Pyrolysis reactor, dust removal and recycling device and organic solid waste treatment equipment

Abstract

The application discloses a pyrolysis reactor, a dust removal and material returning device and an organic solid waste treatment equipment. The pyrolysis reactor comprises a reactor shell, which is provided with a heat carrier feeding port, a pyrolysis material feeding port, a pyrolysis gas outlet and a residual carbon outlet; the reactor shell also accommodates a plurality of rotating shafts arranged in parallel, and adjacent two shafts rotate towards each other to push the mixture of heat carriers and materials; and shaft seal structures are arranged at both ends of the reactor to ensure the sealing of the whole equipment. The dust removal and material returning device comprises a louvered backflow dust remover, a multi-tube dust removal and material returning device and a bin, and the dust separated by the louvered backflow dust remover and the multi-tube dust removal and material returning device enters the bin. The pyrolysis reactor provided by the application meets the stable operation under high-temperature working conditions and solves the problem that the reactor cannot continuously and stably treat waste organic solids and liquid waste under high-temperature expansion. The dust removal and material returning device provided by the application separates the dust in the pyrolysis oil gas and returns the dust to the pyrolysis reactor, thereby preventing coking in the pyrolysis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of pyrolysis of organic solid waste, and in particular to a pyrolysis reactor, a dust removal and return device, and an organic solid waste treatment equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Pyrolysis is a technology that utilizes the thermal instability of organic matter by heating it under anaerobic or oxygen-deficient conditions, causing the organic matter to undergo thermal decomposition and generate small-molecule substances and solid residues. This technology can transform organic materials from low-energy-density substances into high-energy-density substances, making it a highly promising environmental protection technology for solid waste treatment.

[0003] The pyrolysis reactor is the core equipment in a pyrolysis system, responsible for heating and pyrolyzing materials. Its structure varies depending on the pyrolysis process, and it can be either horizontal or vertical. The main types include rotary kilns, fixed-bed reactors, and fluidized-bed reactors.

[0004] The temperature inside the pyrolysis reactor reaches 850℃. If the rotating shaft is directly exposed to this high-temperature environment, its performance will be affected. To minimize energy loss while ensuring the shaft's performance, a certain thickness of refractory material should be laid on its surface. However, as the equipment operates, friction and abrasion occur between the refractory material and the material, causing it to detach and affecting the overall pyrolysis reaction. Furthermore, the material can easily adhere to the inner wall of the reactor.

[0005] Pyrolysis reactors require continuous operation at high temperatures. The rotating shaft of the reactor needs to be designed as a hollow structure to allow cooling gas to pass through. However, this design leads to localized low temperatures on the shaft surface, causing the material in contact with it to coke upon cooling. The pyrolysis gas contains a significant amount of dust, making it prone to coking when cooled. Dust removal from the pyrolysis oil and gas requires a high-temperature environment. After the pyrolysis gas cools and condenses, dust concentrates in the pyrolysis oil, making the separation of tar and dust extremely difficult. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a pyrolysis reactor with a novel structure, which ensures stable operation under high-temperature conditions and solves the problem that reactors cannot continuously and stably process waste organic solids and liquids due to high-temperature expansion. It also provides a high-temperature pyrolysis oil and gas dust removal and return device, which can separate dust from the pyrolysis oil and gas and return it to the pyrolysis reactor, effectively preventing coking during pyrolysis.

[0007] In a first aspect, a pyrolysis reactor is provided, comprising: The reactor comprises an external structure, a feeding and discharging system, a pyrolysis aid system, a cooling device, a transmission device, and a dust removal device. The external structure consists of a reactor shell as the main body. The feeding and discharging system comprises a heat carrier inlet, a pyrolysis material inlet, a pyrolysis gas outlet, and a residual carbon outlet located on the reactor shell. The heat carrier inlet and the pyrolysis material inlet are located on the same side of the reactor shell, the pyrolysis gas outlet and the residual carbon outlet are located on the same side of the reactor shell, and the pyrolysis material inlet and the residual carbon outlet are located on opposite sides of the reactor shell. The main body of the pyrolysis system consists of multiple rotating shafts placed inside the reactor shell. The multiple rotating shafts are arranged in parallel, and the rotation directions of two adjacent rotating shafts are opposite. The multiple rotating shafts are used to drive the heat carrier and the material to mix. The transmission device and the cooling device are located at both ends of the reactor shell. The transmission device is located at the end of the reactor shell away from the pyrolysis material inlet. The two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively connected to the transmission device and the cooling device. The rotating shaft includes a solid part and a hollow part. The solid part is connected to the transmission device, and the hollow part is connected to the cooling device. The cooling device is used to introduce a cooling medium into the hollow part. A cooling jacket structure is provided on the outer periphery of the pyrolysis material inlet, and the cooling jacket structure is used to introduce a cooling medium. The reactor shell and the rotating shaft are fitted with a shaft sealing device, including a centering chuck structure and an expansion joint structure, and contain two multi-stage combined sealing structures. The structures are fixedly connected by bolts to ensure a tight fit and airtightness without affecting the operation of the shaft. The shaft seal contains a bearing, and the entire shaft seal is fixed to the side wall of the reactor by bolts through the centering chuck structure. The expansion joint structure is located between the centering chuck structure and the reactor sidewall; The first sealing structure in the two-stage multi-stage combined sealing structure is located at the connection between the expansion joint structure and the reactor shell, and remains stationary when the rotating shaft is working, forming a static sealing structure. The second sealing structure in the two-stage multi-stage combined sealing structure is located between the expansion joint structure and the bearing, and rotates with the rotating shaft when it is working to form a dynamic sealing structure. The two-stage multi-level combined sealing structure is a combination of various sealing forms such as labyrinth seal, brush seal, and isolation gas seal.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the rotating shaft includes a first pyrolysis aid structure and a second pyrolysis aid structure, wherein the first pyrolysis aid structure is located on the side of the rotating shaft closer to the pyrolysis material inlet, and the second pyrolysis aid structure is located on the side of the rotating shaft farther from the pyrolysis material inlet. Both the first pyrolysis aid structure and the second pyrolysis aid structure have blades. The distance between two adjacent blades of the first pyrolysis aid structure is a first distance, and the distance between two adjacent blades of the second pyrolysis aid structure is a second distance. The first distance is smaller than the second distance.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the rotating shaft is further provided with a scraper for scraping adjacent rotating shafts or the inner wall of the reactor shell.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, a cooling jacket structure is provided on the outer periphery of the pyrolysis material inlet, the cooling jacket structure being used to introduce a cooling medium.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the top cover of the reactor shell is provided with a plurality of inertial dust removal structures, which are arranged along the direction of material movement. The inertial dust removal structure is a raised block with an inverted trapezoidal cross-section. The side of the inertial dust removal structure facing the heat carrier inlet is a vertical surface, which is perpendicular to the direction of material movement. The side of the inertial dust removal structure away from the heat carrier inlet is an inclined surface, which is inclined relative to the vertical surface. The angle between the inclined surface and the vertical surface is 15° to 45°.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the joint between the reactor shell and the rotating shaft is equipped with a shaft sealing device, including a centering chuck structure and an expansion joint structure, and contains two multi-stage combined sealing structures. The structures are fixedly connected by bolts to ensure tight fit and airtightness without affecting the operation of the shaft. The shaft seal contains a bearing, and the entire shaft seal is fixed to the side wall of the reactor by bolts through the chuck structure. The expansion joint structure is located between the centering chuck structure and the reactor sidewall; The first sealing structure in the two-stage multi-stage combined sealing structure is located at the connection between the expansion joint structure and the reactor shell, and remains stationary when the rotating shaft is working, forming a static sealing structure. The second sealing structure in the two-stage multi-stage combined sealing structure is located between the expansion joint structure and the bearing, and rotates with the rotating shaft when it is working to form a dynamic sealing structure. The two-stage multi-level combined sealing structure is a combination of various sealing forms such as labyrinth seal, brush seal, and isolation gas seal.

