Battery monitoring system, battery and electric device

Abstract

The application relates to the field of batteries (100), in particular to a battery monitoring system (30), a battery (100) and a power utilization device (1000), wherein the battery monitoring system (30) can comprehensively monitor abnormal conditions of each battery cell module (20) in the battery (100) through the main monitoring component (31) and N sensing components (32) under the condition that the main monitoring component (31) is woken up. Under the condition that the main monitoring component (31) is in sleep, the N sensing components (32) periodically monitor the abnormality, and the power consumption is low. When any one sensing component (32) monitors the abnormality, the subsequent sensing components (32) can be woken up in reverse through a serial communication network, and then the main monitoring component (31) is woken up through the last sensing component (32), so that comprehensive monitoring and abnormal fault reporting can be realized. Therefore, the battery monitoring system (30) can also realize real-time monitoring of the safety of the battery (100) under the condition of sleep.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of batteries, specifically to a battery monitoring system, a battery, and an electrical device. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of green energy, batteries are being used more and more widely, especially in the emerging fields of new energy vehicles, information appliances, and photovoltaic power generation in recent years. Batteries are used as important energy storage and power supply devices, for example, to power new energy vehicles or terminal devices, and to store energy for solar panels.

[0003] To increase battery capacity, the battery comprises multiple cell modules connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof, with each cell module comprising multiple cells connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof. The battery may also include other structures, such as busbars for electrical connections between multiple cells, or wire harness isolation assemblies for connecting cells in series or parallel, and for mounting and securing sampling lines.

[0004] In addition to the basic structure described above, a battery also includes a Battery Management System (BMS). The BMS is a protection and management unit specifically designed for batteries. It applies power supply control algorithms to drive loads such as engines, measures electrical characteristics such as current and voltage, performs charge / discharge control, voltage equalization control, status of charge (SOC) assessment, and anomaly detection. However, when the electrical device is in sleep mode, the battery's BMS also enters a sleep state, meaning it cannot perform 24-hour real-time monitoring, resulting in inaccurate reporting of abnormal faults. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, this application provides a battery monitoring system, a battery and a power device. The battery monitoring system can monitor the battery in real time 24 hours a day under low power consumption. When an abnormality is detected, the entire battery monitoring system can be automatically woken up to perform comprehensive monitoring.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a battery monitoring system, including a main monitoring component and N sensing components connected via a serial communication network. The N sensing components are used to periodically monitor whether a corresponding battery cell module has malfunctioned, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. If the i-th sensing component detects an malfunction in the corresponding battery cell module, the i-th sensing component sends a wake-up signal through the serial communication network, thereby waking up the sensing components after the i-th sensing component on the serial communication network sequentially, and waking up the main monitoring component through the Nth awakened sensing component, where 1 ≤ i ≤ N.

[0007] In the above embodiments of this application, for the battery monitoring system, when the main monitoring component is awake, the main monitoring component and N sensing components can jointly monitor the abnormal conditions of each cell module in the battery from all angles. When the main monitoring component is in sleep mode, the N sensing components periodically monitor for abnormalities, resulting in low power consumption. When any sensing component detects an abnormality, it can sequentially wake up the subsequent sensing components through a serial communication network, and then wake up the main monitoring component through the last sensing component to perform comprehensive monitoring and report the abnormal fault. Thus, the battery monitoring system can monitor battery safety in real time with low power consumption even when in sleep mode.

[0008] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the aforementioned serial communication network employs daisy-chain communication.

[0009] In the above embodiments of this application, the serial communication network adopts daisy-chain communication, that is, the main monitoring component and N sensing components are connected in a daisy chain to facilitate the transmission of wake-up signals. When a sensing component sends a wake-up signal to the serial communication network, the other components can be woken up in sequence.

[0010] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the main monitoring component includes a first pin and a second pin, which are respectively connected to a serial communication network. The first pin is used to send a wake-up signal, and the second pin is used to receive a wake-up signal. A sensing component includes a third pin and a fourth pin, which are respectively connected to a serial communication network. The third pin is used to receive a wake-up signal, and the fourth pin is used to send a wake-up signal.

[0011] In the above embodiments of this application, the main monitoring component and each sensing component are connected via pins and daisy-chains to form serial communication. This structure is simple and does not have special requirements for the interfaces of the main monitoring component and each sensing component, thus possessing strong universal applicability. For example, when the main monitoring component is a BMS and the sensing component is a barometric pressure sensor, most BMSs and barometric pressure sensors on the market can be connected via their own pins and daisy-chains.

[0012] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the main monitoring component and the N sensing components are also connected via a parallel communication network. The main monitoring component sends coded coordination information to the parallel communication network, and the N sensing components encode identifiers according to the coded coordination information.

[0013] In the above embodiments of this application, the main monitoring component and N sensing components are also connected via a parallel communication network. During the initialization phase of the battery monitoring system, the main monitoring component can send coding coordination information to the parallel communication network, and the N sensing components encode identifiers according to the coding coordination information, thereby achieving automated coding and eliminating the need for offline testing and calibration processes.

[0014] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the main monitoring component sends coded coordination information to the parallel communication network, and also sends a wake-up signal to the serial communication network. The i-th sensing component receives the wake-up signal and is awakened. After being awakened, the i-th sensing component encodes an identifier based on the coded coordination information and the identifier information in the parallel communication network, and sends the i-th identifier information to the parallel communication network, as well as sending the wake-up signal to the serial communication network, so that the sensing components after the i-th sensing component are sequentially awakened and encode identifiers based on the coded coordination information and the identifier information in the parallel communication network.

[0015] In the above embodiments of this application, during the initialization phase of the battery monitoring system, the main monitoring component sends coding coordination information to the parallel communication network and sends a wake-up signal to the serial communication network, so that N sensing components are woken up in sequence and perform identifier encoding according to the coding coordination information and the identifier information in the parallel communication network, thereby realizing automated encoding, which is simple and convenient and does not require additional settings.

