A flume test device and test method for simulating migration of pollutants in river and lake bottom material

Abstract

The application provides a water tank test device and test method for simulating the migration of pollutants in the bottom of a river or lake, and belongs to the field of water tank simulation tests.The water tank test device comprises a wave making system, an infrared heating system, a rainwater spraying system, a layered sampling system, a pore water sampling system, a bank slope adjusting system, a full-spectrum sunlight system and a water tank system, wherein the wave making system is used for simulating a water wave environment, the infrared heating system is used for simulating a temperature environment, the rainwater spraying system is used for simulating a rainfall environment, the bank slope adjusting system is used for simulating a bank slope environment, the full-spectrum sunlight system is used for simulating an illumination environment, and the water tank system is used for simulating a lake environment; the layered sampling system and the pore water sampling system are used for taking water samples in the lake and at the bottom of the lake for relevant determination, and the test device is easy to operate and accurate in results.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of flume simulation testing, and in particular relates to a flume test device and test method for simulating the migration of pollutants in the bottom sediment of rivers and lakes. Background Technology

[0002] Changes in the river and lake water environment are influenced by a variety of complex factors, such as climate change, changes in water temperature, precipitation patterns, and evaporation rates, which affect river and lake water levels, temperatures, and ecosystems; biological influences, such as the potential for eutrophication due to excessive algal blooms, while the presence of fish and plants plays a vital role in maintaining the ecological balance of rivers and lakes; and geological and topographical factors, where the geological structure and topography of rivers and lakes are located, also impact the water environment. Geological structures determine the water supply and drainage characteristics of rivers and lakes, while topography affects the surrounding water flow and quality. These factors interact to collectively determine changes in the river and lake water environment. To clarify the specific mechanisms by which these factors affect rivers and lakes, indoor simulation experiments are necessary.

[0003] Currently, wave tanks are mainly used for indoor simulation experiments, which mainly study the impact of waves on the river and lake water environment, and the simulation conditions are simple.

[0004] Therefore, this invention proposes a flume test device and test method for simulating the migration of pollutants in river and lake bottom sediments. It can simulate the influence mechanism of waves, precipitation, temperature, sunshine and bank slope changes on the water quality of rivers and lakes. It is easy to use and has complete functions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a flume test device and test method for simulating the migration of pollutants in the bottom sediment of rivers and lakes, so as to overcome the shortcomings of the existing flume test research.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above problems is:

[0007] A water tank test device for simulating the migration of pollutants in the bottom sediment of rivers and lakes includes a water tank system. The water tank system includes a frame composed of vertical beams and horizontal beams, an acrylic water tank and an energy dissipation plate embedded in the bottom of the frame, and the energy dissipation plate is fixedly installed between the inner walls of one side of the acrylic water tank.

[0008] A wave-making system includes a wave-making roller, a variable frequency motor, and a fixed bracket. The variable frequency motor is mounted between two vertical beams on the other side of the acrylic water tank via a mounting plate. One end of the fixed bracket is fixedly connected to a horizontal beam, and the other end extends into the acrylic water tank and is rotatably connected to both sides of the wave-making roller. A transmission belt is provided between the wave-making roller and the variable frequency motor.

[0009] The infrared heating system is mounted on the top of the frame via a crossbeam. It includes a heating rod and a lifting frame for adjusting the height of the heating rod, wherein the lifting frame is connected to the crossbeam by adjusting bolts.

[0010] A rainwater sprinkler system includes a rainwater storage tank, a rainwater sprinkler device, a hose connecting the rainwater storage tank and the rainwater sprinkler device, and a water pump installed inside the rainwater storage tank, wherein the water pump is connected to the hose; the rainwater storage tank is fixedly connected to the side of the frame, and the rainwater sprinkler device is fixed to the crossbeam;

[0011] The stratified sampling system includes a lifting-type top-covered water stratified sampling tube and a scale. The scale is affixed to the inner wall of the acrylic water tank, and the lifting-type top-covered water stratified sampling tube is erected on the top of the side wall of the acrylic water tank. One end of the tube is located outside the acrylic water tank, and the other end is rotated and placed inside the acrylic water tank.

[0012] A pore water sampling system includes a collection cylinder, a water outlet, a water outlet pipe connecting the collection cylinder and the water outlet, and a grid located at the bottom of an acrylic water tank. The collection cylinder is located below the grid and is connected to the acrylic water tank.

[0013] The bank slope adjustment system includes an adjustable bank slope and a lifting device. One end of the adjustable bank slope is rotatably connected to the bottom plate of the acrylic water tank, and the other end is a free end. One end of the lifting device is fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the acrylic water tank, and the other end is rotatably connected to the middle of the adjustable bank slope.

