Rock processing plant

Abstract

This invention relates to a rock processing facility having at least one rock processing device for crushing and / or sorting granular mineral materials according to size, wherein the rock processing facility comprises, as facility components: - a material loading device with a material buffer; - at least one crushing device; and - at least one screening device; - at least one conveying device; - at least two unloading conveying devices; - at least one quantity sensor for each of the at least two unloading conveying devices; - a data storage device connected to a control device and / or the quantity sensor for transmitting information in terms of signal transmission; and - a control device configured to control the operation of at least one facility component based on a detection signal and based on at least one data relationship stored in the data storage device, wherein the detection signal represents the amount of unloading accumulated per unit time in different useful particle screening curves.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a rock processing facility having at least one rock processing device for crushing and / or sorting granular mineral materials according to size, wherein the rock processing facility comprises, as a component of the facility:

[0002] - A material loading device with a material buffer for loading raw materials to be processed.

[0003] - Each has at least one working unit, which is composed of

[0004] + At least one crushing device, and

[0005] It consists of at least one screening device.

[0006] - At least one conveying device for conveying materials between two facility components.

[0007] - Unloading and conveying equipment used to transport processed materials from rock processing facilities to stockpiles.

[0008] - A quantity sensor for detecting the following variables, representing the amount of processed material accumulated per unit time in or at the unloading conveyor.

[0009] - A data storage device, which is connected to a control device and / or a quantity sensor for signal transmission to transmit information, and

[0010] - A control device for controlling a component of a rock processing facility, wherein the control device is configured to control the operation of the component based on a detection signal and based on at least one data relationship stored in a data memory, wherein the data relationship associates the detection signal and / or a variable derived from the detection signal with at least one control operating parameter of at least one component and / or at least one change in the control operating parameter. Background Technology

[0011] Such rock processing facilities are known from DE 10 2020 003 966 A1. Known rock processing facilities consisting of only a single rock processing unit, in order to achieve the most constant possible final particle product, teach the following: the total material flow leaving the crushing equipment toward the downstream screen is quantitatively detected by a first belt scale, and the useful particles accumulated by means of the discharge conveyor are quantitatively detected by a second belt scale on a single useful particle screening profile. The amount of oversized particles deposited in the downstream screen is quantitatively estimated or calculated as the difference between the total detected amount of material and the detected amount of useful particles, wherein said oversized particles have a larger particle size than the desired useful particles and are redirected back for re-passing through the crushing equipment.

[0012] The useful particle share and oversized particle share of a rock processing facility in its corresponding operating state can be determined using values ​​detected according to DE 10 2020 003 966 A1. Based on data relationships stored in a pre-stored data memory, the operating parameters of the rock processing facility are set by the known control equipment to increase the useful particle share and minimize the oversized particle share. Adjustment variables include, for example, the rotor speed of the crushing equipment, the crushing gap of the crushing equipment, and the amount of material to be crushed. It is known that decreasing the crushing gap causes a shift towards smaller particle sizes in the final product, and decreasing the rotor speed of the crushing equipment causes a shift towards larger particle sizes in the final product. The height of the useful particle share can be affected by varying the amount of material loaded into the crushing equipment.

[0013] In addition, DE 10 2020 003 966 A1 recommends, in order to achieve the most constant production possible, the timely diversion of uncrushable impurities, thereby avoiding only near-term failures and shutdowns of the crushing equipment in the rock processing facility.

[0014] Another rock processing facility is known from DE 10 2017 124 958 A1, whose control equipment automatically sets the feed and filling degree of the crushing equipment directly or indirectly in relation to the mechanical load of the crushing equipment.

[0015] One drawback of rock processing facilities known from DE 10 2020 003 966 A1 is their availability for only one useful particle sieving curve and its useful particle share. The similarly disclosed focus on minimizing the share of oversized particles is essentially just maximizing the useful particle share, since the oversized particle share is not detected in known rock processing facilities but is estimated or calculated only from the detected useful particle share. Therefore, the oversized particle share assumed according to DE 10 2020 003 966 A1 is always directly and linearly related to the actual detected useful particle share and represents both the useful particle share and the oversized particle share.

[0016] DE 10 2020 003 966 A1 does not provide a solution for situations where multiple useful particle sieving curves are crucial in industrial practice and for the targeted setting of their share of the total processed material.

[0017] Furthermore, focusing solely on minimizing the share of useful particles or the amount of oversized particles recalled is not always helpful, as oversized particles supplement the packing material with pre-crushed particles that are often smaller than the particles in the packing material, thus serving as support particles. A lack of support particles destabilizes the crushing process and adversely affects the quality of the final particle product. Impaired quality leads to an increasing number of undesirable particle shapes, such as reduced cubicity. Summary of the Invention

[0018] Therefore, the object of this invention is to improve the rock processing facility mentioned at the beginning, enabling automated operation control based on a broader range of target variable definitions. In particular, the developed rock processing facility should be able to coordinate the flow rates (Mengenströme) of multiple useful particle sieving curves numerically within a predetermined target tolerance zone.

[0019] The present invention achieves the aforementioned objective by comprising the rock processing facility as a component thereof, in the following manner:

[0020] - At least two unloading conveyors for conveying processed material from a rock processing facility to each of two stockpiles, wherein each of the at least two unloading conveyors conveys processed material with a different useful particle size distribution profile output by at least one screening device.

[0021] - At least one quantity sensor for each of at least two useful particle sieving profiles, for detecting the quantity, which represents the amount of processed material discharged per unit time in the corresponding useful particle sieving profile.

[0022] The control device is configured to control the operation of at least one facility component based on detection signals and at least one data relationship stored in a data memory, wherein the detection signals represent the amount of unloading accumulated per unit time in different useful particle sieving curves, and the data relationship quantitatively or qualitatively associates the detection signals of at least one quantity sensor and / or variables derived from the detection signals of at least one quantity sensor with at least one control operating parameter of at least one facility component and / or at least one change in the control operating parameter, taking into account at least one predetermined target variable or at least one predetermined range of target variables.

[0023] The rock processing facility according to the invention includes at least two unloading conveying devices to convey materials with different useful particle screening profiles that logically have different particle sizes to spatially separated piles.

[0024] At least one quantity sensor for each useful particle screening curve allows the detection of the amount of material discharged per unit time in the corresponding useful particle screening curve, thereby detecting variables used for open-loop or closed-loop control of the operation of the rock processing facility.

[0025] At least one data relationship is stored in the data storage, which is the relationship between the detection signal of at least one quantity sensor, at least one value or range of a target variable, and at least one control operating parameter. The term "control operating parameter" is used only to refer to the operating parameters of a rock processing facility, which can be changed by control intervention through control equipment.

[0026] Data relationships can be stored as a family of characteristic curves, as an analysis function, as an association table, an association matrix or an assignment tensor, as a fuzzy set, etc., so that the input data (Eingangsdatum / Eingangsdaten) based on the detection signal as the data relationship and at least one additional input data (Eingangsdatum / Eingangsdaten) based on the expected value or expected value range of the target variable as the data relationship, quantitatively or qualitatively give the data relationship as the output data (Ausgangsdatum / Ausgangsdaten) of at least one control operation parameter. The setting of the control operation parameter at the facility component to which the corresponding control operation parameter belongs will change the actual value of the target variable toward the predetermined expected value or expected value range.

[0027] According to this application, when a facility component obtains at least one control operating parameter by means of at least one data relationship not by setting it directly at the relevant facility component, but by outputting the control operating parameter obtained by the machine operator at an output device, the control device is also configured to control the facility component, wherein the machine operator either directly adopts the suggestion or sets the suggested control operating parameter himself.

[0028] The target variable or range of the target variable can be transferred from the higher-level data processing facility to the data storage device, depending on the type of the target variable and its value, or can be entered by the operator on-site via an input device described in detail below and stored in the data storage device.

[0029] In a quantitative data relationship, a data relationship used for a set of input data outputs a set of quantitative output data, that is, a set of control operating parameters that are numerically defined. This set of output data may consist only of the control operating parameters.

[0030] In qualitative data relationships, the data relationships used for a set of input data, for example, describe the direction of change for a set of output data. Therefore, for each control operating parameter in this set of output data, an output can be generated indicating whether the control operating parameter should be increased or decreased in value. For control operating parameters that should not change, no output is generated, or an output is generated showing that the relevant control operating parameter should not change.

[0031] Qualitative data relationships can further assess the need for changes in control operating parameters, such as "slight increase or decrease," "normal increase or decrease," or "significant increase or decrease." Further refinement of the classification is possible.

[0032] The control device can obtain or retrieve quantitative change values ​​from the data processing program or from the data storage itself. These quantitative change values ​​correspond to the numerical application of the output change requirements to the corresponding control operating parameters. Therefore, each control operating parameter can be incrementally varied by a quantitative change value until the actual value of the target variable corresponds sufficiently accurately to the desired value or is within a predetermined range of desired values.

[0033] Data relationships can be pre-created based on known interactions and stored in the data memory. Therefore, the relationships between the filling level of the crushing equipment and the particle shape obtained during crushing in the crushing equipment, as well as the wear occurring at the components of the crushing equipment, are already known. Furthermore, the relationships between the obtained excess particle share and the rotor speed of the crushing rotor, and the set crushing gap, etc., are known; only some relationships of influencing variables are exemplarily listed here. Data relationships can be stored as initial data relationships in the data memory and further refined through subsequent test runs or expanded by observing additional possible interactions between possible influencing variables, possible target variables, and output data. To obtain these interactions, artificial intelligence methods, such as deep learning, can be applied. The control device, using these artificial intelligence methods, can approximately automatically expand or correct existing interactions and / or improve their accuracy using at least one data relationship in the data memory based on the identified interactions. Applying conventional analytical methods during test runs to obtain the interactions between input variables, target variables, and output data is additionally or alternatively feasible.

