Antenna and control method thereof, antenna array, electronic device

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an antenna and a control method thereof, an antenna array and an electronic device, and belongs to the technical field of communication. The antenna of the present disclosure comprises a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate arranged oppositely, a first adjustable dielectric layer arranged between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, a radiation component and at least one first adjusting electrode arranged on the first dielectric substrate, and at least one second adjusting electrode and a reference electrode layer arranged on the second dielectric substrate; the orthographic projection of the radiation component, the first adjusting electrode and the second adjusting electrode on the first dielectric substrate all overlap with the orthographic projection of the reference electrode layer on the first dielectric substrate; wherein the orthographic projection of one first adjusting electrode and one second adjusting electrode on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlaps to form an adjustable capacitor, and the adjustable capacitor is electrically connected with the radiation component.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of communication technology, specifically relating to an antenna and its control method, an antenna array, and electronic equipment. Background Technology

[0002] As a device for receiving and transmitting wireless signals, the operating frequency range of a liquid crystal antenna array directly affects the performance of the entire wireless communication system. Due to the manufacturing process tolerances of liquid crystal antenna arrays, the measured results of their operating frequency range often show a certain frequency offset compared with the simulation results, which affects the operating frequency range, gain, and antenna efficiency of the antenna array. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide an antenna and its control method, an antenna array, and an electronic device.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide an antenna, comprising a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate disposed opposite to each other, a first tunable dielectric layer disposed between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, a radiating component and at least one first regulating electrode disposed on the first dielectric substrate, and at least one second regulating electrode and a reference electrode layer disposed on the second dielectric substrate; wherein the orthographic projections of the radiating component, the first regulating electrode, and the second regulating electrode on the first dielectric substrate all overlap with the orthographic projection of the reference electrode layer on the first dielectric substrate; wherein...

[0005] The orthographic projections of a first regulating electrode and a second regulating electrode on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap to form an adjustable capacitor, and the adjustable capacitor is electrically connected to the radiating component.

[0006] Each of the first regulating electrodes is reused with the radiation component.

[0007] The antenna further includes a first control line electrically connected to the radiating component and a second control line electrically connected to the second adjustment electrode, wherein the second control line and the second adjustment electrode are connected in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0008] The antenna further includes a first control line electrically connected to the radiating component and a second control line electrically connected to the second adjustment electrode, wherein each of the second adjustment electrodes is connected to the same second control line.

[0009] The antenna further includes a phase shifter; the phase shifter is connected to the radiating component.

[0010] The phase shifter includes a first transmission line disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate near the first tunable dielectric layer, a second transmission line disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate near the first tunable dielectric layer, and a second tunable dielectric layer disposed between the layer containing the first transmission line and the layer containing the second transmission line.

[0011] The first tunable dielectric layer and the second tunable dielectric layer are shared.

[0012] Secondly, this disclosure also provides a method for controlling an antenna, wherein the antenna is any of the antennas described above, the method comprising: applying a first voltage to a radiating component and a first regulating electrode, and applying a second voltage to a second regulating electrode according to a pre-stored mapping table of the first voltage and the second voltage.

[0013] The process further includes, before applying a first voltage to the radiation assembly and the first regulating electrode, and applying a second voltage to the second regulating electrode according to a pre-stored mapping table of the first and second voltages:

[0014] The first voltage is applied to the radiating component, the return loss of the antenna is obtained, and the frequency offset corresponding to the first voltage is calculated.

[0015] When it is determined that the frequency offset meets the preset compensation range, the first voltage is applied to the first adjustment electrode, the test voltage is applied to the second adjustment electrode, and adjustments are made until the frequency offset corresponding to the obtained return loss of the antenna exceeds the preset compensation range. The test voltage is then used as the second voltage to generate a mapping table between the first voltage and the second voltage.

[0016] The step of applying the first voltage to the radiating component, obtaining the return loss of the antenna, and calculating the frequency offset corresponding to the first voltage includes:

[0017] The first voltage is applied to the radiating component, the return loss of the antenna is obtained by a vector analyzer, and the frequency offset corresponding to the first voltage is calculated.