[0016] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the encoded coordination information includes the number N of sensing components and the numerical range. The first sensing component after being woken up uses the starting value of the numerical range as its own identifier. The j-th sensing component after being woken up increments the identifier of the (j-1)-th sensing component by 1 and uses it as its own identifier, where 2≤j≤N.

[0017] In the above embodiments of this application, N sensing components are activated sequentially. During encoding, the identifier is incremented by 1 sequentially, so that the identifier will not be repeated and the encoding process is simple and not prone to errors.

[0018] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, after N sensing components complete identifier encoding, the main monitoring component checks whether the number of identifier information in the parallel communication network matches the number of sensing components N. If they do not match, the encoding is determined to have failed, and a wake-up signal is resent to the serial communication network so that the N sensing components can re-encode the identifier. If encoding fails for a preset number of consecutive times, the main monitoring component determines that an automatic encoding failure has occurred.

[0019] In the above embodiments of this application, after the Nth sensor component is encoded, the main monitoring component verifies whether the entire system has been successfully encoded by comparing the number of identifier information in the parallel communication network with the number of sensor components. If the encoding fails for a preset number of consecutive times, an automatic encoding fault is reported, making the encoding process more intelligent and preventing encoding failure due to accidental interference factors, thus improving reliability.

[0020] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, if the main monitoring component does not receive a wake-up signal from the Nth sensor component, it determines that the serial communication network has failed. If the main monitoring component receives a wake-up signal from the Nth sensor component and detects that the number of identifiers in the parallel communication network does not match the number of sensor components N, it determines that the parallel communication network has failed.

[0021] In the above embodiments of this application, communication faults can be located by checking whether the Nth sensing component sends a wake-up signal and whether the number of identifiers in the parallel communication network matches the number of sensing components, which facilitates maintenance by operators.

[0022] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the parallel communication network is a controller area network.

[0023] In the above embodiments of this application, a controller local area network is used to connect the main monitoring component and each sensing component in parallel communication, so that the signals sent by each component can be transmitted in real time.

[0024] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the main monitoring component further includes a fifth pin and a sixth pin, the fifth pin being connected to a first communication line in the parallel communication network, and the sixth pin being connected to a second communication line in the parallel communication network. A sensing component further includes a seventh pin and an eighth pin, the seventh pin being connected to the first communication line, and the eighth pin being connected to the second communication line.

[0025] In the embodiments described above in this application, parallel communication is formed by connecting pins and the CAN bus. The structure is simple and has no special requirements for the interfaces of the main monitoring component and each sensing component, thus possessing strong universal applicability. For example, when the main monitoring component is a BMS and the sensing component is a barometric pressure sensor, most BMSs and barometric pressure sensors on the market can be connected to the CAN bus through their own pins.

[0026] Secondly, this application provides a battery, including the battery monitoring system described in the first aspect and N cell modules, a sensing component disposed in a cell module, and a main monitoring component including a BMS.

[0027] In the above embodiments of this application, the battery monitoring system can monitor the battery in real time 24 hours a day under low power consumption. When an abnormality is detected, the entire battery monitoring system can be automatically woken up to perform comprehensive monitoring, making the battery more reliable and safer.

[0028] Secondly, this application provides an electrical device including the battery described in the second aspect.

[0029] In the above embodiments of this application, based on the reliable and safe characteristics of the battery, the electrical device can reduce losses caused by battery failure.

[0030] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electric vehicle in some embodiments of this application;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the battery structure in some embodiments of this application;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the battery monitoring system in some embodiments of this application;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the battery monitoring system in some embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0037] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0038] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0039] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0040] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0041] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0042] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0043] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0044] During charging, a battery converts electrical energy into chemical energy, and during discharging, it converts chemical energy back into electrical energy. This allows for the mutual conversion of energy without producing environmentally polluting byproducts, offering advantages such as energy conservation and environmental friendliness. Furthermore, batteries are readily applicable to a wide range of products. In some embodiments, they are used in portable devices (such as mobile phones) to power them. In other embodiments, batteries can be used in electric vehicles (EVs) or hybrid vehicles (HVs) to power them and reduce carbon emissions. In still other embodiments, batteries can be used in energy storage systems, such as in photovoltaic power generation, to store energy for solar panels.

[0045] Generally, a battery comprises multiple cell modules connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof, with each cell module comprising multiple cells connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof. A battery may also include other structures, such as busbars for electrical connections between multiple cells, or wire harness isolation assemblies for connecting cells in series or parallel, or for mounting and securing sampling lines.

[0046] The battery also includes a Battery Management System (BMS), which is responsible for monitoring the operating status of each cell module within the battery, ensuring the safe and reliable operation of each cell module. The BMS can monitor and collect internal and external status parameters of each cell module in real time (including but not limited to voltage, temperature, current, air pressure, gas, or smoke), perform necessary analysis and calculations on these parameters to obtain more system status assessment parameters, and effectively manage the battery according to specific protection and control strategies, ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the entire battery. Simultaneously, the BMS can interact with other external devices (such as fire suppression systems) through its communication interface and analog / digital input / output interface to form a coordinated control system, ensuring the safe and reliable operation of battery-powered electrical devices.

[0047] The inventors of this application have noticed that when the electrical device goes into hibernation mode, the battery's BMS also enters hibernation mode, meaning that it cannot monitor the battery in real time for 24 hours, resulting in the inability to accurately report abnormal faults.

[0048] For example, when the electrical device is an electric vehicle, most of the electronic control units (ECUs) should be powered off in the sleep state. Some ECUs that receive external wake-up signals remain in a wake-up detection state and require a power connection. In electric vehicles, an additional lead-acid battery (outputting a low voltage, such as 12V) typically powers the ignition system and some ECUs for a short period when the electric drive system starts. Once the electric vehicle starts, the electric drive system converts the electrical energy from the battery (i.e., the battery mentioned above, including the BMS, outputting a high voltage, such as 300V-600V) into mechanical energy to propel the vehicle. After the electric vehicle starts, the battery powers the vehicle and also charges the lead-acid battery. It can be understood that an electric vehicle includes a lead-acid battery that powers the ignition system and some ECUs in the sleep state and a battery that powers the entire vehicle in the starting state.