[0034] Furthermore, particularly through the application of artificial intelligence methods, data from existing rock processing facilities of the same type can be collected, transmitted to an evaluation unit, and evaluated by the evaluation unit, or at least with the participation of the evaluation unit, according to the methodology. Data relationships identified with the participation of the evaluation unit can be transmitted, for example, directly via wireless mobile networks or other data transmission connections, or during scheduled maintenance, to the data storage of the rock processing facility. Therefore, as the runtime of at least one data relationship increases, its accuracy and precision can be continuously improved. The application of artificial intelligence methods is particularly meaningful and helpful for analyzing and determining more complex multidimensional relationships—that is, when multiple influencing variables, target variables, and output data interact—in order to extract data relationships from large amounts of observed operational data.

[0035] The term "useful particle sieving profile" is used to refer to the particle fraction obtained through a sieving process, which includes the predetermined desired final particle product from rock processing. A distinction is made between undersized particles and oversized particles, where undersized particles have a smaller particle size than the smallest desired final particle product, and oversized particles have a larger particle size than the largest desired final particle product.

[0036] The term “quantity” as used in this application, in the case of the quantity of an entity, such as, in particular, material to be processed and processed, means mass or weight and / or volume.

[0037] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, each useful particle screening curve can be associated with a desired quantity magnitude as a target variable. The desired quantity magnitude can be a desired share of the total amount of processed material or the total filler volume, or it can be a desired quantity given per unit time, in terms of mass, weight, or volume. Similarly, the desired quantity magnitude can be a desired proportion of the amount of useful particles provided per unit time by two useful particle screening curves. If there are more than two useful particle screening curves at the rock processing facility, a target quantity proportion can be given as a target variable for each pair of useful particle screening curves. Therefore, the control equipment can be advantageously configured to change at least one control operating parameter of at least one facility component based on a detection signal and at least one data relationship, such that the actual quantity magnitude of the corresponding useful particle screening curve is within a predetermined tolerance range around the target quantity magnitude associated with the useful particle screening curve, or / and the actual quantity proportions of two different useful particle screening curves are within a predetermined tolerance range around the desired quantity proportion.

[0038] At least one objective variable can be a set of objective variables, where the target quantity of the corresponding useful particle sieving curve is only one objective variable. Other objective variables may be, for example, the energy consumption of the rock processing facility per unit time, the wear of facility components, the particle shape or particle shape distribution obtained within the useful particle sieving curve, etc.

[0039] Preferably, the rock processing facility has at least one oversized particle return device that transports the oversized particle screening portion back to the input area of ​​the material loading equipment or the crushing equipment of the rock processing facility. More preferably, the rock processing facility has an oversized particle quantity sensor that detects the amount of oversized particles returned per unit time in at least one of the at least one oversized particle return devices. The amount of oversized particles transported per unit time can be detected, for example, by a belt scale in the oversized particle conveyor belt or by a camera and subsequent image processing in terms of volume.

[0040] The data storage can store excessive particle data relationships, which quantitatively or qualitatively associate the detection signal of at least one excessive particle quantity sensor and / or variables derived from the detection signal of at least one excessive particle quantity sensor with at least one control operating parameter of at least one facility component and / or at least one change in the control operating parameter, taking into account at least one predetermined target variable or at least one predetermined target variable range. Preferably, the control device is configured to change at least one control operating parameter of at least one facility component based on the detection signal of at least one excessive particle quantity sensor, at least one predetermined target variable or at least one predetermined target variable range, and at least one excessive particle data relationship.

[0041] One of the at least predetermined target variables may be the desired oversized particle size, which describes the amount of oversized particles that should be retrieved per unit of time. The control device can then be configured to change at least one control operating parameter of at least one facility component based on the detection signal from at least one oversized particle size sensor and at least one oversized particle data relationship, such that the actual oversized particle size of at least one of the at least one oversized particle retrieval devices is within a predetermined tolerance range around the desired oversized particle size.

[0042] However, the target variable may additionally or alternatively be, for example, the energy consumption of the rock processing facility per unit time and / or the obtained particle shape.

[0043] The desired particle size can be determined by using data relationships in the data storage, based on input data from other sensors or / and other data inputs as possible target variables.

[0044] To optimize its operation as broadly as possible, rock processing facilities may have at least one of the following operating sensors to detect at least one detection operating parameter associated with the corresponding operating sensor:

[0045] - At least one energy consumption sensor for detecting the energy consumption of the rock processing facility and / or its components, as a detection operating parameter associated with the energy consumption sensor.

[0046] - At least one throughput sensor for detecting the amount of material processed per unit time by the rock processing facility and / or its components, as a detection operating parameter associated with the throughput sensor.

[0047] - At least one crushing equipment load sensor for detecting the operating load of at least one of the at least one crushing equipment, as a detection operating parameter associated with the load sensor.

[0048] - At least one screening equipment load sensor for detecting the operating load of at least one of the at least one screening equipment as a detection operating parameter associated with the load sensor.

[0049] - At least one drive load sensor for detecting the operating load of at least one drive unit of the rock processing facility as a detection operating parameter associated with the drive load sensor.

[0050] - An overload counter, used to detect the number of overload events occurring per unit of time for at least one facility component, as a detection operating parameter associated with the overload counter.

[0051] - Wear sensors are used to detect wear occurring on facility components, as well as associated detection operating parameters.

[0052] - At least one material buffer fill level sensor for detecting the fill level of the material buffer as a detection operating parameter associated with the material buffer fill level sensor.

[0053] - At least one conveyor fill level sensor for detecting the fill level of at least one conveyor as a detection operating parameter associated with the conveyor fill level sensor.

[0054] - At least one conveyor speed sensor for detecting the conveying speed of at least one conveyor as a detection operating parameter associated with the conveyor speed sensor.

[0055] - At least one crushing equipment filling degree sensor for detecting the filling degree of at least one of the at least one crushing equipment, as a detection operating parameter associated with the crushing equipment filling degree sensor, and

[0056] - At least one crushing gap sensor for detecting the size of the crushing gap of at least one of the at least one crushing devices as a detection operating parameter associated with the crushing gap sensor.

[0057] The term "detecting operating parameters" simply means that the relevant operating parameters can be detected indirectly or directly by sensors. Detecting operating parameters can also refer to controlling operating parameters, and vice versa.

[0058] In principle, one sensor is sufficient to detect operating parameters. However, multiple sensors can be used to detect the same operating parameter, for example, when the average filling level of the material buffer should not be calculated, but rather the localized, location-dependent filling level. Rock processing facilities can have more than one sensor whenever more than one operating parameter needs to be detected. The same applies when more than one physical principle should be applied to detect one or more operating parameters.

[0059] When an internal combustion engine is used as the central power station in a rock processing facility, energy consumption is detected by a flow sensor that monitors the flow rate of fuel in the pipeline supplying the internal combustion engine with fuel. At the electrical components, energy consumption is detected by detecting the current supplied to the components and the voltage dropped across them during operation. At the hydraulic components, energy consumption is detected by detecting the flow rate and pressure of the hydraulic fluid during operation.

[0060] The degree of filling of the material buffer can be detected, for example, by one or more ultrasonic sensors. Alternatively or additionally, optical detection by at least one camera as a sensor and / or tactile detection by a mechanical sensor is feasible.

[0061] The fill level of a material buffer can be represented by the fill height of the material packed into the buffer. Here, a single fill height can be considered as a representative value of the overall average fill height of the material buffer, or multiple local fill heights can be calculated to more locally distinguish the fill level of the material buffer. Similarly, it is also possible to determine the profile of the surface of the material packed into the buffer and its height above the known bottom of the buffer using optical methods, such as laser scanning. Until the fill height of the surface profile of the packed material or the local fill heights are sufficient to represent the fill level. Alternatively, it can be related to the maximum capacity of the material buffer.

[0062] Just as with underfilled material buffers, overfilled material buffers, especially filling hoppers, should also be avoided. When a material buffer is overfilled, material is lost during filling because it can slide off the material pile in the buffer and fall next to the filling equipment. Furthermore, the conveying power of the material buffer decreases, and the screening power of the pre-screen downstream of the material buffer is adversely affected when the material buffer is overloaded. In addition, overfilling of the material buffer can cause overflow in subsequent work units, especially crushing equipment, in the material flow. Underfilled filling hoppers will cause high loads on the conveying equipment connected to the material buffer because the material directly contacts the conveying equipment during filling, resulting in higher wear and higher noise emissions.

[0063] Alternatively or preferably additionally, the filling level of at least one conveying device can be detected as an important detection operating parameter for the material buffer. Preferably, the filling level of the conveying device transporting material from the material buffer to the working unit, particularly to the crushing device, is detected. The conveying power of the conveying device transporting material directly from the material buffer therefore affects not only the filling level of the material buffer but also the filling level of the working unit, particularly the crushing device, which transports material toward the working unit. The corresponding situation applies to the detection of the conveying speed of at least one conveying device, preferably one that transports material between the material buffer and the working unit, particularly the crushing device.

[0064] The product of the filling level and the conveying speed of a conveying device gives a value representing the volume conveyed through the conveying device, and thus a value representing the amount of material processed by the rock processing facility and / or its components per unit time. Therefore, a combination of sensors for detecting the filling level and conveying speed of the same conveying device can be used as a throughput sensor.

