Heat exchanger, engine and aircraft

Abstract

The application relates to a heat exchanger, an engine and an aircraft, comprising a liquid collecting cavity, a balance cavity and a heat exchange unit, wherein the heat exchange unit comprises a heat exchanger outer cavity and a heat exchanger inner cavity, the heat exchanger outer cavity is arranged around the heat exchanger inner cavity, a first partition plate is arranged in the heat exchanger outer cavity, a piston is slidably connected in the heat exchanger outer cavity, the piston and the first partition plate divide the heat exchanger outer cavity into a first cavity and a second cavity, the heat exchanger inner cavity and the first cavity are communicated with the liquid collecting cavity, and the second cavity is communicated with the balance cavity. In the heat exchanger, the piston is directly integrated in the heat exchanger instead of being independent of the heat exchanger, not only the isolation between the working medium and the air extraction equipment is realized through the piston, but also the external structure of the whole heat exchanger equipment is simplified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of heat dissipation technology, and in particular to a heat exchanger, engine, and aircraft. Background Technology

[0002] Heat exchangers are devices that exchange heat between hot and cold fluids, and are currently widely used in various industrial fields, including air conditioning heat exchange, electronic component heat dissipation, and aircraft engine heat dissipation. Among them, heat pipes, which transfer heat through the evaporation and condensation of the working fluid, are one of the main types of heat exchangers. The utilization of the latent heat of phase change of the working fluid gives heat pipes extremely high heat exchange efficiency. Currently, the heat exchange start-up temperature of heat pipes is set by adding a specific working fluid and setting a preset pressure. With the development of heat exchange technology, it is possible to change the heat exchange start-up temperature of the heat pipe by changing the preset pressure, thereby controlling the outlet temperature of the heat exchanger.

[0003] Currently, changing the preset pressure of a heat pipe requires evacuation or charging. To prevent the vaporized working fluid from being removed during evacuation, a piston is needed to isolate the working fluid from the evacuation equipment. The current evacuation equipment is separate from the heat pipe heat exchanger, resulting in a complex and cumbersome external structure. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a heat exchanger that can both isolate the working fluid from the evacuation equipment and simplify the external structure of the heat exchanger. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a heat exchanger, engine, and helicopter that can simplify the external structure of the heat exchanger while achieving the isolation function between the working fluid and the extraction equipment.

[0005] On one hand, the present invention provides a heat exchanger, including a liquid collecting chamber, a balancing chamber, and a heat exchange unit. The heat exchange unit includes an outer cavity and an inner cavity. The outer cavity surrounds the inner cavity. A first partition is disposed within the outer cavity, and a piston is slidably connected thereto. The piston and the first partition divide the outer cavity into a first chamber and a second chamber. The inner cavity and the first chamber are connected to the liquid collecting chamber, and the second chamber is connected to the balancing chamber.

[0006] In one embodiment of the present invention, a heat exchanger housing is further included, a heat exchange cavity is formed inside the heat exchanger housing, and a second partition is provided inside the heat exchanger housing, the second partition dividing the heat exchange cavity into the heat exchanger inner cavity and the heat exchanger outer cavity.

[0007] In one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of first partitions are provided in the outer cavity of the heat exchanger, at least one piston is provided between two adjacent first partitions, a first sub-cavity is formed between two adjacent first partitions, and the piston in the first sub-cavity divides the first sub-cavity into a plurality of second sub-cavities. The second sub-cavity connected to the balance cavity is the second chamber, and the second sub-cavity connected to the liquid collection cavity is the first chamber.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, a heat exchange tube is provided in the liquid collection chamber, and a working fluid is filled between the liquid collection chamber and the heat exchange tube. One end of the heat exchange tube is connected to the inlet of the fluid to be cooled, and the other end of the heat exchange tube is connected to the outlet of the fluid to be cooled.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, a gas collecting section is provided on the heat exchanger shell, one end of the gas collecting section is connected to the inner cavity of the heat exchanger, and the other end of the gas collecting section is connected to the heat exchange tube through a condenser tube.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, a pressure regulating interface is provided on the heat exchanger shell, one end of the pressure regulating interface is connected to the balance chamber, and the other end of the pressure regulating interface is connected to a pressure adjusting device.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the heat exchange unit is provided in multiple layers. The first chamber of the heat exchange unit in the layer closest to the liquid collection chamber is connected to the liquid collection chamber, the second chamber of the heat exchange unit in the layer closest to the balance chamber is connected to the balance chamber, the first chambers of the heat exchange units in adjacent layers are connected, the second chambers of the heat exchange units in adjacent layers are connected, and the inner cavities of the heat exchangers in the heat exchange units in adjacent layers are connected.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the two sides of the first partition are recessed inward to form a first through hole and a second through hole, respectively. The first through hole connects the first chamber between the heat exchange units of the adjacent layers, and the second through hole connects the second chamber between the heat exchange units of the adjacent layers. Only the second through hole is provided on the heat exchange unit of the layer near the balance chamber on the first partition, and only the first through hole is provided on the heat exchange unit of the layer near the liquid collection chamber on the first partition.