[0049] In electric vehicles, the battery management system (BMS) is powered by lead-acid batteries. When the electric vehicle enters a dormant state, the battery's BMS also enters a dormant state (i.e., a standby state where it is powered on but not working), meaning it cannot perform 24-hour real-time monitoring of the battery.

[0050] Understandably, in other electrical devices, the battery's BMS is self-powered, has a self-starting sleep mechanism, and cannot perform 24-hour real-time monitoring of the battery.

[0051] Based on the above considerations, the inventors of this application have developed a battery monitoring system, including a main monitoring component and N sensing components (N is an integer greater than or equal to 2) connected via a serial communication network. For example, the N sensing components correspond one-to-one with N battery cell modules, and the N sensing components are used to periodically monitor whether the corresponding battery cell module has experienced any abnormalities. Based on the periodic real-time monitoring characteristics of the sensing components, 24-hour real-time monitoring can be achieved.

[0052] The main monitoring component and N sensing components are connected via a serial communication network. When the i-th sensing component detects an anomaly in its corresponding cell module, it sends a wake-up signal through the serial communication network. This wakes up all subsequent sensing components on the network, and the Nth awakened sensing component then wakes up the main monitoring component. Therefore, when any sensing component detects an anomaly and sends a wake-up signal to the serial communication network, the main monitoring component can be promptly awakened when a battery malfunctions, enabling comprehensive monitoring and reporting of the fault.

[0053] In other words, for the battery monitoring system mentioned above, when the main monitoring component is awake, the main monitoring component and N sensing components can jointly monitor the abnormal conditions of each cell module in the battery from all angles.

[0054] While the main monitoring component is in sleep mode, N sensor components periodically monitor for anomalies, resulting in low power consumption. When any sensor component detects an anomaly, it can sequentially wake up the subsequent sensor components via a serial communication network, and finally wake up the main monitoring component through the last sensor component to perform comprehensive monitoring and report the anomaly. Thus, the battery monitoring system can monitor battery safety in real time with low power consumption even in sleep mode.

[0055] The battery monitoring system disclosed in this application is applied to a battery, for example, it can be encapsulated inside the battery. Batteries including the battery monitoring system can be used, but are not limited to, in electrical devices such as vehicles, ships, or aircraft, and can also be used in storage devices such as inverters or photovoltaic power generation systems. In this way, the battery monitoring system can monitor the battery 24 hours a day in real time at low power consumption. When an anomaly is detected, the entire battery monitoring system can be automatically activated for comprehensive monitoring, which is beneficial to the safety of electrical devices and storage devices.

[0056] This application provides an electrical device, which can be, but is not limited to, vehicles, ships, or aircraft. For ease of explanation, the following embodiments use an electric vehicle as an example. Figure 1 As shown, the electric vehicle 1000 has a battery 100 installed inside.

[0057] The battery 100 can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of the electric vehicle 1000. The battery 100 can serve as the driving power source for the electric vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the electric vehicle 1000.

[0058] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2This is an exploded view of a battery 100 provided in some embodiments of this application. The battery 100 includes a housing 10, a plurality of cell modules 20, and a battery monitoring system 30, all housed within the housing 10. The housing 10 provides accommodating space for the plurality of cell modules 20 and the battery monitoring system 30, and the housing 10 can adopt various structures. In some embodiments, the housing 10 may include a first portion 11 and a second portion 12, which overlap each other, jointly defining an accommodating space for accommodating individual battery cells 20. The second portion 12 may be a hollow structure open at one end, and the first portion 11 may be a plate-like structure, covering the open side of the second portion 12 so that the first portion 11 and the second portion 12 jointly define the accommodating space; alternatively, the first portion 11 and the second portion 12 may both be hollow structures open on one side, with the open side of the first portion 11 covering the open side of the second portion 12. Of course, the box 10 formed by the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be of various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc.

[0059] In the battery 100, the cell module 20 includes multiple cells 21, which can be connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed manner. The multiple cell modules 20 can also be connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed manner. A mixed connection refers to a combination of series and parallel connections. The multiple cell modules 20 can be directly connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed manner, and then the entire assembly of the multiple cell modules 20 is housed within the casing 10.

[0060] The battery monitoring system 30 is also located inside the housing 10, for example, it can be located at the top of the first part 11 or the bottom of the second part 12, or it can be located on the side of the first part 11 and / or the second part 12. Figure 2 In this illustration, the battery monitoring system 30 is exemplarily positioned at the top of the first part 11. It is understood that the battery monitoring system 30 is also connected by wiring to each cell module 20 to collect electrical signals during the operation of the cell modules 20. The components of the battery monitoring system 30 may also be distributed among the cell modules 20 for convenient signal acquisition. No restrictions are placed on the location of the battery monitoring system 30 within the battery 100.

[0061] The battery monitoring system 30 can monitor the battery in real time 24 hours a day under low power consumption. When an abnormality is detected, the entire battery monitoring system 30 can be automatically woken up for comprehensive monitoring.

[0062] According to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 3The battery monitoring system 30 includes a main monitoring component 31 and N sensing components 32. The main monitoring component 31 and the N sensing components 32 are connected via a serial communication network. It is worth noting that... Figure 3 The example only uses three sensing components 32.

[0063] The main monitoring component 31 is the core of the system and can be an existing battery management system (BMS). The structure and functions of the BMS have been described above and will not be repeated here.

[0064] The sensing component 32 can be a sensor selected based on the monitoring item. For example, when it is necessary to monitor for thermal runaway, the sensing component 32 can be a smoke sensor, a barometric pressure sensor, or a gas sensor. A smoke sensor can collect aerosol concentration values; if overheating and fire occur inside the battery, the aerosol concentration value will show an abnormal increase, indicating a thermal runaway event. A barometric pressure sensor can collect barometric pressure values; if heat accumulates inside the battery, the barometric pressure value will also show an abnormal increase, indicating a thermal runaway event. A gas sensor can collect the concentration value of a specific gas, such as carbon dioxide; when the carbon dioxide concentration inside the battery increases abnormally, it indicates a thermal runaway event.

