A distributed low-orbit satellite operation situation and service capability evaluation method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of distributed low-orbit satellite operating situation and service capability evaluation method, including ephemeris automatic loading, satellite situation prediction, predicted data distribution, satellite service capability monitoring and evaluation, satellite service capability evaluation display.The application realizes a kind of based on map automatic update display satellite situation, based on regional satellite situation prediction data generation, satellite situation prediction data distribution, based on site satellite service capability evaluation and other functions.It has strong real-time, high automation, strong stability, high performance, scalable satellite service service capability evaluation method.Especially suitable for radio monitoring field for low-orbit satellite monitoring, satellite tracking prediction, monitoring site best use location site selection and other needs, with strong popularization and application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention pertains to low-Earth orbit satellite service capability assessment technology in the field of wireless signal communication. It has the function of assessing the service capability of satellites passing over a target area, which helps to improve my country's comprehensive understanding of the signal capabilities of non-geostationary orbit satellites passing over and service terminals, timely discover operational patterns and signal service capabilities, and is of great significance for improving my country's selection of signal monitoring site locations and satellite terminal usage areas. Background Technology

[0002] Low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems utilize small, lightweight, low-cost, and short-cycle satellites that can be mass-produced. Satellites act as backups for each other, minimizing losses. Ground terminal equipment is simple, inexpensive, and portable. Due to its low orbital altitude, it can provide high-speed internet access and cover polar regions, achieving true global coverage. Satellite internet commonly employs LEO constellations to provide internet access services to users.

[0003] Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations contain a vast number of satellites that are constantly in high-speed motion relative to the Earth, resulting in rapidly changing relative positions. To accurately assess the service capabilities of each satellite and its position relative to the ground over time, and to clearly define the trajectories of all nodes within the constellation, it is essential to establish monitoring and assessment stations across various locations. Achieving unified constellation situation generation and distribution, along with comprehensive constellation service capability assessments, under a single time reference is crucial. Satellite situation data consists of the specific position of each satellite at a given moment. Each satellite's situation data includes its name, identifier, time, latitude, longitude, and altitude. Given the sheer number of LEO internet constellations (20,000 to 40,000 satellites), the high time accuracy of situation prediction (0.1 seconds), and the large volume of data, coordinating the simultaneous monitoring of a particular constellation by various stations to accurately assess its nationwide communication capabilities presents a significant challenge.

[0004] Currently, research in this field by domestic and international scholars in publicly available literature mainly focuses on satellite status and coverage studies, lacking the ability to assess satellite service capabilities by region, and the research content is relatively singular. There is still no integrated method for assessing the operational status and service capabilities of low-Earth orbit satellites that combines distributed constellation status distribution and regional satellite service capability assessment technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a distributed method for assessing the operational status and service capabilities of low-Earth orbit satellites, which features high automation, high concurrency, and high speed.

[0006] To achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for assessing the operational status and service capabilities of distributed low-Earth orbit satellites includes the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: The central station obtains ephemeris data from multiple backup redundant addresses, selects the latest ephemeris data to generate satellite status data, and distributes it to each monitoring station.

[0009] Step 2: Each monitoring station receives the corresponding satellite situation data, adjusts the monitoring antenna to align with the target satellite based on the position of the target satellite and the position of the monitoring antenna, monitors the target satellite in the frequency band, obtains the evaluation index, and transmits the evaluation index to the central station.

[0010] Step 3: The central station collects the evaluation index data of each monitoring station, displays it in real time, and performs comprehensive analysis and processing of the indicators of each monitoring station to generate communication service capability indicators, which are then displayed.

[0011] Furthermore, step 1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0012] Step 101: The central station obtains ephemeris data based on multiple backup redundant addresses, and calculates the position data of all satellites at all times within a set future time period based on the latest ephemeris data, generating a satellite situation prediction list.

[0013] Step 102: Filter the satellite situation prediction list according to the assessment area to generate satellite situation data within the assessment area;

[0014] Step 103: Based on the monitoring and assessment range of each monitoring station, the satellite situation data within the assessment area is filtered to obtain the satellite situation data of a certain monitoring station;

[0015] Step 104: Package the satellite situation data of the monitoring station according to the set time interval, and distribute the data packets as subject data to the corresponding monitoring station.

[0016] Furthermore, step 2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0017] Step 201: Each monitoring station acquires satellite situation data within a set time period based on the monitoring and evaluation task parameters, caches the data, and generates a monitoring sequence based on the satellite's transit time and azimuth and elevation angle.

[0018] Step 202: During the monitoring process, the position of the target satellite at the current moment is obtained from the local cache according to the time frame, and the azimuth and elevation angles of the monitoring antenna relative to the target satellite are calculated in combination with the position of the monitoring antenna, and the monitoring antenna is adjusted to be aimed at the target satellite.