[0013] On the other hand, the present invention provides an engine including a lubricating oil system, the lubricating oil system including the heat exchanger described above.

[0014] In another aspect, the present invention provides an aircraft including the aforementioned engine.

[0015] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0016] In the heat exchanger described in this invention, the piston is no longer separate from the heat exchanger but is directly integrated inside the heat exchanger. The outer cavity of the heat exchanger in this application is arranged around the inner cavity of the heat exchanger, and the piston is integrated into the outer cavity of the heat exchanger. The piston and the first partition plate divide the outer cavity of the heat exchanger into a first chamber and a second chamber. By cooperating with the change of the pressure in the balancing chamber, the working pressure in the first chamber and the second chamber can be changed. This not only achieves the isolation between the working fluid and the extraction equipment through the piston, but also simplifies the external structure of the entire heat exchanger device. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger (single-layer heat exchange unit) of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger (multi-layer heat exchange unit) of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat exchanger (multi-layer heat exchange unit) of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a half-sectional structural schematic diagram of the heat exchanger (multi-layer heat exchange unit) of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Sectional view at point BB;

[0023] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 Sectional view at point AA;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a piston distribution diagram when the heat exchanger of the present invention is equipped with multiple pistons;

[0025] Figure 8 yes Figure 5 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle;

[0026] Figure 9 This is a piston distribution diagram of the heat exchanger inner cavity and heat exchanger outer cavity of the heat exchanger of the present invention, which are rectangular.

[0027] Figure 10 This is a half-sectional structural diagram of the heat exchanger (single-layer heat exchange unit) of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 Sectional view at CC;

[0029] Figure 12 This is a piston distribution diagram when the heat exchanger of the present invention is equipped with a single first baffle.

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the instruction manual:

[0031] 1. Heat exchange unit; 2. Heat exchanger outer cavity; 3. Heat exchanger inner cavity; 4. Liquid collection cavity; 5. Balance cavity; 6. First baffle; 7. Piston; 8. First chamber; 9. Second chamber; 10. Heat exchanger shell; 11. Heat exchange cavity; 12. Second baffle; 13. First sub-cavity; 14. Second sub-cavity; 15. Pressure regulating interface; 16. Heat exchange tube; 17. Inlet of fluid to be cooled; 18. Outlet of fluid to be cooled; 19. Gas collection section; 20. Condenser tube; 21. First through hole; 22. Second through hole.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0034] Reference Figures 1-12 As shown, the heat exchanger of the present invention includes a liquid collecting chamber 4, a balancing chamber 5, and a heat exchange unit 1. The heat exchange unit 1 includes an outer cavity 2 and an inner cavity 3. The outer cavity 2 is arranged around the inner cavity 3. A first partition 6 is provided inside the outer cavity 2, and a piston 7 is slidably connected inside the outer cavity 2. The piston 7 and the first partition 6 divide the outer cavity 2 into a first chamber 8 and a second chamber 9. The inner cavity 3 and the first chamber 8 are connected to the liquid collecting chamber 4, and the second chamber 9 is connected to the balancing chamber 5.