[0065] The conveying equipment can be a belt conveyor or a trough conveyor, the latter preferably being a vibrating conveyor based on the micro-throwing principle. A vibrating conveyor, preferably in the configuration of a trough conveyor, is preferred as the conveying equipment used for transporting material between the material buffer and the crushing equipment. Rock processing equipment can also have multiple conveying devices, and typically has multiple such devices, for example, because different conveying devices can act as filling conveyors moving away from the material buffer toward the work unit and as unloading conveyors moving away from the work unit from the rock processing equipment. In the case of multiple conveying devices, the conveying devices can utilize different conveying principles, such as the micro-throwing principle already described above in vibrating conveyors or / and belt conveyors, where belt conveyors are often used as unloading conveyors due to the smaller particle size and generally more uniform particle size distribution produced during unloading.

[0066] The conveying speed of conveying equipment can be obtained in different ways and methods. Conveying speed can be determined independently of the type of conveying equipment by detecting the movement of material along the conveying direction on the conveying equipment, for example, by gratings, by ultrasound, by optical detection, and by image processing. The conveying speed of a belt conveyor can be detected by detecting the rotational speed of rollers that cooperate with the conveyor belt, such as support rollers or drive rollers, or by directly detecting the belt speed of the conveyor belt. In a vibrating conveyor, the vibration amplitude and vibration frequency are quantities representing the velocity of the material lying flat on the vibrating conveyor, making the detection of vibration amplitude and vibration frequency variables representing the conveying speed.

[0067] This also applies to all conveying equipment. The conveying power can be derived from the drive power of the motor driving the conveying equipment, allowing the conveying power to be indirectly derived from the detection of motor torque and motor speed as the operating load of the motor used as the drive equipment. For some types of electric motors, the output motor torque can be obtained from the absorbed motor current. For hydraulic motors, the output torque is proportional to the product of the pressure drop across the hydraulic motor and its displacement. Otherwise, for each motor, a family of torque characteristic curves can be obtained and stored in relation to its adjustment variables. Thus, the motor torque can be obtained from the detected adjustment variables by calling the family of torque characteristic curves from the control device.

[0068] As another possible operating parameter to detect, at least one sensor can include the fill level of the crushing equipment. This is particularly meaningful in jaw crushers and cone crushers, but should not be overlooked for vibratory crushers and roll crushers. The fill level of the crushing equipment also affects the crushing tools, such as jaws, impact bars, vibrating beams, vibrating rocker arms, crushing rolls, etc., and affects the quality of the final particle product, especially the particle shape.

[0069] The filling degree of crushing equipment can be detected by means of gratings, ultrasound, etc.

[0070] Additionally or alternatively, the size of the crushing gap of the crushing equipment, particularly the gap width, can be detected as a testing operating parameter. This is especially applicable to jaw crushers and vibratory crushers. In the case of a vibratory crusher, one dimension of the upper and lower crushing gaps at the upper or lower vibratory rocker arm, or / and the aforementioned crushing gap ratio, can be detected as a testing operating parameter. The detection of the crushing gap size can be performed by detecting the position of an actuator element that moves a movable member that limits the corresponding crushing gap size, such that the position of the actuator element is correlated one-to-one with the position of the movable member. This member can be a movable crusher jaw or vibratory rocker arm. A calibration can be stored in the aforementioned data storage, which correlates the detected position of the actuator element with the crushing gap size.

[0071] Operating load can also be detected as a sensor-based operating parameter, such as the operating load of a drive unit, like the central drive unit of a rock processing facility, which converts the energy output to it into one or more other forms of energy. This drive unit can be an internal combustion engine, particularly a diesel engine, which converts the internal calorific value of fuel into mechanical or kinetic energy at the output shaft. An electric motor can also be considered as such a drive unit, converting the electrical energy supplied to it into mechanical or kinetic energy at the output shaft. The corresponding case applies to hydraulic motors. In all cases, the operating load can be obtained, for example, from the detection of the rotational speed of the output shaft and the torque output at that speed. The detection of shaft speed and torque is well known in the prior art. As described above, the motor torque can be extracted from a family of torque characteristic curves stored in a data storage device, in which the motor torque is associated with at least one other detected operating parameter, based on at least one additional detected operating parameter.

[0072] Alternatively or additionally, the operating load of the crushing equipment can be detected as a test operating parameter. In the case of crushing equipment, regardless of the specific crushing type, there is always an input shaft that conveys kinetic energy to a movable part of the crushing equipment, such as the movable jaw of a jaw crusher, the rotor of a vibratory crusher, or the cone of a cone crusher. Here, the operating load can be derived from the rotational speed of the input shaft and the torque provided at the separately detected rotational speed. The torque of the input shaft is the torque of the machinery driving the input shaft, which may be converted by at least one gearbox disposed between the driving machinery and the input shaft.

[0073] Alternatively or additionally, the operating load, in the broadest sense, of the screening equipment can be detected as a parameter of operation. Because the screening equipment can function as a vibrating conveyor-like oscillating screen, its operating load can be represented by the amplitude and / or frequency of the periodic screening motion. Alternatively or additionally, the projectile angle caused by the periodic screening motion can be considered as a parameter influencing the operating load of the screening equipment. The screening equipment is also driven by a drive shaft to perform its periodic motion. The rotational speed of the screening equipment, and, if necessary, the torque provided at the detected rotational speed, is also an indicator of the operating load. Therefore, a screening equipment load sensor for detecting the operating load of the screening equipment can detect the amplitude and / or frequency and / or projectile angle of the motion and / or the associated rotational speed and / or torque of the drive shaft as its operating load.

[0074] The overload counter can take into account at least one load sensor described above, such as, for example, a crushing equipment load sensor, a screening equipment load sensor, and a drive equipment load sensor, or their detection results, and compare them with a predetermined load threshold stored in a data memory. For each instance of exceeding the predetermined load threshold, the overload counter can incrementally increase the count value for the corresponding load. The overload counter can summarize all such overload situations occurring in the rock processing facility in the count value, or the overload counter can use a common count value for a group of facility components and use individual count values ​​for one or more separate facility components, or the overload counter can use an individual count value for each facility component of interest.

[0075] Wear sensors can be formed by integrating a sensor into a wear component, for example, by setting a conductive circuit at a predetermined wear limit, such that the circuit fails when the wear limit is reached. Loss of conductivity can be easily detected. If multiple such wear sensors are placed at different wear locations on the wear component, particularly on the crushing tool of a crushing device, the wear process at the respective wear component can be observed in relation to the damage triggered separately by the circuit failure.

[0076] The data storage may store operating parameter data relationships, which quantitatively or qualitatively associate the detection signals of at least one operating sensor and / or variables inferred from the detection signals of at least one operating sensor with at least one control operating parameter of at least one facility component and / or at least one change in the control operating parameter, taking into account at least one predetermined target variable or at least one predetermined range of target variables. The control device is preferably configured to change at least one control operating parameter of at least one facility component based on the detection signals of at least one operating sensor, at least one predetermined target variable or at least one predetermined range of target variables, and at least one operating parameter data relationship.

[0077] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the expected value of at least one detection operating parameter may be at least one of at least one predetermined target variable. The control device may be configured to change at least one control operating parameter of at least one facility component based on the detection signal from at least one operating sensor and the relationship between at least one operating parameter, such that the actual value of at least one detection operating parameter is within a predetermined tolerance range around the expected value of at least one detection operating parameter.

[0078] The data storage device can store assembly information regarding the type and equipment or assembly of the rock processing facility, particularly the corresponding rock processing equipment. Therefore, for example, the data storage device can store information about the occupancy of at least one screening device and / or about the crushing tools assembled in at least one crushing device. Preferably, multiple, and particularly preferably, assembly information can be stored in the data storage device for each facility component. The at least one data relationship stored in the data storage device is preferably multiple data relationships. From these multiple data relationships, the control device can select one or a subgroup of data relationships in relation to the assembly information. This ensures that the operation of the rock processing facility can be controlled in an open-loop or closed-loop manner tailored to the corresponding facility status.

[0079] In addition to the operating parameters for rock processing facilities, the materials loaded into the rock processing facility also affect the final pellet product and the operating settings of the rock processing facility. To take into account the loading materials and their characteristics, the rock processing facility, according to an advantageous improvement, may have at least one of the following material parameters for detecting the loading materials:

[0080] - The type of material being filled,

[0081] - The moisture content of the filling material,

[0082] - The density of the filling material,

[0083] - The hardness of the filling material,

[0084] - The breakability of the filling material,

[0085] - The wear resistance of the filling material,

[0086] - The state of the filling material,

[0087] - The particle size of the filling material,

[0088] - Particle size distribution of the filling material,

[0089] - The particle shape of the filling material,

[0090] - The amount of material being filled, and

[0091] - The proportion of impurities, especially non-crushable impurities, in the filling material.

[0092] A highly influential operating parameter is the type of material loaded into and processed by the rock processing equipment. The type of material can be determined by one or more qualitative parameters and / or one or more quantitative parameters. Qualitative parameters, based on a predefined classification, can include, for example, the contents of “hard rock,” “soft rock,” “reinforced concrete,” “asphalt,” “asphalt blocks,” “construction debris,” “gravel,” “railway ballast,” or / or “other.”

