An apparatus and method for lithium extraction from salt lakes

Abstract

This disclosure provides an apparatus and method for lithium extraction from salt lakes. The apparatus includes a power supply, a lithium extraction chamber, a delithiation chamber, and an electrolyte chamber. The method includes the following steps: (1) mixing delithiation material and electrolyte to form a delithiation slurry, and mixing lithium-intercalating material and lithium-containing salt lake brine to form a lithium-intercalating slurry; (2) injecting electrolyte into the electrolyte chamber, passing the delithiation slurry through the delithiation chamber, passing the lithium-intercalating slurry through the lithium extraction chamber, and applying electricity to carry out the lithium extraction reaction; (3) collecting the liquid flowing out of the lithium extraction chamber, filtering it, mixing it with electrolyte, and passing it through the delithiation chamber to continue the lithium extraction reaction, and collecting the liquid in the electrolyte chamber to obtain a lithium-rich solution. The apparatus for lithium extraction from salt lakes disclosed in this disclosure has a simple structure, and the method reduces the impurity removal pressure of the ion exchange membrane, extends the service life of the ion exchange membrane, and at the same time obtains a lithium-rich solution with a lower impurity concentration and better impurity removal effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of lithium extraction technology from salt lakes, and relates to an apparatus and a method for lithium extraction from salt lakes. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing consumption of non-renewable energy sources such as oil and coal, the development and utilization of new energy sources has become an inevitable trend. As a typical representative of new energy development and utilization, new energy vehicles have developed rapidly in recent years and will eventually surpass the market share of traditional fuel vehicles, gradually replacing them. Lithium, as an essential metal in new energy vehicles, is experiencing increased market demand. However, existing lithium mines are difficult to mine and cannot meet market demand. Besides lithium ore, brine, especially salt lake brine, contains abundant lithium resources, all existing in ionic form, which has a natural advantage compared to lithium extraction from ore.

[0003] In addition to lithium ions, brine also contains calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and other ions. In particular, magnesium ions and lithium ions are located on opposite sides of the periodic table and have similar properties, which restricts the development and utilization of lithium resources in salt lakes.

[0004] CN 102382984 A proposes a novel electrochemical deintercalation method for lithium extraction. This method utilizes delithiated lithium-ion cathode material as the electrode material, brine from a salt lake as the cathode electrolyte, and an electrolyte free of calcium and magnesium ions as the anolyte to achieve lithium extraction. However, this method uses a fixed electrode, which presents drawbacks such as operational difficulty and limited contact area between the electrode and the brine.

[0005] CN109487081A discloses a flow electrode lithium extraction unit device, but the proposed flow electrode lithium extraction unit device is relatively complex and the impurity removal pressure of the cation exchange membrane is high.

[0006] The lithium extraction method from salt lakes described above has problems such as high operational difficulty, complex equipment, or poor impurity removal effect, which limits its practical application. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The following is an overview of the subject matter described in detail herein. This overview is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0008] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide an apparatus and method for lithium extraction from salt lakes. The apparatus for lithium extraction from salt lakes described in this disclosure has a simple structure and does not require two separate devices for lithium extraction and delithiation. The method reduces the impurity removal pressure on the ion exchange membrane, extends the service life of the ion exchange membrane, and simultaneously produces a lithium-rich solution with a lower impurity concentration and better impurity removal effect.

[0009] To achieve this objective, the present disclosure adopts the following technical solution:

[0010] In a first aspect, this disclosure provides an apparatus for lithium extraction from salt lakes. The apparatus includes a power source, a lithium extraction chamber, a lithium removal chamber, and an electrolyte chamber. The electrolyte chamber is positioned between the lithium extraction chamber and the lithium removal chamber. An anion exchange membrane is disposed between the electrolyte chamber and the lithium extraction chamber. A monovalent cation exchange membrane is disposed between the electrolyte chamber and the lithium removal chamber. A baffle is disposed on the side of the lithium extraction chamber parallel to the direction of the anion exchange membrane and away from the electrolyte chamber. A baffle is disposed on the side of the lithium removal chamber parallel to the direction of the monovalent cation exchange membrane and away from the electrolyte chamber. No baffles are disposed on the sides of the lithium extraction chamber perpendicular to the direction of the anion exchange membrane, and no baffles are disposed on the sides of the lithium removal chamber perpendicular to the direction of the monovalent cation exchange membrane.