[0035] To achieve the function of isolating the working fluid from the extraction equipment while simplifying the external structure of the heat exchanger, this application proposes a heat exchanger that integrates the structure isolating the working fluid from the extraction equipment into the heat exchanger device. This does not significantly increase the weight of the heat exchanger and simplifies the overall external structure. Figure 1As shown, the heat exchanger includes a liquid collecting chamber 4, a balancing chamber 5, and a heat exchange unit 1. The heat exchange unit 1 includes an outer chamber 2 and an inner chamber 3. The outer chamber 2 isolates the working fluid from the extraction equipment. The inner chamber 3 allows the flow of steam generated after the working fluid vaporizes. The liquid collecting chamber 4 stores the working fluid used to dissipate heat from the fluid to be cooled. The balancing chamber 5, in conjunction with a pressure regulating device, regulates the pressure within the entire heat exchanger. Furthermore, the outer chamber 2 surrounds the inner chamber 3, making the heat exchanger structure more compact. The cross-sectional shapes of both the inner and outer chambers can be rectangular, such as... Figure 9 As shown; it can also be circular, in which case the outer cavity 2 of the heat exchanger is an annular cavity, such as Figure 5 As shown; the heat exchanger outer cavity 2 is preferably as follows Figure 5 The annular cavity is shown. A first baffle 6 is provided inside the outer cavity 2 of the heat exchanger, and a piston 7 is slidably connected inside the outer cavity 2. The piston 7 and the first baffle 6 divide the outer cavity 2 of the heat exchanger into two chambers, namely, the first chamber 8 and the second chamber 9. The piston 7 can slide inside the outer cavity 2 of the heat exchanger. When the cross-section of the outer cavity 2 of the heat exchanger is rectangular, the piston 7 moves linearly, as shown. Figure 9 As shown; when the heat exchanger outer cavity 2 is an annular cavity, the piston 7 rotates around the axis of the annular cavity, as... Figure 5 As shown; the sliding piston 7 can change the pressure in the first chamber 8 and the second chamber 9 under the action of the balance chamber 5. Specifically, as... Figure 1 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the first chamber 8 and the heat exchanger inner cavity 3 are both connected to the liquid collection chamber 4, and the second chamber 9 is connected to the balance chamber 5. The steam formed after the working fluid in the liquid collection chamber 4 vaporizes flows to the heat exchanger inner cavity 3. Since the second chamber 9 is connected to the balance chamber 5, when it is necessary to reduce the working pressure in the entire heat exchanger, the pressure in the balance chamber 5 is reduced by a pressure regulating device, for example, by performing a evacuation operation on the balance chamber 5. (Refer to...) Figure 5 As shown, the distribution of the first and second chambers of a single-layer heat exchange unit and a multi-layer heat exchange unit. Figure 1 Consequently, the pressure in the second chamber 9 also decreases, causing the piston 7 to move into the second chamber 9. This results in a decrease in the pressure in the first chamber 8, and due to the presence of the piston 7, the pressures in the first chamber 8 and the second chamber 9 become equal. The pressure in the balance chamber 5 is equal to the pressure in the first chamber 8 and the pressure in the second chamber 9. Furthermore, due to the presence of the piston 7, when performing a pumping operation in the balance chamber 5 to reduce the working pressure, the piston 7 can isolate the vaporized working fluid, preventing it from being drawn away during the pumping operation, effectively isolating the working fluid from the pumping equipment. A complete heat exchange unit 1 includes a heat exchanger inner cavity 3, a heat exchanger outer cavity 2, and a piston 7 and a first partition plate 6 disposed within the heat exchanger outer cavity 2.

[0036] In this application, the piston 7 is no longer separate from the heat exchanger, but is directly integrated inside the heat exchanger. The outer cavity 2 of the heat exchanger is arranged around the inner cavity 3 of the heat exchanger. The piston 7 is integrated into the outer cavity 2 of the heat exchanger. The piston 7 and the first partition 6 divide the outer cavity 2 of the heat exchanger into a first chamber 8 and a second chamber 9. With the change of pressure in the balance chamber 5, the working pressure in the first chamber 8 and the second chamber 9 is changed. This not only achieves the isolation between the working fluid and the extraction equipment through the piston 7, but also simplifies the external structure of the entire heat exchanger equipment.

