A simulation method and system for oil and gas pipeline network based on SCADA system

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of pipe network simulation, and discloses an oil and gas pipe network simulation method and system based on a SCADA system, which comprises the following steps: collecting oil and gas pipe data through the SCADA system to obtain a SCADA data set; performing data preprocessing on the SCADA data set to obtain a preprocessed data set; establishing an oil and gas pipe network simulation model, wherein the oil and gas pipe network simulation model comprises a connection point flow conservation equation; solving the oil and gas pipe network simulation model by using a characteristic line method to obtain the calculation value of the connection point in the oil and gas pipe network; and determining the error of the oil and gas pipe network simulation model according to the calculation value of the connection point and the collection value of the connection point collected by the SCADA system. When the oil and gas pipe network simulation model is established, the flow conservation equation is used instead of the mass conservation equation, so that the error caused by the mass conservation equation in the conversion process is avoided, and the simulation precision of the simulation model is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pipeline network simulation technology, and in particular to a method and system for simulating oil and gas pipeline networks based on a SCADA system. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the development and use of natural gas have become increasingly widespread, and natural gas transmission pipeline systems have also grown and expanded accordingly. A gas pipeline is an integrated hydraulic system, and changes in the operating conditions of any part of the pipeline will affect the operation of the entire pipeline system, resulting in changes in transmission efficiency, compressor operating conditions, and pipeline pressure.

[0003] Currently, gas transmission pipeline systems are becoming increasingly large and complex, with most characterized by high transmission pressure, large transmission flow, long transmission distance, numerous operating equipment, and complex transmission processes. To ensure the safe and stable operation of pipelines, on-site dispatchers of gas pipelines face the challenge of how to effectively and promptly adjust the pipeline operation status according to changes in the actual on-site conditions.

[0004] In the existing technology, there are technical solutions for simulating natural gas pipeline networks based on Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) data. For example, Chinese invention patent CN109344436A discloses an online simulation method for a large and complex natural gas pipeline network system. First, a pipeline network simulation model is established, SCADA data is connected, then real-time data is associated with the simulation model, static simulation is performed, and finally online simulation is performed. This describes the flow state, distribution, and change process of the pipeline network at various moments under real-time conditions, describes the response and change process of various operations, controls, and events, gives the hydraulic and thermal change trends, and uses the Newton-Raphson iterative method to solve the problem, calculating layer by layer, and finally obtaining a dynamic simulation of the real-time state of the pipeline.

[0005] However, the above-mentioned solutions do not process SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) data before inputting it into the model, resulting in unsatisfactory simulation accuracy. In addition, in the existing technology, pipeline network simulation is achieved through the mass conservation equation, but the mass data is not obtained from sensors and needs to be calculated. The calculation process is prone to introducing errors, resulting in low model simulation accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a simulation method and system for oil and gas pipeline networks based on SCADA systems, in order to solve the problems in the prior art where SCADA data is directly input into the model without processing, and where mass data needs to be calculated first to realize pipeline network simulation through mass conservation equations, resulting in low simulation accuracy.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention specifically provides the following technical solution:

[0008] Firstly, this invention provides a simulation method for oil and gas pipeline networks based on a SCADA system. The method includes: acquiring oil and gas pipeline data through a SCADA system to obtain a SCADA dataset, whereby the oil and gas pipeline data includes pressure data, flow data, and temperature data at the acquisition points. The SCADA dataset is then preprocessed to obtain a preprocessed dataset. An oil and gas pipeline network simulation model is established, including a flow conservation equation at connection points. This equation is used to calculate the inflow and outflow of natural gas at the connection points while maintaining the same inflow and outflow rates. Connection points include compressor stations, metering stations, and valve chambers. Based on the preprocessed dataset, the simulation model is solved using the method of characteristics to obtain the calculated values ​​of the connection points in the oil and gas pipeline network. Finally, the error of the oil and gas pipeline network simulation model is determined based on the calculated values ​​of the connection points and the acquired values ​​from the SCADA system.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one alternative implementation, the aforementioned SCADA dataset includes anomalous data, which includes missing data and noisy data; missing data represents data that is missing during the acquisition period, and noisy data represents anomalous data generated by the SCADA system due to faults.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one alternative implementation, the above-mentioned data preprocessing of the SCADA dataset to obtain a preprocessed dataset includes: imputing missing data in the SCADA dataset using first imputation data, which is determined by the average of the previous and next adjacent data of the same type. Identifying outlier data in the SCADA dataset. Deleting outlier data and imputing it again using second imputation data, which is determined by the average of the previous and next adjacent data of the same type.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one alternative implementation, the determination of anomalous data in the SCADA dataset includes: identifying multiple dense regions of similar data within the SCADA dataset; determining multiple clusters based on these dense regions; and determining the boundary range of each cluster within the multiple clusters. Data in the SCADA dataset that falls outside all boundary ranges is then identified as anomalous data.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one alternative implementation, the expression for the above connection point flow conservation equation is:

