An axial impactor

Abstract

The application provides an axial impactor, which comprises an upper joint, a driving turbine rotatably connected to the upper joint, a driven cam in driving connection with the driving turbine, the driving turbine being used to drive the driven cam to rotate, an impact hammer connected to the driven cam through a transmission mechanism, the driven cam being able to drive the impact hammer to make up-and-down reciprocating movement in the vertical direction through the transmission mechanism when the driven cam rotates, and a lower joint, the upper end of the lower joint being connected to the upper joint, the driving turbine, the driven cam and the impact hammer being located inside the lower joint. The axial impactor solves the problems of complex structure, poor stability and short service life of the axial impact tool in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drilling speed-up devices for deep wells in hard formations, and in particular to an axial impactor. Background Technology

[0002] With shallow oil and gas resources becoming increasingly depleted, oil and gas exploration and development are shifting towards deep and ultra-deep wells. However, deep strata are geologically ancient, and the rocks become increasingly hard with depth, leading to reduced drilling efficiency, shorter drill bit life, longer drilling cycles, and higher drilling costs. To improve the rate of drilling (ROD) and reduce drilling costs, axial impactors are generally used to assist in rock breaking. This involves using a high-frequency hammer to drive the drill string into the rock, thereby increasing drilling efficiency.

[0003] Currently, axial impact tools have complex structures and low service life. For example, the Chinese invention patent for a reciprocating hydraulic impactor with publication number CN103291214A has a complex structure, and the combination of turbine and spring used in its impact principle is similar to that of common impact tools of the same type. In addition, the spring cannot maintain continuous stability in terms of accuracy and is also a vulnerable part. As a result, the impact strength stability and service life of such impact tools are poor. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of this invention is to provide an axial impactor to solve the problems of complex structure, poor stability and short service life of existing axial impact tools.

[0005] To achieve the above and other related objectives, the present invention provides an axial impactor, comprising an upper connector; an active turbine rotatably connected to the upper connector; a driven cam drivenly connected to the active turbine, the active turbine driving the driven cam to rotate; an impact hammer connected to the driven cam via a transmission mechanism, the driven cam rotating to drive the impact hammer to reciprocate vertically via the transmission mechanism; and a lower connecting cylinder, the upper end of which is connected to the upper connector, the active turbine, the driven cam, and the impact hammer all located inside the lower connecting cylinder.

[0006] Preferably, the driven cam has a spline groove inside its top end, and the driving turbine has a spline at its lower end, with the spline engaging with the spline groove.

[0007] Preferably, the driven cam is cylindrical, and the transmission mechanism includes a wave-shaped guide rail groove disposed on the circumferential surface of the driven cam, and a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod disposed on the left and right sides of the impact hammer, respectively. The wave-shaped guide rail groove is embedded with two driven pulleys, and the two driven pulleys are respectively located on the left and right sides of the driven cam. The two driven pulleys are respectively provided with a first connecting screw and a second connecting screw. The first connecting screw is connected to the first connecting rod, and the second connecting screw is connected to the second connecting rod.

[0008] Preferably, the upper connector has a cross-shaped bracket inside, the cross-shaped bracket has a positioning hole in the middle, a positioning shaft passes through the positioning hole, and the top of the positioning shaft has a positioning boss. The positioning boss is located on the top surface of the cross-shaped bracket, and the active turbine is rotatably mounted on the positioning shaft.

[0009] Preferably, the positioning boss is tapered.

[0010] Preferably, the active turbine is rotatably mounted on the positioning shaft via a bearing.

[0011] Preferably, the lower connecting cylinder is further provided with a limiting flow plate and a sealing inner cylinder. The limiting flow plate includes a central flow-limiting disc and an outer annular plate. The central flow-limiting disc is connected to the outer annular plate through multiple connecting ribs. The gap between the central flow-limiting disc and the outer annular plate forms an annular flow groove. The central flow-limiting disc is rotatably mounted on the active turbine, and the diameter of the central flow-limiting disc is larger than the diameter of the driven cam. The outer annular plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the lower connecting cylinder. The top end of the sealing inner cylinder is connected to the bottom end of the central flow-limiting disc, and the bottom end of the sealing inner cylinder is connected to the bottom plate of the lower connecting cylinder. A closed space is formed between the sealing inner cylinder, the central flow-limiting disc, and the bottom plate of the lower connecting cylinder. The driven cam and the impact hammer are both located within the closed space.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom of the central flow-limiting disc is provided with a first embedding groove, the inner wall of the bottom plate of the lower connecting cylinder is provided with a second embedding groove, the top end of the sealing inner cylinder is embedded in the first embedding groove, and the bottom end of the sealing inner cylinder is embedded in the second embedding groove.