[0014] A full-spectrum solar system, including a crossbeam and fluorescent lamps installed below the crossbeam.

[0015] Furthermore, the number of heating rods is multiple, and the heating intensity and the number of rods turned on can be adjusted according to the test requirements.

[0016] Furthermore, the number of rainwater spray devices is multiple, and the rainfall amount and rainfall range can be adjusted according to the test requirements.

[0017] Furthermore, the lifting-type overlying water stratification sampling tube is U-shaped, with rigid straight tubes at both ends and an adjustable pleated tube in the middle, which can adjust the position and depth of water sample collection according to experimental needs.

[0018] Furthermore, the fixed bracket includes two telescopic rods of the same specification.

[0019] A test method for a flume test apparatus for simulating the migration of pollutants from river and lake bottom sediments, using the flume test apparatus for simulating the migration of pollutants from river and lake bottom sediments as described in claim 1, the test method comprising the following steps:

[0020] Step 1: Adjust the lifting-type overlying water stratification sampling tube to the position where water samples need to be collected and place the sampling port at the corresponding depth according to the scale.

[0021] Step 2: Adjust the lifting device to ensure the slope of the adjustable bank meets the test requirements;

[0022] Step 3: Lower the wave-generating drum to a suitable height below the water surface, turn on the variable frequency motor to drive the wave-generating drum to generate waves, and complete the wave simulation experiment;

[0023] Step 4: Adjust the lifting frame to the required height for the test, turn on the heating rod, and complete the temperature simulation test;

[0024] Step 5: Turn on the fluorescent lights to complete the sunlight simulation experiment;

[0025] Step Six: Load the required rainfall into the rainwater storage tank, turn on the water pump and adjust the range of the rainwater spray device to complete the rainfall simulation test;

[0026] Step 7: After the test, turn off the frequency converter motor, heating rod, fluorescent lamp, and water pump in sequence.

[0027] Step 8: Open the water outlet of the lifting-type overlying water stratification sampling tube and the pore water sampling system to collect water samples and complete the experiment.

[0028] Furthermore, in step four, the temperature simulation process should be carried out by adjusting the height of the lifting frame to ensure that all heating rods are on the same horizontal plane, thus ensuring uniform heating of the water surface.

[0029] Furthermore, during the execution of steps three to five, the wave-generating drum, heating rod, and fluorescent lamp should be turned on simultaneously to simulate the water quality change patterns under complex conditions.

[0030] The present invention, employing the above technical solution, can bring the following beneficial effects:

[0031] (1) By simply adjusting the opening sequence of each device, the water tank simulation under complex conditions can be realized, and the complex changing scenarios such as waves, precipitation, temperature, sunshine, and bank slope in the wild can be simulated more realistically; 2. Changing the bank slope can effectively simulate the impact of bank slope changes on pollutant release; 3. Adjusting the irradiation height and irradiation time of the heating rod can easily realize the change of vertical water temperature; 4. Changing the irradiation time of the fluorescent lamp can quickly simulate the impact of different lighting conditions on water quality; 5. Adjusting the rainfall in the rainwater storage tank can intuitively observe the impact of changes in rainfall intensity on the water in the water tank; 6. The pore water collection system and the lifting and lowering top water stratification sampling tube can collect samples immediately during the test without affecting the test process. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention;

[0033] In the diagram, 1. Wave-making system; 2. Infrared heating system; 3. Rainwater spray system; 4. Layered sampling system; 5. Pore water sampling system; 6. Bank slope adjustment system; 7. Full-spectrum solar radiation system; 8. Water tank system; 11. Wave-making drum; 12. Variable frequency motor; 13. Fixed bracket; 21. Heating rod; 22. Lifting frame; 31. Rainwater storage tank; 32. Rainwater spray device; 33. Hose; 34. Water pump; 41. Lifting type overlying water layered sampling pipe; 42. Scale; 51. Collection cylinder; 52. Water outlet; 53. Water outlet pipe; 54. Grille; 61. Adjustable bank slope; 62. Lifting device; 71. Crossbeam; 72. Fluorescent lamp; 81. Acrylic water tank; 82. Vertical beam; 83. Crossbeam; 84. Energy dissipation plate. Detailed Implementation

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, a flume test device for simulating the migration of pollutants in river and lake sediments includes a wave-generating system 1, an infrared heating system 2, a rainwater spraying system 3, a stratified sampling system 4, a pore water sampling system 5, a bank slope adjustment system 6, a full-spectrum solar radiation system 7, and a flume system 8. The wave-generating system 1 simulates the wave environment, the infrared heating system 2 simulates the temperature environment, the rainwater spraying system 3 simulates the rainfall environment, the bank slope adjustment system 6 simulates the bank slope environment, the full-spectrum solar radiation system 7 simulates the light environment, and the flume system 8 simulates the lake environment. The stratified sampling system 4 and the pore water sampling system 5 are used to collect water samples from the lake's interior and bottom for relevant measurements.

