A broadband omni-directional / conical beam pattern reconfigurable antenna

Abstract

This invention discloses a broadband omnidirectional / conical beam pattern reconfigurable antenna, comprising an upper dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate spaced apart. A first radiating patch and a second radiating patch are disposed on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate, and a third radiating patch and a fourth radiating patch are disposed on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate. One edge of the second radiating patch is connected to a second stripline. The first stripline is connected to the third radiating patch via a first short-circuit metal post, and the second stripline is connected to the fourth radiating patch via a second short-circuit metal post. A radio frequency switching diode is disposed between the stripline and the radiating patch. By reasonably controlling the switch, the radiating element and the feeding element can change their operating modes, and the antenna uses the radiating element of a patch antenna to achieve broadband, realizing both broadband omnidirectional mode and conical beam radiation mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mobile communication antennas, and in particular to a broadband omnidirectional / conical beam pattern reconfigurable antenna. Background Technology

[0002] In today's society, communication technology has become the cornerstone of social development. With the rapid development of technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G, more and more devices need to communicate, leading to the increasingly widespread use of antennas. According to data from the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT), the number of 5G base stations will reach 6.6 million. The construction of 6G base stations will be even more extensive. However, the cost of building new base stations and the energy consumption to maintain their operation are both economically and environmentally unfriendly. Therefore, effective methods are needed to achieve optimal communication quality. Smart beam-tunable antennas can improve communication channel utilization and reduce the number of base stations required by real-time adjustment of the main lobe.

[0003] While mobile devices bring convenience to people's lives, they also place new demands on wireless communication systems, namely, further improving communication quality, reducing channel interference, and increasing communication capacity. Reconfigurable antenna beam control offers flexibility, enabling the construction of the main lobe of the radiation pattern in the user direction and aligning the null direction with the interference source. This effectively improves communication capacity and expands radio coverage, making it an indispensable key technology in future mobile communication systems.

[0004] Most current reconfigurable antennas are reconfigurable in terms of antenna polarization or operating frequency, while reconfigurable antenna patterns, especially omnidirectional and conical beam patterns, are extremely rare. Existing omnidirectional / conical beam pattern reconfigurable antennas generally suffer from complex structures or narrow bandwidths, and those using fewer RF switches and with wider bandwidths (omnidirectional and conical beam patterns) are extremely rare. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a broadband omnidirectional / conical beam pattern reconfigurable antenna.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A broadband omnidirectional / conical beam pattern reconfigurable antenna includes an upper dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate spaced apart. A first radiating patch and a second radiating patch are disposed on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate, and a third radiating patch and a fourth radiating patch are disposed on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate. One edge of the first radiating patch is connected to a first stripline, and one edge of the second radiating patch is connected to a second stripline. The first stripline is connected to the third radiating patch through a first short-circuit metal post, and the second stripline is connected to the fourth radiating patch through a second short-circuit metal post.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a power supply unit, which includes a power supply strip and a power supply short-circuit metal pillar. The second radiating patch is connected to the inner core of the coaxial line, and the power supply strip is connected to the outer core of the coaxial line. The inner core of the coaxial line supplies power to the second radiating patch, and the coaxial line supplies power to the first radiating patch through the power supply strip and the power supply short-circuit metal pillar.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes four radio frequency (RF) switching diodes, namely a first RF switching diode, a second RF switching diode, a third RF switching diode, and a fourth RF switching diode. The first RF switching diode is loaded in the middle of the first stripline, the second RF switching diode is loaded in the middle of the second stripline, the third RF switching diode is loaded between the first short-circuited metal pillar and the third radiating patch, and the fourth RF switching diode is loaded between the second short-circuited metal pillar and the fourth radiating patch.