[0013] Preferably, the first embedding groove is further provided with a first internal thread, and the top end of the sealing inner cylinder is provided with a first external thread, the first external thread cooperating with the first internal thread; the second embedding groove is further provided with a second internal thread, and the bottom end of the sealing inner cylinder is provided with a second external thread, the second external thread cooperating with the second internal thread.

[0014] Preferably, the inner wall of the bottom plate of the lower connecting cylinder is also provided with an arc-shaped groove that matches the hammer head of the impact hammer.

[0015] As described above, the axial impactor of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: During use, drilling fluid enters the impactor from the upper part of the upper connector, causing the fluid to impact and rotate the active turbine. This active turbine then drives the driven cam to rotate. The driven cam, through a transmission mechanism, drives the impact hammer to reciprocate vertically, providing periodic axial impact force to assist the drill bit in breaking rock. Compared with the prior art, the axial impactor of the present invention has a simple structure. The cooperation between the driven cam and the transmission mechanism drives the impact hammer to perform periodic reciprocating motion, reducing the use of vulnerable springs and thus enabling continuous and stable axial impact, resulting in a longer service life. Furthermore, due to its simple structure and fewer internal parts, the drilling fluid flows smoothly within the impactor, resulting in high fluid energy utilization. Additionally, the impactor of the present invention has no electronic components or vulnerable parts, greatly reducing the number of tripping operations and thus improving drilling efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the axial impactor provided by the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 The image shown is an exploded view of the axial impactor provided by this invention.

[0018] Figure 3 The image shown is a front view of the active turbine provided by this invention.

[0019] Figure 4 The image shown is a front view of the driven cam provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 The image shown is a top view of the lower connecting tube provided by this invention.

[0021] Figure 6 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the limiting flow plate provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 The image shown is an internal perspective view of the lower cylinder of the axial impactor provided by this invention.

[0023] Figure 8 The image shown is a perspective view of the axial impactor provided by this invention.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0025] 10 Upper connector 11 Lower connector

[0026] 101 Cross-shaped bracket 1011 Positioning hole

[0027] 102 Positioning axis; 1021 Positioning boss

[0028] 111 Base plate 1110 Second embedded groove

[0029] 1111 Arc-shaped groove 1112 Connecting rib

[0030] 20 Active Turbo 21 Spline

[0031] 30 Driven cam 31 Spline groove

[0032] 32 Wave-shaped guide rail groove 331 First connecting screw

[0033] 332 Second connecting screw 40 Impact hammer

[0034] 41 First connecting rod 42 Second connecting rod

[0035] 12 Limiting flow plate 121 Central flow limiting disk

[0036] 122 External annular plate 1211 Annular flow channel

[0037] 1210 Connecting rib plate 1212 First embedded groove

[0038] 13 Sealed inner cylinder 130 Enclosed space Detailed Implementation

[0039] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0040] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or a connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0041] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., used to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0042] Please see Figures 1 to 8 It should be noted that the illustrations provided in this embodiment are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings only show the components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components in the actual implementation. In the actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0043] This invention provides an axial impactor, specifically as follows: Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the axial impactor includes an upper connector 10, a drive turbine 20, a driven cam 30, an impact hammer 40, and a lower connecting cylinder 11. The drive turbine 20 is rotatably connected to the upper connector 10, and the driven cam 30 is driven by the drive turbine 20, i.e., the drive turbine 20 is used to drive the driven cam 30 to rotate. The impact hammer 40 is connected to the driven cam 30 through a transmission mechanism. When the driven cam 30 rotates, the transmission mechanism can drive the impact hammer 40 to reciprocate up and down in the vertical direction. The upper end of the lower connecting cylinder 11 is connected to the upper connector 10, and the drive turbine 20, the driven cam 30, and the impact hammer 40 are all located inside the lower connecting cylinder 11.