[0035] The water tank system 8 includes a frame consisting of vertical beams 82 and horizontal beams 83, an acrylic water tank 81 and an energy dissipation plate 84 embedded in the bottom of the frame, and the energy dissipation plate 84 is fixedly installed between the inner walls of one side of the acrylic water tank 81; wherein the bottom of the acrylic water tank 81 is flush with the bottom of the frame.

[0036] The wave-making system 1 includes a wave-making roller 11, a variable frequency motor 12, and a fixed bracket 13. The variable frequency motor 12 is mounted between two vertical beams 82 on the other side of the acrylic water tank 81 via a mounting plate. The mounting plate is fixedly connected to the two vertical beams 82, and its plane is higher than the top plane of the acrylic water tank 81. One end of the fixed bracket 13 is fixedly connected to a crossbeam 83, and the other end extends into the acrylic water tank 81 and is rotatably connected to both sides of the wave-making roller 11. A transmission belt is provided between the wave-making roller 11 and the variable frequency motor 12. During the experiment, if necessary... To simulate a wave environment, the variable frequency motor 12 is turned on, which drives the wave-making drum 11 to rotate via a transmission belt. The blades on the wave-making drum 11 then stir the lake water, creating waves on the surface. The fixed bracket 13 consists of two identical telescopic rods, allowing the depth of the wave-making drum 11 in the water to be adjusted. In addition, the speed of the variable frequency motor 12 is also adjustable, enabling the wave-making system to simulate waves of various amplitudes. For safety reasons, the variable frequency motor 12 needs to be waterproofed, but this is not a limitation. A protective cover with a shielding effect can also be installed on the external frame of the variable frequency motor 12.

[0037] The infrared heating system 2 is mounted on the top of the frame via a crossbeam 71, which is a component of the full-spectrum solar radiation system 7 and is fixed between two crossbeams 83. The infrared heating system 2 includes a heating rod 21 and a lifting frame 22 for adjusting the height of the heating rod 21. The lifting frame 22 is connected to the crossbeam 71 by adjusting bolts, which allow the lifting frame 22 to adjust the height of the heating rod 21. The lifting frame 22 itself can also be a telescopic rod or a structure with the same effect.

[0038] The rainwater sprinkler system 3 includes a rainwater storage tank 31 fixedly connected to the side of the frame, a rainwater sprinkler device 32, a hose 33 connecting the rainwater storage tank 31 and the rainwater sprinkler device 32, and a water pump 34 installed in the rainwater storage tank 31, wherein the water pump 34 is connected to the hose 33; the rainwater storage tank 31 is fixedly connected to the side of the frame, and the rainwater sprinkler device 32 is fixed on the crossbeam 71; wherein the rainwater sprinkler device 32 is selected as a nozzle, preferably a nozzle that can adjust the spray range; it should be noted that in this embodiment, it is preferable to put pre-collected rainwater in the rainwater storage tank 31, which can increase the accuracy of the test;

[0039] The stratified sampling system 4 includes a lifting-type top-covered water stratified sampling tube 41 and a scale 42. The scale 42 is attached to the inner wall of the acrylic water tank 81. The lifting-type top-covered water stratified sampling tube 41 is erected on the top of the side wall of the acrylic water tank 81, with one end located outside the acrylic water tank 81 and the other end rotated and placed inside the acrylic water tank 81. The lifting-type top-covered water stratified sampling tube 41 has a U-shaped structure with rigid tubes at both ends and an adjustable pleated tube in the middle. It can adjust the position and depth of water sampling according to experimental needs. The water depth needs to be determined by the scale on the scale 42.

[0040] The pore water sampling system 5 includes a collection cylinder 51, a water outlet 52, a water outlet pipe 53 connecting the collection cylinder 51 and the water outlet 52, and a grid 54 located at the bottom of the acrylic water tank 81. The collection cylinder 51 is located below the grid 54 and communicates with the acrylic water tank 81. The grid 54 is used to hold silt, and the bottom of the grid has tiny seepage holes to allow the sampled water from the simulated riverbed bottom to pass through while preventing the silt from flowing out. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, it is preferable to put pre-collected silt from the riverbed bottom into the grid 54, which can increase the accuracy of the experiment.

[0041] The bank slope adjustment system 6 includes an adjustable bank slope 61 and a lifting device 62. One end of the adjustable bank slope 61 is rotatably connected to the bottom plate of the acrylic water tank 81, and the other end is a free end. One end of the lifting device 62 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the acrylic water tank 81, and the other end is rotatably connected to the middle of the adjustable bank slope 61. The lifting device 62 is selected as a telescopic rod structure, but it is not limited to this. Any lifting device in the prior art that can achieve this effect can be used.