[0065] The number N of sensing components 32 can be set according to actual conditions. For example, the number N of sensing components 32 can be the same as the number of battery cell modules, so that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the sensing components 32 and the battery cell modules, with one sensing component 32 monitoring one battery cell module. In some implementations, one sensing component 32 can also monitor one, two, or more battery cell modules, etc., without any limitation. It is understood that the microcontroller unit (MCU) of the sensing component 32 performs periodic sensing at regular intervals, for example, a smoke sensor detects aerosol concentration values ​​at a period of 1 second or 2 seconds. Thus, the sensing component 32 can achieve 24-hour real-time monitoring with low power consumption.

[0066] A serial communication network is essentially a communication line that serially connects the main control component 31 and N sensing components 32. In this network, signals are relayed from one component to the next adjacent component. For example, if components A, B, C, and D are connected serially, component A can send a signal to component B, component B can send a signal to component C, component C can send a signal to component D, and component D can send a signal to component A. However, signals sent by component A cannot be directly received by component C. It's understood that components A, B, C, and D can include one main control component and three sensing components. In a serial communication network, if any component disconnects its communication connection, the entire serial communication network will be interrupted.

[0067] When any one of the N sensing components, i (i.e., the i-th sensing component, 1≤i≤N), senses an anomaly in the corresponding battery cell module, the i-th sensing component sends a wake-up signal through the serial communication network. The (i+1)-th sensing component then receives this wake-up signal and is awakened, sending its own wake-up signal. The (i+2)-th sensing component receives this wake-up signal and is awakened, similarly sending its own wake-up signal, and so on, waking up all sensing components after the i-th sensing component in sequence. It is understandable that the awakened N-th sensing component will also send a wake-up signal through the serial communication network, causing the main monitoring component, located after the N-th sensing component, to receive and be awakened by this wake-up signal. It is also understandable that the sensing component located on one side and adjacent to the main monitoring component can be considered the first sensing component, and the sensing component located on the other side and adjacent to the main monitoring component can be considered the Nth sensing component. The i-th, i+1-th, and i+2-th sensing components are merely examples to illustrate the sequential wake-up process, and the labels of the sensing components will not exceed N.

[0068] In some embodiments, the wake-up signal can be a high-level signal. A sensing component or the main monitoring component can be woken up when it receives a high-level signal on the serial communication network. For example, the main monitoring component is woken up upon receiving a high-level signal on the serial communication network, switching from a sleep state (i.e., a standby state where it is powered on but not working) to a wake-up state. The wake-up state of the main monitoring component can be understood as a normal operating state. As another example, any sensing component is woken up upon receiving a high-level signal on the serial communication network and then sends a wake-up signal; that is, the waking up of a sensing component is equivalent to the waking up of the signal transmission unit of the sensing component.

[0069] Therefore, when any sensing component detects an anomaly, it sends a wake-up signal to the serial communication network, enabling the main monitoring component to be woken up in time when the battery malfunctions, so as to perform comprehensive monitoring and report the abnormal fault.

[0070] In other words, for the battery monitoring system described above, when the main monitoring component is awake, it and N sensing components can jointly monitor the abnormal conditions of each cell module in the battery from all angles. When the main monitoring component is in sleep mode, the N sensing components periodically monitor for abnormalities, resulting in low power consumption. When any sensing component detects an abnormality, it can wake up the subsequent sensing components sequentially via a serial communication network, and then wake up the main monitoring component through the last sensing component to perform comprehensive monitoring and report the abnormal fault. Thus, the battery monitoring system can monitor battery safety in real time with low power consumption even when in sleep mode.

[0071] According to some embodiments of this application, the aforementioned serial communication network employs daisy-chain communication.

[0072] In daisy-chain communication, components are connected serially in a daisy chain, forming a closed communication loop. A daisy chain refers to wiring multiple components together in sequence, allowing signals to be relayed from one component to an adjacent component within the chain.

[0073] Daisy chain communication has advantages such as low cost and high data synchronization, but failure of any communication segment between components will cause the entire network communication to be interrupted.

[0074] In this embodiment, the serial communication network adopts daisy-chain communication, that is, the main monitoring component and N sensing components are connected in a daisy chain to facilitate the transmission of wake-up signals. When a sensing component sends a wake-up signal to the serial communication network, the other components can be woken up in sequence.

[0075] According to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 3 The main monitoring component 31 includes a first pin 311 and a second pin 312. The first pin 311 and the second pin 312 are respectively connected to a serial communication network. The first pin 311 is used to send a wake-up signal, and the second pin 312 is used to receive a wake-up signal.

[0076] A sensing component 32 includes a third pin 321 and a fourth pin 322. The third pin 321 and the fourth pin 322 are respectively connected to a serial communication network. The third pin 321 is used to receive a wake-up signal, and the fourth pin 322 is used to send a wake-up signal.

[0077] like Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 The diagram illustrates a main monitoring component 31 and three sensing components 32 connected via serial communication. A daisy chain connects the first pin 311 of the main monitoring component 31 to the third pin 321 of the first sensing component 32, the fourth pin 322 of the first sensing component 32 to the third pin 321 of the second sensing component 32, the fourth pin 322 of the second sensing component 32 to the third pin 321 of the third sensing component 32, and the fourth pin 322 of the third sensing component 32 to the second pin 312 of the main monitoring component 31.

[0078] When the main monitoring component 31 is in sleep mode, if the first sensing component 32 detects an anomaly, the voltage level at pin 322 of the first sensing component 32 is pulled high. This high-level signal acts as a wake-up signal. Since pin 322 of the first sensing component 32 is connected to pin 321 of the second sensing component 32, pin 321 of the second sensing component 32 receives the wake-up signal and is pulled high, thus waking up the second sensing component 32. After waking up, the voltage level at pin 322 of the second sensing component 32 is pulled high (equivalent to sending a wake-up signal). Since pin 322 of the second sensing component 32 is connected to pin 321 of the third sensing component 32, pin 321 of the third sensing component 32 receives the wake-up signal and is pulled high, thus waking up the third sensing component 32. After being woken up, the level at the fourth pin 322 of the third sensing component 32 is pulled high (equivalent to sending a wake-up signal). Since the fourth pin 322 of the third sensing component 32 is connected to the second pin 312 of the main monitoring component 31, the second pin 312 of the main monitoring component 31 receives the wake-up signal (high level signal), and the level is pulled high, switching from the sleep state to the wake-up state.