[0013] Dynamic sealing devices are installed at two points where the reactor shell contacts the rotating shaft, respectively connected to the two end faces of the reactor shell. Starting from one end of the outer shell, along the axial direction, the device consists of a positioning chuck, a first multi-stage combined seal, an expansion joint, a second multi-stage combined seal, and a self-supporting bearing structure. All components are connected by bolts. The fixed end sealing device consists of a positioning chuck, two multi-stage combined seals, and a self-supporting bearing structure, all connected by bolts. This allows the sealing device to continuously and stably seal the rotating shaft.

[0014] The sliding end seal can absorb the thermal expansion of the reactor's rotating shaft. The outer shell of this sealing device can absorb the expansion and runout of the rotating shaft under various operating conditions through the deformation of the expansion joint, thereby ensuring that the overall fitting accuracy of the sealing device remains stable within the design range. It can achieve adaptive alignment during equipment operation, thus ensuring the reliability and service life of the sealing device. Furthermore, both ends of the dynamic sealing device are equipped with built-in bearings, realizing the integration of dynamic sealing and support. The internal support structure can reduce the runout of the central shaft and further ensure the reliability of the seal, thereby ensuring the stability of continuous long-term operation of the equipment.

[0015] Secondly, a dust removal and return device is provided, including a louvered return dust collector, a multi-tube dust removal and return device, and a silo; The louvered reflux dust collector includes a dust collector shell, a first pyrolysis oil and gas outlet at the top of the dust collector shell, a first pyrolysis oil and gas inlet on the side wall of the dust collector shell, and a first dust outlet at the bottom of the dust collector shell; the dust collector shell contains an airflow distributor and a louvered guide plate, the airflow distributor is connected to the first pyrolysis oil and gas inlet, the main body of the airflow distributor is in the shape of a downward-opening funnel, the funnel opening faces the louvered guide plate, the louvered guide plate faces the first dust outlet, and the first dust outlet is connected to the silo; The multi-tube dust collector includes a dust collector housing, inside which is placed a cyclone separator for separating pyrolysis oil gas and dust. A second pyrolysis oil gas outlet is provided at the top of the dust collector housing, and a second pyrolysis oil gas inlet is provided on the side wall of the dust collector housing. The second pyrolysis oil gas inlet is connected to the first pyrolysis oil gas outlet. A second dust outlet is provided at the bottom of the dust collector housing and is connected to the silo.

[0016] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the second dust outlet is connected to the silo via a pyrolysis reactor.

[0017] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the outer wall of the louvered return dust collector and the outer wall of the multi-tube dust collector return material collector are both provided with heat-insulating coils.

[0018] Thirdly, a dust removal and return device is provided, including a louvered return dust collector and a silo; The louvered reflux dust collector includes a dust collector housing. A first pyrolysis oil and gas outlet is located at the top of the dust collector housing, a first pyrolysis oil and gas inlet is located on the side wall of the dust collector housing, and a first dust outlet is located at the bottom of the dust collector housing. The dust collector housing contains an airflow distributor and a louvered guide plate. The airflow distributor is connected to the first pyrolysis oil and gas inlet. The main body of the airflow distributor is in the shape of a downward-opening funnel, with the funnel opening facing the louvered guide plate. The louvered guide plate faces the dust outlet, and the first dust outlet is connected to the silo.