[0013]

[0014] Among them, a n p represents the concentration of natural gas at the connection point. nV represents the density of natural gas at the junction. n Let G be the velocity of the natural gas at the connection point, t be time, and G be the velocity of the natural gas. f,in G represents the natural gas flow rate into the connection point. f,out Γ represents the natural gas flow rate at the connection point, and Γ represents the flow rate during phase change.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one alternative implementation, the aforementioned oil and gas pipeline network simulation model further includes: a connection point energy conservation equation, the expression of which is:

[0016]

[0017] Where M is the natural gas flow rate, A is the pipe cross-sectional area at the connection point, t is time, ρ is the fluid density, P is the pressure at the connection point, x is the position variable, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. Let f be the slope of the pipe, f be the coefficient of friction, and D be the inner diameter of the pipe.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one alternative implementation, the aforementioned oil and gas pipeline network simulation model further includes: a pipeline network structure equation, the expression of which is:

[0019] ο=ε-r+1;

[0020] Where o is the number of connection points in the pipeline network, ε is the number of equipment components in the pipeline network, and r is the number of loops in the pipeline network.

[0021] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one alternative implementation, the above-mentioned method of using the method of characteristics to solve the simulation model of the oil and gas pipeline network based on the preprocessed dataset to obtain the solution values ​​of the connection points in the oil and gas pipeline network includes: converting all equations in the oil and gas pipeline network simulation model into partial differential equations; converting the partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations using characteristic lines; and substituting the data of the connection points in the preprocessed dataset into the ordinary differential equations for solution, determining the pressure, velocity, and density of the connection points, and obtaining the solution values ​​of the connection points.

[0022] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one alternative implementation, after determining the error of the oil and gas pipeline network simulation model based on the solution values ​​of the connection points and the acquired values ​​of the connection points collected by the SCADA system, the method further includes: if the error is less than or equal to an error threshold, determining that the oil and gas pipeline network simulation model meets the requirements. If the error is greater than the error threshold, when solving the oil and gas pipeline network simulation model using the method of characteristics, the characteristic lines are changed to determine a new ordinary differential equation.

[0023] Secondly, this invention provides an oil and gas pipeline network simulation system based on a SCADA system, comprising: a cloud server, a data acquisition module, and a data processing module, wherein the data processing module is connected to the data acquisition module and the cloud server. The data acquisition module is used to acquire oil and gas pipeline data and transmit the data to the data processing module. The oil and gas pipeline data includes: pressure data, flow data, and temperature data at the acquisition points. The data processing module is used to receive the oil and gas pipeline data, perform data preprocessing to obtain a preprocessed dataset, and transmit the preprocessed dataset to the cloud server. The cloud server is used to establish and run an oil and gas pipeline network simulation model. Based on the preprocessed dataset, the characteristic line method is used to solve the oil and gas pipeline network simulation model to obtain the solution values ​​of the connection points in the oil and gas pipeline network. The oil and gas pipeline network simulation model includes a connection point flow conservation equation, which is used to calculate the inflow and outflow of natural gas at the connection points while maintaining the same inflow and outflow of natural gas at the connection points. The connection points include: compressor stations, metering stations, and valve chambers.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0025] In establishing a simulation model of an oil and gas pipeline network, this invention uses the flow conservation equation instead of the mass conservation equation, thereby avoiding the errors that may be caused by the conversion process of the mass conservation equation. The flow conservation equation can directly calculate the pressure, velocity and density at various locations in the pipeline from the sensor detection data, thus improving the simulation accuracy of the simulation model.