[0093] Quantitative parameters may include, for example, values ​​for the density and / or hardness and / or breakability and / or abrasion resistance and / or moisture content of the material being filled or conveyed, determined according to known and preferred standard measurement methods. These parameters may also be determined qualitatively, and especially qualitatively only, according to a pre-defined classification. For example, parameters may have qualitative content such as “hard,” “medium-hard,” “soft,” “good breakability,” “medium breakability,” “poor breakability,” “low moisture,” “medium moisture,” “high moisture,” etc. Qualitative grading may have more than three levels.

[0094] For example, density can be quantitatively determined from optical volume measurements, such as by simultaneous weighing using a scale integrated into the conveying equipment. The moisture content of the material can be obtained using a corresponding moisture sensor. Abrasion resistance can be determined by LCPC testing. The fragility of the material can be determined in parallel with abrasion resistance during LCPC testing, or as the Los Angeles coefficient according to DIN EN 1097-2 in the respective currently valid texts.

[0095] If the composition of the packed rock is known, the control device can retrieve corresponding material values, such as hardness, density, abrasion resistance, and breakability, from a table stored in the aforementioned data storage based on input of the corresponding rock type via an input device. However, in principle, it is also possible to irradiate the packed material with high-energy electromagnetic radiation, such as X-ray radiation, and detect the material's irradiation response, and derive conclusions about the material's composition, properties, and characteristic values ​​from the detected irradiation response based on data relationships stored in the data storage. Additionally or alternatively, it is feasible to detect the packed material through image processing and determine the material type, for example, through an artificial intelligence model learned for this purpose.

[0096] Particle shape and / or particle size and / or particle size distribution and / or impurity content can be detected, for example, through image processing. Particle size distribution is a decisive factor in completing pre-screening, which in turn affects the quality of downstream crushing equipment and thus the amount of oversized particles accumulating. Particle shape and / or particle size and / or particle size distribution can be detected qualitatively and / or quantitatively. Impurities are especially indestructible materials such as plastics, wood, and steel. These impurities can interfere with the operation of rock processing facilities.

[0097] The state of materials can be classified, for example, as pre-crushed and uncrushed, where "pre-crushed" means pre-crushed by rock processing equipment. Pre-crushed material can be oversized particles returned from the same rock processing equipment. Alternatively or additionally, pre-crushed material can be transferred from other upstream rock processing equipment in the material flow to the relevant rock processing equipment. In the case of a mixture of pre-crushed and uncrushed materials, the state of the material can be given by the mixing ratio of the pre-crushed and uncrushed materials, especially the mass-related mixing ratio. The state of the material, such as particle shape, can in principle be detected by image processing. The state can additionally or alternatively be transmitted via data transmission from the pre-crushed and / or uncrushed material to a control device for processing the conveying mechanism passing through the respective rock processing equipment. The corresponding conveying mechanism can additionally transmit quantitative information about the material in the corresponding state along with the conveyor scale, such as a belt scale or shovel scale.

[0098] Material parameter data relationships can be stored in the data storage, which quantitatively or qualitatively associate the detection signals of at least one operating sensor and / or variables derived from the detection signals of at least one operating sensor with at least one control operating parameter of at least one facility component and / or at least one change in the control operating parameter, taking into account at least one predetermined target variable or at least one predetermined target variable range. The control device is configured to change at least one control operating parameter of at least one facility component based on the detection signals of at least one operating sensor, at least one predetermined target variable or at least one predetermined target variable range, and at least one operating parameter data relationship.

[0099] At least one control operating parameter may be a single operating parameter or preferably multiple different operating parameters, in order to specifically configure the rock processing facility to match its corresponding operating conditions as closely as possible. Possible control operating parameters have already been mentioned above in the description of possible sensors and the operation of the rock processing facility. In a preferred, broad embodiment, at least one control operating parameter may include at least one of the following operating parameters:

[0100] - The conveying power of the conveyor equipment that transports materials to the crushing equipment.

[0101] - Amplitude of the pre-screening excitation;

[0102] - Frequency of pre-screening excitation,

[0103] - Gap width of the breakage mechanism,

[0104] - Rotational speed of the crusher rotor,

[0105] - Expected fill level of the crushing equipment

[0106] - Amplitude of the post-screen excitation,

[0107] - Frequency of post-screen excitation.

[0108] Ideally, the rock processing facility should be configured to detect parameters that are helpful in setting its operation using sensors. However, specific operating parameters, especially those concerning the material being processed, require significant sensor input, particularly those related to abrasion resistance, crushability, and optionally density. To ensure the equipment can also supply parameters that are difficult to obtain using sensors, the rock processing facility preferably includes the input devices mentioned above for inputting at least one input parameter. The term "input parameter" also includes the parameters mentioned above, where the term should be used for illustrative purposes only; these parameters, unlike the detected operating parameters, are not detected by sensors but are input via input devices.

[0109] The input device is preferably connected to the control device in terms of signal transmission to transmit information, so that the control device can use the information input to the input device for further information processing.

[0110] The input device can be any type of input device, such as a keyboard, touchscreen, etc. The input device can also be connected to the control device via cable or wireless links for signal transmission, so that the control device does not necessarily have to be physically present at the rock processing facility. The connection between the input device and the control device for signal transmission, or at least one sensor, also applies when a data storage device is provided in the middle. Information input to the input device and / or information output by at least one sensor for detecting at least one operating parameter is stored as data in the data storage device and retrieved by the control device as stored data.

[0111] The data storage preferably stores input parameter data relationships that qualitatively and / or quantitatively associate at least one input parameter and / or a variable derived from at least one input parameter with at least one control operating parameter and / or at least one change in the control operating parameter of at least one facility component, taking into account at least one predetermined target variable or at least one predetermined range of target variables. In principle, the above-described content regarding other operating parameters and their respective data relationships applies accordingly to at least one input parameter and its input parameter data relationships. For control equipment, what is primarily decisive is that a particular operating parameter exists quantitatively or qualitatively and is available for further information processing. The source of the operating parameter, whether detected by a sensor or input to an input device, is not important for further information processing. This is particularly applicable to applications where at least one operating parameter is used as input data (Eingangsdatum / Eingangsdaten) associated with a data relationship related to another value of the operating parameter.

[0112] The linguistic distinctions in name-based data relationships, such as oversized particle data relationships, operating parameter data relationships, material parameter data relationships, and input parameter data relationships, should only be indicated if the data relationship quantitatively and / or qualitatively associates the corresponding parameter with another parameter. Different names should not be displayed; separate data relationships are mandatory here. Multidimensional data relationships can associate operating parameters and material parameters, more precisely, independently of their source as parameters detected or input by sensors, with one or more control parameters. Thus, the data relationships mentioned at the beginning can also be oversized particle data relationships, as well as operating parameter data relationships, material parameter data relationships, and input parameter data relationships. However, it should not be excluded that some operating or / and material parameters are quantitatively or qualitatively associated with control operating parameters via a unique multidimensional data relationship, and at least one other operating or / and material parameter is qualitatively or / or quantitatively associated with control operating parameters via separate data relationships. The latter can especially be the case where the input data of the separate data relationship has no interaction with the input data of the multidimensional data relationship.

[0113] Even as already stated, the input parameters can be any of the operating and / or material parameters and / or excessive particle size mentioned above, which can also be detected by sensors. For better overview, it is also stated below that at least one of the at least one input parameter can be one of the following parameters:

[0114] - The amount of large particles recalled per unit time.

[0115] - Energy consumption of rock processing facilities and / or their components

[0116] - The amount of material processed per unit time by the rock processing facility and / or its components.

[0117] - The operating load of at least one of the at least one crushing devices.

[0118] - The operating load of at least one drive unit in the rock processing facility.

[0119] - The number of overload conditions occurring per unit of time for at least one facility component.

[0120] - Wear and tear on facility components per unit of time

[0121] - The filling level of at least one conveying device,

[0122] - The conveying speed of at least one conveying device,

[0123] - The filling degree of at least one crushing device,

[0124] - The size of the crushing gap of at least one of the at least one crushing devices.

[0125] - The type of material being filled,

[0126] - The hardness of the filling material,

[0127] - The breakability of the filling material,

[0128] - The wear resistance of the filling material,

[0129] - The particle size of the filling material,

[0130] - Particle size distribution of the filling material,

[0131] - The amount of material being filled.

[0132] As the aforementioned quantity sensor, any sensor capable of detecting the volume and / or weight and / or mass of the packed useful particles can be used. At least one quantity sensor may, for example, include at least one of the following sensors:

[0133] - At least one conveyor belt scale for determining the weight of the amount of material loaded onto the conveyor belt of the conveying equipment.

[0134] - At least one stack sensor for detecting stack parameters, including stack height and / or configuration and / or volume, and / or the rate of change of stack parameters over time.

[0135] A conveyor belt scale can be used to measure the amount of material transported on a conveyor belt per unit time as mass or weight per unit time in a known manner. Preferably, the conveyor belt scale is installed in at least one of the unloading conveyor equipment.

[0136] The detection signal from at least one stack sensor can represent the state of the stack, particularly its size and / or configuration. The size of the stack can be represented by its height above the base supporting it, or by a parameter value from which the height can be inferred. Therefore, the size of the stack can also be inferred by detecting its configuration, for example, in a typically conical stack, by knowing the diameter of its flat base and the inclination or cone angle of its side surfaces relative to the base. Preferably, the stack sensor can sufficiently detect the stack configuration so that the volume of the stack can be determined with sufficient accuracy from the detection signal. If, for example, a conical stack is taken as a starting point, which is typically the configuration of a stacked pile, the stack volume can be calculated from the base occupied by the stack and its height and / or the inclination of the envelope of the profile formed by the imaging sensor. Because the particle size or even particle size distribution of the final particulate product typically piled in a heap is known or detectable by sensors, the bulk density of the heap can be inferred from the calculated volume of the heap, taking into account the known particle size and / or particle size distribution. Starting with the net heap volume derived from the heap volume and its bulk density, the net heap mass is inferred from the density of the processed material. The net heap mass of the heap formed below the unloading conveyor of the corresponding useful particle screening curve is the actual mass of the useful particle screening curve associated with that heap. Therefore, the actual mass can be determined for each heap of the useful particle screening curve. From the actual mass, the actual mass ratio can be formed for each of the two heaps in the total number of heaps of the useful particle screening curve.