[0019] Fourthly, a dust removal and return device is provided, including a multi-tube dust removal and return device and a hopper; The multi-tube dust collector includes a dust collector housing, inside which is placed a cyclone separator for separating pyrolysis oil gas and dust. A second pyrolysis oil gas outlet is provided at the top of the dust collector housing, and a second pyrolysis oil gas inlet is provided on the side wall of the dust collector housing. The second pyrolysis oil gas inlet is connected to the first pyrolysis oil gas outlet. A second dust outlet is provided at the bottom of the dust collector housing and is connected to the silo.

[0020] Fifthly, an organic solid waste treatment device is provided, comprising a pyrolysis reactor as described in any of the implementations of the first aspect above.

[0021] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in some implementations of the fifth aspect, the organic solid waste treatment equipment further includes a dust removal and return device as described in any of the implementations of the second or third aspect above; The pyrolysis gas outlet of the pyrolysis reactor is connected to the first pyrolysis oil and gas inlet of the dust removal and return device, and the residual carbon outlet of the pyrolysis reactor is connected to the silo of the dust removal and return device.

[0022] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in some implementations of the fifth aspect, the dust removal and return device is the dust removal and return device as described in the second implementation of the second aspect above, and the reactor shell of the pyrolysis reactor is also provided with a dust removal device interface, and the second dust outlet is connected to the silo through the dust removal device interface.

[0023] Sixthly, an organic solid waste treatment device is provided, including a dust removal and return device as described in any of the implementations of the second to fourth aspects above.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the solution provided in this application has at least the following beneficial technical effects: (1) The pyrolysis reactor of this application has a multi-stage inertial dust removal structure inside the shell, which greatly reduces the dust content of the pyrolysis products and improves the quality of the pyrolysis products.

[0025] (2) A dynamic material sealing system is provided at the heat carrier inlet, which can control the amount of heat carrier fed and form a material seal at the inlet to ensure the sealing of the reactor.

[0026] (3) The pyrolysis material inlet can be set on the side wall to shorten the pyrolysis material feeding path, and the inlet can be set as a cooling jacket structure. Cooling gas is introduced into the jacket to prevent the material from being overheated and melted during feeding and causing blockage.

[0027] (4) A high-temperature alloy steel scraper is welded on the second pyrolysis structure, which can clean the coking material inside the shell and on the shaft as it rotates. The distance between the scraper and the high-temperature resistant material on the side wall and bottom is very small, which can prevent coking.

[0028] (5) In the primary louvered reflux dust collector, louvered guide plates are installed to achieve coarse filtration of pyrolysis oil and gas by gravity dust removal, realize the recycling of heat carrier, reduce the loss of heat carrier, improve the completeness of pyrolysis reaction, and improve the overall thermal efficiency of pyrolysis device.

[0029] (6) The secondary dust removal and return device uses a high-efficiency cyclone to deeply and efficiently separate pyrolysis oil and gas and dust, further reducing the amount of dust in the pyrolysis oil and gas, reducing the amount of fly ash in the flue gas of the subsequent incinerator, reducing the amount of hazardous waste discharged, and increasing the calorific value of the pyrolysis oil and gas, thereby improving the energy utilization rate.

[0030] (7) By setting up a two-stage dust removal and return device outside the pyrolysis reactor, the external circulation of the circulating heat carrier is realized, which improves the pyrolysis reaction time and pyrolysis efficiency, increases energy utilization, and reduces fly ash discharge. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the pyrolysis reactor of this application.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling system in the feed inlet jacket.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the shaft and scraper structure.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the tortoise shell mesh and anchor nails.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a hollow shaft cooling structure.

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a sliding end shaft sealing device.

[0037] Figure 7 It is a high-temperature pyrolysis oil and gas dust removal and return device.

[0038] Reference numerals: 1. Reactor shell; 2. Heat storage and high-temperature resistant material; 3. Heat carrier inlet; 4. Pyrolysis material inlet; 5. Pyrolysis gas outlet; 6. Dust removal device interface; 7. Residual carbon outlet; 8. Rotating shaft; 9. Shaft heat storage and high-temperature resistant material; 10. Second pyrolysis aid structure; 11. First pyrolysis aid structure; 13. Shaft sealing device; 14. Cooling device; 15. Transmission device; 16. Inertial dust removal structure; 17. Scraper; 19. Second pyrolysis oil and gas outlet; 20. Multi-tube dust collector return feeder; 21. Cyclone; 22. Insulation coil; 23. Ash silo; 24. Shut-off valve; 25. Material silo; 26. Louvered return dust collector; 27. Airflow distributor; 28. Louvered guide plate; 29. 30. Insulation coil, 31. Ash silo, 32. Feed valve, 33. Feed pipe, 34. Centering chuck structure, 35. Expansion joint structure, 36. Multi-stage combined sealing structure, 37. Reactor sidewall. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a pyrolysis reactor provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 The pyrolysis reactor shown can be an organic solid or liquid waste pyrolysis reactor heated by a solid heat carrier.

[0041] The pyrolysis reactor may include a reactor shell 1. The reactor shell 1 serves to house the working components within the pyrolysis reactor and provides a stable space for the pyrolysis reaction. In some embodiments, a heat-storing and high-temperature-resistant material 2 may be provided on the inner wall of the reactor shell 1. The heat-storing and high-temperature-resistant material 2 can maintain a stable temperature field inside the pyrolysis reactor, reduce energy loss, and ensure the continuous and stable progress of the pyrolysis reaction.

[0042] In one embodiment, the heat-storing and high-temperature resistant material 2 has properties such as wear resistance, high temperature resistance, heat insulation, and thermal shock resistance.

[0043] In another embodiment, the heat storage and high-temperature resistant material 2 can be selected from different materials depending on the substances it contacts within the pyrolysis reactor. Areas where the contact substances are solid heat carriers and pyrolysis materials can be provided with wear-resistant and high-temperature resistant materials; areas where the contact substances are pyrolysis gases can be provided with acid-resistant and high-temperature resistant materials; and areas not in direct contact with the internal environment are provided with lightweight heat-insulating materials.