[0011] The apparatus described in this disclosure, during use, postpones the cation exchange membrane impurity removal step. First, the selective properties of the lithium ion sieve are used for primary impurity removal, followed by a secondary impurity removal using a monovalent cation exchange membrane. This reduces the impurity removal pressure on the cation exchange membrane and extends its service life. It eliminates the need for separate lithium extraction and delithiation devices, providing independent flow channels for brine and electrolyte, and avoids the need for extensive cleaning of the electrolytic cell when switching between brine and electrolyte.

[0012] In one embodiment, a cathode current collector is provided inside the lithium extraction chamber.

[0013] In one embodiment, the cathode current collector includes any one or a combination of at least two of aluminum foil, copper foil, nickel mesh, or nickel sheet.

[0014] In one embodiment, the cathode current collector is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply.

[0015] In one embodiment, the cathode current collector is not attached to the anion exchange membrane.

[0016] In one embodiment, an anode current collector is provided inside the delithiation chamber.

[0017] In one embodiment, the anode current collector includes any one or a combination of at least two of aluminum foil, copper foil, nickel mesh, or nickel sheet.

[0018] In one embodiment, the anode current collector is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply.

[0019] In one embodiment, the anode current collector is not attached to the monovalent cation exchange membrane.

[0020] In one embodiment, the material of the anion exchange membrane includes polystyrene, polypropylene, or polyamide.

[0021] In one embodiment, the components of the monovalent cation exchange membrane include an organic matrix and polypyrrole.

[0022] In one embodiment, the organic base material includes any one or a combination of at least two of polytetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, styrene-butadiene rubber, polyaniline, or polyacrylonitrile.

[0023] In a second aspect, this disclosure provides a method for lithium extraction from salt lakes, the method using the apparatus described in the first aspect, the method comprising the following steps:

[0024] (1) The delithiation material and electrolyte are mixed to form a delithiation flow slurry, and the lithium intercalation material and lithium-containing salt lake brine are mixed to form a lithium intercalation flow slurry;

[0025] (2) Inject the electrolyte into the electrolyte chamber, connect the cathode current collector to the negative terminal of the power supply, connect the anode current collector to the positive terminal of the power supply, flow the delithiation slurry through the delithiation chamber, flow the lithium intercalation slurry through the lithium extraction chamber, and energize to carry out the lithium extraction reaction.

[0026] (3) Collect the liquid flowing out of the lithium extraction chamber, filter it, mix it with the electrolyte and flow it through the delithiation chamber to continue the lithium extraction reaction, and collect the liquid in the electrolyte chamber to obtain a lithium-rich solution.

[0027] In the lithium extraction method from salt lakes disclosed in this invention, the salt lake brine and the lithium-intercalated active material are in the same chamber, without separation by a cation exchange membrane. The first step of impurity removal is performed using the selectivity of a lithium ion sieve. The electrolyte and salt lake brine are separated by an anion exchange membrane to ensure that cations from the brine do not enter the electrolyte. A portion of the electrolyte and the delithiated active material are in the delithiation chamber, while another portion of the electrolyte is separated from the active material by a monovalent cation exchange membrane. The delithiated active material delithiates lithium in the electrolyte, transforming the electrolyte in the delithiation chamber into a lithium-rich solution. Under the influence of potential, lithium ions move through the monovalent cation exchange membrane towards the anode and enter the electrolyte in the intermediate chamber. However, they are blocked by the anion exchange membrane and do not enter the brine tank, thus obtaining a pure lithium-rich solution.