[0037] In one embodiment, a heat exchanger housing 10 is further included, wherein a heat exchange cavity 11 is formed inside the heat exchanger housing 10, and a second partition 12 is provided inside the heat exchanger housing 10, the second partition 12 dividing the heat exchange cavity 11 into the heat exchanger inner cavity 3 and the heat exchanger outer cavity 2.

[0038] The heat exchanger includes a heat exchanger shell 10, which is hollowed out to form a heat exchange cavity 11. Both the heat exchanger shell 10 and the heat exchange cavity 11 are preferably cylindrical. A second baffle 12 is provided inside the heat exchanger shell 10, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the second partition 12 is annular or rectangular, preferably annular. The annular second partition 12 divides the heat exchange chamber 11 into a cylindrical heat exchanger inner cavity 3 and an annular heat exchanger outer cavity 2. The heat exchanger inner cavity 3 is used for the flow of vaporized working fluid, while the heat exchanger outer cavity 2, in conjunction with the piston 7, isolates the working fluid from the extraction equipment. Figure 5 and Figure 7 The entire annular cavity, indicated by the circular dotted line in the outer cavity 2 of the heat exchanger, is the outer cavity of the heat exchanger.

[0039] In one embodiment, a plurality of first partitions 6 are provided in the outer cavity 2 of the heat exchanger, and at least one piston 7 is provided between two adjacent first partitions 6. A first sub-cavity 13 is formed between two adjacent first partitions 6. The piston 7 in the first sub-cavity 13 divides the first sub-cavity 13 into a plurality of second sub-cavities 14. The second sub-cavity 14 connected to the balance cavity 5 is the second chamber 9, and the second sub-cavity 14 connected to the liquid collection cavity 4 is the first chamber 8.

[0040] One first baffle 6 can be installed inside the outer cavity 2 of the heat exchanger, or multiple first baffles 6 can be installed, such as... Figure 12 The image shows a first partition 6, as shown. Figure 5 and Figure 7 The diagram shows three first partitions 6. At least one piston 7 is disposed between any two adjacent first partitions 6, as shown below. Figure 7The diagram shows two pistons 7 positioned between two adjacent first partitions 6. Preferably, one piston 7 is positioned between two adjacent first partitions 6. A first sub-cavity 13 is formed between two adjacent first partitions 6. The piston 7 between two adjacent first partitions 6 divides the first sub-cavity 13 into multiple second sub-cavities 14. When one piston 7 is positioned between two adjacent first partitions 6, the piston 7 divides the first sub-cavity 13 into two second sub-cavities 14, as shown... Figure 5 As shown; when two pistons 7 are arranged between two adjacent first partitions 6, the pistons 7 divide the first sub-cavity 13 into three second sub-cavities 14, as shown. Figure 7 As shown, and so on. In the second sub-cavity 14 divided between two adjacent first partitions 6 by the piston 7, the second sub-cavity 14 connected to the balance cavity 5 is the first chamber 8, and the second sub-cavity 14 connected to the liquid collection cavity 4 is the second chamber 9. When it is necessary to reduce the working pressure, an air extraction operation is performed on the balance cavity 5, which reduces the pressure in the balance cavity 5, and in turn reduces the pressure in the second chamber 9 connected to the balance cavity 5. This causes the piston 7 to move towards the second chamber 9, thereby reducing the pressure in the first chamber 8. Since the first chamber 8 is connected to the liquid collection cavity 4, the pressure in the liquid collection cavity 4 is ultimately reduced, thus changing the working pressure of the working medium.

[0041] In one embodiment, a heat exchange tube 16 is provided in the liquid collection chamber 4, and a working fluid is filled between the liquid collection chamber 4 and the heat exchange tube 16. One end of the heat exchange tube 16 is connected to the inlet 17 of the fluid to be cooled, and the other end of the heat exchange tube 16 is connected to the outlet 18 of the fluid to be cooled.