[0044] In use, the axial impactor of this invention has its lower connecting sleeve 11 directly connected to the drill bit. Drilling fluid enters the impactor from the upper part of the upper connector 10, causing the fluid to impact and rotate the active turbine 20. This active turbine 20 then drives the driven cam 30 to rotate. The driven cam 30, through a transmission mechanism, drives the impact hammer 40 to reciprocate vertically. This reciprocating motion of the impact hammer 40 provides periodic axial impact force to assist the drill bit in breaking rock. Compared with existing technologies, the axial impactor of this invention has a simple structure. The cooperation between the driven cam and the transmission mechanism drives the impact hammer to perform periodic reciprocating motion, reducing the use of vulnerable springs and thus enabling continuous and stable axial impact, resulting in a longer service life. Furthermore, due to its simple structure and fewer internal parts, the drilling fluid flows smoothly within the impactor, leading to high fluid energy utilization. Additionally, the impactor of this invention has no electronic components or vulnerable parts, greatly reducing the number of tripping operations and improving drilling efficiency.

[0045] Preferably, in this embodiment, the driving turbine 20 and the driven cam 30 are connected by a spline for transmission, specifically as follows: Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the driven cam 30 has a spline groove 31 inside its top end, and the driving turbine 20 has a spline 21 at its lower end. The spline 21 on the driving turbine 20 engages with the spline groove 31 on the driven cam 30. This spline-driven transmission ensures transmission stability, thereby guaranteeing the stability of the reciprocating motion of the impact hammer 40. It provides a more stable periodic impact motion, thus naturally reducing the probability of impactor failure.

[0046] Furthermore, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the driven cam 30 is cylindrical, and the transmission mechanism includes a wave-shaped guide rail groove 32 disposed on the circumferential surface of the driven cam 30, and a first connecting rod 41 and a second connecting rod 42 respectively disposed on the left and right sides of the impact hammer 40. Specifically, the first connecting rod 41 is disposed on the left side of the impact hammer 40, and the second connecting rod 42 is disposed on the right side of the impact hammer 40. In particular, two driven pulleys (not shown in the figure) are also embedded in the wave-shaped guide rail groove 32. The two driven pulleys are respectively located on the left and right sides of the driven cam 30, that is, the positions of the two driven pulleys correspond to the positions of the first connecting rod 41 and the second connecting rod 42 on the impact hammer 40. A first connecting screw 331 and a second connecting screw 332 are respectively disposed on the two driven pulleys. The first connecting screw 331 is connected to the first connecting rod 41 on the impact hammer 40, and the second connecting screw 332 is connected to the second connecting rod 42 on the impact hammer 40.

[0047] During operation, when the driven cam 30 is driven by the active turbine 20 to rotate relative to the impact hammer 40, it causes the driven pulley to slide up and down relative to the driven cam 30 within the wave-shaped guide rail groove 32 on the circumferential surface of the driven cam 30, thereby generating vertical linear motion. This vertical linear motion of the driven pulley drives the impact hammer 40 to perform the same vertical linear motion through the first connecting rod 41 and the second connecting rod 42, thus realizing the axial reciprocating impact motion of the impact hammer 40 to provide impact force to the drill bit installed at the bottom of the lower casing 11 to assist in rock breaking. Through this structural design, the wave-shaped guide rail groove 32 on the circumferential surface of the cylindrical driven cam 30 and the driven pulley embedded in the wave-shaped guide rail groove 32 form a cam-type transmission mechanism, which converts the rotational motion of the driven cam 30 into the reciprocating linear motion of the driven pulley, thereby driving the impact hammer 40 to achieve periodic axial impact motion through the driven pulley. This structure has a high load-bearing capacity, making the impactor more stable during operation and significantly extending its service life. Furthermore, the cam-type transmission is more precise than other transmissions, which can greatly reduce mechanical losses and achieve stable and efficient high-frequency impact.

[0048] Specifically, in actual operation, the height difference between the lowest and highest points of the wave-shaped guide rail groove 32 on the circumferential surface of the driven cam 30 can be changed according to drilling needs to change the impact frequency of the impactor. It has a wide range of applications, is highly flexible, and has low requirements for drilling pressure.

[0049] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the upper connector 10 has a cross-shaped bracket 101 inside. The middle part of the cross-shaped bracket 101 has a positioning hole 1011. A positioning shaft 102 passes through the positioning hole 1011. The top end of the positioning shaft 102 has a positioning boss 1021. The positioning boss 1021 is located on the top surface of the cross-shaped bracket 101, that is, the diameter of the positioning boss 1021 is larger than the diameter of the positioning hole 1011. The bottom surface of the positioning boss 1021 abuts against the top surface of the cross-shaped bracket 101. The active turbine 20 is rotatably mounted on the positioning shaft 102. That is, in this embodiment, the active turbine 20 is rotatably connected to the upper connector 10 through the positioning shaft 102. This structural design is simple, and by setting a cross-shaped bracket inside the upper connector 10, when drilling fluid is injected into the impactor from the top of the upper connector 10, the cross-shaped bracket 101 can better disperse the drilling fluid, allowing the drilling fluid to impact the active turbine 20 evenly in a ring-shaped pattern. Specifically, in this embodiment, the active turbine 20 is rotatably mounted on the positioning shaft 102 via bearings.