[0028] In one embodiment, the active material in the delithiation material of step (1) includes any one or a combination of at least two of lithium titanate, lithium iron phosphate, or lithium manganese oxide in a lithium-rich state.

[0029] In one embodiment, the solute in the electrolyte includes any one or a combination of at least two of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium nitrate, or potassium nitrate.

[0030] In one embodiment, the active material in the lithium intercalation material includes any one or a combination of at least two of lithium titanate, lithium iron phosphate, or lithium manganese oxide in a lithium-poor state.

[0031] The lithium-poor state described in this disclosure refers to the state of lithium titanate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, etc. after the removal of lithium ions, while the lithium-rich state refers to the state of lithium titanate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, etc. after the removal of lithium ions and the insertion of lithium ions.

[0032] In one embodiment, both the delithiation material and the lithium insertion material in step (1) contain a conductive agent.

[0033] In one embodiment, the conductive agent includes any one or a combination of at least two of conductive carbon black, conductive acetylene black, graphene, or carbon nanotubes.

[0034] In one embodiment, the mass ratio of active material to conductive agent in the delithiation material and the lithium insertion material is (85-95):(5-15), for example: 85:15, 88:12, 90:10, 92:7 or 95:5, etc.

[0035] In one embodiment, the solid content of the delithiation flow slurry and the lithium insertion flow slurry in step (1) is 10% to 50%, for example: 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or 50%, etc.

[0036] In one embodiment, the concentration of the electrolyte in step (2) is 0.3 to 2 mol / L, for example: 0.3 mol / L, 0.5 mol / L, 1 mol / L, 1.5 mol / L or 2 mol / L, etc.

[0037] In one embodiment, the concentration of the electrolyte in the electrolyte chamber is lower than the concentration of the electrolyte in the delithiation chamber.

[0038] In one embodiment, the flow rate of the delithiation flow slurry and the lithium insertion flow slurry in step (2) is 1 to 5 mL / min, for example: 1 mL / min, 2 mL / min, 3 mL / min, 4 mL / min or 5 mL / min, etc.

[0039] In one embodiment, the voltage applied in step (2) is 0.1 to 1.5V, for example: 0.1V, 0.5V, 1V, 1.2V or 1.5V, etc.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, this disclosure has the following beneficial effects:

[0041] (1) The lithium extraction device from salt lakes described in this disclosure has a simple structure, does not require two separate devices for lithium extraction and delithiation, has independent flow channels for brine and electrolyte, and does not require extensive cleaning of the electrolytic cell when switching brine / electrolyte, thus having a promising application prospect.

[0042] (2) The method for lithium extraction from salt lakes described in this disclosure not only simplifies the equipment used, but also reduces the impurity removal pressure of the ion exchange membrane and extends the service life of the ion exchange membrane. At the same time, the impurity concentration in the lithium-rich solution (electrolyte in the electrolyte chamber) is lower and the impurity removal effect is better.

[0043] (3) The initial lithium-ion extraction efficiency of the method for lithium extraction from salt lakes described in this disclosure can reach above 70 μmol / min, and the lithium-ion extraction efficiency remains above 64 μmol / min after 48 hours. After 48 hours, the lithium-ion extraction efficiency decreases but remains below 7 μmol / min, proving that the method described in this disclosure places less pressure on the ion exchange membrane and extends the membrane's lifespan. Simultaneously, this application obtains Mg from the electrolyte... 2+ The ion concentration can reach below 0.015 g / L, and the impurity content is low.

[0044] After reading and understanding the accompanying diagrams and detailed descriptions, the other aspects can be understood. Attached Figure Description

[0045] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the technical solutions in this paper and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of this application to explain the technical solutions in this paper and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions in this paper.