[0079] In this embodiment, the main monitoring component and each sensing component are connected via pins and daisy-chain to form serial communication. This simple structure places no special requirements on the interfaces of the main monitoring component and each sensing component, thus exhibiting strong universal applicability. For example, when the main monitoring component is a BMS and the sensing component is a barometric pressure sensor, most commercially available BMSs and barometric pressure sensors can be connected via their own pins and daisy-chain.

[0080] According to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 4 The main monitoring group 31 and the N sensor components 32 are also connected via a parallel communication network. The main monitoring component 31 sends coded coordination information to the parallel communication network, and the N sensor components 32 encode identifiers according to the coded coordination information.

[0081] A parallel communication network is essentially a communication line that connects the main control component 31 and N sensing components 32 in parallel. In a parallel communication network, if one component sends a signal, the other components can receive that signal simultaneously. For example, if the main monitoring component 31 sends a signal in a parallel communication network, the N sensing components 32 can receive that signal simultaneously. In a parallel communication network, if any component disconnects its communication connection, it does not affect the communication connections of the other components.

[0082] In this embodiment, the battery monitoring system is in the initialization phase, where each sensing component is encoded with an identifier. This identifier is the identity document (ID) of each sensing component. Therefore, when a sensing component sends a signal to the parallel communication network, the main monitoring component and other sensing components can identify who sent the signal. Thus, when a sensing component detects an anomaly and sends a signal reflecting the anomaly to the parallel communication network, the main monitoring component can locate the fault through the aforementioned anomaly signal. Here, the signal can be a message, carrying a corresponding identifier.

[0083] Understandably, identifier encoding is performed during the battery monitoring system initialization phase. After encoding, each sensor component stores its own identifier, and subsequently, each time the system powers on, the messages it sends carry their corresponding identifiers.

[0084] In order to encode the identifiers of N sensing components, after power-on during the battery monitoring system initialization phase, the main monitoring component sends encoding coordination information to the parallel communication network, and the N sensing components encode the identifiers according to the encoding coordination information.

[0085] The coding coordination information reflects the overall coding status of N sensing components. For example, the coding coordination information includes the number of sensing components N and the identifier range. Therefore, each sensing component can select one of the identifiers from the range as its own identifier based on the coding coordination information. For example, if the main monitoring component and 10 sensing components are all in a wake-up state, the main monitoring component sends coding coordination information, which includes the number of sensing components (10) and the identifier range "01-10". The 10 sensing components respond to the coding coordination information sequentially with a delay to encode their identifiers. For example, after receiving the coding coordination information, the first sensing component waits 1 second, uses "01" as its identifier, and sends the message "0x101" to the parallel communication network. After receiving the coding coordination information, the second sensing component waits 2 seconds, and based on the number of components (10), the range "01-10", and the message "0x101", uses "02" as its identifier and sends the message "0x102" to the parallel communication network. Similarly, by setting a waiting delay, each sensing component is sequentially encoded with an identifier.

[0086] In this embodiment, the main monitoring component and N sensing components are also connected via a parallel communication network. During the initialization phase of the battery monitoring system, the main monitoring component can send coding coordination information to the parallel communication network. The N sensing components encode identifiers according to the coding coordination information, thereby achieving automated coding and eliminating the need for offline testing and calibration processes.

[0087] According to some embodiments of this application, the main monitoring component sends coding coordination information to the parallel communication network, and also sends a wake-up signal to the serial communication network. During the initialization phase of the battery monitoring system, the main monitoring component is in a wake-up state, and each sensing component is in a sleep state. In order to automatically encode each sensing component, the main monitoring component simultaneously sends coding coordination information to the parallel communication network and sends a wake-up signal to the serial communication network.

[0088] The first sensing component is awakened upon receiving a wake-up signal. Upon awakening, the first sensing component encodes its identifier based on the coding coordination information and the identifier information in the parallel communication network. It is understandable that, since the first sensor is the first to be awakened and perform identifier encoding, there is currently no identifier information sent by the sensing component in the parallel communication network. Therefore, the first sensing component can determine the number of sensing components and the identifier range based on the coding coordination information, for example, using the starting value of the identifier range as its own identifier. After encoding is complete, the first identifier information is sent to the parallel communication network, and a wake-up signal is sent to the serial communication network. The first identifier information reflects the identifier of the first sensing component.

[0089] The second sensing component is awakened upon receiving the wake-up signal from the first sensing component. Upon awakening, the second sensing component encodes an identifier based on the coding coordination information and the identifier information in the parallel communication network. It is understood that at this point, only the identifier information sent by the first sensing component (i.e., the first identifier information) exists in the parallel communication network. Therefore, the second sensing component can determine the number of sensing components and the identifier range based on the coding coordination information, obtain the identifier of the first sensing component from the first identifier information, and encode it based on this information. For example, the identifier of the second sensing component may fall within the aforementioned identifier range but differ from the identifier of the first sensing component. After encoding, the second identifier information is sent to the parallel communication network, and a wake-up signal is sent to the serial communication network.

[0090] Similarly, for any one of the N sensing components (excluding the last one, i.e., the i-th sensing component), it is awakened upon receiving a wake-up signal. The awakened i-th sensing component encodes its identifier according to the coding coordination information and the identifier information in the parallel communication network. For example, the identifier of the i-th sensing component is within the aforementioned identifier range but different from the identifiers of previously encoded sensing components. After encoding, the i-th identifier information is sent to the parallel communication network, and simultaneously, a wake-up signal is sent to the serial communication network to wake up the (i+1)-th sensing component. The awakened (i+1)-th sensing component then encodes itself in the same way, again with its identifier within the aforementioned identifier range but different from the identifiers of previously encoded sensing components. After encoding, the (i+1)-th identifier information is sent to the parallel communication network, and a wake-up signal is sent to the serial communication network, sequentially waking up the subsequent sensing components, ensuring that each sensing component encodes its identifier according to the coding coordination information and the identifier information in the parallel communication network.