[0026] Furthermore, by processing the actual data collected by the SCADA system and comparing it with the calculated values ​​from the model, this invention eliminates the acquisition and random errors of the SCADA system, making the values ​​compared with the model values ​​more reflective of the true values. On the other hand, by verifying the simulation calculation accuracy of the model through actual values, it can determine whether the model needs to be adjusted, thereby further improving the simulation accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the oil and gas pipeline network simulation method based on the SCADA system provided for the implementation of this invention.

[0029] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the method for preprocessing SCADA datasets provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an oil and gas pipeline network simulation system based on a SCADA system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more.

[0033] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0034] To address the problems of low simulation accuracy caused by directly inputting SCADA data into the model without processing it, and by requiring mass data to be calculated before implementing pipeline network simulation using the mass conservation equation, this application provides a method and system for simulating oil and gas pipeline networks based on a SCADA system.

[0035] The solutions provided in the embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] For details, see Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the simulation method for oil and gas pipeline networks based on a SCADA system. (See attached diagram.) Figure 1 As shown, the oil and gas pipeline network simulation method based on SCADA system provided in this embodiment of the invention includes the following steps S100-S500:

[0037] S100: Collect oil and gas pipeline data through the SCADA system to obtain SCADA dataset.

[0038] The oil and gas pipeline data includes: pressure data, flow data, and temperature data at the collection points.

[0039] In some embodiments, the SCADA dataset (i.e., oil and gas pipeline data) includes anomalous data, which includes missing data and noisy data. Missing data represents data gaps within the acquisition period, i.e., data gaps at a specific point in time or over a specific period within the SCADA dataset. Missing data is caused by equipment malfunction or data loss during transmission. Noisy data represents anomalous data generated by a fault in the SCADA system.

[0040] In some embodiments, data anomalies manifest as excessive distance between data points and data clusters. The causes of data anomalies may include interference caused by factors such as abnormal acquisition equipment, sensor malfunction, or operator error.

[0041] S200. Perform data preprocessing on the SCADA dataset to obtain the preprocessed dataset.

[0042] Specifically, due to the presence of anomalous data in the SCADA dataset, data preprocessing is necessary to improve simulation accuracy.

[0043] In some embodiments, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a method for preprocessing SCADA datasets according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the data preprocessing of the SCADA dataset described above specifically includes the following steps S201-S203:

[0044] S201. The missing data in the SCADA dataset is supplemented by the first supplementary data, which is determined by the average value of the same type of data at the previous point and the next point adjacent to the missing data.

[0045] S202. Identify abnormal data in the SCADA dataset.

[0046] In some embodiments, the method for determining anomalous data in a SCADA dataset specifically includes: first, identifying multiple dense regions of similar data in the SCADA dataset; then, determining multiple clusters based on the multiple dense regions, and determining the boundary range of each cluster; finally, identifying data in the SCADA dataset that falls outside all boundary ranges as anomalous data.

[0047] S203. Delete the abnormal data and supplement the abnormal data with the second supplementary data, which is determined by the average value of the previous and next points of the same type of data adjacent to the abnormal data.

[0048] S300. Establish a simulation model of the oil and gas pipeline network.

[0049] The oil and gas pipeline network simulation model includes: the connection point flow conservation equation, which is used to calculate the inflow and outflow of natural gas at the connection point and keep the inflow and outflow of natural gas at the connection point the same. The connection points include: compressor stations, metering stations and valve chambers.

