B-type steel press-fitting and assembling jig for middle beam of hopper car and b-type steel processing method

Abstract

The application discloses a type-B steel press-fitting and assembling jig for a middle beam of a hopper car, which comprises a platform (1) and a gantry (11), the gantry (11) is provided with a top pressing oil cylinder, a plurality of lower wing surface top pressing oil cylinders (4) and upper wing surface top pressing oil cylinders (13) are arranged on one side of the platform (1), a row of positioning support structures are arranged on the other side of the platform (1), the top pressing oil cylinder, the lower wing surface top pressing oil cylinder (4) and the upper wing surface top pressing oil cylinder (13) are provided with a step structure composed of a horizontal plane and two vertical planes, and the step structure is used for supporting the type-B steel. The application provides a machining tool and a corresponding machining method for the problem of how to transform a standard type-B steel into a knife handle structure, through a plurality of processes such as type-B steel web cutting, stiffened plate inlaying, press-fitting and assembling welding into a knife handle type, knife handle position welding and the like, and finally assembling and welding into a vehicle middle beam framework.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machining, and in particular to a machining tooling and machining method for the middle beam of a railway transport hopper car. Background Technology

[0002] The funnel-shaped freight cars used on railways typically have a body beam welded from two B-shaped steel sections. These B-shaped steel sections need to be machined into a V-shaped structure, wider on the sides and narrower in the middle, meaning there's a handle-shaped structure on each side. Figure 1 As shown. When modifying a standard B-shaped steel beam into a knife-handle-shaped structure, if a portion of the web in the middle is removed and then welded together, the problem is that welding reduces the strength and stiffness of the middle web. For a beam, the middle section bears the greatest load and deforms more severely than the sides, easily leading to weld fracture and structural failure. While directly custom-making knife-handle-shaped B-shaped steel beams meets the strength and stiffness requirements, the customization cost is higher. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention addresses the problem of how to transform standard B-shaped steel into a knife-handle-shaped structure. It provides a processing fixture and a corresponding processing method. Through multiple processes such as cutting the web of the B-shaped steel, inserting stiffening plates, press-fitting and welding into a knife-handle shape, and welding the knife-handle position, the final assembly is welded into the vehicle's central beam frame. This central beam frame is the most important load-bearing component of the railway freight car body.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention:

[0005] A type B steel press-fitting and welding jig for the middle beam of a hopper car includes a platform 1 and a gantry 11. A top-pressing cylinder is installed on the gantry 11. Multiple lower wing top-pressing cylinders 4 and upper wing top-pressing cylinders 13 are installed on one side of the platform 1. A row of positioning support structures is installed on the other side of the platform 1. The positioning support structures of the top-pressing cylinders, lower wing top-pressing cylinders 4 and upper wing top-pressing cylinders 13 have a stepped structure composed of a horizontal plane and two vertical planes. The stepped structure is used to support the type B steel. The width of the horizontal plane of the positioning support structure used to support the middle part of the type B steel is equal to the width of the web of the type B steel. The width of the horizontal plane of the positioning support structure used to support the two ends of the type B steel is greater than the width of the web of the type B steel.

[0006] The width of the web of the B-type steel is L. Stiffening plates with a width of H need to be embedded in the web at both ends of the B-type steel. The positioning support structure is divided into three types: the knife handle position positioning support structure 9, the knife handle transition position positioning support structure 8, and the intermediate position positioning support structure 7. Among them, the horizontal width of the stepped structure of the knife handle position positioning support structure 9 is equal to L+H. The horizontal width of the stepped structure of the knife handle transition position positioning support structure 8 transitions from L+H to L. The horizontal width of the stepped structure of the intermediate position positioning support structure 7 is L. The outer sides of the three positioning support structures are flush.

[0007] The installation height of the lower wing surface top pressure cylinder 4 is lower than that of the upper wing surface top pressure cylinder 13.

[0008] Both the lower wing surface pressing cylinder 4 and the upper wing surface pressing cylinder 13 are fixed on the platform 1 by the cylinder support 3 and the clamping part 5.

[0009] A row of lower wing surface pressing cylinders 4 are arranged, and a lower wing surface pressing cylinder 4 is arranged at the position of the positioning support structure 8 with a width equal to L, which is directly opposite the tool holder transition position. The upper wing surface pressing cylinder 13 is arranged outside the lower wing surface pressing cylinder 4 of the positioning support structure 8 directly opposite the tool holder transition position.

[0010] A method for processing B-shaped steel for the middle beam of a funnel car, characterized by comprising:

[0011] Step 1: Cut lines from the outside to the inside along the web of the B-shaped steel.

[0012] Step 2: Open the web along the cutting lines, insert the reinforcing plate and press it firmly;

[0013] Step 3: Weld the stiffening plate and the web plate together.

[0014] In step one: cut lines near the lower flange of the B-shaped steel to form a semi-through gap on the web.