[0044] A heat carrier inlet 3 and a pyrolysis material inlet 4 can also be provided on the reactor shell 1. Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the heat carrier inlet 3 can be located on the top cover of the reactor shell 1, and the pyrolysis material inlet 4 can be located on the side wall of the reactor shell 1. Figure 1 As shown, the location of the heat carrier inlet 3 on the reactor shell 1 is recessed inward, and the pyrolysis material inlet 4 is located on the side wall of the reactor shell 1. Both of these features help to shorten the feeding path, reduce erosion of the rotating shaft, and prevent the rising high-temperature gas from causing the pyrolysis material to be rapidly pyrolyzed and generate a large amount of tar, which would then cause blockage.

[0045] exist Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the heat carrier inlet 3 is equipped with a dynamic material sealing structure. This allows for control of the heat carrier feed rate based on the internal operating conditions of the pyrolysis reactor, and the formation of a material seal at the heat carrier inlet 3 ensures the airtightness of the pyrolysis reactor, thereby guaranteeing its continuous and stable operation.

[0046] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the pyrolysis material inlet 4 is shown. A cooling jacket structure can be provided on the outer periphery of the pyrolysis material inlet 4. Steam, air, etc. can be introduced into the cooling jacket structure to cool the pipe wall at the pyrolysis material inlet 4, which helps to prevent the material from being overheated and melted during feeding, thus preventing blockage.

[0047] The pyrolysis reactor may also include a pyrolysis gas outlet 5, which may be located at one end of the reactor shell 1, respectively, along with the pyrolysis material inlet 4. Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the pyrolysis gas outlet 5 can be located on the side wall of the reactor shell 1. The pyrolysis gas outlet 5 can be connected to the pyrolysis gas inlet of the dust removal and return device, so that the pyrolysis gas discharged from the pyrolysis gas outlet 5 can enter the dust removal and return device, further reducing the dust content of the pyrolysis gas.

[0048] In some embodiments, the pyrolysis reactor may further include a dust removal device interface 6. The dust removal device interface 6 may be located at a protruding portion of the top cover of the reactor shell 1, and at one end of the pyrolysis reactor near the pyrolysis gas outlet 5. The dust removal device interface 6 may be connected to the dust outlet of a dust collection and return device, so that the dust discharged from the dust collection and return device can enter the pyrolysis reactor and further fall into the hopper 25 for discharge as solid pyrolysis products.

[0049] A shaft sealing device 13 is installed at the junction of the reactor shell 1 and the rotating shaft 8. This device consists of a multi-stage combined seal and an expansion joint, and can achieve adaptive alignment. The shaft sealing device 13 includes an alignment chuck structure 33, an expansion joint structure 34, and a multi-stage combined seal structure 35. All components are bolted together and fixed to the reactor sidewall 36 by bolts between the alignment chuck structure 33 and the reactor sidewall 36, ensuring a continuous and stable sealing function for the reactor.

[0050] like Figure 6 As shown, dynamic sealing devices are provided at two points where the reactor shell 1 contacts the rotating shaft 8, respectively connected to the two end faces of the reactor shell 1. Starting from one end of the outer shell, along the axial direction, the device consists of a centering chuck structure 33, a first multi-stage combined seal, an expansion joint structure 34, a second multi-stage combined seal, and a self-supporting bearing structure. All components are connected by bolts. The fixed-end sealing device consists of a positioning chuck, two multi-stage combined seals, and a self-supporting bearing structure, all connected by bolts, ensuring a continuous and stable sealing function for the rotating shaft.

[0051] This type of seal employs a chuck structure and an expansion joint structure 34, which can adapt to the axial expansion and radial runout generated during equipment operation, ensuring a stable sealing effect. When the shaft expands axially due to heat or generates radial runout, the expansion joint structure 34 at the sliding end absorbs the expansion, thus ensuring that both multi-stage combined sealing structures 35 can operate effectively, guaranteeing the stability of the seal. The sliding end seal can absorb the thermal expansion of the reactor's rotating shaft. The outer shell of this sealing device can absorb the expansion and runout generated by the rotating shaft under various operating conditions through the deformation of the expansion joint, thereby ensuring that the overall fitting accuracy of the sealing device remains stable within the design range. It can achieve adaptive alignment during equipment operation, thus guaranteeing the reliability and service life of the sealing device.

[0052] There are two multi-stage combined sealing structures 35 between the device housing and the rotating shaft 8. The first sealing structure is located at the connection with the equipment housing and remains stationary when the rotating shaft 8 is working, forming a static seal. This multi-stage sealing structure at this location blocks most of the high-temperature gas in the equipment. The second sealing structure is located between the expansion joint structure 34 and the bearing. It rotates with the rotating shaft 8 during operation, forming a dynamic seal, further sealing any gas that overflows from the first seal, creating a double-protected second seal. The sealing structure consists of two stages, employing a combination of labyrinth seals, brush seals, and isolation gas seals. This ensures that the rotating shaft 8 prevents gas from overflowing between the inside and outside of the equipment when it rotates. The connection structure allows the sealing device to be integrated with the rotating shaft, ensuring a tight fit and airtightness without affecting the operation of the rotating shaft 8. Both ends of the dynamic sealing device have built-in bearings, integrating the dynamic seal and support into one unit. The internal support structure reduces the runout of the central shaft and further ensures the reliability of the seal, thereby ensuring the stability of the equipment during continuous long-term operation.

[0053] The pyrolysis reactor may also include a residual carbon outlet 7. The residual carbon outlet 7 and the pyrolysis material inlet 4 may be located at opposite ends of the reactor shell 1. Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the residual carbon outlet 7 can be located at the tail end of the bottom plate of the reactor shell 1. The residual carbon outlet 7 can be connected to the hopper 25 for discharging the heat carrier and incompletely pyrolyzed products into the hopper.