[0042] like Figure 1As shown, a heat exchange tube 16 is installed inside the liquid collecting chamber 4. The heat exchange tube 16 is a heat transfer component that dissipates heat from the fluid to be cooled by the working fluid. The space between the liquid collecting chamber 4 and the heat exchange tube 16 is filled with a working fluid. One end of the heat exchange tube 16 is connected to an inlet 17 for the fluid to be cooled, through which the fluid enters the heat exchange tube 16. The other end of the heat exchange tube 16 is connected to an outlet 18 for the fluid to be cooled. After exchanging heat with the working fluid inside the heat exchange tube 16, the fluid flows out of the heat exchange tube 16 from the outlet 18. The specific working process is as follows: The fluid to be cooled is a high-temperature liquid. The high-temperature liquid flows into the heat exchange tube 16 through the inlet 17. The liquid working fluid in the liquid collecting chamber 4 exchanges heat with the high-temperature liquid, causing the working fluid temperature to rise and reach the phase change temperature. The working fluid vaporizes to form steam, carrying away a large amount of heat, thus turning the fluid flowing through the heat exchange tube 16 into a low-temperature liquid, thereby achieving the cooling operation of the fluid to be cooled through the heat exchanger. In this system, the liquid working fluid operates in the liquid collecting chamber 4. When the evacuation operation is performed on the balance chamber 5, the pressure inside the liquid collecting chamber 4 is ultimately reduced. This decrease in the working pressure of the working fluid lowers its phase change temperature, resulting in a lower temperature of the liquid flowing out of the heat exchanger outlet 18. Therefore, the temperature of the liquid flowing out of the heat exchanger tube 16 can be changed by altering the working pressure inside the liquid collecting chamber 4. Furthermore, the heat exchanger tube 16 is not limited to... Figure 1 The form shown can be a spiral tube, a corrugated tube, etc., or fins or fins can be added to increase the heat exchange area. The surface roughness, hydrophilicity, etc. can also be changed to improve the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchange tube 16.

[0043] In one embodiment, the heat exchanger housing 10 is provided with a gas collecting section 19, one end of which is connected to the heat exchanger inner cavity 3, and the other end of which is connected to the heat exchange tube 16 through a condenser tube 20.

[0044] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a gas collecting section 19 is provided on the heat exchanger shell 10. One end of the gas collecting section 19 is connected to the inner cavity 3 of the heat exchanger. The vaporized working fluid flows through the inner cavity 3 to the gas collecting section 19, and finally flows through the gas collecting section 19 to the condenser tube 20. The specific working principle is as follows: the fluid to be cooled is a high-temperature liquid. The high-temperature liquid flows into the heat exchange tube 16 through the inlet. The liquid working fluid in the liquid collecting chamber 4 exchanges heat with the high-temperature liquid, and the temperature of the working fluid rises and reaches the phase change temperature. The working fluid vaporizes and carries away a large amount of heat, so that the fluid to be cooled flowing through the heat exchange tube 16 becomes a low-temperature liquid, thereby realizing the cooling operation of the fluid to be cooled through the heat exchanger. The vaporized working fluid reaches the gas collecting section 19 through the inner cavity 3 of the heat exchanger, and then flows through the gas collecting section 19 to the condenser tube 20. When the vaporized working fluid passes through the condenser tube 20, the vaporized working fluid condenses and liquefies in the condenser tube 20, and then flows back to the liquid collecting chamber 4, and the working fluid completes one heat exchange cycle. The condenser tube 20 is not limited to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The heat exchange tube, as shown, can be a spiral tube, a corrugated tube, etc., and fins or fins can be added to increase the heat exchange area. The heat exchange method can be air cooling, liquid cooling, or other methods. The condenser tube 20 can be equipped with appropriate air pumps or liquid pumps as needed to increase the working fluid circulation efficiency. Simultaneously, the efficiency of the condenser tube 20 can be controlled by adjusting the heat exchange intensity, such as by controlling the cooling air volume through fan speed (air cooling with a fan). It should be noted that when the efficiency of the condenser tube 20 is sufficient to maintain the working fluid circulation in the heat exchanger and the fluid undergoes sufficient heat exchange in the heat exchange tube 16, the outlet fluid temperature is only related to the working fluid phase change temperature, and these two temperatures are the same.