[0050] Furthermore, in order to enable the drilling fluid to spread more evenly in a ring shape, preferably, such as Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, the positioning boss 1021 at the top of the positioning shaft 102 is tapered. Specifically, the tapered positioning boss 1021 is threadedly connected to the fixed end of the positioning shaft 102.

[0051] Furthermore, when filling the interior of the impactor (the flow channel space formed by the upper connector and the lower cylinder) with drilling fluid, to avoid the downward-flowing drilling fluid affecting the reciprocating impact hammer 40, preferably, as follows: Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, in this embodiment, a limiting flow plate 12 and a sealed inner cylinder 13 are also provided inside the lower receiving cylinder 11. The limiting flow plate 12 includes a central flow-limiting disc 121 and an outer annular plate 122. Specifically, the central flow-limiting disc 121 is connected to the outer annular plate 122 through multiple connecting ribs 1210, as shown in the figure. Figure 6 As shown, four radially protruding connecting ribs 1210 are evenly spaced on the outer circumferential surface of the central flow-limiting disk 121. The outer annular plate 122 is connected to the four connecting ribs 1210, thereby forming an annular flow groove 1211 between the central flow-limiting disk 121 and the outer annular plate 122. Specifically, the central flow-limiting disk 121 is rotatably mounted on the active turbine 20, and the outer annular plate 122 is fixed to the inner wall of the lower connecting cylinder 11. The connection is made such that the diameter of the central flow-limiting disk 121 is larger than the diameter of the driven cam 30; the top of the sealing inner cylinder 13 is connected to the bottom of the central flow-limiting disk 121, and the bottom of the sealing inner cylinder 13 is connected to the bottom plate 111 of the lower connecting cylinder 11, thereby forming a closed space 130 between the sealing inner cylinder 13, the central flow-limiting disk 121 and the bottom plate 111 of the lower connecting cylinder 11, and the driven cam 30 and the impact hammer 40 are both located in the closed space 130.

[0052] During operation, the limiting flow plate 12 is provided inside the lower connecting cylinder 11. The diameter of the central flow limiting disc 121 on the limiting flow plate 12 is larger than the diameter of the driven cam 30. As a result, the drilling fluid flowing down from the upper connector 10 is blocked by the central flow limiting disc 121 and flows downward through the annular flow channel 1211 formed between the central flow limiting disc 121 and the outer annular plate 122. Furthermore, a sealed inner cylinder 13 is provided below the central flow limiting disc 121. The sealed inner cylinder 13 surrounds the driven cam 30 and the impact hammer 40 in the closed space 130, thereby avoiding the impact of the drilling fluid on the driven cam and the impact hammer, making the impact operation of the impactor more stable.

[0053] Furthermore, such as Figures 5 to 8As shown, in this embodiment, a first embedding groove 1212 is provided at the bottom of the central flow-limiting disc 121, and a second embedding groove 1110 is provided on the inner wall of the bottom plate 111 of the lower connecting cylinder 11. The top end of the sealing inner cylinder 13 is embedded in the first embedding groove 1212 of the central flow-limiting disc 121, and the bottom end of the sealing inner cylinder 13 is embedded in the second embedding groove 1110 of the bottom plate 111 of the lower connecting cylinder 11. The connection by embedding is convenient for assembly and disassembly and can also improve the sealing performance of the enclosed space 130.

[0054] Preferably, in order to further improve the sealing performance of the enclosed space 130, in this embodiment, a first internal thread is provided inside the first embedded groove 1212, and a first external thread is provided at the top of the sealing inner cylinder 13. The first external thread cooperates with the first internal thread, that is, while the top of the sealing inner cylinder 13 is embedded in the first embedded groove 1212, the top of the sealing inner cylinder 13 is also threadedly connected to the first embedded groove, further improving the sealing performance at the connection. Similarly, a second internal thread is provided inside the second embedded groove 1110, and a second external thread is provided at the bottom of the sealing inner cylinder 13. The second external thread cooperates with the second internal thread, further improving the sealing performance at the bottom connection of the sealing inner cylinder 13.

[0055] Furthermore, in order to concentrate the impact force provided by the impact hammer 40, preferably, such as Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, in this embodiment, an arc-shaped groove 1111 adapted to the hammer head of the impact hammer 40 is also provided on the inner wall of the bottom plate 111 of the lower connecting cylinder 11.