[0015] Step two of the above-described fixture is performed as follows: First, the B-shaped steel is placed on the tool handle position positioning support structure 9, the tool handle transition position positioning support structure 8, and the middle position positioning support structure 7. The lower wing surface of the B-shaped steel is in contact with the lower vertical surface of the stepped structure of the tool handle position positioning support structure 9. Then, the upper wing surface pressing cylinder 13 and the middle position lower wing surface pressing cylinder 4 are activated. Finally, the stiffening plate is placed into the opened notch and the outer lower wing surface pressing cylinder 4 is activated to press it tight.

[0016] In step three: first, spot weld the stiffening plate onto the jig, then remove the B-shaped steel from the jig and proceed with the subsequent welding.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0018] By embedding a plate on both sides of the B-shaped steel to form a handle structure, the strength and rigidity of the central structure of the B-shaped steel are not changed. The stress on both sides is small, and even if the strength and rigidity after welding are poor, it will not affect the use. This solves the technical problem that needs to be solved in the press-fitting process of the B-shaped steel handle beam: the forming process of the handle of the single beam of the handle-shaped beam composed of B-shaped steel is simple and meets the process technology requirements of the product.

[0019] The cold bending method does not damage the metallographic structure of the beam and only requires two people to operate, which can greatly improve the welding efficiency of single-piece knife handle beams and ensure the welding quality of the knife handle beams. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the knife handle beam.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the B-type steel press-fitting and welding jig (this is a half-size diagram, because the platform is too long, and the actual half of the structure is not shown in the diagram).

[0022] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Side view.

[0023] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A-direction view.

[0024] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 View B.

[0025] Figure 6 yes Figure 2 The C-direction view. Detailed Implementation

[0026] Example 1:

[0027] like Figure 1 A stiffening plate needs to be embedded in the web at both ends of the B-shaped steel to increase the width of the web at both ends.

[0028] Figure 2This is a top view of the B-type steel press-fit welding jig. The overall structure includes a platform 1 and a gantry 11. The platform 1 is located in the middle of the upper surface of the bottom support structure. There are gantry tracks on both sides of the bottom support structure. Vertically downward pressing cylinders are installed on the gantry 11. Multiple lower wing pressing cylinders 4 and upper wing pressing cylinders 13 are installed on one side of the platform 1 to support the B-type steel. A row of positioning support structures is installed on the other side of the platform 1. The positioning support structures of the pressing cylinders, lower wing pressing cylinders 4 and upper wing pressing cylinders 13 have an L-shaped step structure composed of a horizontal plane and two vertical planes. The step structure is used to support the B-type steel. The horizontal plane width of the positioning support structure used to support the middle part of the B-type steel is equal to the width of the web of the B-type steel. The horizontal plane width of the positioning support structure used to support the two ends of the B-type steel is greater than the width of the web of the B-type steel. This design is to allow the cutting seams on the B-type steel to be opened.

[0029] The width of the web of the B-type steel is L. Stiffening plates with a width of H need to be embedded in the web at both ends of the B-type steel. The positioning support structure is divided into three types: the knife handle position positioning support structure 9, the knife handle transition position positioning support structure 8, and the intermediate position positioning support structure 7. Among them, the horizontal width of the stepped structure of the knife handle position positioning support structure 9 is equal to L+H. The horizontal width of the stepped structure of the knife handle transition position positioning support structure 8 transitions from L+H to L. The horizontal width of the stepped structure of the intermediate position positioning support structure 7 is L. The outer sides of the three positioning support structures are flush.

[0030] The installation height of the lower wing surface top pressure cylinder 4 is lower than that of the upper wing surface top pressure cylinder 13, and the front end of the cylinder is lower.

[0031] Both the lower wing surface pressing cylinder 4 and the upper wing surface pressing cylinder 13 are fixed on the platform 1 by the cylinder support 3 and the clamping part 5.

[0032] A row of lower wing-face pressing cylinders 4 is arranged, with one lower wing-face pressing cylinder 4 positioned at a location where the width of the positioning support structure 8 is equal to L, directly opposite the tool holder transition position. Upper wing-face pressing cylinders 13 are arranged outside the lower wing-face pressing cylinders 4 on the outside of the positioning support structure 8, directly opposite the tool holder transition position. Figure 2 As can be seen, from left to right, there are lower wing surface pressing cylinder 4, upper wing surface pressing cylinder 13, lower wing surface pressing cylinder 4, lower wing surface pressing cylinder 4, lower wing surface pressing cylinder 4 and lower wing surface pressing cylinder 4, each lower wing surface pressing cylinder 4 is directly opposite a positioning support structure.

[0033] A method for processing B-shaped steel for the middle beam of a funnel car, characterized by comprising:

[0034] Step 1: Cut lines from the outside to the inside along the web of the B-shaped steel.

[0035] Step 2: Open the web along the cutting lines, insert the reinforcing plate and press it firmly;

[0036] Step 3: Weld the stiffening plate and the web plate together.

[0037] In step one: cut lines near the lower flange of the B-shaped steel to form a semi-through gap on the web. A wedge-shaped notch needs to be machined at the inner end of the gap.