[0137] To determine the stack configuration, at least one stack sensor can detect at least one configuration dimension of the stack as at least one stack parameter. Possible configuration dimensions are the previously mentioned parameters: stack height, diameter of the stack base or a generally characteristic dimension and / or area of ​​the stack base, and the tilt angle from the stack base toward the stack side surface extending along the height direction away from the stack base towards the stack top. The control device is then configured to determine the height position of the stack top based on at least one detected configuration dimension.

[0138] The rock processing equipment preferably includes a time measuring device, which is connected to the control device for signal transmission, with a data storage device provided in between if necessary. The time measuring device may be integrated into at least one of the aforementioned sensors and / or input devices and / or control devices. Through the signal from the time measuring device, the control device can correlate the detection event of at least one sensor and / or the input event of at least one input device with the event time. From the time interval of at least two events of the same type, such as detecting the same stack parameter or the same operating parameter, the control device can determine the rate of change associated with the corresponding event. Therefore, the control device can determine the rate of change of stack size and / or stack configuration from two detections of the state of stack height or, in general, stack size and / or stack configuration and the known time interval between these detection events. This is an example of determining the change in the height position of the stack top over time as a growth parameter of the stack.

[0139] From the obtained growth parameters and heap size and / or heap configuration, and by detecting known states, the control device can, for example, extrapolate to predict the continued quantitative development of the corresponding heap and set control operating parameters early based on the predicted development of the corresponding heap, so that the heaps develop individually and proportionally to each other in the desired manner.

[0140] Additionally, regarding the size and / or configuration of the pile, the filling degree of the unloading conveyor constituting the corresponding pile can be detected by at least one operational sensor, serving as an important operating parameter of the rock processing facility. The conveying power of the unloading conveyor therefore directly affects pile growth. Thus, by detecting the filling degree of the unloading conveyor accumulating the corresponding pile, the reliability of at least one obtained pile parameter can be checked or even corrected by control equipment. The corresponding situation applies to detecting the conveying speed of the unloading conveyor, through which the conveying operation constitutes the corresponding pile.

[0141] Regarding the physical principle of the application, at least one stack sensor may include a sensor that operates based on the principle of reflection, such as an ultrasonic sensor or radar, or / and at least one stack sensor may include an optical camera along with subsequent image processing.

[0142] A rock processing facility may be a single piece of rock processing equipment, comprising: a material loading device; the work unit; at least one conveying device for transporting material between facility components; at least two unloading conveying devices; the sensor device; and the control device. Preferably, the rock processing equipment is a mobile rock processing facility with a traveling mechanism that enables the rock processing equipment to change its installation location automatically and / or travel automatically between the installation location for rock processing operations and the transport vehicle for transporting the rock processing equipment. Due to the typically high weight of mobile, especially automatically traveling, rock processing equipment, the traveling mechanism is typically a tracked traveling mechanism, although wheeled traveling mechanisms should not be excluded as alternatives to or supplements to tracked traveling mechanisms.

[0143] Rock processing facilities may also include multiple such, particularly mobile, rock processing devices that work in a linked manner, such that upstream rock processing devices in the material flow are supplied with material loading equipment for downstream rock processing devices via unloading conveyors.

[0144] The crushing equipment can be any known crushing equipment, such as a vibratory crusher, jaw crusher, cone crusher, or roll crusher. If the rock processing facility has more than one crushing device, these crushing devices can be of the same type or different types. Each individual crushing device can be one of the aforementioned crusher types, namely, a vibratory crusher, jaw crusher, cone crusher, and roll crusher.

[0145] The aforementioned rock processing facilities can be used in all locations where materials to be processed are generated or supplied, such as quarries, gravel pits, demolition sites, and recycling centers. Therefore, the term "mineral material" includes both natural and processed mineral materials. The latter also includes building materials and excessively large particles that are recycled. Attached Figure Description

[0146] The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings show:

[0147] Figure 1 A rough schematic diagram of a construction site with rock processing equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0148] Figure 2 Show Figure 1 An enlarged schematic side view of rock processing equipment;

[0149] Figure 3 Show Figure 2 An enlarged schematic top view of rock processing equipment;

[0150] Figure 4A rough schematic diagram of a receiving device for outputting time information is shown; and

[0151] Figure 5 A rough schematic diagram is shown of a receiving device for outputting location information of a material loading device for loading material into a rock processing device. Detailed Implementation

[0152] exist Figure 1 In this context, the construction site is generally represented by 10. The central working equipment at the construction site 10 is the rock processing equipment 12, which includes a vibrating crusher 14 as a crushing device and a pre-screen (Vorsieb) 16 and a post-screen (Nachsieb) 18 as screening devices. Here, the construction site is preferably a quarry, but it can also be a recycling station or a demolition site for one or more buildings.

[0153] The material M to be processed by the rock processing equipment 12, that is, to be sorted and crushed according to size, is discontinuously loaded by the excavator 20, which is the loading equipment of the rock processing equipment 12, into the material loading equipment 22, which has a funnel-shaped material buffer 24.

[0154] A vibrating conveyor configured as a trough conveyor 26 transports material M from material loading equipment 22 to a pre-screen 16, which has two pre-screen plates 16a and 16b, wherein the upper pre-screen plate 16a has a larger screen aperture size and separates the following particle sizes and transports them to a vibrating crusher 14, the particle sizes of which need to be crushed according to the corresponding specifications for the final particle product to be achieved.

[0155] Particles falling through the upper pre-screen plate 16a are further sorted by the lower pre-screen plate 16b into a usable particle portion (Nutzkorn-Fraktion) 28 and an excessively small particle portion (Unterkorn-Fraktion). The usable particle portion corresponds to the technical specifications of the final particle product to be achieved, while the excessively small particle portion has a small particle size, making it unusable as a useful particle.

[0156] The quantities of piles or portions shown in the embodiments are merely exemplary. They may be greater than or less than the values ​​given in the examples. Furthermore, the excessively small particle portion 30, which is interpreted as waste in this example, may also be a useful particle portion, provided that the particle size range piled in portion 30 can be used for other applications.

[0157] The usable particle portion 28 increases the amount of crushed material output from the vibratory crusher 14 and is conveyed to the rear screen 18 via a first conveying device 32 configured as a belt conveyor. In the illustrated embodiment, the rear screen 18 also has two screen plates, or rear screen plates 18a and 18b, wherein the upper rear screen plate 18a has a larger screen aperture size. The upper rear screen plate 18a allows useful particles to fall through its screen apertures and separates the oversized particle portion 34, which has a particle size greater than the maximum desired particle size of the useful particles. The oversized particle portion 34 is led back to the material input section or pre-screen 16 of the vibratory crusher 14 via an oversized particle conveying device 36. In the illustrated embodiment, the oversized particle conveying device 36 is configured as a belt conveyor.

[0158] Therefore, the available particles in the available particle portion 28 include oversized particles and useful particles. Unlike the view in this embodiment, the oversized particle conveying device 36 can, for example, pivot outward from the machine frame 50 of the rock processing equipment 12, so that the oversized particle portion 34 is stored and not retrieved.

[0159] Useful particles that fall through the sieve holes of the upper rear sieve plate 18a are further separated into a fine particle portion 38 with a smaller particle size and a medium particle portion 40 with a larger particle size by the lower rear sieve plate 18b.

[0160] The fine particles 38 are stacked into a fine particle pile 44 and stored by a fine particle unloading conveying device 42 in the form of a belt conveyor.

[0161] Medium-sized particles 40 are stacked in a medium-sized particle unloading conveyor 46, which is also configured as a belt conveyor. Figure 1 Not shown in and in Figure 2 The medium-sized particle stack 48 is only roughly schematically shown in the diagram and is stored.

[0162] As a central structure, the rock processing equipment 12 has a machine frame 50, at which the aforementioned equipment components are directly or indirectly fixed or supported. As a central power source, the rock processing equipment 12 has a diesel internal combustion engine 52 supported at the machine frame 50, which generates all the energy consumed by the rock processing equipment 12, provided that this energy is not stored in an energy storage device, such as a battery. Additionally, the rock processing equipment 12, as long as it is present, can be connected to the construction site's electrical current on the construction site side.

[0163] The rock processing equipment 12, which may be part of a rock processing facility having multiple rock processing devices arranged in a common material flow, is, in the example shown, a mobile, more accurately automated rock processing equipment 12, having a tracked travel mechanism 54 that enables automatic location changes without an external traction machine via a hydraulic motor 56 that serves as the drive for the rock processing equipment 12.

[0164] The mining (Abbau) of the useful particle piles 44 and 48 and the pile of the excessively small particle portion 30 is carried out discontinuously by one or more wheel loaders 58, which serve as exemplary mining equipment. The pile of the excessively small particle portion 30 must also be mined regularly in order to ensure the uninterrupted operation of the rock processing equipment 12.

