Phase shift unit, antenna module and mobile terminal

Abstract

The application discloses a phase shift unit, an antenna module and a mobile terminal. The phase shift unit (300) comprises a first metal layer (310), a second metal layer (320) and a phase shift adjusting device (330). The first metal layer (310) is provided with a transmission slot (311) for transmitting electromagnetic waves. The second metal layer (320) is arranged in the transmission slot (311) and is arranged in an insulating mode with the first metal layer (310). The phase shift adjusting device (330) is arranged between the first metal layer (310) and the second metal layer (320), and the phase shift adjusting device (330) is used for changing the phase of the electromagnetic waves. The phase shift unit, the antenna module and the mobile terminal can adjust the polarization direction of the antenna, and are beneficial to improving the communication performance of the mobile terminal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of electronic technology, and in particular to a phase shifting unit, an antenna module, and a mobile terminal. Background Technology

[0002] Mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, and smartwatches have become indispensable technological products in people's lives, studies, and entertainment. With the development of communication technology, more and more mobile devices are integrating 5G antennas for communication, thus possessing advantages such as high transmission speed and low transmission latency.

[0003] However, in related technologies, the polarization direction of the 5G antenna of the mobile terminal is difficult to change, which is not conducive to improving the communication performance of the mobile terminal. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This disclosure provides a phase-shifting unit, an antenna module, and a mobile terminal, which can adjust the polarization direction of the antenna, thereby improving the communication performance of the mobile terminal.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a phase-shifting unit is provided, including a first metal layer, a second metal layer, and a phase-shifting adjustment device. The first metal layer has a transmission gap for transmitting electromagnetic waves. The second metal layer is disposed within the transmission gap and is insulated from the first metal layer. The phase-shifting adjustment device is disposed between the first and second metal layers, and the phase-shifting adjustment device is used to change the phase of the electromagnetic waves.

[0006] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this disclosure may include the following beneficial effects: The aforementioned phase-shifting unit creates an electromagnetic wave transmission channel by placing a second metal layer within the transmission gap and insulating it from the first metal layer. A phase-shifting adjustment device is then placed between the first and second metal layers. Adjusting the phase-shifting device changes the phase of the electromagnetic wave, thus achieving phase adjustment of the antenna element.

[0007] The technical solution of this disclosure will be further explained below: In one embodiment, the transmission gap has at least two electric field strength points, and the phase shift adjustment device includes at least two, with each phase shift adjustment device corresponding to one of the electric field strength points and disposed at the corresponding electric field strength point.

[0008] In one embodiment, the phase-shifting device includes at least one of a resistor, a capacitor, and a diode.

[0009] In one embodiment, the second metal layer is at least partially circular or at least partially elliptical or polygonal, and the transmission gap surrounds the second metal layer to form an adjustment channel.

[0010] In one embodiment, the phase shifting unit further includes a first feed line, which is electrically connected to the phase shifting adjustment device and is insulated from the first metal layer and the second metal layer.

[0011] In one embodiment, the transmission gap includes a first channel and a second channel surrounding a second metal layer, the second channel being at least partially annular and having its two ends connected to the first channel.

[0012] In one embodiment, the transmission gap includes a first transmission channel, a second transmission channel, a third channel surrounding a second metal layer, and a fourth channel surrounding the second metal layer; at least a portion of the third channel is annular and communicates with the first and second transmission channels, and the third and fourth channels are disposed opposite to each other; at least a portion of the fourth channel is annular and communicates with the first and second transmission channels.

[0013] In one embodiment, the third channel and the fourth channel each have at least two electric field strength points, and the phase shift adjustment device corresponds one-to-one with the electric field strength points and is disposed at the corresponding electric field strength points.

[0014] In one embodiment, the width of the third channel is equal to the width of the fourth channel on the orthographic projection plane of the first metal layer.

[0015] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, an antenna module is also provided, including an antenna element and a phase-shifting unit as described in any of the above embodiments. The antenna element includes a radiating layer, the radiating layer includes a polarization slot, the polarization slot is coupled to a transmission slot, and the radiating layer is coupled to a first metal layer, so that the phase-shifting unit can adjust the phase of the antenna element.

[0016] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this disclosure may include the following beneficial effects: The aforementioned antenna module employs the phase-shifting unit, with the polarization slot connected to the transmission slot, allowing electromagnetic waves to be transmitted to the transmission channel. Since the phase-shifting adjustment device is positioned between the first and second metal layers, adjusting the device can change the phase of the electromagnetic wave, thereby adjusting the phase of the antenna element and altering its polarization direction.

[0017] The technical solution of this disclosure will be further explained below: In one embodiment, the polarization slot includes a second slot intersecting the first slot, and the transmission slot communicates with the first slot and / or the second slot to enable the phase shifting unit to adjust the phase of the antenna unit.

[0018] In one embodiment, the first slot and the second slot are strip-shaped and perpendicular to each other, so that the antenna module has vertical polarization and horizontal polarization; the transmission slot is connected to the first slot so that the phase shifting unit can adjust the phase of the antenna element in vertical polarization; and / or, the transmission slot is connected to the second slot so that the phase shifting unit can adjust the phase of the antenna element in horizontal polarization.

[0019] In one embodiment, the radiation layer further includes coupling stubs disposed on the first slit and / or the second slit.

[0020] In one embodiment, the transmission gap includes a first channel and a second channel surrounding a second metal layer, the second channel being at least partially annular, with both ends of the second channel communicating with the first channel. The first channel communicates with either the first gap or the second gap. Alternatively, the phase shifting unit includes two units, one of which has a first channel communicating with the first gap, and the other has a first channel communicating with the second gap.