[0010] Furthermore, when the first, second, third, and fourth RF switching diodes are all off, the antenna achieves omnidirectional radiation mode; when the first and third RF switching diodes are on and the second and fourth RF switching diodes are off, the antenna achieves elevation-angle conical beam radiation mode; when the first and third RF switching diodes are off and the second and fourth RF switching diodes are on, the antenna achieves depression-angle conical beam radiation mode.

[0011] Furthermore, all four radiating patches are rectangular. The first radiating patch is located at -0.036λ0 from the origin, with a length of 0.230λ0 and a width of 0.180λ0. The second radiating patch is located at -0.055λ0 from the origin and at -0.018λ0 from the first radiating patch, with a length of 0.120λ0 and a width of 0.180λ0. The third radiating patch is located at 0.382λ0 from the origin and at 0.418λ0 from the first radiating patch, with a length of 0.240λ0 and a width of 0.07λ0. The fourth radiating patch is located at -0.396λ0 from the origin and at -0.324λ0 from the second radiating patch, with a length of 0.240λ0 and a width of 0.07λ0. λ0 is the wavelength in free space corresponding to the center frequency of 5.50 GHz.

[0012] Furthermore, the upper dielectric substrate has a length of 1.32λ0 and a width of 0.59λ0; the lower dielectric substrate has a length of 1.58λ0 and a width of 0.59λ0, where λ0 is the free space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of 5.5GHz.

[0013] Furthermore, the upper dielectric substrate is positioned above the lower dielectric substrate via four support pillars.

[0014] Furthermore, the height of the short-circuit metal column is 0.064λ0, and the radius is 0.064λ0.

[0015] Furthermore, the length of the feed strip is approximately 0.064λ0, and the width is approximately 0.064λ0.

[0016] Furthermore, the distances of the first short-circuit metal post and the second short-circuit metal post from the center feed point are 0.36λ0 and 0.39λ0, respectively, where λ0 is the free space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of 5.5GHz.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) The antenna has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture. It can effectively achieve broadband. By controlling the state of the RF switch diode, the antenna can achieve omnidirectional radiation characteristics and hammer beam radiation characteristics.

[0019] (2) The various operating modes of this antenna basically achieve full-band coverage of 5.15GHz-5.85GHz, which meets the requirements of simple structure, few radio frequency switching diodes used, and wide-band omnidirectional / conical beam reconfigurability. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a broadband omnidirectional / conical beam pattern reconfigurable antenna according to this embodiment;

[0021] Figure 2(a) is a front view of the reconstructed antenna in this embodiment;

[0022] Figure 2(b) is a schematic diagram of the bottom surface of the reconstructed antenna in this embodiment;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a bandwidth test diagram of the reconstructed antenna in this embodiment;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a gain test diagram of the reconstructed antenna in this embodiment;

[0025] Figure 5(a) is the radiation pattern of the xoz plane of the antenna in omnidirectional operation mode 1 of this embodiment at 5.2 GHz;

[0026] Figure 5(b) is the radiation pattern of the xoz plane of the antenna in omnidirectional operation mode 1 of this embodiment at 5.5 GHz;

[0027] Figure 5(c) is the radiation pattern of the xoz plane of the antenna in omnidirectional operation mode 1 of this embodiment at 5.8 GHz;

[0028] Figure 6(a) is the radiation pattern of the xoz plane of the antenna in the omnidirectional operation mode 2 of this embodiment at 5.2 GHz;

[0029] Figure 6(b) is the radiation pattern of the xoz plane of the antenna in omnidirectional operation mode 2 of this embodiment at 5.5 GHz;

[0030] Figure 6(c) is the radiation pattern of the xoz plane of the antenna in the omnidirectional operation mode 2 of this embodiment at 5.8 GHz;

[0031] Figure 7(a) is the radiation pattern of the xoz plane of the antenna in omnidirectional operation mode 3 of this embodiment at 5.2 GHz;

[0032] Figure 7(b) is the radiation pattern of the xoz plane of the antenna in omnidirectional operation mode 3 of this embodiment at 5.5 GHz;

[0033] Figure 7(c) is the radiation pattern of the xoz plane of the antenna in the omnidirectional operation mode 3 of this embodiment at 5.8 GHz.