[0018] Thirdly, embodiments of this disclosure provide an antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas; the antennas include any of the antennas described above.

[0019] Fourthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide an electronic device that includes any of the antenna arrays described above. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0022] Figure 3 This is an equivalent circuit diagram of the antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a partial schematic diagram of a phase shifter for an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of AA'.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a phase shifter for an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of some steps of the antenna control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the test environment for step S0 of the antenna control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms “an,” “a,” or “the,” and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms “including,” “comprising,” or “containing,” and similar terms mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. The terms “connected,” “linked,” or similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right,” etc., are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, and these relative positional relationships may change accordingly when the absolute position of the described objects changes.

[0031] Firstly, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 1 and 2 As shown, this disclosure provides an antenna comprising a first dielectric substrate 10 and a second dielectric substrate 20 disposed opposite to each other, a first tunable dielectric layer 31 disposed between the first dielectric substrate 10 and the second dielectric substrate 20, a radiating component 40 and at least one first adjusting electrode 51 disposed on the first dielectric substrate 10, and at least one second adjusting electrode 52 and a reference electrode layer 70 disposed on the second dielectric substrate 20. The orthographic projections of one first adjusting electrode 51 and one second adjusting electrode 52 on the first dielectric substrate 10 at least partially overlap to form an adjustable capacitor C, and the adjustable capacitor C is electrically connected to the radiating component 40. In this disclosure embodiment, the radiating component 40 and the first adjusting electrode 51 can both be disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate 10 close to the first tunable dielectric layer 31 or on the side of the first dielectric substrate 10 away from the first tunable dielectric layer 31. The second adjusting electrode 52 can both be disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate 10 close to the second tunable dielectric layer 32 or on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 away from the first tunable dielectric layer 31. The reference electrode layer 70 is disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 away from the first tunable dielectric layer 31.

[0032] Figure 1 and 2 The radiating component 40 and the first adjusting electrode 51 are both disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate 10 near the first adjustable dielectric layer 31, the second adjusting electrode 52 is disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 near the first adjustable dielectric layer 31, and the reference electrode layer 70 is disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 away from the first adjustable dielectric layer 31. However, it should be understood that the aforementioned arrangement is not sufficient to limit the scope of protection of the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0033] In some examples, the first tunable dielectric layer 31 includes, but is not limited to, a liquid crystal layer. In the following description of embodiments of this disclosure, the first tunable dielectric layer 31 is exemplified as a liquid crystal layer.

[0034] In this embodiment, the dimensions of the adjustable capacitor C, the first adjusting electrode 51, and the second adjusting electrode 52, as well as the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer, are as shown in formula (1):

[0035]

[0036] Where ε is the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal material, S is the overlapping area of ​​the first adjustment electrode 51 and the second adjustment electrode 52, and d is the distance between the first adjustment electrode 51 and the second adjustment electrode 52.

[0037] By utilizing the adjustable dielectric constant of the liquid crystal material, a bias voltage is applied to the first adjusting electrode 51 and the second adjusting electrode 52 to change the dielectric constant ε of the liquid crystal material, thereby changing the size of the adjustable capacitor C and thus changing the input impedance Z of the antenna port. L This eliminates or reduces frequency shifts caused by process tolerances, thus achieving the calibration purpose. L The equivalent load of the antenna, such as Figure 3 As shown.

[0038] In the antenna of this embodiment, since the radiating component 40 is electrically connected to an adjustable capacitor C composed of a first adjusting electrode 51 and a second adjusting electrode 52, for example, the radiating element is electrically connected to the first adjusting electrode 51. According to the first voltage applied to the first radiating element and the pre-stored mapping table of the first voltage and the second voltage, the second voltage corresponding to the actual voltage is applied to the second adjusting electrode 52 to adjust the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer between the first adjusting electrode 51 and the second adjusting electrode 52, thereby adjusting the size of the adjustable capacitor C, thereby eliminating the problem of antenna operating frequency offset caused by process tolerance, and improving antenna gain and efficiency.