[0021] In one embodiment, the first channel is configured with the same width as the first slit and the second slit; and / or, the first channel is 1 / 3λ wavelength.

[0022] In one embodiment, the transmission gap includes a first transmission channel, a second transmission channel, a third channel surrounding a second metal layer, and a fourth channel surrounding the second metal layer; at least a portion of the third channel is annular and communicates with the first and second transmission channels, and the third and fourth channels are disposed opposite to each other; at least a portion of the fourth channel is annular and communicates with the first and second transmission channels. The first transmission channel communicates with the first gap, and the second transmission channel communicates with the second gap.

[0023] In one embodiment, the first transmission channel is configured with the same width as the first gap; and / or, the second transmission channel is configured with the same width as the second gap.

[0024] In one embodiment, the first transmission channel is 1 / 3λ wavelength; and / or, the first transmission channel is 1 / 3λ wavelength.

[0025] In one embodiment, one end of the first transmission channel is connected to one end of the first gap, and the other end of the first transmission channel is connected to one end of the third channel and one end of the fourth channel, respectively; one end of the second transmission channel is connected to one end of the second gap, and the other end of the second transmission channel is connected to the other end of the third channel and the other end of the fourth channel, respectively, and the second transmission channel is arranged opposite to the first transmission channel.

[0026] In one embodiment, the antenna unit further includes a dielectric layer, a radiating layer, and a phase-shifting unit disposed on the dielectric layer.

[0027] In one embodiment, the radiating layer is integrally formed with the first metal layer and attached to the dielectric layer.

[0028] In one embodiment, the radiation layer is a frequency-selective surface.

[0029] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a mobile terminal is also provided, including a control module and an antenna module as described in any of the above embodiments. The control module is connected to a phase-shifting device to adjust the impedance of the phase-shifting device.

[0030] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this disclosure may include the following beneficial effects: The aforementioned mobile terminal employs the aforementioned antenna module, with the polarization gap connected to the transmission gap, allowing electromagnetic waves to be transmitted to the transmission channel. Since the phase-shifting device is positioned between the first and second metal layers, adjusting the impedance of the phase-shifting device via the control module can change the phase of the electromagnetic wave, thereby adjusting the phase of the antenna element and facilitating changes to the polarization direction of the antenna element.

[0031] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this disclosure, are used to provide a further understanding of this disclosure. The illustrative embodiments of this disclosure and their descriptions are used to explain this disclosure and do not constitute an undue limitation of this disclosure.

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mobile terminal shown in one embodiment.

[0035] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the unfolded antenna array.

[0036] Figure 3 for Figure 2 An enlarged schematic diagram of region A shown.

[0037] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the assembly of the antenna module mounted on the back cover.

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the unfolded antenna array shown in one embodiment.

[0039] Figure 6 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the phase-shifting unit on the radiating layer as shown in another embodiment.

[0040] Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the antenna array structure shown in one embodiment.

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the unfolded antenna array shown in one embodiment.

[0042] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the unfolded antenna array shown in one embodiment.

[0043] Figure 10 for Figure 9 An enlarged schematic diagram of region B is shown.

[0044] Figure 11 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the phase-shifting unit on the radiating layer as shown in another embodiment.

[0045] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the unfolded antenna array shown in another embodiment.

[0046] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the unfolded antenna array shown in another embodiment.

[0047] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 10. Mobile terminal; 11. Control module; 12. Antenna module; 13. Housing assembly; 100. Back cover; 200. Antenna element; 210. Radiating layer; 211. Polarization slot; 201. First slot; 202. Second slot; 203. First extension slot; 204. Second extension slot; 212. Frequency selective surface; 213. Microstrip patch; 220. Dielectric layer; 300. Phase shifting unit; 310. First metal layer; 311. Transmission slot; 301. First channel; 302. Second channel; 303. First transmission channel; 304. Second transmission channel; 305. Third channel; 306. Fourth channel; 320. Second metal layer; 330. Phase shifting adjustment device; 340. First feed line; 400. Feeding unit; 410. Second feed line. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this disclosure clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and do not limit the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0049] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this disclosure.

[0050] For ease of understanding, the technical terms involved in the embodiments of this disclosure will be explained and described below.

[0051] A frequency selective surface (FSS) can form band-stop or band-pass characteristics within a specific operating frequency band, thereby achieving frequency selectivity for electromagnetic waves.

[0052] An antenna can be constructed from a single antenna element or from an antenna array formed by arranging multiple antenna elements.

[0053] Polarization, usually referring to the polarization of electromagnetic waves, refers to the direction of the electric field intensity vector of an electromagnetic wave as it propagates through space, following a fixed pattern. Polarization is classified into vertical polarization and horizontal polarization.

[0054] The polarization direction is determined by the direction in which the antenna radiates electromagnetic waves into the surrounding space. Electromagnetic waves consist of electric and magnetic fields. The direction of the electric field can be defined as the antenna's polarization direction. Generally, antennas used are single-polarized.

[0055] Directivity refers to the ability of an antenna to radiate or receive radiation in different directions in space.

[0056] Antenna radiation pattern measures antenna directivity. A radiation pattern typically has two or more lobes; the largest lobe is called the main lobe, and the others are called side lobes. The angle between the two half-power points of the main lobe is defined as the beamwidth of the antenna radiation pattern, also known as the half-power (angular) lobe width. The narrower the main lobe width, the better the directivity and the stronger the anti-interference capability.