[0034] The diagram shows:

[0035] 101-First radiating patch, 102-Second radiating patch, 103-Third radiating patch, 104-Fourth radiating patch, 201-First stripline, 202-Second stripline, 301-First short-circuit metal post, 302-Second short-circuit metal post, 4-Support post, 5-Coaxial cable, 601-Feed stripline, 602-Feed short-circuit metal post, 7-First RF switching diode, 8-Second RF switching diode, 9-Third RF switching diode, 10-Fourth RF switching diode. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown in Figures 2(a) and 2(b), a broadband omnidirectional / conical beam pattern reconfigurable antenna includes an upper dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate spaced apart. A first radiating patch 101 and a second radiating patch 102 are disposed on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate, and a third radiating patch 103 and a fourth radiating patch 104 are disposed on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate. One edge of the first radiating patch 101 is connected to a first stripline 201, and one edge of the second radiating patch 102 is connected to a second stripline 202. The first stripline 201 is connected to the third radiating patch 103 through a first short-circuit metal post 301, and the second stripline 202 is connected to the fourth radiating patch 104 through a second short-circuit metal post 302.

[0038] Specifically, the outer edges of the first and second radiating patches are located away from the center point of the upper dielectric substrate.

[0039] The inner edges of the third and fourth radiating patches are connected to the first and second short-circuit metal pillars, respectively. The inner edges are those closest to the center point of the upper dielectric substrate.

[0040] The dimensions and placement of the aforementioned radiating patches are as follows:

[0041] The first radiating patch is located at -0.036λ0 from the origin, with a length of 0.230λ0 and a width of 0.180λ0. The second radiating patch is located at -0.055λ0 from the origin and -0.018λ0 from the first radiating patch, with a length of 0.120λ0 and a width of 0.180λ0. The third radiating patch is located at 0.382λ0 from the origin and 0.418λ0 from the first radiating patch, with a length of 0.240λ0 and a width of 0.07λ0. The fourth radiating patch is located at -0.396λ0 from the origin and -0.324λ0 from the second radiating patch, with a length of 0.240λ0 and a width of 0.07λ0. λ0 is the wavelength in free space corresponding to the center frequency of 5.50 GHz.

[0042] The upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate are coaxially arranged, and the aforementioned distance is based on the center point of the upper dielectric substrate as the origin.

[0043] In this embodiment, the first and second radiating patches are arranged parallel to each other along the lateral direction of the upper dielectric substrate, and the first and second radiating patches are spaced apart by a certain distance. Viewed from top to bottom, the third and fourth radiating patches are disposed outside the first and second radiating patches.

[0044] In this embodiment, the lower dielectric substrate and the upper dielectric substrate have the same width but different lengths. Preferably, the lower dielectric substrate is longer than the upper dielectric substrate.

[0045] Furthermore, the first short-circuit metal post and the second short-circuit metal post are respectively located at the ends of the corresponding strip lines.

[0046] This embodiment also includes a power feeding unit, which includes a power feeding stripline 601 and a power feeding short-circuit metal pillar 602. The coaxial line 5 is located on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate. The second radiating patch is connected to the inner core of the coaxial line, and the power feeding stripline is connected to the outer core of the coaxial line. The inner core of the coaxial line powers the second radiating patch, and the coaxial line powers the first radiating patch through the power feeding stripline and the power feeding short-circuit metal pillar.

[0047] This embodiment also includes four radio frequency (RF) switching diodes: a first RF switching diode 7, a second RF switching diode 8, a third RF switching diode 9, and a fourth RF switching diode 10. The first RF switching diode 7 is loaded in the middle of the first stripline 201, the second RF switching diode 8 is loaded in the middle of the second stripline 202, the third RF switching diode 9 is loaded between the first short-circuit metal pillar 301 and the third radiating patch 103, and the fourth RF switching diode 10 is loaded between the second short-circuit metal pillar 302 and the fourth radiating patch 104.