[0165] For the most favorable operational control, the rock processing equipment 12 has the following features: Figure 2 The enlarged view depicts the device components:

[0166] The rock processing equipment 12 includes a control device 60, for example, configured as an electronic data processing facility with integrated circuits, which controls the operation of the equipment components. For this purpose, the control device 60 can, for example, directly manipulate the drives or actuators of the equipment components, which in turn can move the components.

[0167] The control device 60 is connected to the data storage 62 for data exchange in terms of signal transmission, and is also connected to the input device 64 for inputting information. Information can be input to the input device 64, such as a touch screen, tablet computer, or keyboard, and stored in the data storage 62 by the input device.

[0168] In addition, the control device 60 is connected to the output device 66 in terms of signal transmission so as to output information.

[0169] The rock processing equipment 12 also includes various sensors for acquiring information about its operating status. These sensors are connected to the control device 60 for signal transmission, and in the illustrated example, are grounded and connected to the data storage 62. For better overview, only a few sensors are shown. Figure 2 As shown in the image.

[0170] A camera 70 is installed at the support frame 68. The camera records images of the material loading device 22 with the material buffer 24 and transmits them to the control device 60 for image processing. By means of the camera 70 and through image processing of the images of the material buffer 24 and the material loading device 22 recorded by the camera, the control device uses data relationships stored in the data memory 22 to determine the local filling degree of the material buffer 24.

[0171] Furthermore, the vibration amplitude and vibration frequency of the trough conveyor 26 are detected by a driver (not shown) and transmitted to a control device 60, which determines the conveying speed of the trough conveyor 26 from this information and determines the conveying power of the trough conveyor 26 toward the vibrating crusher 14, taking into account the local filling degree of the material buffer 24.

[0172] Through predetermined data relationships generated and / or developed, particularly through artificial intelligence methods, the control device 60 can identify the particle size distribution and even the material type in the material M in the material buffer 24 from the image information of the camera 70.

[0173] In the vibratory crusher 14, an upper vibratory rocker arm 72 and a lower vibratory rocker arm 74 are provided in a known manner. The rotational position of the upper vibratory rocker arm 72 is detected by a rotational position sensor 76, and the rotational position of the lower vibratory rocker arm 74 is detected by a rotational position sensor 78, and the data are transmitted to the control device 60. Using the rotational position sensors 76 and 78, the control device 60 can also determine the width of the upper crushing gap at the upper vibratory rocker arm 72 and the width of the lower crushing gap at the lower vibratory rocker arm 74.

[0174] The speed sensor 80 calculates the speed of the crushing rotor of the vibratory crusher 14 and transmits the speed to the control device 60.

[0175] Wear sensors may be provided at particularly worn components, such as impact bars, vibrating rocker arms, vibrating plates, and vibrating beams. These sensors record the wear progression, typically in the form of wear levels, and transmit this information to the control device 60. In the illustrated example, for better overview, the wear sensor device 82 is shown only at the lower vibrating rocker arm 74.

[0176] A first belt scale 84 is provided in the first conveying device 32, which detects the weight or mass of the material of the available granular portion 28 that is transported through the first conveying device 32. The control device 60 can determine the conveying speed of the first conveying device 32 via a speed sensor 86 in the deflector roller of the conveyor belt of the first conveying device 32, and can determine the conveying power of the first conveying device 32 in combination with the detection signal of the first belt scale 84.

[0177] The second belt scale 88 is installed in the fine particle unloading conveyor 42 and detects the mass or weight of the fine particles moving on the belt of the fine particle unloading conveyor 42 by the fine particle section 38. Similarly, the conveying speed of the fine particle unloading conveyor 42 can be determined by the speed sensor 90 in the deflector roller of the conveyor belt of the fine particle unloading conveyor 42, and the conveying power of the fine particle unloading conveyor 42 can be determined by the control device 60 in combination with the detection signal of the second belt scale 88.

[0178] A third belt scale 92 is installed in the oversized particle conveying device 36 and measures the weight or mass of the oversized particles conveyed by the oversized particle section 34 on the oversized particle conveying device 36. A speed sensor 94 of the steering roller of the conveyor belt of the oversized particle conveying device 36 measures the conveying speed of the oversized particle conveying device 36 and transmits the conveying speed to a control device 60. The control device can combine the detection signal from the third belt scale 92 to determine the conveying power of the oversized particle conveying device.

[0179] A first pile sensor 96 is installed at the longitudinal end of the unloading side of the fine particle unloading conveyor 42. This first pile sensor acts as a camera, recording images of the fine particle pile 44 and transmitting them as image information to the control device 60. The control device identifies the outline of the fine particle pile 48 through image processing and, based on the known imaging data from the camera of the first pile sensor 96, determines the configuration of the fine particle pile 48 based on the identified outline and calculates its volume. To simplify its information calculation without excessive error, the control device 60 can use an ideal conical configuration of the fine particle pile 48 as a starting point and calculate a volume close to the actual ideal cone of the fine particle pile 48. Therefore, when the pile sensor calculates the diameter D of the basic surface of the pile and the height h of the pile, as in... Figure 2 and 3 As shown in the example of heap 48, this may be sufficient.

[0180] exist Figure 1 A second pile sensor 98 is shown as an alternative or additional device. The second pile sensor 98 includes a flyable drone as a carrier, the movement of which can be remotely controlled by a control device 60. The second pile sensor 98 is also used to determine at least the height of the fine particle pile 48, and preferably, however, to determine its configuration and thus its volume. An advantage of using a drone or a sensor mounted at an elevated location, such as on a high pole or support, is that the sensor can detect the height and / or shape and / or volume of more than one pile. Thus, a number of sensors less than the total number of piles to be detected at the rock processing equipment 12, the rock processing facility, or the construction site 10 can be sufficient to detect each pile to be detected. Preferably, exactly one sensor is sufficient to detect virtually all the piles to be detected.

[0181] Each unloading conveyor that generates a pile preferably has at least one pile sensor or works in conjunction with a pile sensor.

[0182] The remaining unloading and conveying equipment, such as, for example, medium particle unloading and conveying equipment 46 and small particle unloading and conveying equipment 29, preferably also have belt scales and speed sensors for detecting the amount of material being transported on the respective conveying equipment, the conveying speed, and thus the conveying power.

[0183] The following is a detailed explanation of output device 66:

[0184] Output device 66 may, for example, have projection device 100 at support frame 68, so as to... Figure 2 The projection marks within the total filling area 102, which is the same as the output opening of the material buffer 24, are shown in the diagram. The total filling area 102 is selected such that particles falling along the direction of gravity reach the material filling device 22 instead of falling directly onto the pre-screen 16.

[0185] Output device 66 further includes a transmit / receive unit 104, which can transmit data via radio in a suitable data protocol to a receiving device configured to communicate with it, such as... Figure 4 and 5 The receiving device 106 in the middle and can be received by the receiving device.

[0186] Furthermore, the output device 66 has a first display device 108, for example, in a monitor configuration, for externally perceptible display of time information for the next material loading into the material loading device 22. Similarly, in the illustrated embodiment, the output device 66 may have a second display device 110, again for example, a monitor, for externally perceptible display of time and location information for the next pile mining operation. For this purpose, the display device 110 displays not only the time information of when the next pile mining operation should begin, but also the location information of which pile should be mined at the given time, and, if necessary, the quantity of the mentioned pile to be mined.

[0187] Furthermore, the excavator 20 includes a transmitting / receiving device 112 with a data storage device configured to communicate with the transmitting / receiving unit 104 of the rock processing equipment 12. Therefore, the transmitting / receiving device 112 can transmit important data about the excavator 20 to the transmitting / receiving unit 104, such as, for example, the capacity of its bucket 21 as its loading tool and / or its current GPS data.

[0188] Accordingly, the wheel loader 58 includes a transmit / receive device 114 with a data storage unit, which is configured to communicate with the transmit / receive unit 104 of the rock processing equipment 12. Thus, the transmit / receive device 112 can transmit important data about the wheel loader 58 to the transmit / receive unit, such as, for example, the capacity of its bucket 59 as its mining tool and / or its current GPS data.

[0189] The data storage 62, in the illustrated example, contains multiple data relationships that correlate operating and / or material parameters with each other. These data relationships can be obtained in advance through experimental runs with targeted parameter variations and stored in the data storage 62. Particularly for more complex, multidimensional data relationships, the use of artificial intelligence methods helps to determine the interaction relationships between operating and / or material parameters. Such obtained data relationships can be continuously verified, refined, and / or corrected during the continued operation of the rock processing equipment 12, preferably with the aid of artificial intelligence methods.

[0190] Discontinuous material loading naturally results in gushing material loading, where the gushing flow of material is limited by the size of the bucket 21 of the excavator 20. The time interval between two discontinuous material loadings is unpredictable and fluctuates.

[0191] To avoid interference during the operation of the rock processing equipment 12, the control equipment 60 obtains time information based on the detection signals of one or more of the previously mentioned sensors, the time information representing the future, in particular, the next time material will be loaded into the material loading equipment 22.

[0192] Therefore, the control device 60 preferably takes into account the locally differentiated filling degree of the material buffer 24 and the conveying power of the trough conveyor 26 and, for example, the small particle conveying device 29 and the first conveying device 32. Billanziell observation of the material flow from the trough conveyor 26 to the vibratory crusher 14 and the material flow from the small particle conveying device 29 and the first conveying device 32 to the vibratory crusher 14 shows whether the filling degree of the vibratory crusher 14 changes over time, for example, increases or decreases, thus providing a measure of whether the conveying power of the trough conveyor 26 can be maintained or must be varied. The conveying power of the trough conveyor 26, however, is decisive for how quickly the material buffer 24 should be emptied and reloaded. Alternatively or additionally, sensors for directly detecting the filling degree of the vibratory crusher 14 may be located at the rock processing equipment 12.