[0057] Beamwidth includes horizontal beamwidth and vertical beamwidth.

[0058] The radiation pattern of the main lobe of an antenna can be obtained by simulating cosθ to the power of q, that is, the radiation pattern of the main lobe of the antenna can be obtained by cosqθ. Once this radiation pattern is determined, the beamwidth of the antenna can be calculated. q is the element factor of the antenna; the smaller the value of q, the larger the beamwidth of the antenna. The q of the radiating layer of the antenna is usually fixed.

[0059] Multiple antenna elements are arranged to form an antenna array. The antenna array is fed by a feed element (such as a feed network) to achieve its radiation function. Compared to a single antenna element, the beamwidth of the antenna array becomes narrower when it is composed of a single antenna element. For example, assuming that the number of antenna elements in the antenna array is N, and the beamwidth of a single antenna element is A°, the beamwidth of the antenna array is K°≈A° / N.

[0060] Antenna gain refers to the ratio of the power density of the signal produced by an actual antenna and an ideal radiating element at the same point in space, under the condition of equal input power. Generally speaking, the narrower the main lobe and the smaller the side lobes of an antenna's radiation pattern, the higher its gain.

[0061] The effective radiation length is usually considered to be approximately half of the radiation waveform λ.

[0062] Phase is the position of a wave at a specific moment within its cycle. For example, phase can be a scale at a crest, trough, or point in between. Phase describes a measure of change in a signal waveform and is usually expressed in degrees (angles), also known as phase angle.

[0063] The embodiments of this disclosure will now be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0064] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in some embodiments of this disclosure, a mobile terminal 10 is provided, including a control module 11 and an antenna module 12. The antenna module 12 includes an antenna element 200 and a phase-shifting unit 300. The antenna element 200 includes a radiating layer 210. The phase-shifting unit 300 includes a first metal layer 310, a second metal layer 320, and a phase-shifting adjustment device 330. The first metal layer 310 has a transmission slot 311 for transmitting electromagnetic waves. The second metal layer 320 is disposed within the transmission slot 311 and is insulated from the first metal layer 310. The phase-shifting adjustment device 330 is disposed between the first metal layer 310 and the second metal layer 320. The radiating layer 210 includes a polarization slot 211, which communicates with the transmission slot 311. The radiating layer 210 is coupled to the first metal layer 310 so that the phase-shifting unit 300 can adjust the phase of the antenna element 200. The control module is connected to the phase shift adjustment device 330 to adjust the impedance of the phase shift adjustment device 330, so that the phase shift adjustment device 330 can change the phase of the electromagnetic wave.

[0065] The aforementioned mobile terminal 10 employs the aforementioned antenna module 12. The antenna element 200 emits electromagnetic waves through the radiating layer 210. The polarization gap 211 is connected to the transmission gap 311, allowing the electromagnetic waves to be transmitted to the transmission channel. Since the phase-shifting device 330 is disposed between the first metal layer 310 and the second metal layer 320, the impedance of the phase-shifting device 330 can be adjusted by the control module, thereby changing the phase of the electromagnetic wave and adjusting the phase of the antenna element 200, facilitating the change of the polarization direction of the antenna element 200. Thus, the mobile terminal 10 can easily change the antenna polarization direction, improving communication performance.

[0066] It should be noted that there are various ways to implement the coupling between the transmission slot 311 and the polarization slot 211, as long as it can form an electromagnetic wave transmission channel. In this embodiment, the transmission slot 311 and the polarization slot 211 are connected, which is easy to implement and convenient to assemble.

[0067] It should be noted that the coupling between the radiating layer 210 and the first metal layer 310 can be implemented in various ways, including electromagnetic coupling or conductive coupling. In this embodiment, the radiating layer 210 and the first metal layer 310 are electrically connected to achieve conductive coupling, which facilitates assembly and reduces losses.

[0068] Mobile terminals include smartphones, tablets, wearable devices, microwave sensing devices, and other smart devices. The antenna module disclosed herein can improve the radiation performance of these mobile terminals and enhance their product competitiveness.

[0069] In particular, when the external structure of the mobile terminal is fixed and the radiating layer is also determined, the phase-shifting unit of this disclosure can be used to flexibly adjust the phase of the antenna element to obtain the desired radiation direction. For example, if the antenna element is a 5G antenna, the phase-shifting unit can also be used to flexibly adjust the phase of the antenna element, thereby adjusting the polarization direction of the 5G antenna and improving the communication performance of the mobile terminal.

[0070] like Figure 3 As shown, the phase shifting unit 300 also includes a first feed line 340, which is electrically connected to the phase shifting adjustment device 330. The first feed line 340 is insulated from the first metal layer 310 and the second metal layer 320. Thus, the first feed line 340 facilitates electrical connection to the control module 11.

[0071] like Figure 4As shown, in some embodiments, the antenna module 12 includes a feeding unit 400. The control module 11 is electrically connected to the feeding unit 400. The feeding unit 400 is connected to both the antenna unit 200 and the phase shifting unit 300, and includes a second feed line 410 connected to the antenna unit 200. Thus, the control module 11 is electrically connected to the phase shifting unit 300 via the first feed line 340 and to the antenna unit 200 via the second feed line 410, allowing the positions of the control module 11 and the antenna module 12 to be flexibly adjusted, reducing the design complexity of the mobile terminal 10.