[0019] Step 203: Call the monitoring equipment to monitor the target satellite in the frequency band, obtain the evaluation index from the monitoring results data, and transmit the evaluation index to the central station; the evaluation index includes evaluation site, evaluation time, frequency, bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio, theoretical channel capacity, satellite elevation angle, azimuth angle, satellite longitude, satellite latitude and satellite altitude.

[0020] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are as follows:

[0021] 1. This invention enables real-time monitoring and evaluation of the entire network through joint efforts of multiple sites, and features strong constellation targeting and wide coverage.

[0022] 2. This invention divides tasks by region, enabling each station to perform monitoring and evaluation tasks in parallel, which has high efficiency;

[0023] 3. This invention achieves unified calculation and distribution of satellite status at the central point, which can eliminate the errors in monitoring and evaluation by each station and has high accuracy;

[0024] 4. The central station of this invention issues situational data, and each monitoring station automatically performs monitoring and reports data. The system has the characteristics of being unattended and has good automation.

[0025] 5. The central station of this invention manages all monitoring and evaluation indicator data, and can form a historical database of monitoring and evaluation indicators, which facilitates big data analysis and evaluation, and helps to discover patterns and intelligence.

[0026] 6. This invention is scalable and supports the construction of multiple assessment sites to achieve better monitoring density;

[0027] 7. The central station of this invention can centrally adjust the system operating parameters of the monitoring and evaluation process, which has strong flexibility. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the process of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a system architecture diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0031] A distributed method for assessing the operational status and service capabilities of low-Earth orbit satellites is proposed, based on a central station and monitoring and assessment stations (monitoring stations) located in various provinces and cities. The system architecture of this invention is as follows: Figure 2As shown, both the central station and each monitoring station are scalable, effectively meeting the needs of future large-scale construction of monitoring and assessment sites. The workflow diagram is as follows. Figure 1 As shown, the process includes the following:

[0032] Step 1: The central station obtains ephemeris data from multiple backup redundant addresses, selects the latest ephemeris data to generate satellite status data, and distributes it to each monitoring station.

[0033] The situational data of a single satellite at a certain moment is described as follows:

[0034] (cons_name,sat_id,sat_name,time,lon,lat,alt,generate_time)

[0035] To improve the accuracy of predictions, the time granularity is typically one second. This means 30,000 satellite situational awareness data entries are generated per second. Assuming the situational awareness data needs to be distributed to 30 stations, and each data entry is calculated at 128 bytes, the central network bandwidth requirement would be 30,000 (entries) * 30 (stations) * 128 (bytes) * 8 (bits) = 880 Mbps. This is clearly difficult to achieve for a nationwide network.

[0036] To achieve the goal of distributing constellation situational data to various stations via the network, the generation and distribution process of situational data needs to be optimized based on the assessment area, the location of the assessment stations, and the number of assessment stations. Meanwhile, there is a network delay in the distribution of satellite situational data from the central station to each station, and there is also a certain delay in the reception and processing of satellite situational data at each station. Therefore, the central station needs to send forecasts to each station in advance to transmit the data to each monitoring station.

[0037] The specific process is described as follows:

[0038] Step 101: The central station obtains ephemeris data based on multiple backup redundant addresses, and calculates the position data of all satellites at all times within a set time period in the future (3 minutes in this embodiment) based on the latest ephemeris data, and generates a satellite situation prediction list.

[0039] Step 102: Filter the satellite situation prediction list according to the assessment area to generate satellite situation data within the assessment area;

[0040] Step 103: Based on the monitoring and assessment range of each monitoring station, the satellite situation data within the assessment area is filtered to obtain the satellite situation data of a certain monitoring station;

[0041] Step 104: Package the satellite situation data of the monitoring station according to the set time interval (the interval is adjustable, and is set to 30 seconds in this embodiment), and distribute the data packets as subject data to the corresponding monitoring station.

[0042] Following the above steps, calculations show that the central station's outbound bandwidth requirement can be reduced to within 7 Mbps, thus meeting the requirement for real-time satellite situation data distribution from the central station to each monitoring station. However, the distribution of satellite situation data from the central station to each monitoring station incurs network latency, and each monitoring station also experiences latency in receiving and processing the data. Therefore, the satellite situation data sent from the central station to each monitoring station cannot meet the requirements for real-time monitoring and assessment. By continuously broadcasting forecast satellite situation data to each monitoring station, and caching the received forecast data locally for later use, the real-time requirement for each station to obtain satellite situation data at any future time can be met.

[0043] Step 2: Each monitoring station receives the corresponding satellite situation data, adjusts the monitoring antenna to align with the target satellite based on the position of the target satellite and the position of the monitoring antenna, monitors the target satellite in the frequency band, obtains the evaluation index, and transmits the evaluation index to the central station.

[0044] Each monitoring station uses the standard BeiDou time system, ensuring time synchronization across the entire network.

[0045] The evaluation process for each monitoring site is as follows:

[0046] Step 201: Each monitoring station acquires satellite situation data within a set time period based on the monitoring and evaluation task parameters, caches the data, and generates a monitoring sequence based on the satellite's transit time and azimuth and elevation angles.