[0045] In one embodiment, the heat exchanger housing 10 is provided with a pressure regulating interface 15, one end of which is connected to the balance chamber 5, and the other end of which is connected to a pressure regulating device.

[0046] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a pressure regulating interface 15 is provided on the heat exchanger shell 10. One end of the pressure regulating interface 15 is connected to the balance chamber 5, and the other end of the pressure regulating interface 15 is connected to a pressure adjusting device (not shown in the figure), such as a steam pump. When a evacuation operation is required, the steam pump is started. Since the steam pump is connected to the balance chamber 5 through the pressure regulating interface 15, the steam pump can perform a evacuation operation on the balance chamber 5 to reduce the working pressure in the balance chamber 5, and ultimately reduce the working pressure of the working medium in the liquid collecting chamber 4.

[0047] In one embodiment, the heat exchange unit 1 is provided in multiple layers. The first chamber 8 of the heat exchange unit 1 in the layer closest to the liquid collection chamber 4 is connected to the liquid collection chamber 4. The second chamber 9 of the heat exchange unit 1 in the layer closest to the balance chamber 5 is connected to the balance chamber 5. The first chamber 8 between adjacent layers of heat exchange units 1 is connected. The second chamber 9 between adjacent layers of heat exchange units 1 is connected. The heat exchanger inner cavity 3 between adjacent layers of heat exchange units 1 is connected.

[0048] Heat exchange unit 1 can be configured as a single layer, such as Figure 1 As shown; multiple layers can also be set, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown. When the heat exchange unit 1 is arranged in multiple layers, the first chamber 8 between two adjacent heat exchange units 1 is connected, the second chamber 9 between two adjacent heat exchange units 1 is connected, and the heat exchanger inner cavity 3 between two adjacent heat exchange units 1 is connected, forming a large, integrated heat exchanger inner cavity. Furthermore, as... Figure 6As shown, since heat exchange unit 1 is multi-layered, the first chamber of the heat exchange unit located near the liquid collection chamber 4 (bottom layer) is connected to the liquid collection chamber 4, and the second chamber of the heat exchange unit located near the balance chamber 5 (top layer) is connected to the balance chamber 5. Therefore, when the balance chamber 5 is evacuated, the pressure in the second chamber of each heat exchange unit decreases, and simultaneously, the pressure in the first chamber of each heat exchange unit decreases. During this process, the pistons of each heat exchange unit move towards the second chamber, thereby reducing the pressure in the bottom first chamber 8, and ultimately reducing the pressure in the liquid collection chamber 4 connected to the bottom first chamber, thus changing the phase change temperature of the working fluid. The multi-layered heat exchange unit has a larger volume than the single-layered heat exchange unit, which can increase the range of volume variation in the first chamber 8, thus increasing the range of pressure variation in the liquid collection chamber 4, and ultimately increasing the range of phase change temperature variation of the working fluid. In addition, the presence of multiple pistons can improve the overall functional stability of the heat exchanger, preventing the heat exchanger from failing due to the failure of a single piston. When the heat exchange unit is set as a single layer, in order to ensure the normal operation of the piston in the outer cavity of the heat exchanger, the height of the heat exchange unit cannot be too large, which limits the volume of the first chamber connected to the liquid collection chamber 4 in the outer cavity of the heat exchanger, thus limiting the range of volume change of the first chamber, which in turn limits the range of working pressure change of the working medium in the liquid collection chamber 4, and ultimately limits the range of phase change temperature change of the working medium. Therefore, it is preferable to set multiple layers of heat exchange unit, which can ensure that the first chamber has a large volume range and also ensure the normal operation of the piston.

[0049] In one embodiment, the two sides of the first partition 6 are recessed inward to form a first through hole 21 and a second through hole 22, respectively. The first through hole 21 connects the first chamber 8 between the heat exchange units 1 of the adjacent layers, and the second through hole 22 connects the second chamber 9 between the heat exchange units 1 of the adjacent layers. Only the second through hole 22 is provided on the heat exchange unit 1 of the layer near the balance chamber on the first partition 6, and only the first through hole 21 is provided on the heat exchange unit 1 of the layer near the liquid collection chamber on the first partition 6.