[0072] It should be noted that there are various specific implementations of the power supply unit, as long as it can supply power to the antenna unit and the phase shifting unit.

[0073] In some embodiments, the control module 11 includes a control circuit board, and the power supply unit is disposed on the control circuit board. It should be noted that the power supply unit can be manufactured independently and then integrated onto the control circuit board. Alternatively, the power supply unit can be integrally molded with the control circuit board.

[0074] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the mobile terminal 10 further includes a housing assembly 13, on which the antenna unit 200 is fixed. Thus, the antenna unit 200 can be mounted using the housing assembly 13, making the internal structure of the mobile terminal 10 more compact.

[0075] Optionally, such as Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the housing assembly 13 includes a rear cover 100, and the antenna unit 200 is attached to the inner side of the rear cover 100. This allows for full utilization of the space in the rear cover 100 to install the antenna unit 200, making installation more convenient and facilitating avoidance of interference sources.

[0076] Based on any of the above embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, there are at least two antenna elements 200 arranged side by side to form an antenna array. The feed unit 400 includes a second feed line 410 corresponding to each antenna element 200.

[0077] Optionally, in some embodiments, at least two antenna elements 200 are arranged at intervals along the same direction to form a single-element millimeter-wave antenna array. Thus, a single-element millimeter-wave antenna array can be obtained using the antenna elements 200 of this disclosure, facilitating the adjustment of the polarization direction of the antenna elements 200 using the phase-shifting unit 300, reducing the difficulty of polarization control of the single-element millimeter-wave antenna array, thereby ensuring the relevant performance requirements of 5G millimeter waves and improving the radiation performance of the mobile terminal 10.

[0078] Based on any of the above embodiments, such as Figure 3As shown, in some embodiments, the transmission slot 311 has at least two electric field strength points, and the phase shift adjustment device 330 includes at least two devices, each corresponding to one of the electric field strength points and positioned at the corresponding electric field strength point. Thus, by setting at least two phase shift adjustment devices 330 at the corresponding electric field strength points to change the phase of the electromagnetic wave, the phase adjustment of the antenna element 200 can be achieved more precisely and meticulously.

[0079] The strength of an electric field can usually be considered as the number of peaks in a sinusoidal current waveform.

[0080] Optionally, the transmission gap 311 has two electric field strength points, and there are two phase shift adjustment devices 330, which correspond one-to-one.

[0081] like Figure 4 As shown, optionally, the transmission gap 311 has four electric field strength points, and the phase shift adjustment device 330 has four points, with one-to-one correspondence between the two.

[0082] Optionally, the transmission gap 311 has three electric field strength points, and the phase shift adjustment device 330 consists of two devices, which are spaced apart at two of the electric field strength points.

[0083] Optionally, the transmission gap 311 has six electric field strength points, and the phase shift adjustment device 330 consists of two, which are spaced apart at two of the electric field strength points.

[0084] It should be noted that the number of phase-shifting devices 330 can be selected according to actual needs, including placing one phase-shifting device 330 between the first metal layer 310 and the second metal layer 320 to change the phase of the electromagnetic wave.

[0085] Based on any of the above embodiments, in some embodiments, the phase-shifting device 330 includes at least one of a resistor, a capacitor, and a diode. This facilitates changing the phase of the electromagnetic wave by adjusting the impedance. Specifically, by changing the magnitude of the current or voltage flowing through the resistor, capacitor, or diode, the radiation phase of the antenna can be adjusted, changing its polarization direction, making antenna radiation phase adjustment more convenient.

[0086] like Figure 3 As shown, in one example, the phase-shifting device 330 includes a diode and is positioned at a point of high electric field strength. This allows for the alteration of the impedance characteristics by changing the magnitude of the diode's current or voltage, thereby adjusting the antenna's radiation phase, changing its polarization direction, and making the antenna's radiation phase adjustment more accurate.

[0087] In other embodiments, the phase-shifting device 330 may also include other electronic components with adjustable impedance characteristics, which are not limited here.

[0088] Based on any of the above embodiments, in some embodiments, the second metal layer 320 is at least partially circular or at least partially elliptical or polygonal, and the transmission gap 311 surrounds the second metal layer 320 to form an adjustment channel. Thus, the shape of the second metal layer 320 can be adjusted according to actual needs to form the desired adjustment channel, and a portion of the phase-shifting adjustment device 330 is disposed on the adjustment channel.

[0089] like Figure 3 or Figure 10 As shown in one example, the second metal layer 320 is circular, and the adjustment channel is annular.

[0090] like Figure 6 or Figure 11 As shown in one example, the second metal layer 320 is square, and the adjustment channel is square-ring shaped.

[0091] It should be noted that the polarization slot 211 can be implemented in various ways, as long as it can achieve the polarization of the antenna element 200. For example, if the polarization slot 211 is disposed within the radiating layer 210, it can achieve horizontal polarization of the antenna element 200. As another example, if the polarization slot 211 is disposed within the radiating layer 210, it can achieve vertical polarization of the antenna element 200. Furthermore, if the polarization slot 211 is disposed within the radiating layer 210, it can achieve both horizontal and vertical polarization of the antenna element 200.

[0092] Based on any of the above embodiments, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the polarization slot 211 includes a second slot 202 intersecting with the first slot 201, and the transmission slot 311 communicates with the first slot 201 and / or the second slot 202, so that the phase shifting unit 300 can adjust the phase of the antenna unit 200. Thus, by communicating the transmission slot 311 with the first slot 201 and / or the second slot 202, coupling is achieved, allowing the phase shifting unit 300 to be accessed in the radiating layer 210, and thereby used to adjust the phase of the antenna unit 200.