[0050] Specifically, in existing related technologies, when simulating oil and gas pipeline networks, the mass conservation equation is generally combined with other equations to simulate the pipeline network. However, for oil and gas pipeline networks, mass conservation needs to consider many factors, and the mass data of each SCADA monitoring point cannot be directly obtained. Therefore, this embodiment sets a flow conservation equation for oil and gas pipeline network simulation.

[0051] In some embodiments, the expression for the above-mentioned connection point flow conservation equation is:

[0052]

[0053] Among them, a n p represents the concentration of natural gas at the connection point. n V represents the density of natural gas at the junction. n Let G be the velocity of the natural gas at the connection point, t be time, and G be the velocity of the natural gas. f,in G represents the natural gas flow rate into the connection point. f,out Γ represents the natural gas flow rate at the connection point, and Γ represents the flow rate during phase change.

[0054] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned oil and gas pipeline network simulation model further includes: a connection point energy conservation equation, the expression of which is:

[0055]

[0056] Where M is the natural gas flow rate, A is the pipe cross-sectional area at the connection point, t is time, ρ is the fluid density, P is the pressure at the connection point, x is the position variable, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. Let f be the slope of the pipe, f be the coefficient of friction, and D be the inner diameter of the pipe.

[0057] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned oil and gas pipeline network simulation model further includes: a pipeline network structure equation, the expression of which is:

[0058] ο=ε-r+1;

[0059] Where o is the number of connection points in the pipeline network, ε is the number of equipment components in the pipeline network, and r is the number of loops in the pipeline network.

[0060] S400. Based on the preprocessed dataset, the characteristic line method is used to solve the simulation model of the oil and gas pipeline network to obtain the solution values ​​of the connection points in the oil and gas pipeline network.

[0061] In this embodiment of the application, the calculated values ​​of the connection point include: pressure, flow rate, and density.

[0062] In some embodiments, solving the simulation model of the oil and gas pipeline network using the method of characteristics may specifically include the following steps S401-S403:

[0063] S401. Convert all equations in the oil and gas pipeline network simulation model into partial differential equation form.

[0064] S402. Convert the partial differential equation into an ordinary differential equation using characteristic lines.

[0065] S403. Based on the data of the connection points in the preprocessed dataset, substitute them into the ordinary differential equations for solution to determine the pressure, velocity, and density of the connection points, and obtain the solution values ​​of the connection points.

[0066] The pressure, flow velocity, and density of all connection points in the oil and gas pipeline network can be obtained through the above steps.

[0067] S500. Based on the calculated values ​​of the connection points and the collected values ​​of the connection points acquired by the SCADA system, determine the error of the oil and gas pipeline network simulation model.

[0068] In some embodiments, after determining the error of the oil and gas pipeline network simulation model, if the error is less than or equal to an error threshold, the simulation model is deemed to meet the requirements. If the error is greater than the error threshold, during the solution process of the oil and gas pipeline network simulation model using the method of characteristics (e.g., S402 above), the characteristic lines can be changed to determine a new ordinary differential equation, which can then be solved again to obtain the solution values ​​for the new connection points.

[0069] In this embodiment of the invention, when establishing a simulation model of an oil and gas pipeline network, the flow conservation equation is used instead of the mass conservation equation, thereby avoiding the errors that may be caused by the mass conservation equation during the conversion process. The flow conservation equation can directly calculate the pressure, flow velocity and density at various locations in the pipeline from the sensor detection data, thereby improving the simulation accuracy of the simulation model.

[0070] Furthermore, by processing the actual data collected by the SCADA system and comparing it with the calculated values ​​from the model, this embodiment of the invention eliminates the acquisition and random errors of the SCADA system, making the values ​​compared with the model values ​​more reflective of the true values. On the other hand, by verifying the simulation calculation accuracy of the model through actual values, it can determine whether the model needs to be adjusted, thereby further improving the simulation accuracy.

[0071] In some embodiments, the present invention also provides an oil and gas pipeline network simulation system based on a SCADA system.

[0072] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an oil and gas pipeline network simulation system based on a SCADA system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, the oil and gas pipeline network simulation system 300 includes: a data acquisition module 301, a data processing module 302, and a cloud server 303. The data processing module 302 is connected to the data acquisition module 301 and the cloud server 303.