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an apparatus used for lithium extraction from salt lakes according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 1-Delithiation flow slurry, 2-baffle, 3-current collector, 4-anion exchange membrane, 5-cation exchange membrane, 6-lithium intercalation flow slurry. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solutions of this disclosure will be further illustrated below through specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments described are merely illustrative of this disclosure and should not be construed as specific limitations thereof.

[0048] A schematic diagram of the apparatus used for lithium extraction from salt lakes according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, where:

[0049] 1 is the delithiation flow slurry, 2 is the baffle, 3 is the current collector, 4 is the anion exchange membrane (material is polystyrene), 5 is the cation exchange membrane (polytetrafluoroethylene as the base material and polypyrrole), and 6 is the lithium intercalation flow slurry.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] This embodiment provides a method for lithium extraction from salt lakes, the method comprising the following steps:

[0052] (1) A lithium-rich lithium manganese oxide and conductive carbon black are mixed at a mass ratio of 93:7 to obtain a delithiation material, and a lithium-poor lithium manganese oxide and conductive carbon black are mixed at a mass ratio of 93:7 to obtain a delithiation and insertion material. The delithiation material and electrolyte (0.8 mol / L sodium chloride solution) are mixed to prepare a delithiation slurry, and the insertion material and lithium-containing salt lake brine are mixed to prepare an insertion slurry. The solid content of both the delithiation slurry and the insertion slurry is 40%.

[0053] (2) Inject sodium chloride with a concentration of 0.4 mol / L into the electrolyte chamber, connect the cathode current collector to the negative terminal of the power supply, and connect the anode current collector to the positive terminal of the power supply (both cathode and anode current collectors use nickel sheets), flow the delithiation slurry through the delithiation chamber at a flow rate of 2 mL / min, flow the lithium intercalation slurry through the lithium extraction chamber at a flow rate of 2 mL / min, and apply a voltage of 1.2V to carry out the lithium extraction reaction;

[0054] (3) Collect the liquid flowing out of the lithium extraction chamber, filter it, mix it with the electrolyte and flow it through the delithiation chamber to continue the lithium extraction reaction, and collect the liquid in the electrolyte chamber to obtain a lithium-rich solution.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] This embodiment provides a method for lithium extraction from salt lakes, the method comprising the following steps:

[0057] (1) A lithium-rich lithium manganese oxide and conductive acetylene black are mixed at a mass ratio of 95:5 to obtain a delithiation material, and a lithium-poor lithium manganese oxide and conductive acetylene black are mixed at a mass ratio of 95:5 to obtain a delithiation and insertion material. The delithiation material and an electrolyte (0.6 mol / L sodium chloride solution) are mixed to prepare a delithiation slurry, and the insertion material and lithium-containing brine are mixed to prepare an insertion slurry. The solid content of both the delithiation slurry and the insertion slurry is 40%.

[0058] (2) Inject sodium chloride with a concentration of 0.4 mol / L into the electrolyte chamber, connect the cathode current collector to the negative terminal of the power supply, and connect the anode current collector to the positive terminal of the power supply (both cathode and anode current collectors use nickel sheets), flow the delithiation slurry through the delithiation chamber at a flow rate of 2 mL / min, flow the lithium intercalation slurry through the lithium extraction chamber at a flow rate of 4 mL / min, and apply a voltage of 1.2V to carry out the lithium extraction reaction;

[0059] (3) Collect the liquid flowing out of the lithium extraction chamber, filter it, mix it with the electrolyte and flow it through the delithiation chamber to continue the lithium extraction reaction, and collect the liquid in the electrolyte chamber to obtain a lithium-rich solution.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] This embodiment provides a method for lithium extraction from salt lakes, the method comprising the following steps:

[0062] (1) A lithium-rich lithium manganese oxide and conductive carbon black are mixed at a mass ratio of 90:10 to obtain a delithiation material, and a lithium-poor lithium manganese oxide and conductive carbon black are mixed at a mass ratio of 90:10 to obtain a delithiation and insertion material. The delithiation material and electrolyte (0.6 mol / L sodium chloride solution) are mixed to prepare a delithiation slurry, and the insertion material and lithium-containing salt lake brine are mixed to prepare an insertion slurry. The solid content of both the delithiation slurry and the insertion slurry is 40%.