[0039] In some examples, the first regulating electrode 51 and the radiating component 40 in this embodiment can be reused. That is, the radiating component 40 is used not only for radiating radio frequency signals but also as the first regulating electrode 51 of the adjustable capacitor C. Since the first regulating electrode 51 and the radiating component 40 are reused, the radiating component 40 and the first regulating electrode 51 are loaded with the same voltage signal in this embodiment. There is no need to set up a separate control line to apply voltage to the first regulating electrode 51, which reduces wiring and facilitates control. Moreover, the reuse of the radiating component 40 and the first regulating electrode 51 can effectively reduce the antenna size.

[0040] Furthermore, the antenna not only includes the above-described structure, but also includes a first control line 61 electrically connected to the radiating component 40, and a second control line 62 electrically connected to the second adjustment electrode 52. When there are multiple second adjustment electrodes 52, the second control line 62 and the first adjustment electrode 51 can be connected in a one-to-one correspondence, or the second adjustment electrode 52 can be connected to the same second control signal line.

[0041] In this embodiment, the radiating component 40 and the first control line 61 can be disposed on the same layer or on separate layers. When the radiating component 40 and the first control line 61 are disposed on the same layer, the first control line 61 and the radiating component 40 can be directly electrically connected. In this case, the first control line 61 and the radiating component 40 can be formed in a single process, which helps to achieve a thinner antenna structure. When the radiating component 40 and the first control line 61 are disposed on two separate layers, with an interlayer insulating layer between the two layers, the first control line 61 can be connected to the component across layers through a via penetrating the insulating layer. Similarly, the second adjustment electrode 52 and the second control line 62 can be disposed on the same layer and directly electrically connected; alternatively, the second adjustment electrode 52 and the second control line 62 can be disposed on different layers and electrically connected across layers.

[0042] In some examples, the second adjustment electrode 52 can be a rectangular patch or a circular patch. The shape of the second adjustment electrode 52 is not specifically limited in this embodiment; it can be designed according to specific antenna performance requirements. The second adjustment electrode 52 can be made of a metallic material, such as copper.

[0043] In some examples, the antenna in this disclosure embodiment includes not only the structure described above, but also a phase shifter 80. This phase shifter 80 can be a single-wire phase shifter 80 or a differential dual-wire phase shifter 80. In this disclosure embodiment, a differential phase shifter 80 is used as an example. The second tunable dielectric layer 32 in the phase shifter 80 includes, but is not limited to, a liquid crystal layer. In this disclosure embodiment, a liquid crystal layer is used as an example for the second tunable dielectric layer 32; that is, the second tunable electrode layer can be shared with the first tunable dielectric layer 31.

[0044] Figure 4 This is a partial schematic diagram of a phase shifter 80 of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 5 for Figure 4 The cross section of AA'; such as Figure 4 and 5As shown, the phase shifter 80 includes a first transmission line disposed on a first dielectric substrate 10 and a second transmission line disposed on a second dielectric substrate 20, as well as a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second transmission lines. The first transmission line includes a first trunk line 81 and a first branch 83 connected in the extension direction of the first trunk line 81; the second transmission line includes a second trunk line 82 and a second branch 84 connected in the extension direction of the second trunk line 82. The orthographic projections of one first branch 83 and one second branch 84 on the first dielectric substrate 10 at least partially overlap, defining an overlapping region (i.e., a capacitance region), and the overlapping region is located between the orthographic projections of the first trunk line 81 and the second trunk line 82 on the first dielectric substrate 10. By applying a bias voltage to the first trunk line 81 and the second trunk line 82, an electric field is formed in the capacitance region, thereby changing the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal molecules and achieving phase shifting of the microwave signal.