[0093] Furthermore, it helps reduce losses, and the cross-configuration facilitates optimization, resulting in better performance of the antenna element 200 disclosed herein.

[0094] Based on any of the above embodiments, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 8As shown, in some embodiments, the first slot 201 and the second slot 202 are strip-shaped and perpendicular to each other. This allows the antenna element 200 to have both vertical and horizontal polarization, enabling the directivity of the antenna element 200 to be adjusted in either the vertical or horizontal direction to meet horizontal and / or vertical beamwidth requirements.

[0095] Based on the above embodiments, such as Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the transmission slot 311 is connected to the first slot 201 so that the phase shifting unit 300 can adjust the phase of the antenna element 200 in vertical polarization. Thus, when the vertical polarization of the antenna element 200 cannot meet the requirements, the impedance of the phase shifting device 330 can be adjusted by the control module, allowing the phase shifting device 330 to change the phase of the electromagnetic wave in vertical polarization, thereby achieving phase adjustment of the antenna element 200 in vertical polarization and ensuring that the adjusted antenna element 200 meets the vertical polarization requirements.

[0096] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the transmission gap 311 includes a first channel 301 and a second channel 302 surrounding the second metal layer 320. The second channel 302 is at least partially annular, and its two ends are respectively connected to the first channel 301. The first channel 301 is connected to the first gap 201.

[0097] like Figure 5 As shown, in other embodiments, transmission slot 311 is connected to the first slot 201 to enable the phase shifting unit 300 to adjust the phase of vertical polarization. Furthermore, transmission slot 311 is connected to the second slot 202 to enable the phase shifting unit 300 to adjust the phase of horizontal polarization of the antenna unit 200. Thus, when the vertical polarization of the antenna unit 200 does not meet the requirements, the impedance of the phase shifting device 330 can be adjusted by the control module, allowing the phase shifting device 330 to change the phase of vertical polarization of the electromagnetic wave, thereby achieving phase adjustment of the antenna unit 200 in vertical polarization and ensuring that the adjusted antenna unit 200 meets the vertical polarization requirements. Similarly, when the horizontal polarization of the antenna unit 200 does not meet the requirements, the impedance of the phase shifting device 330 can be adjusted by the control module, allowing the phase shifting device 330 to change the phase of horizontal polarization of the electromagnetic wave, thereby achieving phase adjustment of the antenna unit 200 in horizontal polarization and ensuring that the adjusted antenna unit 200 meets the horizontal polarization requirements.

[0098] Furthermore, combined Figure 3 ,like Figure 5As shown, in some embodiments, the transmission gap 311 includes a first channel 301 and a second channel 302 surrounding the second metal layer 320. The second channel 302 is at least partially annular, and its two ends are respectively connected to the first channel 301. Two phase-shifting units 300 are included, one of which has a first channel 301 connected to the first gap 201, and the other has a first channel 301 connected to the second gap 202.

[0099] like Figure 8 As shown, in other embodiments, the transmission slot 311 is connected to the second slot 202, so that the phase shifting unit 300 can adjust the phase of the antenna element 200 in horizontal polarization. Thus, when the horizontal polarization of the antenna element 200 cannot meet the requirements, the impedance of the phase shifting device 330 can be adjusted by the control module, allowing the phase shifting device 330 to change the phase of the electromagnetic wave in horizontal polarization, thereby achieving phase adjustment of the antenna element 200 in horizontal polarization, so that the adjusted antenna element 200 meets the horizontal polarization requirements.

[0100] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the transmission gap 311 includes a first channel 301 and a second channel 302 surrounding the second metal layer 320, the second channel 302 being at least partially annular, and both ends of the second channel 302 communicating with the first channel 301 respectively.

[0101] Based on any embodiment of the first channel 301 described above, in some embodiments, the first channel 301 is configured with the same width as the first slot 201 and the second slot 202. This reduces losses and improves the radiation performance of the antenna element 200. Furthermore, the adjustment pattern is more controllable.

[0102] In some embodiments, the first channel 301 is 1 / 3λ wavelength.

[0103] It should be noted that in the process of adjusting the horizontal and vertical polarization of antenna element 200 using phase shifting unit 300, in addition to using two phase shifting units 300, it is also achieved through the use of phase shifting unit 300. Figures 9 to 12As shown, in some embodiments, the transmission slot 311 includes a first transmission channel 303, a second transmission channel 304, a third channel 305 surrounding the second metal layer 320, and a fourth channel 306 surrounding the second metal layer 320; at least a portion of the third channel 305 is annular and communicates with the first transmission channel 303 and the second transmission channel 304, and the third channel 305 and the fourth channel 306 are arranged opposite to each other; at least a portion of the fourth channel 306 is annular and communicates with the first transmission channel 303 and the second transmission channel 304. The first transmission channel 303 communicates with the first slot 201, and the second transmission channel 304 communicates with the second slot 202. Thus, when the vertical polarization of the antenna element 200 cannot meet the requirements, the impedance of the phase-shifting device 330 located on the third channel 305 can be adjusted by the control module, so that the phase-shifting device 330 can change the phase of the vertical polarization of the electromagnetic wave, thereby realizing the phase adjustment of the antenna element 200 in vertical polarization, so that the adjusted antenna element 200 meets the vertical polarization requirements. When the horizontal polarization of the antenna element 200 cannot meet the requirements, the impedance of the phase-shifting device 330 on the fourth channel 306 can be adjusted by the control module, so that the phase-shifting device 330 can change the phase of the horizontal polarization of the electromagnetic wave, thereby realizing the phase adjustment of the horizontal polarization of the antenna element 200, so that the adjusted antenna element 200 meets the horizontal polarization requirements.