[0091] In this embodiment, during the initialization phase of the battery monitoring system, the main monitoring component sends coding coordination information to the parallel communication network and sends a wake-up signal to the serial communication network, so that N sensing components are woken up in sequence and perform identifier encoding according to the coding coordination information and the identifier information in the parallel communication network, thereby achieving automated encoding. This is simple and convenient and does not require additional settings.

[0092] According to some embodiments of this application, the aforementioned coding coordination information includes the number N of sensing components and the numerical range. The first sensing component after being woken up uses the starting value of the numerical range as its own identifier. The j-th sensing component after being woken up increments the identifier of the (j-1)-th sensing component by 1 and uses it as its own identifier, where 2≤j≤N.

[0093] For example, after the main monitoring system initializes, it broadcasts the message "0x100" in real time on the parallel communication network and sends a wake-up signal to the serial communication network. The message "0x100" carries the number of sensor components, N=3, and the numerical range [1,3]. Specifically, as... Figure 4 As shown, the first pin 311 of the main monitoring component 31 is a high-side output, outputting a 12V or 24V voltage to the first sensing component. The third pin of the first sensing component is pulled high, thereby waking it up.

[0094] After being woken up, the first sensor component uses the starting value "1" of the numerical range [1,3] as its identifier and sends the message "0x101" to the parallel communication network. At the same time, the first sensor component pulls its fourth pin high, that is, outputs a wake-up signal, which pulls the third pin of the second sensor component high, thus waking up the second sensor component.

[0095] After the second sensor component is awakened, it receives messages "0x100" and "0x101". From these messages, it can be determined that there are a total of 3 sensor components, the value range [1,3], and the identifier "1" of the first sensor component. Therefore, the second sensor component checks and designs its own identifier as "1+1=2", that is, it increments the identifier of one sensor component by 1 to use as its own identifier, and sends message "0x102" to the parallel communication network. At the same time, the second sensor component pulls its fourth pin high, that is, it outputs a wake-up signal, which pulls the third pin of the third sensor component high, thus waking up the third sensor component.

[0096] After the third sensor component is awakened, it receives messages "0x100", "0x101", and "0x102". From these messages, it can be determined that there are a total of three sensor components, a value range of [1,3], and that the identifier of the first sensor component is "1" and the identifier of the second sensor component is "2". Therefore, the third sensor component checks and designs its own identifier as "2+1=3", that is, it increments the identifier of the second sensor component by 1 to use as its own identifier, and sends message "0x103" to the parallel communication network. At the same time, the third sensor component pulls its fourth pin high, that is, it outputs a wake-up signal to notify the main monitoring component that the automatic encoding of all sensor components in the entire system has been completed.

[0097] In this embodiment, N sensing components are activated sequentially. During encoding, the identifier is incremented by 1 sequentially to ensure that the identifier is not repeated and the encoding process is simple and error-free.

[0098] According to some embodiments of this application, after N sensing components complete identifier encoding, the main monitoring component checks whether the number of identifier information in the parallel communication network matches the number of sensing components N. If they do not match, the encoding is determined to have failed, and a wake-up signal is resent to the serial communication network so that the N sensing components can re-encode the identifier. If encoding fails for a preset number of consecutive times, the main monitoring component determines that an automatic encoding failure has occurred.

[0099] When the Nth sensor component completes its encoding, its fourth pin goes high, outputting a wake-up signal to notify the main monitoring component that all sensor components in the system have automatically completed encoding. During the encoding process, if the main monitoring component receives the wake-up signal from the Nth sensor, it determines that encoding is complete. This triggers the main monitoring component to verify the number of identifiers in the parallel communication network against the number of sensor components N. It's understandable that if all N sensor components are successfully encoded, each successfully encoded sensor component will send its own identifier information to the parallel communication network, resulting in N identifiers in the network. If some sensor components fail to encode successfully, they will not send their identifier information to the parallel communication network, leading to a number of identifiers in the network that is less than N.

[0100] Therefore, the main monitoring component can determine whether the entire battery monitoring system has been successfully encoded based on whether the number of identifiers in the parallel communication network matches the number of sensor components N. If they do not match, for example, if there are 3 sensor components but the main monitoring component only receives 2 identifiers, then the encoding has failed. The encoding is then re-initialized, i.e., a wake-up signal is resent to the serial communication network so that all N sensor components can re-encode their identifiers.

[0101] If the coding fails for a preset number of consecutive times, the main monitoring component determines that an automatic coding fault has occurred. Those skilled in the art can set the preset number of attempts according to actual needs; for example, the preset number could be 3. This means that if the battery monitoring system fails to code three times consecutively, coding will stop, and the main monitoring component will report an automatic coding fault to remind operators to perform maintenance.

[0102] In this embodiment, after the Nth sensor component is encoded, the main monitoring component verifies whether the entire system has been successfully encoded by comparing the number of identifiers in the parallel communication network with the number of sensor components. If the encoding fails for a preset number of consecutive times, an automatic encoding fault is reported, making the encoding process more intelligent and preventing encoding failures due to accidental interference factors, thus improving reliability.

[0103] According to some embodiments of this application, if the main monitoring component does not receive a wake-up signal from the Nth sensing component, it is determined that the serial communication network has failed.

[0104] For example, if N=3, and the main monitoring component only receives messages 0x101 and 0x102 but not the wake-up signal from the third sensor component, it indicates a problem with the serial line between the second and third sensor components, preventing the third sensor component from waking up and thus hindering its encoding. Therefore, a serial communication network failure is determined. Similarly, if the main monitoring component receives messages 0x101, 0x102, and 0x103 but not the wake-up signal from the third sensor component, it indicates a problem with the serial line between the third sensor component and the main monitoring component.