[0045] Furthermore, since the main characteristic of the differential liquid crystal phase shifter 80 is that it operates in differential mode, it has a higher phase shifting efficiency compared to the single-line phase shifter 80. However, in order to provide a differential signal, a first balun component and a second balun component need to be added to both the input and output terminals of the phase shifter 80, such as... Figure 6As shown, both the first and second balun components include a main road 85 / 88, a first branch road 86 / 89, and a second branch road 87 / 810. For the first balun component, the first ends of both the first branch road 86 and the second branch road 87 are connected to the main road 85, the second end of the first branch road 86 is connected to the first end of the first trunk line 81, and the second end of the second branch road 87 is connected to the first end of the second trunk line 82. For the second balun component, the first ends of both the first branch road 89 and the second branch road 810 are connected to the main road 88, the second end of the first branch road 89 is connected to the second end of the first trunk line 81, and the second end of the second branch road 810 is connected to the second end of the second trunk line 82. Furthermore, the first branch road 86 of the first balun component and the second branch road 810 of the second balun component are meandering lines to achieve a 180° phase difference between the first branch road 86 and the second branch road 87 of the first balun component, and a 180° phase difference between the first branch road 89 and the second branch road 810 of the second balun component. In this configuration, the main path 85 of the first balun component serves as the input terminal for the radio frequency (RF) signal, and the main path 88 of the second balun component serves as the output terminal. The RF signal fed into the first transmission line via the first branch 86 of the first balun component is 180° out of phase with the RF signal fed into the second transmission line via the second branch 87. After being transmitted to the first branch 89 and the second branch 810 of the second balun component via the first and second transmission lines respectively, the RF signal is restored and output as a microwave signal with the same phase and amplitude, which is then fed out via the main path 88 of the second balun component. It should be noted that a balun (balun-unbalance) component is a three-port device that can be used in microwave RF devices. A balun component is an RF transmission line transformer that converts matched input to differential input and can be used to excite differential lines, amplifiers, broadband antennas, balanced mixers, balanced frequency multipliers and modulators, phase shifters 80, and any circuit design that requires equal amplitude and 180° phase difference between two lines. In this balun component, the two outputs have equal amplitudes but opposite phases. In the frequency domain, this means there is a 180° phase difference between the two outputs; in the time domain, this means the voltage of one balanced output is the negative of the other balanced output.

[0046] When the phase shifter 80 in this embodiment includes the first balun component and the second balun component described above, the main path of the second balun component can be connected to the radiating component 40. In this embodiment, both the first balun component and the second balun component can be disposed on the first dielectric substrate 10. In this case, the second branch 87 of the first balun component can be coupled to the first end of the second transmission line, and the second branch 810 of the second balun component can be coupled to the second end of the second transmission line. Of course, the antenna structure may also include a feeding structure, which can be connected to the main path 85 of the first balun component.

[0047] It should be noted that the above only provides an exemplary structure of the phase shifter 80, but the phase shifter 80 in the embodiments of this disclosure is not limited to this. Various forms of phase shifters 80 can be applied in the antennas of the embodiments of this disclosure, and they will not be listed one by one here.

[0048] In some examples, the radiating component 40 in this embodiment can be a radiating patch, and the shape of the radiating patch can be rectangular, circular, triangular, octagonal, etc. Of course, the radiating component 40 is not limited to a radiating patch and can also be a dipole, etc. The selection of the radiating component 40 can be specifically set according to the requirements.

[0049] In some examples, the first dielectric substrate 10 and the second dielectric substrate 20 in this embodiment of the present disclosure may be glass substrate, printed circuit board (PCB), etc., and the materials of the first dielectric substrate 10 and the second dielectric substrate 20 are not limited in this embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure also provide an antenna control method. This method, which can be used to control the aforementioned antenna, includes: applying a first voltage to the radiating component 40 and the first regulating electrode 51, and applying a second voltage to the second regulating electrode 52 according to a pre-stored mapping table of the first and second voltages. By adjusting the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer between the first and second regulating electrodes 51 and 52, the size of the adjustable capacitor C is adjusted, thereby eliminating the antenna operating frequency offset problem caused by process tolerances and improving antenna gain and efficiency.

[0051] In some examples, the method in this disclosure further includes, before applying a first voltage to the radiation component 40 and the first regulating electrode 51, and applying a second voltage to the second regulating electrode 52 according to a pre-stored mapping table of the first and second voltages, the step of obtaining the mapping table of the first and second voltages.

[0052] Specifically, such as Figure 7 As shown, the steps to obtain the mapping table between the first voltage and the second voltage include:

[0053] S0, Initialization settings.