[0104] Based on any of the above embodiments, in some embodiments, the first transmission channel 303 and the first slot 201 are set to the same width; and / or, the second transmission channel 304 and the second slot 202 are set to the same width. This reduces losses and improves the radiation performance of the antenna element 200. Furthermore, the adjustment pattern is more controllable.

[0105] Based on any of the above embodiments, in some embodiments, the first transmission channel 303 is 1 / 3λ wavelength; and / or, the first transmission channel 303 is 1 / 3λ wavelength. Thus, the first transmission channel 303 and / or the second transmission channel 304 are equal to 2 / 3 of the effective radiation length of the radiation layer 210, which allows for better adjustment of the electromagnetic wave phase.

[0106] Based on any of the above embodiments, such as Figure 9 or Figure 12As shown, in some embodiments, one end of the first transmission channel 303 is connected to one end of the first gap 201, and the other end of the first transmission channel 303 is connected to one end of the third channel 305 and one end of the fourth channel 306, respectively; one end of the second transmission channel 304 is connected to one end of the second gap 202, and the other end of the second transmission channel 304 is connected to the other end of the third channel 305 and the other end of the fourth channel 306, respectively, and the second transmission channel 304 is arranged opposite to the first transmission channel 303. This facilitates the construction of different phase differences at the two ends of the first gap 201 and the second gap 202, thereby making the phase in the vertical direction (Y direction) and the phase in the horizontal direction (X direction) of the polarization gap 211 different, thus facilitating the use of the phase shifting unit 300 to change its polarization mode.

[0107] It should be noted that one end of the first transmission channel 303 may be perpendicular to or not perpendicular to the first gap 201. One end of the second transmission channel 304 may be perpendicular to or not perpendicular to the second gap 202.

[0108] Based on any of the above embodiments, such as Figure 10 as well as Figure 11 As shown, in some embodiments, the third channel 305 and the fourth channel 306 each have at least two electric field strength points, and the phase-shifting adjustment device 330 corresponds one-to-one with each electric field strength point and is disposed at the corresponding electric field strength point. Thus, by setting at least two phase-shifting adjustment devices 330 at the corresponding electric field strength points to change the phase of the antenna element 200, the vertical polarization direction and horizontal polarization direction of the antenna element 200 can be adjusted more precisely and meticulously.

[0109] Based on any of the above embodiments, in some embodiments, the width of the third channel 305 is equal to the width of the fourth channel 306 on the orthographic projection plane of the first metal layer 310. This reduces losses and improves the radiation performance of the antenna element 200, and also makes the adjustment more controllable.

[0110] Understandably, in conjunction with the above embodiments, the adjustment channel can be the second channel 302, or a combination of the third channel 305 and the fourth channel 306.

[0111] Based on any of the above embodiments, such as Figures 7 to 13 As shown, in some embodiments, the antenna element 200 further includes a dielectric layer 220, a radiating layer 210, and a phase-shifting unit 300 disposed on the dielectric layer 220. This facilitates the use of the dielectric layer 220 to support the radiating layer 210 and the phase-shifting unit 300, and allows for further adjustment of the radiation performance of the antenna element 200 using the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 220.

[0112] The dielectric layer 220 is a dielectric substrate, and its dielectric constant and thickness can be flexibly required; the first prepreg is a prepreg, and its dielectric constant and thickness can be flexibly required.

[0113] Meanwhile, it is understandable that the polarization direction of the antenna element 200 can be adjusted by adjusting the first slot 201 and the second slot 202. Compared with the conventional technology, the antenna element 200 disclosed herein has less process requirements and can be realized using the conventional microstrip fabrication process, which is conducive to reducing the manufacturing cost of the antenna element 200.

[0114] Based on any of the above embodiments, in some embodiments, the radiating layer 210 and the first metal layer 310 are integrally formed and attached to the dielectric layer 220. This facilitates the use of pattern development on the dielectric layer 220 to obtain the integrally formed radiating layer 210 and first metal layer 310, reducing assembly errors and improving manufacturing precision. That is, it facilitates the use of circuit board manufacturing technology to manufacture the structure of the radiating layer 210 and part of the phase-shifting unit 300, and then the phase-shifting adjustment device 330 is placed in the corresponding position, thus completing the assembly of the antenna unit 200 and the phase-shifting unit 300. This reduces the number of steps and improves production efficiency.

[0115] Based on any of the above embodiments, such as Figure 13 As shown, in some embodiments, the radiating layer 210 is a frequency selective surface 212. Thus, the radiation performance of the antenna element 200 can be improved by utilizing the frequency selective surface 212.

[0116] like Figure 13 As shown, in one example, the frequency selective surface 212 includes a microstrip patch 213. This allows the antenna element 200 of this disclosure to be combined using multiple frequency selective surfaces 212 to meet different needs. It also allows for a wider range of phase differences in the antenna element 200. Thus, the antenna element 200 of this disclosure has a large polarization direction and a large phase selection range. Antennas composed using the coupled antenna elements 200 of this disclosure have a wider bandwidth, which is beneficial for improving antenna performance and thus enhancing the performance of the mobile terminal 10 equipped with this antenna. For example, the antenna element 200 of this disclosure can be used for local optimization of spherical waves, thereby achieving greater beamforming capability.