[0063] (2) Inject 0.4 mol / L sodium chloride into the electrolyte chamber, connect the cathode current collector to the negative terminal of the power supply, and connect the anode current collector to the positive terminal of the power supply (both cathode and anode current collectors use nickel sheets), flow the delithiation slurry through the delithiation chamber at a flow rate of 1 mL / min, flow the lithium intercalation slurry through the lithium extraction chamber at a flow rate of 4 mL / min, and apply a voltage of 1.2V to carry out the lithium extraction reaction;

[0064] (3) Collect the liquid flowing out of the lithium extraction chamber, filter it, mix it with the electrolyte and flow it through the delithiation chamber to continue the lithium extraction reaction, and collect the liquid in the electrolyte chamber to obtain a lithium-rich solution.

[0065] Example 4

[0066] This embodiment provides a method for lithium extraction from salt lakes, the method comprising the following steps:

[0067] (1) A lithium-rich lithium manganese oxide and graphene are mixed at a mass ratio of 85:15 to obtain a delithiation material, and a lithium-poor lithium manganese oxide and graphene are mixed at a mass ratio of 85:15 to obtain a delithiation and insertion material. The delithiation material and electrolyte (0.6 mol / L sodium chloride solution) are mixed to prepare a delithiation slurry, and the insertion material and lithium-containing brine are mixed to prepare an insertion slurry. The solid content of both the delithiation slurry and the insertion slurry is 40%.

[0068] (2) Inject 0.4 mol / L sodium chloride into the electrolyte chamber, connect the cathode current collector to the negative terminal of the power supply, and connect the anode current collector to the positive terminal of the power supply (both cathode and anode current collectors use nickel sheets), flow the delithiation slurry through the delithiation chamber at a flow rate of 2 mL / min, flow the lithium intercalation slurry through the lithium extraction chamber at a flow rate of 5 mL / min, and apply a voltage of 1.2V to carry out the lithium extraction reaction;

[0069] (3) Collect the liquid flowing out of the lithium extraction chamber, filter it, mix it with the electrolyte and flow it through the delithiation chamber to continue the lithium extraction reaction, and collect the liquid in the electrolyte chamber to obtain a lithium-rich solution.

[0070] Example 5

[0071] This embodiment provides a method for lithium extraction from salt lakes, the method comprising the following steps:

[0072] (1) A lithium-rich lithium manganese oxide and carbon nanotubes are mixed at a mass ratio of 93:7 to obtain a delithiation material, and a lithium-poor lithium manganese oxide and carbon nanotubes are mixed at a mass ratio of 93:7 to obtain a delithiation and insertion material. The delithiation material and electrolyte (0.6 mol / L sodium chloride solution) are mixed to prepare a delithiation slurry, and the insertion material and lithium-containing brine are mixed to prepare an insertion slurry. The solid content of both the delithiation slurry and the insertion slurry is 40%.

[0073] (2) Inject 0.4 mol / L sodium chloride into the electrolyte chamber, connect the cathode current collector to the negative terminal of the power supply, and connect the anode current collector to the positive terminal of the power supply (both cathode and anode current collectors use nickel sheets), flow the delithiation slurry through the delithiation chamber at a flow rate of 2 mL / min, flow the lithium intercalation slurry through the lithium extraction chamber at a flow rate of 5 mL / min, and apply a voltage of 0.5V to carry out the lithium extraction reaction;

[0074] (3) Collect the liquid flowing out of the lithium extraction chamber, filter it, mix it with the electrolyte and flow it through the delithiation chamber to continue the lithium extraction reaction, and collect the liquid in the electrolyte chamber to obtain a lithium-rich solution.