[0048] Specifically, all four radiating patches are rectangular.

[0049] In this embodiment, the RF switching diode loaded between the striplines and at the bottom of the short-circuited metal pillars is key to achieving broadband reconfigurable omnidirectional / hammer beam patterns. By properly controlling the switch, the radiating and feeding elements can change their operating modes, and the antenna uses a patch antenna radiating element to achieve broadband, realizing both broadband omnidirectional and cone beam radiation modes.

[0050] The working process of the four RF switching diodes is as follows:

[0051] When the first and third RF switching diodes are turned on, and the second and fourth RF switching diodes are turned off, the antenna achieves an elevation-angle cone-shaped beam radiation mode.

[0052] When the first and third RF switching diodes are off, and the second and fourth RF switching diodes are on, the antenna achieves a cone-shaped beam radiation mode.

[0053] When the first and second RF switching diodes are applied between the left and right striplines of the upper dielectric substrate, respectively; the third RF switching diode is applied between the bottom of the left metal pillar and the left radiating patch of the lower dielectric substrate; and the fourth RF switching diode is applied between the bottom of the right metal pillar and the right radiating patch of the lower dielectric substrate; when all four RF switching diodes are off, the antenna operates in omnidirectional radiation mode; when the first and third RF switching diodes are on, and the second and fourth RF switching diodes are off, the antenna operates in elevation-angle conical beam radiation mode; when the first and third RF switching diodes are off, and the second and fourth RF switching diodes are on, the antenna operates in depression-angle conical beam radiation mode.

[0054] The preferred dimensions of each part in this embodiment are as follows:

[0055] The first radiating patch has a length of 0.23λ0 and a width of 0.18λ0, the second radiating patch has a length of 0.12λ0 and a width of 0.18λ0, the third radiating patch has a length of 0.24λ0 and a width of 0.07λ0, and the fourth radiating patch has a length of 0.24λ0 and a width of 0.07λ0, where λ0 is the wavelength in free space corresponding to the center frequency of 5.5 GHz.

[0056] The first strip has a length of 0.18λ0 and a width of 0.01λ0. The second strip has a length of 0.20λ0 and a width of 0.01λ0. Here, λ0 is the free-space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of 5.5 GHz.

[0057] The first and second short-circuit metal pillars are separated from the center feed point by approximately 0.36λ0 and 0.39λ0, respectively. The radius of the short-circuit metal pillar is approximately 0.007λ0, and the height is approximately 0.064λ0, where λ0 is the free space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of 5.5 GHz.

[0058] The upper and lower dielectric substrates are placed symmetrically around the center. The upper dielectric substrate has a length of 1.32λ0 and a width of 0.59λ0. The lower dielectric substrate has a length of 1.58λ0 and a width of 0.59λ0. Here, λ0 is the free space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of 5.5GHz.

[0059] The upper dielectric substrate is fixedly connected to the lower dielectric substrate by four support pillars.

[0060] The support column 4 is an insulated plastic column.

[0061] The height of the power supply short-circuit metal post is approximately 0.064λ0, and the radius is approximately 0.064λ0.

[0062] The length of the feed strip is approximately 0.064λ0, and the width is approximately 0.064λ0.

[0063] Figure 3 This embodiment demonstrates that the three modes meet the requirements of 5.15-5.85GHz.

[0064] Figure 4 This indicates that the gain in the three working modes of this embodiment is quite good, all above 1 dBi.

[0065] This invention employs an adjustable switching diode to achieve reconfigurable pitch angle in omnidirectional radiation mode. Figures 5(a)-5(c) , Figures 6(a)-6(c) and Figures 7(a)-7(c) This indicates that the present invention can achieve intelligent reconfigurability in three pitch angle states: omnidirectional working mode 1 (-30° tilt angle), omnidirectional working mode 2 (0° horizontal omnidirectional), and omnidirectional working mode 3 (30° elevation angle).