[0193] Similarly, the control device 60 takes into account the amount of excessively large particles brought back, since the excessively large particle portion 34 also contributes to the filling degree of the material buffer 24.

[0194] The predefined data relationships stored in the data memory 62 can associate the detection signals of the camera 70, the first belt scale 84, the speed sensor 86, the belt scale and speed sensor at the small particle unloading conveyor, the belt scale 92 and speed sensor 94 at the large particle conveyor 36, and the size of the bucket 21 of the excavator 20, as well as, if necessary, considering the removal of the excavator 20 from the material loading device 22, as input variables with time information as output variables, which indicates when the next material loading in the material loading device 22 should take place. This time information can be displayed at the first output device 108 in a suitable manner, such as as an hourglass, a waiting time bar, a countdown timer, or an analog clock view, perceptible to everyone in the field of view of the rock processing equipment 20.

[0195] The time information can also be transmitted via the transmit / receive unit 104 to a mobile receiving device 106, which can be used by the excavator operator 20. The mobile receiving device 106 can be a portable mobile device, such as a mobile phone, tablet, etc., or it can be fixedly installed in the excavator 20 as part of its control equipment and remain in the excavator 20.

[0196] exist Figure 4 For example, the time information displayed at the receiving device 106 is shown not only graphically in the upper half via a pointer display 107a, but also graphically in the lower half via a countdown timer 107b in alphanumeric form. In the illustrated case, the next material loading is expected at 00 minutes and 45 seconds.

[0197] Therefore, the control device 60 can progressively control the discontinuous material loading and ensure the best possible material flow in the rock processing equipment 12 even though the material loading is discontinuous.

[0198] By distinguishing the local or partial filling level in the material filling device 22 or the material buffer 24, the control device 60 can also control the next material filling not only in time, but also in location within the total filling area 102 of the material buffer 24 or the material filling device 22, or provide location information about the preferred material filling location within the total filling area 102, based on other data relationships stored in the data memory 62.

[0199] Thus, the material loading buffer 24 can be loaded as advantageously as possible over the total operating time of the rock processing equipment 12 by the corresponding configurations of the material loading device 22 and the rock processing equipment 12, wherein the corresponding configurations can be identified in the data memory 62 in a manner available to the control device 60 in the form of parameters.

[0200] Therefore, local overfilling of the material buffer 24 and direct loading of material onto the pre-screen 16 can be avoided. Furthermore, material can be loaded into areas where the filling level within the material buffer 24 is significantly reduced, thus ensuring a favorable material bed in the material loading device 22.

[0201] Therefore, based on predetermined data relationships, the control device 60 can output location information to the excavator 20's mechanical operator: where the next material loading should be carried out within the total loading area 102.

[0202] The output device 66 can output the location information to each person in a visible manner via the projection device 100, wherein the projection device 100 projects a mark to the location where the next material loading should be carried out within the total loading area 102 or within the material buffer 24.

[0203] Additional or alternative locations, such as those previously provided for the timing of the next material loading, can be output to the machine operator of the excavator 20 via receiving device 106. Figure 5 An embodiment of location information output is shown. The receiving device 106 is shown in a schematic description 197c of a material buffer 24 having a total loading area 102, and in which the desired loading location for the next material loading is marked within the total loading area 102 by appropriate markings 116. Additionally, the preferred unloading height or unloading height range to be followed can also be given quantitatively, for example in meters and / or centimeters, or qualitatively, for example by descriptions of qualitative unloading height parameters such as “low,” “medium,” and “high.” In particular, additional height information can be readily implemented when transmitting location information to excavator controls that are partially automated if necessary.

[0204] By means of the first or / and second pile sensors 96 or 98 at the corresponding unloading conveyors 29, 42 and 46, the control device 60 can detect, in a manner that can be derived from material parameters such as the type, particle size and particle size distribution of the material being loaded, the bulk density, the growth of the piles 30, 44 and 48 produced by the rock processing equipment 12, and primarily the changes or growth rates of the corresponding piles, and, in the context of data relationships generated and stored prior to application, determine the mining time information: when a particular pile should be mined by the wheel loader 58. This can prevent the piles from growing excessively and obstructing unloading via the unloading conveyors that produced the corresponding piles.

[0205] Furthermore, the control equipment can use the data relationships obtained for taking into account material parameters, such as particle size and particle size distribution, and density, to obtain additional mining information that indicates the scope in which mining should be carried out.

[0206] If the rock processing equipment 12, as in the current application, produces multiple piles, the output device 66 also outputs additional mining information, which identifies the piles involved in the mining time information.

[0207] Control device 60 can display mining time information and other mining information at a second display device 110 in a manner perceptible to everyone in the field of view of rock processing equipment 12. Additionally or alternatively, output device 66 can transmit information for the next pile mining operation to receiving device 106 via transmit / receive unit 104, where the information is output to the machine operator of the wheel loader in a graphical and / or alphanumeric manner.

[0208] Finally, the control device 60 can control the operating parameters of the rock processing equipment 12 based on the detection signals of suitable sensors, such that, in the illustrated embodiment, a predetermined desired ratio of fine particle quantity to medium particle quantity is obtained. Similarly, the control device 60 can control the rock processing equipment 12 based on correspondingly prepared data relationships, such that its energy consumption per unit quantity of processed mineral material reaches at least a local minimum or is reduced. Additionally or alternatively, the control device 60 can control the rock processing equipment 12 with the application of correspondingly prepared data relationships, such that an amount of oversized particles beneficial to the corresponding crushing process is drawn back, so that sufficient support particles exist in one or more crushing gaps due to the pre-crushed oversized particles. In practice, operation aimed at minimizing or eliminating oversized particles, due to the beneficial effect of oversized particles as support particles in the crushing gaps, is not necessarily the most economical operation of the rock processing equipment 12. That is, a very small amount of oversized particles usually means an excessive amount of over-crushed material, which is often undesirable. If the amount of material drawn back is reduced, the quality of the final product is also usually reduced, because the final product then contains less material from multiple crushing processes.

[0209] Here, the control device 60 can also strive to operate the rock processing equipment 12 based on the data relationships obtained from previous test runs with targeted parameter variations, or based on target variables or multiple target variables with further preset boundary conditions. Thus, for example, it strives to produce useful particles of different particle sizes with a predetermined quantity ratio while minimizing energy consumption and in the most favorable amount of excessively large particles being recalled.

[0210] In order to set the operation of the rock processing equipment 12, the control device 60 can change the conveying speed of one or more conveying devices according to at least one output variable of the data relationship used, can change the width of the crushing gap, especially the width of the upper crushing gap and / or the lower crushing gap, can change the rotor speed, and can control the material loading in the material loading device 22 in terms of location and time.

[0211] Input variables for operation optimization can be the size and / or height and / or growth of the useful particle piles, for example, the size and / or height and / or growth of the piles of oversized particles 30, the amount of oversized particles brought back, the particle size and particle size distribution of the filling, and material parameters that can be obtained in advance via input device 64. The input material parameters can include at least one of the following: material type, moisture content, hardness, density, crushability, abrasion resistance, the proportion of impurities in the filling and / or processed material, particle size and particle size distribution in each discharge conveyor. This list is not exhaustive. In the discharge conveyor, particle size and particle size distribution, and if necessary, particle shape, can be obtained by a camera along with image processing connected downstream. Particle size and particle size distribution in the discharge conveyor can also be obtained, additionally or alternatively, by the occupancy of a screening device upstream of the respective discharge conveyor in the material flow. Additionally or alternatively, the expected quantity of the corresponding final product can be used as an input variable for operation optimization.

[0212] By applying artificial intelligence methods, the control device 60, under desired conditions and with the participation of efficient external data processing equipment, can continuously improve the target accuracy of stored data relationships through its actual operation and the data and knowledge collected therein.

[0213] Therefore, the rock processing equipment 12 can not only optimize its own operation, but also gradually take on the organization of the entire construction site in the vicinity of the rock processing equipment 12.

[0214] In the illustrated embodiment, the only rock processing equipment 12 is a rock processing facility.