[0075] Example 6

[0076] This embodiment provides a method for lithium extraction from salt lakes, the method comprising the following steps:

[0077] (1) A lithium-rich lithium manganese oxide and conductive carbon black are mixed at a mass ratio of 93:7 to obtain a delithiation material, and a lithium-poor lithium manganese oxide and conductive carbon black are mixed at a mass ratio of 93:7 to obtain a delithiation and insertion material. The delithiation material and electrolyte (0.6 mol / L sodium chloride solution) are mixed to prepare a delithiation slurry, and the insertion material and lithium-containing salt lake brine are mixed to prepare an insertion slurry. The solid content of both the delithiation slurry and the insertion slurry is 40%.

[0078] (2) Inject 0.4 mol / L sodium chloride into the electrolyte chamber, connect the cathode current collector to the negative terminal of the power supply, and connect the anode current collector to the positive terminal of the power supply (both cathode and anode current collectors use nickel sheets), flow the delithiation slurry through the delithiation chamber at a flow rate of 2 mL / min, flow the lithium intercalation slurry through the lithium extraction chamber at a flow rate of 5 mL / min, and apply a voltage of 1.5V to carry out the lithium extraction reaction;

[0079] (3) Collect the liquid flowing out of the lithium extraction chamber, filter it, mix it with the electrolyte and flow it through the delithiation chamber to continue the lithium extraction reaction, and collect the liquid in the electrolyte chamber to obtain a lithium-rich solution.

[0080] Example 7

[0081] The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the concentration of electrolyte in both the electrolyte chamber and the delithiation chamber is 0.5 mol / L. All other conditions and parameters are exactly the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0082] Comparative Example 1

[0083] This comparative example uses the flowing electrode lithium extraction unit of CN 109487081A for lithium extraction.

[0084] Performance testing:

[0085] The lithium ion extraction efficiency was calculated based on the rate of change of lithium ions in the electrolyte chamber measured by ICP. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0086] Table 1

[0087]

[0088] As shown in Table 1, as obtained from Examples 1-6, the initial lithium-ion extraction efficiency of the lithium extraction method from salt lakes described in this disclosure can reach above 70 μmol / min. After 48 hours, the lithium-ion extraction efficiency remains above 64 μmol / min, and the decrease in lithium-ion extraction efficiency after 48 hours remains below 7 μmol / min. This demonstrates that the method described in this disclosure places less pressure on the ion exchange membrane, thus extending the membrane's lifespan. Simultaneously, this application obtains Mg from the electrolyte... 2+ The ion concentration can reach below 0.015 g / L, and the impurity content is low.

[0089] A comparison of Examples 1 and 7 shows that in the method for lithium extraction from salt lakes disclosed in this invention, the concentration of the electrolyte in the electrolyte chamber must be lower than the concentration of the electrolyte in the delithiation chamber, so that the solutions in the delithiation chamber and the electrolyte chamber form a concentration gradient. Driven by the concentration gradient, lithium ions in the delithiation chamber can pass through the ion exchange membrane and immerse in the electrolyte, thereby achieving lithium enrichment (sodium ions will also immerse in the electrolyte, which can be removed by simple methods in the subsequent process).

[0090] As can be seen from the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the method described in this disclosure not only simplifies the device used, but also reduces the impurity removal pressure of the ion exchange membrane, extends the service life of the ion exchange membrane, and at the same time achieves a lower impurity concentration in the lithium-rich solution (electrolyte in the electrolyte chamber) and a better impurity removal effect.