[0066] Figures 5(a)-5(c) , Figures 6(a)-6(c) and Figures 7(a)-7(c) Solid lines represent primary polarization, and dashed lines represent cross polarization.

[0067] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the embodiments described above. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wideband omni / tapered beam pattern reconfigurable antenna, characterized in that, The device includes an upper dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate spaced apart. The upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate is provided with a first radiating patch and a second radiating patch, and the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate is provided with a third radiating patch and a fourth radiating patch. One edge of the first radiating patch is connected to a first stripline, and one edge of the second radiating patch is connected to a second stripline. The first stripline is connected to the third radiating patch through a first short-circuit metal post, and the second stripline is connected to the fourth radiating patch through a second short-circuit metal post. It also includes a power supply unit, which includes a power supply strip and a power supply short-circuit metal pillar. The second radiating patch is connected to the inner core of the coaxial line, and the power supply strip is connected to the outer core of the coaxial line. The inner core of the coaxial line powers the second radiating patch, and the coaxial line powers the first radiating patch through the power supply strip and the power supply short-circuit metal pillar. It also includes four radio frequency switching diodes, namely a first radio frequency switching diode, a second radio frequency switching diode, a third radio frequency switching diode and a fourth radio frequency switching diode. The first radio frequency switching diode is loaded in the middle of the first stripline, the second radio frequency switching diode is loaded in the middle of the second stripline, the third radio frequency switching diode is loaded between the first short-circuited metal pillar and the third radiating patch, and the fourth radio frequency switching diode is loaded between the second short-circuited metal pillar and the fourth radiating patch. When the first, second, third, and fourth RF switching diodes are all off, the antenna operates in an omnidirectional radiation mode; when the first and third RF switching diodes are on and the second and fourth RF switching diodes are off, the antenna operates in an elevation-angle conical beam radiation mode; when the first and third RF switching diodes are off and the second and fourth RF switching diodes are on, the antenna operates in a depression-angle conical beam radiation mode.

2. The wideband omni / tapered beam pattern reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The four radiating patches are all rectangular. The first radiating patch is located at -0.036λ0 from the origin, with a length of 0.230λ0 and a width of 0.180λ0. The second radiating patch is located at -0.055λ0 from the origin and -0.018λ0 from the first radiating patch, with a length of 0.120λ0 and a width of 0.180λ0. The third radiating patch is located at 0.382λ0 from the origin and 0.418λ0 from the first radiating patch, with a length of 0.240λ0 and a width of 0.07λ0. The fourth radiating patch is located at -0.396λ0 from the origin and -0.324λ0 from the second radiating patch, with a length of 0.240λ0 and a width of 0.07λ0. λ0 is the wavelength in free space corresponding to the center frequency of 5.50 GHz.

3. The broadband omnidirectional / conical beam pattern reconfigurable antenna according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, The upper dielectric substrate has a length of 1.32λ0 and a width of 0.59λ0; the lower dielectric substrate has a length of 1.58λ0 and a width of 0.59λ0, where λ0 is the free space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of 5.5GHz.

4. The broadband omnidirectional / conical beam pattern reconfigurable antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upper dielectric substrate is positioned above the lower dielectric substrate by four support pillars.

5. The broadband omnidirectional / conical beam pattern reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the short-circuit metal column is 0.064λ0, and the radius is 0.064λ0.

6. The wideband omni / tapered-beam pattern reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The length of the feed strip is 0.064λ0, and the width is 0.064λ0.

7. The wideband omni / tapered-beam pattern reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distances of the first short-circuit metal post and the second short-circuit metal post from the center feed point are 0.36λ0 and 0.39λ0, respectively, where λ0 is the free space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of 5.5GHz.

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