[0105] In some embodiments, if the main monitoring component receives a wake-up signal from the Nth sensing component and detects that the number of identifiers in the parallel communication network does not match the number of sensing components N, then it determines that the parallel communication network has failed.

[0106] If the main monitoring component receives a wake-up signal from the Nth sensor component, it indicates that the serial communication network is functioning normally, meaning that each sensor component has been woken up and successfully encoded. In this case, if the number of identifiers in the parallel communication network does not match the number of sensor components N, it means that at least one sensor component failed to successfully send its identifier information to the parallel communication network, thus confirming a transmission failure in the parallel communication network. For example, if the main monitoring component receives messages 0x101 and 0x103 but not message 0x102, it indicates that communication between the second sensor component and the parallel communication network has been lost, meaning that a communication failure has occurred at the second sensor component.

[0107] In this embodiment, communication faults can be located by checking whether the Nth sensing component sends a wake-up signal and whether the number of identifiers in the parallel communication network matches the number of sensing components, making it convenient for operators to troubleshoot.

[0108] According to some embodiments of this application, the parallel communication network is a Controller Area Network (CAN), or simply a CAN communication network, which has advantages such as strong real-time performance, strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, and low cost.

[0109] In this embodiment, a controller local area network is used to connect the main monitoring component and each sensing component in parallel communication, so that the signals sent by each component can be transmitted in real time.

[0110] According to some embodiments of this application, the main monitoring component further includes a fifth pin and a sixth pin, wherein the fifth pin is connected to a first communication line in the parallel communication network, and the sixth pin is connected to a second communication line in the parallel communication network. A sensing component further includes a seventh pin and an eighth pin, wherein the seventh pin is connected to the first communication line, and the eighth pin is connected to the second communication line.

[0111] like Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 The diagram shows a main monitoring component 31 and three sensing components 32 connected via a parallel communication network. The parallel communication network includes a first communication line and a second communication line, which together form the CAN mainline. Pin 313 of the main monitoring component 31 is connected to the first communication line, and pin 314 of the main monitoring component 31 is connected to the second communication line. Pins 323 of the three sensing components are connected to the first communication line, and pins 324 of the three sensing components are connected to the second communication line.

[0112] Therefore, when the main monitoring component or any one of the three sensing components sends information to the parallel communication network, the other components can receive it in real time.

[0113] Connecting via pins and the CAN bus enables parallel communication. This simple structure places no special requirements on the interfaces of the main monitoring component and each sensing component, thus offering strong universal applicability. For example, when the main monitoring component is a BMS and the sensing component is a barometric pressure sensor, most BMSs and barometric pressure sensors on the market can be connected to the CAN bus via their own pins.

[0114] According to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 4 The battery includes three cell modules 20, and the battery monitoring system 30 includes a main monitoring component 31 and three sensing components 32.

[0115] The three sensing components 32 are a smoke sensor, a barometric pressure sensor, and a gas sensor, all capable of detecting whether thermal runaway has occurred in the cell module 20. Each of the three sensing components 32 corresponds one-to-one with one of the three cell modules 20; one sensing component 32 is used to periodically monitor whether thermal runaway has occurred in one cell module 20. The main monitoring component 31 can be an existing battery management system (BSM), located inside the battery, while the three sensing components 32 are respectively located at their corresponding cell modules 20.

[0116] The main monitoring component 31 and the three sensing components 32 are connected in serial communication via daisy chain communication, and are also connected in parallel communication via CAN bus.

[0117] During the initialization phase of the battery monitoring system 30, the main monitoring component 31 is in a wake-up state, and each sensing component 32 is in a sleep state. In order to automatically encode each sensing component 32, the main monitoring component 31 simultaneously sends encoding coordination information to the parallel communication network and sends a wake-up signal to the serial communication network.

[0118] Specifically, after the main monitoring system 30 initializes, it broadcasts the message "0x100" in real time on the parallel communication network and sends a wake-up signal to the serial communication network. The message "0x100" carries the number of sensing components, N=3, and the numerical range [1,3]. Specifically, as... Figure 4 As shown, the first pin 311 of the main monitoring component 31 is a high-side output, outputting a 12V or 24V voltage to the first sensing component. The third pin 321 of the first sensing component 32 is pulled high, thereby waking it up.

[0119] Upon wake-up, the first sensor component 32 uses the starting value "1" of the numerical range [1,3] as its identifier and sends the message "0x101" to the parallel communication network. Simultaneously, the first sensor component 32 pulls its fourth pin 322 high, i.e., outputs a wake-up signal, which pulls the third pin 321 of the second sensor component 32 high, thus waking up the second sensor component 32.

[0120] After the second sensor component 32 is awakened, it receives messages "0x100" and "0x101". From these messages, it can be determined that there are a total of 3 sensor components, the value range [1,3], and the identifier "1" of the first sensor component. Therefore, the second sensor component 32 checks and designs its own identifier as "1+1=2", that is, it increments the identifier of one sensor component by 1 to use as its own identifier, and sends the message "0x102" to the parallel communication network. At the same time, the second sensor component 32 pulls its fourth pin 322 high, that is, it outputs a wake-up signal, which pulls the third pin 321 of the third sensor component 32 high, thus waking up the third sensor component 32.

[0121] After the third sensor component 32 is awakened, it receives messages "0x100", "0x101", and "0x102". From these messages, it can be determined that there are a total of three sensor components, the value range is [1,3], and the identifier of the first sensor component is "1" and the identifier of the second sensor component is "2". Therefore, the third sensor component 32 checks and designs its own identifier as "2+1=3", that is, it increments the identifier of the second sensor component by 1 to use as its own identifier, and sends message "0x103" to the parallel communication network. At the same time, the third sensor component pulls its fourth pin 322 high, that is, it outputs a wake-up signal to notify the main monitoring component that the automatic encoding of all sensor components in the entire system has been completed.

