlet connector (202) that communicate with its interior. Both the inlet connector (201) and the outlet connector (202) are connected to the water pipes of the circulating water system. The circulating water system and the first cavity plate (2) are combined to form a water circulation network. Multiple first cavity plates (2) are connected in parallel with each other. The second chamber plate (3) is connected to the hydrogen injection pipe (10) and the second chamber plate (3) is connected to the hydrogen output pipe (12). Multiple second chamber plates (3) are connected in parallel. The hydrogen injection pipe (10) is equipped with a third valve (11) and the hydrogen output pipe (12) is equipped with a fourth valve (13). The temperature control system includes a temperature controller (19), a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor, both of which are connected to the temperature controller (19) via signal. The detection end of the first temperature sensor is located inside the third cavity plate (4). The first temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the phase change material inside the third cavity plate (4). The detection end of the second temperature sensor is located inside the first cavity plate (2), and the second temperature sensor is used to detect the water temperature inside the first cavity plate (2); The temperature controller (19) is connected to the heating system and the cooling system control, and the temperature controller (19) is used to control the switching of the heating system and the cooling system.

2. The hydrogen storage thermal management device based on phase change material as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple slide rails (21) are provided on the left and right side walls of the box (20) at intervals. Slide rails (21) are provided with slide bars (22) that can slide back and forth. A baffle (29) is fixed on the rear side of the slide rail (21) to prevent the slide bars (22) from falling out. There is a gap between the baffle (29) and the rear side plate of the box (20). The left and right sides of the first cavity plate (2), the second cavity plate (3) and the third cavity plate (4) are fixedly connected to the corresponding slide bars (22); The rear side of the first cavity plate (2) is provided with an inlet connector (201) and an outlet connector (202) that communicate with its interior. Both the inlet connector (201) and the outlet connector (202) are connected to the water pipe of the circulating water system through hoses. The rear side of the second cavity plate (3) is provided with a hydrogen inlet (301) and a hydrogen outlet (302) communicating with its interior. The hydrogen inlet (301) and the hydrogen outlet (302) are respectively connected to the hydrogen injection pipe (10) and the hydrogen output pipe (12) through flexible tubes. The rear side of the third cavity plate (4) is provided with a phase change material inlet (401) and a phase change material outlet (402) communicating with its interior. The phase change material inlet (401) and the phase change material outlet (402) are connected to the phase change material injection pipe (14) and the phase change material discharge pipe (16) respectively through hoses. Multiple third cavity plates (4) are connected in parallel to each other. One end of the hose extends out of the rear panel of the box (20), and the other end of the hose is stored in the gap between the baffle (29) and the rear panel of the box (20). The length of the hose is greater than the front and rear length of the box (20) so that the first cavity plate (2), the second cavity plate (3) and the third cavity plate (4) can all be pulled out from the box (20).

3. The hydrogen storage thermal management device based on phase change material as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the third cavity plate (4) is filled with a thermally conductive reinforcing material. The thermally conductive reinforcing material has a cotton-like structure with gaps, and the phase change material is filled in the gaps of the thermally conductive reinforcing material.

4. The hydrogen storage thermal management device based on phase change material as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The circulating water system includes a hot and cold water tank (7) and a circulating water pump (18). The heating system and the cooling system are built into the hot and cold water tank (7). The hot and cold water tank (7) is equipped with an outlet port and a return port. The water pipe includes a water supply pipe (5) and a return pipe (8). One end of the water supply pipe (5) is connected to the water outlet port. The circulating water pump (18) is installed on the water supply pipe (5). The water supply pipe (5) is connected to the water inlet connector (201) through a hose. One end of the return pipe (8) is connected to the return port. The return pipe (8) is connected to the water outlet connector (202) through a hose.

5. The hydrogen storage thermal management device based on phase change material as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The water supply pipe (5) is equipped with a first valve (6), and the return water pipe (8) is equipped with a second valve (9). Both the first valve (6) and the second valve (9) are solenoid valves. The temperature controller (19) is connected to the first valve (6) and the second valve (9) for control.

6. The hydrogen storage thermal management device based on phase change material as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The cavity of the first cavity plate (2) is provided with guide plates (203) spaced alternately on the left and right. The guide plates (203) are used to isolate the internal space of the first cavity plate (2) into a water flow channel that moves back and forth. The water inlet connector (201) is connected to the inlet of the water flow channel, and the water outlet connector (202) is connected to the outlet of the water flow channel.

7. A hydrogen storage thermal management device based on phase change materials as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The first cavity plate (2), the second cavity plate (3), and the third cavity plate (4) are arranged alternately in parallel in the vertical direction or alternately in parallel in the horizontal direction.

8. The hydrogen storage thermal management device based on phase change material as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The inner wall of the box (20) is provided with thermal insulation material.

9. A hydrogen storage thermal management device based on phase change materials as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The contact surfaces of the first cavity plate (2), the third cavity plate (4), and the second cavity plate (3) are all provided with interlocking wave-like structures.

10. The hydrogen storage thermal management device based on phase change material as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The inner cavity thickness of the first cavity plate (2), the third cavity plate (4), and the second cavity plate (3) is less than or equal to 20 mm.

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