Claims

1. A method for lithium extraction from a salt lake, the method using a lithium extraction apparatus for salt lakes; The method includes the following steps: (1) The delithiation material and electrolyte are mixed to form a delithiation flow slurry, and the lithium intercalation material and lithium-containing salt lake brine are mixed to form a lithium intercalation flow slurry; (2) Inject the electrolyte into the electrolyte chamber, connect the cathode current collector to the negative terminal of the power supply, connect the anode current collector to the positive terminal of the power supply, flow the delithiation slurry through the delithiation chamber, and flow the lithium intercalation slurry through the lithium extraction chamber, and energize to carry out the lithium extraction reaction. (3) Collect the liquid flowing out of the lithium extraction chamber, filter it, mix it with the electrolyte and flow it through the delithiation chamber to continue the lithium extraction reaction, and collect the liquid in the electrolyte chamber to obtain a lithium-rich solution. The device includes a power supply, a lithium extraction chamber, a lithium removal chamber, and an electrolyte chamber. The electrolyte chamber is located between the lithium extraction chamber and the lithium removal chamber. An anion exchange membrane is disposed between the electrolyte chamber and the lithium extraction chamber, and a monovalent cation exchange membrane is disposed between the electrolyte chamber and the lithium removal chamber. A baffle is disposed on the side of the lithium extraction chamber parallel to the anion exchange membrane and away from the electrolyte chamber. A baffle is disposed on the side of the lithium removal chamber parallel to the monovalent cation exchange membrane and away from the electrolyte chamber. No baffles are disposed on the sides of the lithium extraction chamber perpendicular to the anion exchange membrane, and no baffles are disposed on the sides of the lithium removal chamber perpendicular to the monovalent cation exchange membrane.

2. The method as described in claim 1, wherein, The lithium extraction chamber is equipped with a cathode current collector.

3. The method as described in claim 2, wherein, The cathode current collector includes any one or a combination of at least two of the following: aluminum foil, copper foil, nickel mesh, or nickel sheet.

4. The method as described in claim 2, wherein the cathode current collector is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply.

5. The method as described in claim 1, wherein the cathode current collector is not attached to the anion exchange membrane.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, An anode current collector is installed inside the delithiation chamber.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein, The anode current collector includes any one or a combination of at least two of the following: aluminum foil, copper foil, nickel mesh, or nickel sheet.

8. The method as described in claim 6, wherein the anode current collector is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the anode current collector is not attached to the monovalent cation exchange membrane.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein, The materials of the anion exchange membrane include polystyrene, polypropylene, or polyamide.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the components of the monovalent cation exchange membrane include an organic matrix and polypyrrole.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the organic base material comprises any one or a combination of at least two of polytetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, styrene-butadiene rubber, polyaniline, or polyacrylonitrile.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein, The active material in the delithiation material in step (1) includes any one or a combination of at least two of lithium titanate, lithium iron phosphate or lithium manganese oxide in lithium-rich state.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein the solute in the electrolyte comprises any one or a combination of at least two of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium nitrate, or potassium nitrate.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein the active material in the lithium intercalation material comprises any one or a combination of at least two of lithium titanate, lithium iron phosphate, or lithium manganese oxide in a lithium-poor state.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein, Both the delithiation material and the lithium insertion material mentioned in step (1) contain conductive agents.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the conductive agent comprises any one or a combination of at least two of conductive carbon black, conductive acetylene black, graphene, or carbon nanotubes.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the mass ratio of active material to conductive agent in the delithiation material and the lithium insertion material is (85~95):(5~15).

19. The method according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein, The solid content of the delithiation flow slurry and the lithium insertion flow slurry in step (1) is 10~50%.

20. The method according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein, The concentration of the electrolyte in step (2) is 0.3~2 mol / L.

21. The concentration of electrolyte in the electrolyte chamber of the method according to any one of claims 1-12 is lower than the concentration of electrolyte in the delithiation chamber.

22. The method according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein, The flow rates of the delithiation slurry and the lithium insertion slurry in step (2) are 1~5 mL / min.

23. The method according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein, The voltage applied in step (2) is 0.1~1.5V.

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