Claims

1. A rock processing facility having at least one rock processing device (12) for crushing and / or sorting granular mineral materials (M) according to size, wherein the rock processing facility comprises, as a component of the facility: - A material loading device (22) with a material buffer (24) for loading raw materials to be processed. - Each has at least one working unit, which is composed of + At least one crushing device (14), and It consists of at least one screening device (16, 18). - At least one conveying device (26, 36) for conveying material (M) between two facility components. - Unloading conveyor equipment (29, 42, 46) for conveying processed material from the rock processing facility to the stockpile (30, 44, 48). - Quantity sensors (84, 88, 92, 96, 98) are used to detect the following variables, which represent the amount of processed material discharged per unit time in or at the unloading conveyor (29, 42, 46). - A data storage device (62), which is connected to the control device (60) and / or the quantity sensors (88 / 90, 96, 98) in a signal transmission manner to transmit information. - The control device (60) is used to control the facility components of the rock processing facility, wherein the control device (60) is configured to control the operation of the facility components based on detection signals and based on at least one data relationship stored in the data memory (62), the data relationship associating the detection signals and / or variables derived from the detection signals with at least one control operating parameter of at least one facility component and / or at least one change in the control operating parameter. The rock processing facility has at least one oversized particle return device (36) that transports the oversized particle screening portion back to the material loading device (22) or the input area of ​​the crushing device (14) of the rock processing facility. Its features are, The rock processing facility, as a component of the facility, includes: - At least two unloading conveyors (29, 42, 46) for conveying processed material from the rock processing facility to piles (30, 44, 48), wherein each of the at least two unloading conveyors (29, 42, 46) conveys processed material with a different useful particle screening profile output by the at least one screening device. - At least one quantity sensor (88 / 90, 96, 98) for each of the at least two useful particle sieving curves, respectively, for detecting the quantity representing the amount of processed material discharged per unit time in the corresponding useful particle sieving curve. The control device (60) is configured to control the operation of at least one facility component based on detection signals and at least one data relationship stored in the data memory (62), wherein the detection signals represent the amount of material discharged per unit time in different useful particle screening curves, and the data relationship quantitatively or qualitatively associates the detection signals of the at least one quantity sensor (88 / 90, 96, 98) of the corresponding useful particle screening curve and / or variables derived from the detection signals of the at least one quantity sensor (88 / 90, 96, 98) of the corresponding useful particle screening curve with at least one control operating parameter and / or at least one change of the control operating parameter of at least one facility component, taking into account at least one predetermined target variable or at least one predetermined range of target variables, wherein the rock processing facility has an oversized particle quantity sensor (92 / 94) that detects the oversized particle quantity in the at least one The amount of oversized particles repatriated per unit time in at least one of the oversized particle repatriation devices (36), wherein an oversized particle data relationship is stored in the data memory (62), the oversized particle data relationship being quantitatively or qualitatively associated with at least one control operating parameter of at least one facility component and / or at least one change of control operating parameter, taking into account at least one predetermined target variable or at least one predetermined target variable range, based on the detection signal of the at least one oversized particle quantity sensor (92 / 94) and / or the variable derived from the detection signal of the at least one oversized particle quantity sensor (92 / 94).

2. The rock processing facility according to claim 1, Its features are, One of the at least one predetermined target variables is a desired quantity size defined for each of the at least two useful particle screening curves, the desired quantity size indicating the amount of useful particles that the relevant useful particle screening curve should output per unit of time, wherein the control device (60) is configured to change at least one control operating parameter of at least one facility component based on the detection signal and the at least one data relationship, such that the actual quantity size of the corresponding useful particle screening curve is within a predetermined tolerance range around its corresponding desired quantity size or / and the actual quantity ratio of the two different useful particle screening curves is within a predetermined tolerance range around the desired quantity ratio.

3. The rock processing facility according to claim 1 or 2, Its features are, One of the at least one predetermined target variables is the expected oversized particle size, which describes the amount of oversized particles that should be retrieved per unit of time, wherein the control device (60) is configured to change at least one control operating parameter of at least one facility component based on the detection signal of the at least one oversized particle sensor (92 / 94) and the at least one oversized particle data relationship, such that the actual oversized particle size of at least one of the at least one oversized particle retrieval devices (36) is within a predetermined tolerance range around the expected oversized particle size.

4. The rock processing facility according to claim 1 or 2, Its features are, The rock processing facility has at least one of the following operating sensors for detecting at least one operating parameter associated with a corresponding operating sensor: - At least one energy consumption sensor for detecting the energy consumption of the rock processing facility and / or its components, as a detection operating parameter associated with the energy consumption sensor. - At least one throughput sensor (84) for detecting the amount of material processed per unit time by the rock processing facility and / or its components, as a detection operating parameter associated with the throughput sensor. - At least one crushing equipment load sensor for detecting the operating load of at least one of the at least one crushing equipment, as a detection operating parameter associated with the load sensor. - At least one screening equipment load sensor for detecting the operating load of at least one of the at least one screening equipment as a detection operating parameter associated with the load sensor. - At least one drive equipment load sensor for detecting the operating load of at least one drive equipment of the rock processing facility as a detection operating parameter associated with the drive equipment load sensor. - An overload counter, used to detect the number of overload conditions occurring in at least one facility component per unit of time, as a detection operating parameter associated with the overload counter. - A wear sensor (82) for detecting wear occurring at facility components, as a detection operating parameter associated with the wear sensor (82). - At least one material buffer fill level sensor (70) for detecting the fill level of the material buffer (24) as a detection operating parameter associated with the material buffer fill level sensor. - At least one conveyor fill level sensor for detecting the fill level of at least one conveyor as a detection operating parameter associated with the conveyor fill level sensor. - At least one conveying device output speed sensor (86, 90, 94) is used to detect the conveying speed of at least one conveying device (32, 36, 42) as a detection operating parameter associated with the conveying device speed sensor (86, 90, 94). - At least one crushing equipment filling degree sensor for detecting the filling degree of at least one of the at least one crushing equipment, as a detection operating parameter associated with the crushing equipment filling degree sensor, and - At least one crushing gap sensor (76, 78) for detecting the size of the crushing gap of at least one of the at least one crushing devices (14), as a detection operating parameter associated with the crushing gap sensor. The data storage (62) stores operating parameter data relationships, which quantitatively or qualitatively associate the detection signals of the at least one operating sensor and / or variables derived from the detection signals of the at least one operating sensor with at least one control operating parameter of at least one facility component and / or at least one change in the control operating parameter, taking into account at least one predetermined target variable or at least one predetermined target variable range. The control device (60) is configured to change at least one control operating parameter of at least one facility component based on the detection signals of the at least one operating sensor, the at least one predetermined target variable or the at least one predetermined target variable range, and the at least one operating parameter data relationship.

5. The rock processing facility according to claim 4, Its features are, One of the at least one predetermined target variables is the expected value of the at least one detection operating parameter, wherein the control device (60) is configured to change at least one control operating parameter of at least one facility component based on the detection signal of the at least one operating sensor, the at least one predetermined target variable or the range of the at least one predetermined target variable and the data relationship of the at least one operating parameter, such that the actual value of the at least one detection operating parameter is within a predetermined tolerance range around the expected value of the at least one detection operating parameter.

6. The rock processing facility according to claim 1 or 2, Its features are, The rock processing facility has at least one material sensor (70) for detecting at least one of the following material parameters regarding the material being loaded: - The type of material being filled, - The moisture content of the filling material, - The density of the filling material, - The hardness of the filling material, - The breakability of the filling material, - The wear resistance of the filling material, - The state of the filling material, - The particle size of the filling material, - Particle size distribution of the filling material, - The particle shape of the filling material, - The amount of material being filled, and - The proportion of impurities in the filling material, Material parameter data relationships are stored in the data memory (62), which quantitatively or qualitatively associate the detection signals of the at least one material sensor and / or variables derived from the detection signals of the at least one material sensor (70) with at least one control operating parameter of at least one facility component and / or at least one change in the control operating parameter, taking into account at least one predetermined target variable or at least one predetermined target variable range, wherein the control device is configured to change at least one control operating parameter of at least one facility component based on the detection signals of the at least one material sensor (70), the at least one predetermined target variable or the at least one predetermined target variable range and the at least one material parameter data relationship.

7. The rock processing facility according to claim 6, Its features are, - The proportion of impurities is the proportion of indestructible impurities.

8. The rock processing facility according to claim 1 or 2, Its features are, The at least one control operating parameter includes at least one of the following operating parameters: - The conveying power of the conveying equipment that transports materials to the crushing equipment. - Amplitude of pre-screening excitation, - Frequency of pre-screening excitation, - Gap width of the breakage mechanism, - Rotational speed of the crusher rotor, - The rotational speed of the screen rotor or screen drive shaft. - The desired filling level of the crushing equipment - Amplitude of the post-screen excitation, - Frequency of post-screen excitation.

9. The rock processing facility according to claim 1 or 2, Its features are, The rock processing facility includes an input device (64) for inputting at least one input parameter, wherein the input device is connected to the control device (60) in a signal transmission manner to transmit information, wherein the input parameter data relationship is stored in the data memory (62), the input parameter data relationship qualitatively and / or quantitatively associating the at least one input parameter and / or variables derived from the at least one input parameter with at least one control operating parameter and / or at least one change of the control operating parameter of at least one facility component, taking into account at least one predetermined target variable or at least one predetermined range of target variables.

10. The rock processing facility according to claim 9, Its features are, At least one of the at least one input parameter is one of the following parameters: - The amount of excessively large particles recalled per unit of time. - Energy consumption of the rock processing facility and / or its components. - The throughput of material processed per unit time by the rock processing facility and / or its components. - The operating load of at least one of the at least one crushing devices (14), - The number of overload conditions occurring in at least one facility component per unit of time. - Wear and tear occurring at facility components per unit of time - The type of material being filled, - The hardness of the filling material, - The breakability of the filling material, - The wear resistance of the filling material, - The particle size of the filling material, - Particle size distribution of the filling material, - The amount of material being filled.

11. The rock processing facility according to claim 1 or 2, Its features are, The at least one quantity sensor includes at least one of the following sensors: - Conveyor belt scales (84, 88, 92) are used to determine the weight of the material loaded on the conveyor belt of a conveyor system. - Stack sensors (96, 98) for detecting stack parameters, including the height (h) and / or configuration and / or volume of the stack (30, 44, 48), and / or the rate of change of said stack parameters over time.

12. The rock processing facility according to claim 11, Its features are, The stack sensors (96, 98) include sensors that operate based on the principle of reflection and / or optical cameras with connected image processing devices.

13. The rock processing facility according to claim 12, Its features are, The sensor that operates based on the principle of reflection is an ultrasonic sensor or radar.

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