[0117] Based on the aforementioned frequency selectivity surface, during the manufacturing and debugging of the antenna element, the desired polarization direction can be obtained by adjusting the total length of the slots in the first direction (i.e., indirectly or directly extending the length of the first slot); or by adjusting the total length of the slots in the second direction (i.e., indirectly or directly extending the length of the second slot), or by expanding or reducing the width of the first slot and / or the second slot. Compared with traditional technologies, the adjustment of the polarization direction is more flexible. Furthermore, expanding the polarization direction helps reduce the number of metal layers in the antenna element, thereby reducing losses. Combined with the aforementioned method of adjusting the number of dielectric layers, the adverse effects of surface asymmetry on performance can be effectively reduced.

[0118] It should be noted that "the extension direction of the first gap intersects the extension direction of the second gap" includes the direct intersection of the first gap and the second gap, or the intersection of the extension direction of the first gap and the second gap, or the intersection of the extension directions of the first gap and the second gap.

[0119] For example, in one embodiment, the first slit is in a first direction, the second slit is in a second direction, and the first direction intersects the second direction.

[0120] It should be noted that the lengths of the "first slot" and the "second slot" can be selected according to the characteristics of the antenna element, and their length ranges from 0mm to 10mm. For example, the lengths of the "first slot" and / or the "second slot" are 1mm, 2mm, 4mm, 6mm, 8mm, 10mm, etc.

[0121] Based on the above implementation, such as Figure 2 as well as Figure 13 As shown, in some embodiments, the first slot 201 and the second slot 202 are arranged perpendicularly to each other. This facilitates the arrangement of the first slot 201 along a first direction (such as the X direction or the horizontal direction) and the second slot 202 along a second direction (such as the Y direction or the vertical direction), and allows for regular adjustments to the first slot 201 and the second slot 202 (including adjustments to their length and width), resulting in better radiation performance of the antenna element 200 of this disclosure.

[0122] Based on any of the above implementations, such as Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments, the radiating layer 210 further includes coupling stubs disposed on the first slot 201 and / or the second slot 202. Thus, by utilizing coupling stubs, edge losses can be reduced and polarization direction improved within the same dimensions of the first slot 201 and the second slot 202, further enhancing the radiation efficiency and performance of the antenna element 200 of this disclosure.

[0123] Based on the above implementation, such as Figure 13As shown, in some embodiments, the coupling stub includes a first extension slot 203, which is parallel to and spaced apart from the first slot 201, and connected to the second slot 202; the coupling stub also includes a second extension slot 204, which is parallel to and spaced apart from the second slot 202, and connected to the first slot 201. The second extension slot 204 and the first extension slot 203 are spaced apart on the radiating layer 210. Thus, the length of the first slot 201 is indirectly extended by the first extension slot 203, and the length of the second slot 202 is indirectly extended by the second extension slot 204, thereby expanding the polarization direction of the antenna element 200 of this disclosure.

[0124] In some embodiments, there are at least two first extension slots 203 and at least two second extension slots 204. Thus, by adjusting the length and number of the first extension slots 203 and the length and number of the second extension slots 204, the polarization direction of the antenna element 200 of this disclosure can be expanded, while losses can be reduced.

[0125] Based on any of the above embodiments, in some embodiments, the first slot 201 and / or the second slot 202 are microstrip slots. This is beneficial for improving the reliability of the antenna element 200 of this disclosure and reducing manufacturing costs.

[0126] Based on any of the above implementations, such as Figure 2 as well as Figure 13 As shown, in some embodiments, the first slot 201 and the second slot 202 form a symmetrical pattern, and the center of this pattern coincides with the center of the radiating layer 210. This facilitates the initial optimization of the antenna element 200 of this disclosure, reduces interference, and makes it easier to obtain adjustment patterns. Furthermore, it allows for adjustments to the length, width, or depth of the first slot 201 and the second slot 202 according to actual needs to obtain the desired antenna element 200.

[0127] For example, the first gap and the second gap form a cross shape (e.g.) Figure 2 (as shown), or forming a graphic of "Jerusalem" (such as...) Figure 13 (as shown) etc.

[0128] After applying the aforementioned phase-shifting unit to a mobile terminal, the operating state (impedance characteristics) of the phase-shifting adjustment device can be changed using the control module according to the radiation polarization of the antenna module, thereby reconstructing the polarization of the antenna module. Furthermore, after adjustment, if the mobile terminal requires maintenance later, the impedance of the phase-shifting adjustment device can be adjusted using the control module to readjust the radiation polarization of the antenna module as needed, ensuring or improving the radiation performance of the mobile terminal and thus improving maintenance efficiency.

[0129] Of course, after the adjustment is completed, this method can also be used to adjust the radiation performance of mobile terminals in other situations where maintenance needs to be handled. Compared with traditional technology, antenna polarization adjustment is more convenient.

[0130] In the description of this disclosure, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this disclosure and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this disclosure.

[0131] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this disclosure, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0132] In this disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this disclosure according to the specific circumstances.

[0133] In this disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0134] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as "fixed to", "set on", "fixed to", or "mounted on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or it can be located in the middle of the component.