[0056] Specifically, it should be noted that, for example Figure 5 As shown, the bottom of the lower connecting tube 11 is an open structure, that is, the diameter of the bottom plate 111 of the lower connecting tube 11 is smaller than the diameter of the lower connecting tube 11. The bottom plate 111 is connected to the inner wall of the lower connecting tube 11 by a plurality of radially extending connecting ribs 1112, thereby forming a flow channel between the bottom plate 111 and the inner wall of the lower connecting tube 11. The drilling fluid injected into the impactor from the upper connector 10 will eventually flow out from the bottom of the lower connecting tube 11.

[0057] In summary, the axial impactor of this invention is suitable for ultra-low pressure fluid-driven applications, reducing the use of vulnerable springs and thus enabling continuous and stable axial impact, resulting in a longer service life. Furthermore, due to its simple structure and fewer internal parts, the drilling fluid flows smoothly within the impactor, leading to high fluid energy utilization. The impactor also lacks electronic components and vulnerable parts, significantly reducing the number of tripping operations and thereby improving drilling efficiency. Therefore, this invention effectively overcomes the various shortcomings of existing technologies and possesses high industrial applicability.

[0058] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An axial impactor, characterized in that, include: Top connector; An active turbine, which is rotatably connected to the upper connector; A driven cam is connected to the driving turbine, and the driving turbine is used to drive the driven cam to rotate; An impact hammer is connected to a driven cam via a transmission mechanism. When the driven cam rotates, the transmission mechanism drives the impact hammer to reciprocate vertically. The lower connecting cylinder has its upper end connected to the upper connector, and the driving turbine, the driven cam, and the impact hammer are all located inside the lower connecting cylinder. The driven cam is cylindrical, and the transmission mechanism includes a wave-shaped guide rail groove disposed on the circumferential surface of the driven cam, and a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod disposed on the left and right sides of the impact hammer, respectively. The wave-shaped guide rail groove is embedded with two driven pulleys, and the two driven pulleys are respectively located on the left and right sides of the driven cam. The two driven pulleys are respectively provided with a first connecting screw and a second connecting screw. The first connecting screw is connected to the first connecting rod, and the second connecting screw is connected to the second connecting rod. The upper connector has a cross-shaped bracket inside, a positioning hole in the middle of the cross-shaped bracket, a positioning shaft passing through the positioning hole, and a positioning boss at the top of the positioning shaft. The positioning boss is located on the top surface of the cross-shaped bracket, and the active turbine is rotatably mounted on the positioning shaft. The lower connecting cylinder is further provided with a limiting flow plate and a sealing inner cylinder. The limiting flow plate includes a central flow-limiting disc and an outer annular plate. The central flow-limiting disc is connected to the outer annular plate through multiple connecting ribs. The gap between the central flow-limiting disc and the outer annular plate forms an annular flow groove. The central flow-limiting disc is rotatably mounted on the active turbine, and the diameter of the central flow-limiting disc is larger than the diameter of the driven cam. The outer annular plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the lower connecting cylinder. The top end of the sealing inner cylinder is connected to the bottom end of the central flow-limiting disc, and the bottom end of the sealing inner cylinder is connected to the bottom plate of the lower connecting cylinder. A closed space is formed between the sealing inner cylinder, the central flow-limiting disc, and the bottom plate of the lower connecting cylinder. The driven cam and the impact hammer are both located within the closed space. The bottom of the central flow-limiting disc is provided with a first embedding groove, and the inner wall of the bottom plate of the lower connecting cylinder is provided with a second embedding groove. The top end of the sealing inner cylinder is embedded in the first embedding groove, and the bottom end of the sealing inner cylinder is embedded in the second embedding groove. The first embedding groove is further provided with a first internal thread, and the top end of the sealing inner cylinder is provided with a first external thread, the first external thread engaging with the first internal thread; the second embedding groove is further provided with a second internal thread, and the bottom end of the sealing inner cylinder is provided with a second external thread, the second external thread engaging with the second internal thread; The bottom plate of the lower cylinder is also provided with an arc-shaped groove that matches the hammer head of the impact hammer.

2. An axial impactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driven cam has a spline groove inside its top end, and the driving turbine has a spline at its lower end, with the spline engaging with the spline groove.

3. An axial impactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning boss is conical.

4. An axial impactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The active turbine is rotatably mounted on the positioning shaft via bearings.

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