[0047] Step 202: During the monitoring process, the position of the target satellite at the current moment is obtained from the local cache according to the time frame, and the azimuth and elevation angles of the monitoring antenna relative to the target satellite are calculated in combination with the position of the monitoring antenna, and the monitoring antenna is adjusted to be aimed at the target satellite.

[0048] Step 203: Call the monitoring equipment to monitor the target satellite in the frequency band, obtain the evaluation index through the monitoring results such as frequency, bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio, etc., and transmit the evaluation index to the central station; the evaluation index includes evaluation site, evaluation time, frequency, bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio, theoretical channel capacity, satellite elevation angle, azimuth angle, satellite longitude, satellite latitude and satellite altitude, etc.

[0049] Step 3: The central station collects the evaluation index data of each monitoring station, displays it in real time, and performs comprehensive analysis and processing of the indicators of each monitoring station to generate communication service capability indicators, which are then displayed.

[0050] The satellite service capability display divides the Earth into a hexagonal grid with a radius of 22 km using the H3 algorithm, resulting in 288,122 hexagons. It shows grid coverage within a 100 km radius (configurable) of a specified location. Whether a grid is covered by satellite is determined by whether the elevation angle between the satellite and the center point of the hexagon is greater than or equal to 30 degrees; angles less than 30 degrees indicate that the hexagonal area is not covered. Based on calculations of the current station's overpass satellite activity, grid coverage can be plotted in real time. Greener grid colors indicate better coverage, while redder colors indicate poorer coverage and weaker terminal communication capabilities.

[0051] This invention calculates satellite positions (including longitude, latitude, and altitude) based on satellite ephemeris data. The system automatically calculates and stores this position information over a period of time as a file. The map loads this satellite position file to create satellite animation effects and allows for fast-forwarding of satellite movement, displaying satellite trajectories and coverage areas. The coverage area varies depending on the low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite; the system calculates the coverage area based on the satellite's parameter configuration. The map supports 2D and 3D displays, and clicking on a satellite icon displays its trajectory.

[0052] It should be understood that the above description of specific embodiments of the present invention is merely an exemplary description provided to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, and does not imply that the scope of protection of the present invention is limited to these specific examples. Those skilled in the art can obtain more specific embodiments without any creative effort by combining technical features, replacing some technical features, adding more technical features, etc., of the various examples listed in the present invention, provided that they have a full understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention. All of these specific embodiments are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, and therefore, these new specific embodiments should also be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for assessing the operational status and service capabilities of distributed low-Earth orbit satellites, characterized in that, The process includes the following: Step 1: The central station obtains ephemeris data from multiple backup redundant addresses, selects the latest ephemeris data to generate satellite status data, and distributes it to each monitoring station. Step 2: Each monitoring station receives the corresponding satellite situation data, adjusts the monitoring antenna to align with the target satellite based on the position of the target satellite and the position of the monitoring antenna, monitors the target satellite in the frequency band, obtains the evaluation index, and transmits the evaluation index to the central station. Step 3: The central station collects the evaluation index data of each monitoring station, displays it in real time, and performs comprehensive analysis and processing of the indicators of each monitoring station to generate communication service capability indicators, which are then displayed.

2. The method for assessing the operational status and service capabilities of distributed low-Earth orbit satellites according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 1 specifically includes the following steps: Step 101: The central station obtains ephemeris data based on multiple backup redundant addresses, and calculates the position data of all satellites at all times within a set future time period based on the latest ephemeris data, generating a satellite situation prediction list. Step 102: Filter the satellite situation prediction list according to the assessment area to generate satellite situation data within the assessment area; Step 103: Based on the monitoring and assessment range of each monitoring station, the satellite situation data within the assessment area is filtered to obtain the satellite situation data of a certain monitoring station; Step 104: Package the satellite situation data of the monitoring station according to the set time interval, and distribute the data packets as subject data to the corresponding monitoring station.

3. The method for assessing the operational status and service capabilities of distributed low-Earth orbit satellites according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 2 specifically includes the following steps: Step 201: Each monitoring station acquires satellite situation data within a set time period based on the monitoring and evaluation task parameters, caches the data, and generates a monitoring sequence based on the satellite's transit time and azimuth and elevation angles. Step 202: During the monitoring process, the position of the target satellite at the current moment is obtained from the local cache according to the time frame, and the azimuth and elevation angles of the monitoring antenna relative to the target satellite are calculated in combination with the position of the monitoring antenna, and the monitoring antenna is adjusted to be aimed at the target satellite. Step 203: Call the monitoring equipment to monitor the target satellite in the frequency band, obtain the evaluation index from the monitoring results data, and transmit the evaluation index to the central station; the evaluation index includes evaluation site, evaluation time, frequency, bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio, theoretical channel capacity, satellite elevation angle, azimuth angle, satellite longitude, satellite latitude and satellite altitude.

Images