[0050] The first chamber 8 between two adjacent heat exchange units 1 is connected, and the second chamber 9 between two adjacent heat exchange units 1 is connected. Furthermore, the two sides of the first partition 6 are recessed inward to form a first through hole 21 and a second through hole 22, respectively. Figure 5 and Figure 8As shown, the first through hole 21 penetrates the first chamber 8 of two heat exchange units 1 in adjacent layers, connecting the first chamber 8 between the heat exchange units 1 in adjacent layers; the second through hole 22 penetrates the second chamber 9 of two heat exchange units 1 in adjacent layers, connecting the second chamber 9 between the heat exchange units 1 in adjacent layers. Since the topmost heat exchange unit 1 only needs to be connected to the balance chamber 5, only the second through hole 22 is provided at the heat exchange unit 1 in the layer closest to the balance chamber 5 on the first partition 6 (topmost layer) to connect the second chamber 9 to the balance chamber 5; since the bottommost heat exchange unit 1 only needs to be connected to the liquid collection chamber 4, only the first through hole 21 is provided at the heat exchange unit 1 in the layer closest to the liquid collection chamber 4 on the first partition 6 (bottommost layer) to connect the first chamber 8 to the liquid collection chamber 4.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] This application provides an engine including a lubricating oil system. The lubricating oil system includes the aforementioned heat exchanger. The heat exchanger includes a liquid collecting chamber 4, a balancing chamber 5, and a heat exchange unit 1. The heat exchange unit 1 includes an outer heat exchanger cavity 2 and an inner heat exchanger cavity 3. The outer heat exchanger cavity 2 is arranged around the inner heat exchanger cavity 3. A first partition 6 is arranged inside the outer heat exchanger cavity 2, and a piston 7 is slidably connected inside the outer heat exchanger cavity 2. The piston 7 and the first partition 6 divide the outer heat exchanger cavity 2 into a first chamber 8 and a second chamber 9. The inner heat exchanger cavity 3 and the first chamber 8 are connected to the liquid collecting chamber 4, and the second chamber 9 is connected to the balancing chamber 5.

[0053] In this application, the piston 7 of the heat exchanger in the engine is no longer separate from the heat exchanger but integrated inside it. The outer cavity 2 of the heat exchanger surrounds the inner cavity 3 of the heat exchanger, and the piston 7 is integrated into the outer cavity 2. The piston 7 and the first partition 6 divide the outer cavity 2 into a first chamber 8 and a second chamber 9. By coordinating with the pressure change in the balance chamber 5, the working pressure in the first chamber 8 and the second chamber 9 is changed. This not only achieves isolation between the working fluid and the extraction equipment through the piston 7 but also simplifies the external structure of the entire heat exchanger. Furthermore, the heat exchanger is located in the engine's lubricating oil system. Since the heat exchanger of this application can control the outflow temperature of the fluid to be cooled, the engine using the heat exchanger achieves control of the lubricating oil temperature in the lubricating oil system, improving the control capability of the lubricating oil temperature.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] This application provides an aircraft including the aforementioned engine. The engine includes a heat exchanger, which includes a liquid collection chamber 4, a balance chamber 5, and a heat exchange unit 1. The heat exchange unit 1 includes an outer cavity 2 and an inner cavity 3. The outer cavity 2 surrounds the inner cavity 3. A first partition 6 is provided inside the outer cavity 2, and a piston 7 is slidably connected inside the outer cavity 2. The piston 7 and the first partition 6 divide the outer cavity 2 into a first chamber 8 and a second chamber 9. The inner cavity 3 and the first chamber 8 are connected to the liquid collection chamber 4, and the second chamber 9 is connected to the balance chamber 5.