[0054] Specifically, step S0 includes: completing the calibration of the vector network analyzer and setting up the test environment. Setting up the test environment includes electrically connecting the vector analyzer and the antenna via an RF cable; electrically connecting the radiating component 40 / first adjustment electrode 51 to the voltage control module via a first control line 61; electrically connecting the second adjustment electrode 52 to the voltage control module via a second control voltage; electrically connecting the antenna's reference electrode layer to the voltage control module via a third control line; and electrically connecting the voltage control module to the power supply module and the test control terminal, such as... Figure 8As shown.

[0055] S1. Apply the first voltage to the radiating component 40, obtain the return loss of the antenna, and calculate the frequency offset corresponding to the first voltage.

[0056] Specifically, the test control terminal controls the voltage control module to apply the first voltage provided by the power supply module to the first radiating component 40, obtains the return loss of the wire through vector analysis, and calculates the frequency offset corresponding to the first voltage. It should be noted that no voltage is applied to the second regulating electrode 52 during this step.

[0057] S2. Determine whether the frequency offset corresponding to the first voltage exceeds the compensation range. If it exceeds the compensation range, end the process. If it does not exceed the compensation range, execute the following step S3.

[0058] Specifically, step S2 may include the test control terminal determining whether the frequency offset corresponding to the first voltage calculated by the vector analyzer exceeds the compensation range.

[0059] S3. Apply a test voltage to the second adjustment electrode 52 and adjust it until the frequency offset corresponding to the obtained return loss of the antenna exceeds the preset compensation range. Use the test voltage as the second voltage and generate a mapping table between the first voltage and the second voltage.

[0060] Specifically, step S3 includes: when the test control terminal determines that the frequency offset corresponding to the first voltage calculated by the vector analyzer does not exceed the compensation range, the control voltage control module loads the test voltage provided by the power supply module onto the second adjustment electrode 52, and adjusts the test voltage loaded on the second adjustment electrode 52 according to the return loss of the antenna obtained by the vector analyzer, until the frequency offset corresponding to the obtained return loss of the antenna exceeds the preset compensation range, and uses the test voltage as the second voltage, generates a mapping relationship table between the first voltage and the second voltage, and stores it in the test control terminal.

[0061] Thirdly, Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown Figure 9 As shown, this disclosure also provides an antenna array, which may include any of the antennas 100 in the above embodiments.

[0062] In some examples, the antennas in the antenna array can be arranged in a rectangular, circular, or triangular pattern. The shape of the antenna array is not limited in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0063] Fourthly, this disclosure also provides an electronic device including an antenna comprising the aforementioned antenna array. The antenna system provided in this disclosure further includes a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filtering unit. The antenna in the antenna system can function as either a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. The transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end. The baseband provides signals in at least one frequency band, such as 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G signals, and transmits the signals in at least one frequency band to the radio frequency transceiver. After receiving the signal, the antenna in the antenna system can transmit it to the receiving end in the transmitting unit after processing by the filtering unit, power amplifier, signal amplifier, and radio frequency transceiver. The receiving end may be, for example, a smart gateway.

[0064] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit and is used to modulate the signals transmitted by the transceiver unit, or to demodulate the signals received by the antenna before transmitting them to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the RF transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulation circuit, and a demodulation circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives various types of signals provided by the baseband, the modulation circuit can modulate the various types of signals provided by the baseband and then send them to the antenna. The antenna receives the signals and transmits them to the receiving circuit of the RF transceiver. The receiving circuit then transmits the signals to the demodulation circuit, which demodulates the signals and transmits them to the receiving end.

[0065] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to a signal amplifier and a power amplifier, which are then connected to a filtering unit. The filtering unit is connected to at least one antenna. During signal transmission, the signal amplifier improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit may include a duplexer and a filtering circuit. The filtering unit combines the signals output from the signal amplifier and power amplifier, filters out clutter, and transmits them to the antenna, which then radiates the signal. During signal reception, the antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit filters out clutter from the received signal before transmitting it to the signal amplifier and power amplifier. The signal amplifier increases the gain of the received signal, improving the SNR; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the received signal. The received signal is then processed by the power amplifier and signal amplifier before being transmitted to the RF transceiver, which in turn transmits it to the transceiver unit.