[0073] The acquisition module 301 is used to acquire oil and gas pipeline data and transmit the oil and gas pipeline data to the data processing module. The oil and gas pipeline data includes: pressure data, flow data, and temperature data at the acquisition points.

[0074] The data processing module 302 is used to receive oil and gas pipeline data, perform data preprocessing on the oil and gas pipeline data to obtain a preprocessed dataset, and transmit the preprocessed dataset to the cloud server 303.

[0075] Cloud server 303 is used to build and run an oil and gas pipeline network simulation model. Based on the preprocessed dataset, the characteristic line method is used to solve the oil and gas pipeline network simulation model to obtain the solution values ​​of the connection points in the oil and gas pipeline network. The oil and gas pipeline network simulation model includes: the connection point flow conservation equation, which is used to calculate the inflow and outflow of natural gas at the connection points while maintaining the same inflow and outflow rates. The connection points include: compressor stations, metering stations, and valve chambers.

[0076] In some embodiments, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a data processing program, which is executed by a processor using the above-described oil and gas pipeline network simulation method based on a SCADA system.

[0077] Those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments described herein can be provided as methods, apparatus (devices), or computer program products. Therefore, this document may take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. This includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical disc storage, magnetic cartridges, magnetic tape, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired information and can be accessed by a computer. Furthermore, it is well known to those skilled in the art that communication media typically contain computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in modulated data signals such as carrier waves or other transmission mechanisms, and may include any information delivery medium.

[0078] This document is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (devices), and computer program products according to embodiments herein. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0079] The above description is merely one embodiment of the present invention, but it cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention. Any structural changes made based on the present invention, as long as they do not lose the essence of the present invention, should be considered as falling within the protection scope of the present invention and subject to its restrictions.

[0080] It should be noted that the system provided in the above embodiments is only illustrated by the division of the above functional modules. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the modules or steps in the embodiments of the present invention can be further decomposed or combined. For example, the modules in the above embodiments can be merged into one module, or further divided into multiple sub-modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The names of the modules and steps involved in the embodiments of the present invention are only for distinguishing the various modules or steps and are not considered as an improper limitation of the present invention.

[0081] The term "comprising" or any other similar term is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus / device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent in such process, method, article, or apparatus / device.

[0082] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after such changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0083] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulation method for oil and gas pipeline networks based on a SCADA system, characterized in that, include: The oil and gas pipeline data is collected by the SCADA system to obtain the SCADA dataset. The oil and gas pipeline data includes: pressure data, flow data and temperature data of the collection points. The SCADA dataset is preprocessed to obtain a preprocessed dataset; An oil and gas pipeline network simulation model is established, which includes a connection point flow conservation equation. The connection point flow conservation equation is used to calculate the inflow and outflow of natural gas at the connection point and keep the inflow and outflow of natural gas at the connection point the same. The connection point includes: a compressor station, a metering station, and a valve chamber. Based on the preprocessed dataset, the characteristic line method is used to solve the simulation model of the oil and gas pipeline network to obtain the solution values ​​of the connection points in the oil and gas pipeline network. The error of the oil and gas pipeline network simulation model is determined based on the calculated values ​​of the connection points and the collected values ​​of the connection points acquired by the SCADA system. The expression for the flow conservation equation at the connection point is: ； in, The concentration of natural gas at the connection point. The density of natural gas at the junction point. The velocity of the natural gas at the connection point. For time, This represents the natural gas flow rate into the connection point. The value of the natural gas flow rate out of the connection point. The flow rate is the phase change flow rate.

2. The oil and gas pipeline network simulation method based on SCADA system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The SCADA dataset includes anomalous data, which includes missing data and noisy data. The missing data represents data that is missing during the acquisition period, and the noisy data represents anomalous data generated by the SCADA system due to a fault.