[0054] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 3 The pyrolysis reactor may also include multiple rotating shafts 8. The rotating shafts 8 can penetrate the reactor shell 1 of the pyrolysis reactor along the direction of material movement. Multiple rotating shafts 8 can be arranged side-by-side and parallel to each other, and can rotate simultaneously in opposite directions.

[0055] In some embodiments provided in this application, the rotating shaft 8 has two pyrolysis-aiding structures along the material movement direction: a first pyrolysis-aiding structure 11 and a second pyrolysis-aiding structure 10. The first pyrolysis-aiding structure 11 is located on the side of the rotating shaft 8 closer to the pyrolysis material inlet 4, and the second pyrolysis-aiding structure 10 is located on the side of the rotating shaft 8 farther from the pyrolysis material inlet 4. The combination of these two structures ensures efficient material transport and mixing.

[0056] The first pyrolysis aid structure 11 and the second pyrolysis aid structure 10 can have similar structures. In some embodiments, both the first pyrolysis aid structure 11 and the second pyrolysis aid structure 10 can be blade-type. The blades can be continuous spiral or single-blade paddle structure depending on different requirements. Both the first pyrolysis aid structure 11 and the second pyrolysis aid structure 10 are beneficial for fully mixing the heat carrier and the material, ensuring the pyrolysis efficiency of the material in the pyrolysis reactor.

[0057] In some embodiments, both the first pyrolysis aid structure 11 and the second pyrolysis aid structure 10 may be provided with scrapers 17 on their blades. The scrapers 17 may be fixed to the rotating shaft 8 by means of insertion or welding. During equipment operation, the scrapers 17 can clean the material and pyrolysis products adhering to the inner wall of the equipment and the adjacent rotating shaft 8 on the other side, preventing coking. The scrapers 17 and / or the tips of the blades may be provided with anti-wear structures to enhance the wear resistance of the first pyrolysis aid structure 11 and the second pyrolysis aid structure 10.

[0058] In one embodiment, the plurality of rotating shafts 8 of the pyrolysis reactor may include a first rotating shaft and a second rotating shaft. A scraper of the second rotating shaft can be accommodated in the space between two adjacent scrapers of the first rotating shaft; conversely, a scraper of the first rotating shaft can be accommodated in the space between two adjacent scrapers of the second rotating shaft. It is assumed that the first scraper on the first rotating shaft and the second scraper on the second rotating shaft are positioned at the same location in the material movement direction. When the first scraper scrapes against the second rotating shaft, the second scraper can precisely scrape against the inner wall of the reactor shell 1.

[0059] The main difference between the first pyrolysis aid structure 11 and the second pyrolysis aid structure 10 lies in the distance between adjacent blades (or adjacent scrapers 17). The distance between adjacent blades (or adjacent scrapers 17) of the first pyrolysis aid structure 11 is smaller than the distance between adjacent blades (or adjacent scrapers 17) of the second pyrolysis aid structure 10. The connection between the first pyrolysis aid structure 11 and the second pyrolysis aid structure 10 can be smoothly transitioned.

[0060] In some embodiments, the outer surface of the rotating shaft 8 is provided with a shaft heat storage and high temperature resistant material 9, and uses, for example, Figure 4 The tortoise-shell mesh shown is fixed in conjunction with anchoring nails to maintain a stable temperature field inside the reactor and prevent blockage caused by the production of large amounts of tar after material pyrolysis. The heat-storing, high-temperature resistant material 2 inside the reactor shell 1 is connected to the rotating shaft 8 through an anchoring structure, resulting in strong integrity and preventing it from easily falling off.

[0061] In some embodiments provided in this application, the pyrolysis reactor may further include a transmission device 15 and a cooling device 14. Both the transmission device 15 and the cooling device 14 may be located outside the reactor shell 1, and may be located at both ends of the reactor shell 1. Both ends of the rotating shaft 8 extend out of the reactor shell 1 and are respectively connected to the transmission device 15 and the cooling device 14.

[0062] The rotating shaft 8 may include a solid portion and a hollow portion. The solid portion can be connected to the transmission device 15, thereby satisfying the larger torque of the transmission device 15. The hollow portion can be at least partially placed inside the reactor shell 1. The cooling device 14 can introduce cooling gas from the end of the hollow portion away from the solid portion into the interior of the hollow portion to cool the rotating shaft 8. The structure of the hollow portion can be as follows: Figure 5 As shown. This reduces the weight of the rotating shaft 8 while ensuring strength, avoids the rotating shaft 8 from working under high temperature conditions for a long time, and can extend the service life of the shaft.

[0063] In some embodiments, the cooling device 14 and the cooling gas inlet may be located on the same side of the pyrolysis reactor, and the drive device 15 and the cooling gas outlet may be located on the same side of the pyrolysis reactor. The side of the rotating shaft 8 closest to the pyrolysis material inlet 4 can thus have a relatively low temperature, which helps to prevent the material from being overheated and melted during feeding, causing blockage.

[0064] In some embodiments provided in this application, multiple inertial dust removal structures 16 may be provided inside the reactor shell 1. The number of multiple inertial dust removal structures 16 can be 2 to 5. The multiple inertial dust removal structures 16 can be arranged along the direction of material movement inside the pyrolysis reactor. That is, a multi-layered segmented dust removal structure is formed inside the reactor shell 1. This causes the top cover of the reactor shell 1 to undulate, resulting in multiple changes in the cavity volume of the reactor shell 1. Due to the multiple undulations on the cavity surface of the reactor shell 1, the flow rate of dust gradually slows down, causing the dust to fall to the bottom of the reactor, thus achieving the purpose of dust removal using inertia.