[0066] In some examples, the signal amplifier may include various types of signal amplifiers, such as low-noise amplifiers, without limitation.

[0067] In some examples, the electronic device provided in this disclosure also includes a power management unit connected to a power amplifier and providing the power amplifier with a voltage for amplifying signals.

[0068] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna comprising a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate disposed opposite to each other, a first tunable dielectric layer disposed between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, a radiating component and at least one first regulating electrode disposed on the first dielectric substrate, and at least one second regulating electrode and a reference electrode layer disposed on the second dielectric substrate; wherein the orthographic projections of the radiating component, the first regulating electrode, and the second regulating electrode on the first dielectric substrate all overlap with the orthographic projection of the reference electrode layer on the first dielectric substrate; wherein... The orthographic projections of a first regulating electrode and a second regulating electrode on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap to form an adjustable capacitor, and the adjustable capacitor is electrically connected to the radiating component. The antenna further includes a phase shifter connected to the radiating component; wherein the phase shifter includes a first transmission line disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate near the first tunable dielectric layer, a second transmission line disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate near the first tunable dielectric layer, and a second tunable dielectric layer disposed between the layer containing the first transmission line and the layer containing the second transmission line. The antenna further includes a first balun component and a second balun component. Both the first and second balun components include a main path, a first branch, and a second branch. The main path of the first balun component serves as the input terminal for the radio frequency signal. The first ends of both the first and second branches of the first balun component are connected to the main path of the first balun component. The second end of the first branch of the first balun component is connected to the first end of the first transmission line, and the second end of the second branch of the first balun component is connected to the first end of the second transmission line. The main path of the second balun component is connected to the radiating component. The first ends of both the first and second branches of the second balun component are connected to the main path of the second balun component. The second end of the first branch of the second balun component is connected to the second end of the first transmission line, and the second end of the second branch of the second balun component is connected to the second end of the second transmission line. The length of the first branch of the first balun component is greater than the length of the second branch of the first balun component, and the length difference between the first and second branches of the first balun component is equal to the length difference between the first and second branches of the second balun component.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, Each of the first regulating electrodes is reused with the radiation component.

3. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein, It also includes a first control line electrically connected to the radiation component and a second control line electrically connected to the second adjustment electrode, wherein the second control line is connected to the second adjustment electrode in a one-to-one correspondence.

4. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein, It also includes a first control line electrically connected to the radiation component and a second control line electrically connected to the second adjustment electrode, with each of the second adjustment electrodes connected to the same second control line.

5. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The first tunable dielectric layer and the second tunable dielectric layer are shared.

6. A method for controlling an antenna, the antenna comprising any one of claims 1-5, the method comprising: A first voltage is applied to the radiation assembly and the first regulating electrode, and a second voltage is applied to the second regulating electrode according to a pre-stored mapping table of the first and second voltages.

7. The antenna control method according to claim 6, wherein, Before applying a first voltage to the radiation assembly and the first regulating electrode, and applying a second voltage to the second regulating electrode according to a pre-stored mapping table of the first and second voltages, the process further includes: The first voltage is applied to the radiating component, the return loss of the antenna is obtained, and the frequency offset corresponding to the first voltage is calculated. When it is determined that the frequency offset meets the preset compensation range, the first voltage is applied to the first adjustment electrode, the test voltage is applied to the second adjustment electrode, and adjustments are made until the frequency offset corresponding to the obtained return loss of the antenna exceeds the preset compensation range. The test voltage is then used as the second voltage to generate a mapping table between the first voltage and the second voltage.

8. The antenna control method according to claim 7, wherein, The steps of applying the first voltage to the radiating component, obtaining the return loss of the antenna, and calculating the frequency offset corresponding to the first voltage include: The first voltage is applied to the radiating component, the return loss of the antenna is obtained by a vector analyzer, and the frequency offset corresponding to the first voltage is calculated.

9. An antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas; said antennas comprising any one of claims 1-5.

10. An electronic device comprising the antenna array of claim 9.

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