3. The oil and gas pipeline network simulation method based on SCADA system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of preprocessing the SCADA dataset to obtain the preprocessed dataset includes: The missing data in the SCADA dataset is supplemented by the first supplementary data, which is determined by the average of the previous and next points of similar data adjacent to the missing data. Identify the abnormal data in the SCADA dataset; The abnormal data is deleted, and the abnormal data is supplemented with second supplementary data, which is determined by the average value of the previous and next points of similar data adjacent to the abnormal data.

4. The oil and gas pipeline network simulation method based on SCADA system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of determining abnormal data in the SCADA dataset includes: Identify multiple dense regions of similar data in the SCADA dataset; Multiple clusters are determined based on the multiple dense regions, and the boundary range of each cluster in the multiple clusters is determined; Data in the SCADA dataset that falls outside all of the stated boundary ranges is identified as anomalous data.

5. The oil and gas pipeline network simulation method based on SCADA system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oil and gas pipeline network simulation model also includes: a connection point energy conservation equation, the expression of which is: ； in, Let be the natural gas flow rate, A be the pipe cross-sectional area at the connection point, t be time, ρ be the fluid density, P be the pressure at the connection point, x be the position variable, and g be the acceleration due to gravity. Let f be the slope of the pipe, f be the coefficient of friction, and D be the inner diameter of the pipe.

6. The oil and gas pipeline network simulation method based on SCADA system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oil and gas pipeline network simulation model also includes: pipeline network structure equations, the expression of which is: ； Where o is the number of connection points in the pipeline network, ε is the number of equipment components in the pipeline network, and r is the number of loops in the pipeline network.

7. The oil and gas pipeline network simulation method based on SCADA system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of solving the oil and gas pipeline network simulation model using the method of characteristics based on the preprocessed dataset to obtain the solution values ​​of the connection points in the oil and gas pipeline network includes: All equations in the oil and gas pipeline network simulation model are converted into partial differential equations. The partial differential equation is converted into an ordinary differential equation using a characteristic line; Based on the data of the connection points in the preprocessed dataset, the ordinary differential equations are substituted into the equations for solution to determine the pressure, flow velocity, and density of the connection points, thereby obtaining the solution values ​​of the connection points.

8. The oil and gas pipeline network simulation method based on SCADA system according to claim 7, characterized in that, After determining the error of the oil and gas pipeline network simulation model based on the calculated values ​​of the connection points and the collected values ​​of the connection points acquired by the SCADA system, the method further includes: If the error is less than or equal to the error threshold, the oil and gas pipeline network simulation model is determined to meet the requirements. If the error exceeds the error threshold, when solving the oil and gas pipeline network simulation model using the method of characteristics, the characteristic lines are changed to determine a new ordinary differential equation.

9. A simulation system for oil and gas pipeline networks based on SCADA, characterized in that, include: The system comprises a cloud server, a data acquisition module, and a data processing module, wherein the data processing module is connected to the data acquisition module and the cloud server; wherein... The acquisition module is used to acquire oil and gas pipeline data and transmit the oil and gas pipeline data to the data processing module. The oil and gas pipeline data includes: pressure data, flow data, and temperature data at the acquisition point. The data processing module is used to receive the oil and gas pipeline data, perform data preprocessing on the oil and gas pipeline data to obtain a preprocessed dataset, and transmit the preprocessed dataset to the cloud server. The cloud server is used to establish and run an oil and gas pipeline network simulation model. Based on the preprocessed dataset, the characteristic line method is used to solve the oil and gas pipeline network simulation model to obtain the solution values ​​of the connection points in the oil and gas pipeline network. The oil and gas pipeline network simulation model includes a connection point flow conservation equation, which is used to calculate the inflow and outflow of natural gas at the connection point and keep the inflow and outflow of natural gas at the connection point the same. The connection point includes a compressor station, a metering station, and a valve chamber. The expression for the flow conservation equation at the connection point is: ； in, The concentration of natural gas at the connection point. The density of natural gas at the junction point. The velocity of the natural gas at the connection point. For time, This represents the natural gas flow rate into the connection point. The value of the natural gas flow rate out of the connection point. The flow rate is the phase change flow rate.

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