[0038] Step two is performed using the aforementioned fixture: First, the B-shaped steel is placed on the tool handle position positioning support structure 9, the tool handle transition position positioning support structure 8, and the intermediate position positioning support structure 7. The lower flange of the B-shaped steel is in contact with the lower vertical surface of the stepped structure of the tool handle position positioning support structure 9. There is a gap of H between the lower vertical surface of the stepped structure of the intermediate position positioning support structure 7 and the lower flange of the B-shaped steel. Then, the upper flange pressing cylinder 13 and the lower flange pressing cylinder 4 in the intermediate position are activated. Under the action of the thrust of the cylinder and the reaction force of the positioning support structure, the web is opened. Finally, the stiffening plate is placed into the opened notch and the outer lower flange pressing cylinder 4 is activated to press it tight. The hydraulic cylinders are started in a specific order. First, the lower wing surface pressing hydraulic cylinder 4 and the upper wing surface pressing hydraulic cylinder 13 inside the tool handle transition position positioning support structure 8 are started. There is a lower wing surface pressing hydraulic cylinder 4 on each side of the upper wing surface pressing hydraulic cylinder 13. At this time, they are not started. After the stiffening plate is put in, the lower wing surface pressing hydraulic cylinder 4 inside the upper wing surface pressing hydraulic cylinder 13 is started. After it is pushed to the predetermined position, the outermost lower wing surface pressing hydraulic cylinder 4 is started.

[0039] In step three: first, the stiffening plate is spot-welded onto the jig; then the B-shaped steel is removed from the jig and further welding is performed to form a weld; finally, the two B-shaped steels are assembled and welded into a central beam.

Claims

1. A type B steel press-fitting and welding jig for the middle beam of a funnel car, comprising a platform (1) and a gantry (11), characterized in that: A top-pressure cylinder is installed on the gantry (11). Multiple lower wing top-pressure cylinders (4) and upper wing top-pressure cylinders (13) are installed on one side of the platform (1). A row of positioning support structures is installed on the other side of the platform (1). The top-pressure cylinders, lower wing top-pressure cylinders (4), and upper wing top-pressure cylinders (13) are directly opposite the positioning support structures. The positioning support structures have a step structure consisting of a horizontal plane and two vertical planes. The step structure is used to support the B-type steel. The width of the horizontal plane of the positioning support structure used to support the middle part of the B-type steel is equal to the width of the web of the B-type steel. The width of the horizontal plane of the positioning support structure used to support the two ends of the B-type steel is greater than the width of the web of the B-type steel. The width of the plate is L. A stiffening plate with a width of H needs to be embedded in the web plate at both ends of the B-shaped steel. The positioning support structure is divided into three types: the tool handle position positioning support structure (9), the tool handle transition position positioning support structure (8), and the intermediate position positioning support structure (7). The horizontal width of the step structure of the tool handle position positioning support structure (9) is equal to L+H. The horizontal width of the step structure of the tool handle transition position positioning support structure (8) transitions from L+H to L. The horizontal width of the step structure of the intermediate position positioning support structure (7) is L. The outer sides of the three positioning support structures are flush. The installation height of the lower wing surface top pressure cylinder (4) is lower than that of the upper wing surface top pressure cylinder (13). Processing method for type B steel: Step 1: Cut lines from the outside to the inside along the web of the B-shaped steel. Cut lines near the lower flange of the B-shaped steel to form a semi-through gap on the web. Step 2: First, place the B-type steel on the tool handle position positioning support structure (9), the tool handle transition position positioning support structure (8), and the middle position positioning support structure (7). The lower wing surface of the B-type steel is attached to the lower vertical surface of the step structure of the tool handle position positioning support structure (9). Then, start the upper wing surface pressing cylinder (13) and the lower wing surface pressing cylinder (4) in the middle position. Finally, put the stiffening plate into the open notch and start the outer lower wing surface pressing cylinder (4) to press it. Step 3: Weld the stiffening plate and the web plate together.

2. The B-type steel press-fitting and welding jig for the middle beam of the funnel car according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower wing surface pressing cylinder (4) and the upper wing surface pressing cylinder (13) are both fixed on the platform (1) by the cylinder support (3) and the clamping part (5).

3. The B-type steel press-fitting and welding jig for the middle beam of the funnel car according to claim 1, characterized in that: A row of lower wing surface top pressure cylinders (4) are arranged, and a lower wing surface top pressure cylinder (4) is arranged at a position where the width of the positioning support structure (8) directly opposite the tool handle transition position is equal to L; the upper wing surface top pressure cylinder (13) is arranged outside the lower wing surface top pressure cylinder (4) of the positioning support structure (8) directly opposite the tool handle transition position.

4. The B-type steel press-fitting and welding jig for the middle beam of the funnel car according to claim 1, characterized in that... In step three: first, spot weld the stiffening plate onto the jig, then remove the B-shaped steel from the jig and proceed with the subsequent welding.

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