[0065] In some embodiments, the inertial dust removal structure 16 can be in the form of a horizontal stepped structure. That is, the inertial dust removal structure 16 can be an inverted trapezoidal protruding block. In one possible scenario, a vertical surface can be provided on the side facing the heat carrier inlet 3, and this vertical surface can be perpendicular to the material movement direction. This vertical surface, viewed in cross-section, corresponds to the right-angled side of the inverted trapezoid. An inclined surface can be provided on the side away from the heat carrier inlet 3, and this inclined surface can be inclined relative to the material movement direction. This inclined surface, viewed in cross-section, corresponds to the hypotenuse of the inverted trapezoid. In some embodiments, the angle between the inclined surface and the vertical surface can be 15~45°, for example 30°.

[0066] In the direction of the pyrolysis gas flow, the inertial dust removal structure 16 is configured with a trapezoidal right-angled side, which helps to block the straight-line movement of the gas. In the direction of the pyrolysis gas flow away from the gas flow, the inertial dust removal structure 16 is configured with a trapezoidal hypotenuse, which makes the airflow turning angle relatively large and has a relatively good dust removal effect.

[0067] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of a high-temperature pyrolysis oil and gas dust removal and return device provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0068] The dust removal and return device provided in this application embodiment can be used to separate dust from pyrolysis oil and gas and return it to the pyrolysis reactor. When organic solid waste treatment equipment includes... Figure 1 The pyrolysis reactor shown and Figure 7 In one embodiment of the dust removal and return device shown, the pyrolysis gas outlet 5 of the pyrolysis reactor can be connected to the air inlet pipe of the dust removal and return device, which can be used to remove dust from the pyrolysis oil and gas generated by the pyrolysis reactor; the residual carbon outlet 7 of the pyrolysis reactor can be connected to the hopper 25 of the dust removal and return device, and the heat carrier and incompletely pyrolyzed substances discharged from the pyrolysis reactor can be discharged into the hopper 25 to allow the incompletely pyrolyzed substances to undergo further pyrolysis reaction; the ash hopper 23 outlet of the dust removal and return device can be connected to the dust removal device interface 6 of the pyrolysis reactor, so that the dust separated by the dust removal and return device can be returned to the hopper 25 through the pyrolysis reactor.

[0069] In some embodiments, the dust collection and return device may include a louvered return dust collector 26. The louvered return dust collector 26 can remove dust from the pyrolysis oil and gas from the pyrolysis reactor. The louvered return dust collector 26 may include a dust collector housing, within which an airflow distributor 27 and louvered guide plates 28 may be housed. The airflow distributor 27 guides the airflow through a bell-shaped opening. The louvered guide plates 28 consist of two sets of inclined baffles. The top of the dust collector housing may have a pyrolysis oil and gas outlet for the louvered return dust collector 26, and the side wall of the dust collector housing may have a pyrolysis oil and gas inlet for the louvered return dust collector 26. A dust hopper 30 may be located below the dust collector housing, the dust hopper 30 having a dust outlet for the louvered return dust collector 26, and the dust hopper 30 facing the louvered guide plates 28.

[0070] The airflow distributor 27 can be connected to the pyrolysis oil gas inlet on the side wall of the dust collector housing. The main body of the airflow distributor 27 is funnel-shaped with its opening facing downwards, and the funnel opening is positioned facing the louvered guide plate 28. The louvered guide plate 28 can be located below the airflow distributor 27. The louvered guide plate 28 is inclined downwards, with an angle ≥37° with the horizontal direction, and the spacing between the baffles is ≥150mm. Dust in the pyrolysis oil gas can move towards the louvered guide plate 28 under the action of gravity and eventually flow out through the dust outlet of the ash hopper 30. The pyrolysis oil gas can evaporate upwards and be discharged through the pyrolysis oil gas outlet of the louvered return dust collector 26.

[0071] exist Figure 7In the illustrated embodiment, the dust outlet of the louvered reflux dust collector 26 can be connected to the discharge pipe 32. A discharge valve 31 can be installed on the discharge pipe 32 to control the speed at which dust is discharged from the ash hopper 30 of the louvered reflux dust collector 26. In some embodiments, the outer wall of the dust collector housing of the louvered reflux dust collector 26 can be provided with a heat-tracing coil 29 to prevent tar precipitation during the pyrolysis oil and gas dust removal process.

[0072] In some embodiments, the dust collection and return device may include a multi-tube dust collector 20. The multi-tube dust collector 20 can remove dust from the pyrolysis oil and gas from the pyrolysis reactor. The multi-tube dust collector 20 may include a dust collector housing, within which a cyclone separator 21 may be housed. By incorporating the highly efficient cyclone separator 21, the multi-tube dust collector 20 achieves deep and efficient separation of pyrolysis oil and gas and dust, further reducing the amount of dust in the pyrolysis oil and gas, reducing the amount of fly ash in the subsequent incinerator flue gas, reducing the amount of hazardous waste discharged, and increasing the calorific value of the pyrolysis oil and gas, thereby improving energy utilization.

[0073] The top of the dust collector housing can be provided with a second pyrolysis oil and gas outlet 19 for the multi-tube dust collector 20, and the side wall of the dust collector housing can be provided with a pyrolysis oil and gas inlet for the multi-tube dust collector 20. A dust hopper 23 can be provided at the bottom of the dust collector housing, and the dust hopper 23 has a dust outlet for the multi-tube dust collector 20. The dust hopper 23 faces the cyclone separator 21. After passing through the cyclone separator 21, the dust can move towards the dust hopper 23 under gravity and eventually flow out through the dust outlet of the dust hopper 23. The pyrolysis oil and gas can evaporate upwards and be discharged through the second pyrolysis oil and gas outlet 19 of the multi-tube dust collector 20.