[0056] The engine of the aircraft in this application includes the aforementioned heat exchanger. The piston 7 of the heat exchanger is no longer separate from the heat exchanger but integrated inside it. The outer cavity 2 of the heat exchanger in the engine of this application is arranged around the inner cavity 3 of the heat exchanger. The piston 7 is integrated into the outer cavity 2, and the piston 7 and the first partition 6 divide the outer cavity 2 into a first chamber 8 and a second chamber 9. By coordinating with changes in the pressure of the balance chamber 5, changes in the working pressure within the first chamber 8 and the second chamber 9 are achieved. This not only isolates the working fluid from the extraction equipment through the piston 7 but also simplifies the external structure of the entire heat exchanger, further simplifying the structure of the aircraft. Furthermore, the heat exchanger is located in the engine's lubricating oil system. Since the heat exchanger of this application can control the outflow temperature of the fluid to be cooled, the engine using the heat exchanger achieves control of the lubricating oil temperature in the lubricating oil system, improving the control capability of the lubricating oil temperature.

[0057] Note that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, the scope of which is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A heat exchanger, characterized in that: The device includes a liquid collection chamber (4), a balance chamber (5), and a heat exchange unit (1). The heat exchange unit (1) includes an outer cavity (2) and an inner cavity (3). The outer cavity (2) surrounds the inner cavity (3). A first partition (6) is provided inside the outer cavity (2), and a piston (7) is slidably connected inside the outer cavity (2). The piston (7) and the first partition (6) divide the outer cavity (2) into a first chamber (8) and a second chamber (9). The cavity (3) and the first chamber (8) are connected to the liquid collection chamber (4), and the second chamber (9) is connected to the balance chamber (5); it also includes a heat exchanger shell (10), in which a heat exchanger cavity (11) is formed, and a second partition (12) is provided in the heat exchanger shell (10), the second partition (12) dividing the heat exchanger cavity (11) into the heat exchanger inner cavity (3) and the heat exchanger outer cavity (2); a plurality of the first partitions are provided in the heat exchanger outer cavity (2). (6) At least one piston (7) is provided between two adjacent first partitions (6), and a first sub-cavity (13) is formed between two adjacent first partitions (6). The piston (7) in the first sub-cavity (13) divides the first sub-cavity (13) into multiple second sub-cavities (14). The second sub-cavity (14) connected to the balance cavity (5) is the second chamber (9), and the second sub-cavity (14) connected to the liquid collection cavity (4) is the first chamber (8). (4) A heat exchange tube (16) is provided inside. The liquid collection chamber (4) and the heat exchange tube (16) are filled with working fluid. One end of the heat exchange tube (16) is connected to the inlet (17) of the fluid to be cooled, and the other end of the heat exchange tube (16) is connected to the outlet (18) of the fluid to be cooled. A pressure regulating interface (15) is provided on the heat exchanger shell (10). One end of the pressure regulating interface (15) is connected to the balance chamber (5), and the other end of the pressure regulating interface (15) is connected to a pressure regulating device.

2. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchanger shell (10) is provided with a gas collecting part (19), one end of which is connected to the inner cavity (3) of the heat exchanger, and the other end of which is connected to the heat exchange tube (16) through a condenser tube (20).

3. The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The heat exchange unit (1) is provided in multiple layers. The first chamber (8) of the heat exchange unit (1) in the layer closest to the liquid collection chamber (4) is connected to the liquid collection chamber (4). The second chamber (9) of the heat exchange unit (1) in the layer closest to the balance chamber (5) is connected to the balance chamber (5). The first chamber (8) between the heat exchange units (1) in adjacent layers is connected. The second chamber (9) between the heat exchange units (1) in adjacent layers is connected. The heat exchanger inner cavities (3) between the heat exchange units (1) in adjacent layers are connected.

4. The heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first partition (6) has inwardly recessed sides to form a first through hole (21) and a second through hole (22). The first through hole (21) connects the first chamber (8) between the heat exchange units (1) of the adjacent layers. The second through hole (22) connects the second chamber (9) between the heat exchange units (1) of the adjacent layers. Only the second through hole (22) is provided on the heat exchange unit (1) of the layer near the balance chamber (5) on the first partition (6). Only the first through hole (21) is provided on the heat exchange unit (1) of the layer near the liquid collection chamber (4) on the first partition (6).

5. An engine, characterized in that: Includes a lubricating oil system, wherein the lubricating oil system includes a heat exchanger as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. An aircraft, characterized in that: Including the engine as described in claim 5.

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