[0122] When the main monitoring component is in sleep mode, if the first sensor detects an anomaly, the voltage level at pin 4 of the first sensor is pulled high. This high-level signal acts as a wake-up signal. Since pin 4 of the first sensor is connected to pin 3 of the second sensor, pin 3 of the second sensor receives the wake-up signal and is pulled high, thus waking up the second sensor. After waking up, pin 4 of the second sensor is pulled high (equivalent to sending a wake-up signal). Since pin 4 of the second sensor is connected to pin 3 of the third sensor, pin 3 of the third sensor receives the wake-up signal and is pulled high, thus waking up the third sensor. After being woken up, the level at the fourth pin of the third sensor component is pulled high (equivalent to sending a wake-up signal). Since the fourth pin of the third sensor component is connected to the second pin of the main monitoring component, the second pin of the main monitoring component receives the wake-up signal (high-level signal), and the level is pulled high, switching from the sleep state to the wake-up state for comprehensive monitoring.

[0123] The battery monitoring system described above is further connected to the main monitoring component and three sensing components via a parallel communication network. During the initialization phase of the battery monitoring system, the main monitoring component can send coding coordination information to the parallel communication network. The three sensing components then encode identifiers based on this coding coordination information, thereby achieving automated coding and eliminating the need for offline testing and calibration processes.

[0124] When the main monitoring component is awake, it and the three sensing components can jointly monitor the abnormal conditions of each cell module in the battery from all angles. When the main monitoring component is in sleep mode, the three sensing components periodically monitor for abnormalities, with low power consumption. When any sensing component detects an abnormality, it can wake up the subsequent sensing components in reverse order through the serial communication network, and then wake up the main monitoring component through the last sensing component to perform comprehensive monitoring and report the abnormal fault. Thus, the battery monitoring system can monitor battery safety in real time with low power consumption even in sleep mode.

[0125] According to some embodiments of this application, this application also provides a battery, including the aforementioned battery monitoring system and N cell modules. The battery monitoring system includes a main monitoring component and N sensing components. Each sensing component is disposed on a cell module, such as on the surface of the cell module, to periodically monitor whether any abnormalities occur in the cell module. The main monitoring component includes a Battery Management System (BMS). The sensing components can be configured according to the monitoring items; for example, when monitoring for thermal runaway faults, the sensing components can be smoke sensors, barometric pressure sensors, or gas sensors.

[0126] The structure and function of the battery monitoring system are the same as those of the battery monitoring system in the previous embodiments, and will not be described in detail here.

[0127] In the above embodiments, the battery monitoring system can monitor the battery in real time 24 hours a day under low power consumption. When an abnormality is detected, the entire battery monitoring system can be automatically woken up to perform comprehensive monitoring, making the battery more reliable and safer.

[0128] According to some embodiments of this application, this application also provides an electrical device, including the aforementioned battery. The electrical device can be an electric vehicle or an electric logistics vehicle, etc.

[0129] In the above embodiments, based on the reliable and safe characteristics of the battery, the electrical device can reduce losses caused by battery failure.

[0130] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and not to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of this application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way. This application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A battery monitoring system, characterized in that, It includes a main monitoring component and N sensing components connected via a serial communication network, wherein the N sensing components are used to periodically monitor whether the corresponding battery cell module has an anomaly, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 2; If the i-th sensing component detects an abnormality in the corresponding battery cell module, the i-th sensing component sends a wake-up signal through the serial communication network, so that the sensing components after the i-th sensing component on the serial communication network are woken up in sequence, and the main monitoring component is woken up by the N-th awakened sensing component, where 1≤i≤N. The main monitoring component and the N sensing components are also connected via a parallel communication network; The main monitoring component sends coding coordination information to the parallel communication network, and the N sensing components encode identifiers according to the coding coordination information; The main monitoring component sends coded coordination information to the parallel communication network, and also sends a wake-up signal to the serial communication network; After the i-th sensing component receives the wake-up signal and is woken up, the woken-up i-th sensing component performs identifier encoding according to the coding coordination information and the identifier information in the parallel communication network, and sends the i-th identifier information to the parallel communication network, and sends a wake-up signal to the serial communication network, so that the sensing components after the i-th sensing component are woken up in sequence and perform identifier encoding according to the coding coordination information and the identifier information in the parallel communication network. If the main monitoring component receives a wake-up signal from the Nth sensor component and detects that the number of identifiers in the parallel communication network does not match the number of sensor components N, then it determines that the parallel communication network has failed.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The serial communication network uses daisy-chain communication.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The main monitoring component includes a first pin and a second pin, which are respectively connected to the serial communication network. The first pin is used to send a wake-up signal, and the second pin is used to receive the wake-up signal. The sensing component includes a third pin and a fourth pin, which are respectively connected to the serial communication network. The third pin is used to receive a wake-up signal, and the fourth pin is used to send a wake-up signal.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coded overall information includes the number N of sensing components and the value range: The first sensing component after being woken up will use the starting value of the numerical range as its own identifier; After being woken up, the j-th sensing component increments the identifier of the (j-1)-th sensing component by 1 and uses it as its own identifier, where 2≤j≤N.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, After the N sensing components complete the identifier encoding, the main monitoring component checks whether the number of identifier information in the parallel communication network matches the number of sensing components N. If they do not match, the encoding is determined to have failed, and a wake-up signal is resent to the serial communication network so that the N sensing components can re-encode the identifier. If encoding fails for a preset number of consecutive times, the main monitoring component determines that an automatic encoding failure has occurred.

6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, If the main monitoring component does not receive a wake-up signal from the Nth sensor component, it is determined that the serial communication network has failed.

7. The system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The parallel communication network is a controller area network.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The main monitoring component further includes a fifth pin and a sixth pin, wherein the fifth pin is connected to the first communication line in the parallel communication network, and the sixth pin is connected to the second communication line in the parallel communication network; The sensing component further includes a seventh pin and an eighth pin, the seventh pin being connected to the first communication line and the eighth pin being connected to the second communication line.

9. A battery, characterized in that, The system includes a battery monitoring system as described in any one of claims 1-8 and N cell modules, wherein a sensing component is disposed in one of the cell modules, and the main monitoring component includes a BMS.

10. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, Includes the battery as described in claim 9.

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