[0074] exist Figure 7 In the illustrated embodiment, the dust outlet of the multi-tube dust collector return feeder 20 can be connected to a dust collection pipeline. One or more shut-off valves 24 can be installed on the dust collection pipeline to control the rate at which dust is discharged from the ash hopper 30 of the multi-tube dust collector return feeder 20. Two shut-off valves 24 facilitate gas isolation control when discharging dust into the pyrolysis reactor. In some embodiments, the outer wall of the dust collector housing of the multi-tube dust collector return feeder 20 can be equipped with a heat-tracing coil 22 to prevent tar precipitation during the pyrolysis oil and gas dust removal process.

[0075] exist Figure 7In the illustrated embodiment, the louvered reflux dust collector 26 can be a primary dust collector of the dust collection and return device, and the multi-tube dust collection and return device 20 can be a secondary dust collector of the dust collection and return device. Specifically, the pyrolysis gas inlet of the louvered reflux dust collector 26 can be connected to the pyrolysis gas outlet 5 of the pyrolysis reactor, the pyrolysis gas outlet of the louvered reflux dust collector 26 can be connected to the pyrolysis gas inlet of the multi-tube dust collection and return device 20, and the dust outlet of the louvered reflux dust collector 26 can be connected to the silo 25; the second pyrolysis oil and gas outlet 19 of the multi-tube dust collection and return device 20 can be connected to the next stage device of the dust collection and return device (e.g., a high-temperature dust collector, a combustion chamber, etc.), and the dust outlet of the multi-tube dust collection and return device 20 can be connected to the dust collection device interface 6 of the pyrolysis reactor.

[0076] exist Figure 7 In the illustrated embodiment, the multi-tube dust collector return feeder 20 can be positioned directly above the pyrolysis reactor, allowing the dust separated by the multi-tube dust collector return feeder 20 to fall into the pyrolysis reactor. In other possible embodiments, the dust discharged from the multi-tube dust collector return feeder 20 can bypass the pyrolysis reactor and directly enter the hopper 25. The multi-tube dust collector return feeder 20 can be positioned above the hopper 25 and offset from the pyrolysis reactor. The pyrolysis reactor may also omit the dust collection device interface 6.

[0077] The working principle of the pyrolysis reactor and dust removal and return device provided in this application embodiment is as follows.

[0078] The solid heat carrier and the pyrolysis material enter the conveying zone of the pyrolysis reactor simultaneously. The solid heat carrier enters at the front end of the pyrolysis material to ensure the pyrolysis reaction proceeds fully. The rotation speed and direction of the rotating shaft 8 are controlled by the transmission device 15, causing the pyrolysis aid structure on the rotating shaft 8 to push the high-temperature solid heat carrier and material into the mixing and stirring zone. This allows the solid heat carrier and material to be fully mixed, stirred evenly, sheared and crushed, and uniformly pyrolyzed within the reactor shell 1. The pyrolysis residence time is controlled according to the requirements of the pyrolysis products, ultimately completing the pyrolysis reaction. The gaseous products generated by the pyrolysis reaction pass through the inertial dust removal structure 16, making it easier for dust in the pyrolysis oil and gas to fall to the lower part of the reactor shell 1. The heat carrier and incompletely pyrolyzed substances can be discharged into the silo 25 through the residual carbon outlet 7, allowing the incompletely pyrolyzed substances to undergo further pyrolysis. The heat carrier in the silo 25 can further enter the heat carrier circulation system and then re-enter the pyrolysis reactor through the heat carrier inlet 3, achieving heat carrier recovery. After passing through the pyrolysis gas outlet 5, the pyrolysis oil and gas enter the dust removal and return device through the pyrolysis oil and gas inlet for dust removal.

[0079] Pyrolysis oil gas can enter the louvered return dust collector 26 from the side for primary coarse dust removal. Dust falls by gravity and passes through the louvered guide plate 28. Utilizing the characteristic of the louvered guide plate 28 to rapidly change the direction of the pyrolysis oil gas flow, the dust is separated from the airflow under the action of inertial force. The dust falls into the ash hopper 30 and enters the hopper 25 through the feed pipe 32 under the action of the feed valve 31. After passing through the louvered return dust collector, the pyrolysis oil gas enters the multi-tube dust collector return feeder 20 from the side through its upper outlet. After the airflow passes through several cyclones 21, the dust in the pyrolysis oil gas is further separated. The clean pyrolysis oil gas is discharged through the second pyrolysis oil gas outlet 19 (discharged into the next stage of the dust collector return feeder, such as a high-temperature dust collector, combustion chamber, etc.). The separated dust falls into the ash hopper 23 and returns to the pyrolysis reactor through the two-stage shut-off valve 24 and the dust collector interface 6. Dust falling into the pyrolysis reactor is propelled by the rotating shaft 8 and discharged into the silo 25 along with the heat carrier through the residual carbon outlet 7. Through a two-stage dust removal and return system, most of the dust in the pyrolysis oil and gas is returned to the pyrolysis reactor's heat carrier circulation system, increasing the yield and calorific value of the pyrolysis oil and gas, and making the pyrolysis process more complete. The mixture of pyrolysis residual carbon and solid heat carrier produced by the reaction is discharged into the silo 25 through the residual carbon outlet 7, ultimately achieving stable and continuous operation of the solid heat carrier pyrolysis reactor.