[0135] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0136] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this disclosure, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed. However, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the inventive concept of this disclosure, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the protection scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A phase-shifting unit, characterized in that, include: The first metal layer has transmission slots for transmitting electromagnetic waves; A second metal layer is disposed within the transmission gap and is insulated from the first metal layer; as well as A phase-shifting device is disposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer, and the phase-shifting device is used to change the phase of the electromagnetic wave; The transmission gap has at least two electric field strength points, and the phase shift adjustment device includes at least two, with each phase shift adjustment device corresponding to one of the electric field strength points and disposed at the corresponding electric field strength point.

2. The phase-shifting unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase-shifting device includes at least one of a resistor, a capacitor, and a diode.

3. The phase-shifting unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second metal layer is at least partially circular or at least partially elliptical or polygonal, and the transmission gap surrounds the second metal layer to form an adjustment channel.

4. The phase-shifting unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase-shifting unit further includes a first feed line, which is electrically connected to the phase-shifting adjustment device, and the first feed line is insulated from the first metal layer and the second metal layer.

5. The phase-shifting unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The transmission gap includes a first channel and a second channel surrounding the second metal layer, the second channel being at least partially annular, and both ends of the second channel communicating with the first channel.

6. The phase-shifting unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The transmission gap includes a first transmission channel, a second transmission channel, a third channel surrounding the second metal layer, and a fourth channel surrounding the second metal layer; at least a portion of the third channel is annular and communicates with the first and second transmission channels, and the third and fourth channels are disposed opposite to each other; at least a portion of the fourth channel is annular and communicates with the first and second transmission channels.

7. The phase-shifting unit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The third channel and the fourth channel each have at least two electric field strength points, and the phase-shifting adjustment device corresponds one-to-one with the electric field strength points and is set at the corresponding electric field strength points.

8. The phase-shifting unit according to claim 6, characterized in that, On the orthographic projection plane of the first metal layer, the width of the third channel is equal to the width of the fourth channel.

9. An antenna module, characterized in that, The antenna unit includes an antenna element and a phase-shifting unit as described in any one of claims 1 to 8. The antenna element includes a radiating layer, the radiating layer includes a polarization slot coupled to the transmission slot, and the radiating layer is coupled to the first metal layer, so that the phase-shifting unit can adjust the phase of the antenna element.

10. The antenna module according to claim 9, characterized in that, The polarization slot includes a second slot that intersects with the first slot, and the transmission slot communicates with the first slot and / or the second slot, so that the phase shifting unit can adjust the phase of the antenna unit.

11. The antenna module according to claim 10, characterized in that, The first slot and the second slot are strip-shaped and perpendicular to each other, so that the antenna element has vertical polarization and horizontal polarization; the transmission slot is connected to the first slot, so that the phase shifting unit can adjust the phase of the antenna element in vertical polarization; And / or, the transmission slot communicates with the second slot to enable the phase shifting unit to adjust the phase of the antenna element in horizontal polarization.

12. The antenna module according to claim 11, characterized in that, The radiation layer further includes coupling branches, which are disposed on the first slit and / or the second slit.

13. The antenna module according to claim 12, characterized in that, The coupling spur includes a first extended slit, which is parallel and spaced apart from the first slit and connected to the second slit; And / or, the coupling spur further includes a second extended slit, which is parallel to and spaced apart from the first slit and connected to the first slit, and is spaced apart from the first extended slit in the radiation layer.

14. The antenna module according to claim 11, characterized in that, The transmission gap includes a first channel and a second channel surrounding the second metal layer, the second channel being at least partially annular, and both ends of the second channel communicating with the first channel respectively; The first channel is connected to the first gap or the second gap; Alternatively, the phase shifting unit may include two units, one of which has a first channel connected to the first gap, and the other has a first channel connected to the second gap.

15. The antenna module according to claim 14, characterized in that, The first channel is set to the same width as the first slit and the second slit; and / or, the first channel is 1 / 3λ wavelength.

16. The antenna module according to claim 11, characterized in that, The transmission gap includes a first transmission channel, a second transmission channel, a third channel surrounding the second metal layer, and a fourth channel surrounding the second metal layer; at least a portion of the third channel is annular and communicates with the first and second transmission channels, and the third and fourth channels are disposed opposite to each other; at least a portion of the fourth channel is annular and communicates with the first and second transmission channels. The first transmission channel is connected to the first gap, and the second transmission channel is connected to the second gap.

17. The antenna module according to claim 16, characterized in that, The first transmission channel is set to the same width as the first gap; and / or, the second transmission channel is set to the same width as the second gap.

18. The antenna module according to claim 16, characterized in that, The first transmission channel is 1 / 3λ wavelength; and / or, the first transmission channel is 1 / 3λ wavelength.

19. The antenna module according to claim 16, characterized in that, One end of the first transmission channel is connected to one end of the first gap, and the other end of the first transmission channel is connected to one end of the third channel and one end of the fourth channel, respectively; one end of the second transmission channel is connected to one end of the second gap, and the other end of the second transmission channel is connected to the other end of the third channel and the other end of the fourth channel, respectively, and the second transmission channel is arranged opposite to the first transmission channel.

20. The antenna module according to any one of claims 9 to 19, characterized in that, The antenna unit further includes a dielectric layer, and the radiating layer and the phase shifting unit are disposed on the dielectric layer.

21. The antenna module according to claim 20, characterized in that, The radiating layer is integrally formed with the first metal layer and is attached to the dielectric layer.

22. The antenna module according to claim 21, characterized in that, The radiation layer includes a frequency-selective surface.

23. A mobile terminal, characterized in that, The device includes a control module and an antenna module as described in any one of claims 9 to 22, wherein the control module is connected to the phase-shifting device to adjust the impedance of the phase-shifting device.

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