[0080] Although this application discloses preferred embodiments as described above, it is not intended to limit this application. Any person skilled in the art can make possible changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope defined in the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A pyrolysis reactor, characterized in that, include: The reactor's external structure, feeding and discharging system, pyrolysis system, cooling device (14), transmission device (15), and dust removal device; The external structure is mainly composed of a reactor shell (1). The feeding and discharging system is composed of a heat carrier inlet (3), a pyrolysis material inlet (4), a pyrolysis gas outlet (5), and a residual carbon outlet (7) provided on the reactor shell (1). The heat carrier inlet (3) and the pyrolysis material inlet (4) are located on the same side of the reactor shell (1), the pyrolysis gas outlet (5) and the residual carbon outlet (7) are located on the same side of the reactor shell (1), and the pyrolysis material inlet (4) and the residual carbon outlet (7) are located on both sides of the reactor shell (1). The main body of the pyrolysis system consists of multiple rotating shafts (8) placed inside the reactor shell (1). The multiple rotating shafts (8) are arranged in parallel, and the rotation directions of two adjacent rotating shafts (8) are opposite to each other. The multiple rotating shafts (8) are used to drive the heat carrier and the material to mix. The transmission device (15) and the cooling device (14) are located at both ends of the reactor shell (1). The transmission device (15) is located at the end of the reactor shell (1) away from the pyrolysis material inlet (4). The two ends of the rotating shaft (8) are respectively connected to the transmission device (15) and the cooling device (14). The rotating shaft (8) includes a solid part and a hollow part. The solid part is connected to the transmission device (15), and the hollow part is connected to the cooling device (14). The cooling device (14) is used to introduce a cooling medium into the hollow part. A cooling jacket structure is provided on the outer periphery of the pyrolysis material inlet (4), and the cooling jacket structure is used to introduce a cooling medium. The reactor shell (1) and the rotating shaft (8) are fitted with a shaft seal device (13), which includes a centering chuck structure (33) and an expansion joint structure (34), and contains two multi-stage combined sealing structures (35). The structures are fixedly connected by bolts to ensure that they fit tightly and ensure airtightness without affecting the operation of the shaft. The shaft seal contains a bearing, and the entire shaft seal is fixed to the reactor side wall (36) by bolts through the centering chuck structure (33). The expansion joint structure (34) is located between the centering chuck structure (33) and the reactor sidewall (36); The first sealing structure in the two-stage multi-stage combined sealing structure (35) is located at the connection between the expansion joint structure (34) and the reactor shell (1), and remains stationary when the rotating shaft (8) is working, forming a static sealing structure; The second sealing structure in the two-stage multi-stage combined sealing structure (35) is located between the expansion joint structure (34) and the bearing, and rotates with the rotating shaft (8) when it is working to form a dynamic sealing structure. The two multi-stage combined sealing structures (35) are a combination of various sealing forms, including labyrinth seals, brush seals, and isolation gas seals.

2. The pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating shaft (8) includes a first pyrolysis aid structure (11) and a second pyrolysis aid structure (10). The first pyrolysis aid structure (11) is located on the side of the rotating shaft (8) closer to the pyrolysis material inlet (4), and the second pyrolysis aid structure (10) is located on the side of the rotating shaft (8) away from the pyrolysis material inlet (4). Both the first pyrolysis aid structure (11) and the second pyrolysis aid structure (10) have blades. The distance between two adjacent blades of the first pyrolysis aid structure (11) is the first distance, and the distance between two adjacent blades of the second pyrolysis aid structure (10) is the second distance. The first distance is smaller than the second distance.

3. The pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating shaft (8) is also provided with a scraper (17), which is used to scrape the inner wall of the adjacent rotating shaft (8) or the reactor shell (1).

4. The pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top cover of the reactor shell (1) is provided with a plurality of inertial dust removal structures (16), which are arranged along the direction of material movement. The inertial dust removal structure (16) is a raised block with an inverted trapezoidal cross section. The side of the inertial dust removal structure (16) facing the heat carrier inlet (3) is a vertical surface, which is perpendicular to the direction of material movement. The side of the inertial dust removal structure (16) away from the heat carrier inlet (3) is an inclined surface, which is inclined relative to the vertical surface. The angle between the inclined surface and the vertical surface is 15~45°.

5. An organic solid waste treatment device, characterized in that, Includes the pyrolysis reactor as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The organic solid waste treatment equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The organic solid waste treatment equipment also includes a dust removal and return device, which includes a louvered return dust collector (26), a multi-tube dust removal and return device (20), and a silo (25). The louvered reflux dust collector (26) includes a dust collector shell, a first pyrolysis oil and gas outlet is provided at the top of the dust collector shell, a first pyrolysis oil and gas inlet is provided on the side wall of the dust collector shell, and a first dust outlet is provided at the bottom of the dust collector shell; the dust collector shell contains an airflow distributor (27) and a louvered guide plate (28), the airflow distributor (27) is connected to the first pyrolysis oil and gas inlet, the main body of the airflow distributor (27) is in the shape of a funnel with the opening facing downward, the funnel opening is provided facing the louvered guide plate (28), the louvered guide plate (28) is provided facing the first dust outlet, and the first dust outlet is connected to the silo (25); The multi-tube dust collector (20) includes a dust collector housing, inside which is placed a cyclone (21), which is used to separate pyrolysis oil and gas and dust. A second pyrolysis oil and gas outlet (19) is provided at the top of the dust collector housing, and a second pyrolysis oil and gas inlet is provided on the side wall of the dust collector housing. The second pyrolysis oil and gas inlet is connected to the first pyrolysis oil and gas outlet. A second dust outlet is provided at the bottom of the dust collector housing, and the second dust outlet is connected to the silo (25). The pyrolysis gas outlet (5) of the pyrolysis reactor is connected to the first pyrolysis oil and gas inlet of the dust removal and return device, and the residual carbon outlet (7) of the pyrolysis reactor is connected to the hopper (25) of the dust removal and return device.

7. The organic solid waste treatment equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The reactor shell (1) of the pyrolysis reactor is also provided with a dust removal device interface (6), and the second dust outlet is connected to the silo (25) through the dust removal device interface (6).

8. The organic solid waste treatment equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer walls of the louvered reflux dust collector (26) and the outer walls of the multi-tube dust collector return material collector (20) are both equipped with heat-insulating coils.

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