[0042] The full-spectrum solar system 7 includes a crossarm 71 and a fluorescent lamp 72 installed below the crossarm 71. The full-spectrum solar system 7 can simulate a light environment.

[0043] In this embodiment, the number of heating rods 21 is multiple, and the heating intensity and the number of them turned on can be adjusted according to the test requirements; the number of rainwater spray devices 32 is multiple, and the rainfall amount and rainfall range can be adjusted according to the test requirements.

[0044] This invention provides a flume test device for simulating the migration of pollutants in river and lake bottom sediments. It conducts flume wave generation tests by installing a wave-generating system 1 in the flume; simulates the impact of adjustable bank slope 61 on water quality and waves by adjusting the height of the lifting device 62; simulates the impact of different temperature values ​​on water quality by changing the height of the lifting frame 22; simulates the impact of different light intensities on water quality by changing the number of fluorescent lights 72 turned on; and simulates the impact of different rainfall intensities on water quality by adjusting the water output of the rainwater spray device 32. The test device is easy to operate and provides accurate results.

[0045] A test method for a flume test device simulating the migration of pollutants from river and lake bottom sediments, using the aforementioned flume test device for simulating the migration of pollutants from river and lake bottom sediments, includes the following steps:

[0046] Step 1: Adjust the lifting-type overlying water stratification sampling tube 41 to the position where water samples need to be collected and place its sampling port at the corresponding depth with reference to the scale 42;

[0047] Step 2: Adjust the lifting device 62 to make the slope of the adjustable bank slope 61 meet the test requirements;

[0048] Step 3: Lower the wave-generating roller 11 to a suitable height below the water surface, turn on the variable frequency motor 12 to drive the wave-generating roller 11 to generate waves, and complete the wave simulation experiment;

[0049] Step 4: Adjust the lifting frame 22 to the required height for the test, turn on the heating rod 21, and complete the temperature simulation test;

[0050] Step 5: Turn on fluorescent lamp 72 to complete the sunlight simulation experiment;

[0051] Step 6: Load the required rainfall into the rainwater storage tank 31, turn on the water pump 34 and adjust the range of the rainwater spray device 32 to complete the rainfall simulation test;

[0052] Step 7: After the test, turn off the frequency converter motor 12, heating rod 21, fluorescent lamp 72, and water pump 34 in sequence.

[0053] Step 8: Open the water outlet 52 of the lifting-type overlying water stratification sampling tube 41 and the pore water sampling system 5 to collect water samples and complete the experiment.

[0054] Furthermore, in step four, the temperature simulation process should be carried out by adjusting the height of the lifting frame 22 to ensure that all heating rods 21 are on the same horizontal plane, thus ensuring uniform heating of the water surface.

[0055] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention; any equivalent substitutions and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the guidance of the present invention shall be deemed to fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flume test apparatus for simulating the migration of pollutants in river and lake sediments, characterized in that: Includes a water tank system (8), which includes a frame consisting of vertical beams (82) and horizontal beams (83), an acrylic water tank (81) and an energy dissipation plate (84) embedded at the bottom of the frame, wherein the energy dissipation plate (84) is fixedly disposed between the inner walls on one side of the acrylic water tank (81); A wave-making system (1) includes a wave-making roller (11), a variable frequency motor (12), and a fixed bracket (13). The variable frequency motor (12) is mounted on a mounting plate between two vertical beams (82) on the other side of the acrylic water tank (81). One end of the fixed bracket (13) is fixedly connected to a crossbeam (83), and the other end extends into the acrylic water tank (81) and is rotatably connected to both sides of the wave-making roller (11). A transmission belt is provided between the wave-making roller (11) and the variable frequency motor (12). The infrared heating system (2) is installed on the top of the frame via a crossbeam (71), and includes a heating rod (21) and a lifting frame (22) for adjusting the height of the heating rod (21), wherein the lifting frame (22) is connected to the crossbeam (71) by adjusting bolts; The rainwater sprinkler system (3) includes a rainwater storage tank (31), a rainwater sprinkler device (32), a hose (33) connecting the rainwater storage tank (31) and the rainwater sprinkler device (32), and a water pump (34) installed in the rainwater storage tank (31), wherein the water pump (34) is connected to the hose (33); the rainwater storage tank (31) is fixedly connected to the side of the frame, and the rainwater sprinkler device (32) is fixed on the crossbeam (71); The stratified sampling system (4) includes a lifting-type top water stratified sampling tube (41) and a scale (42). The scale (42) is attached to the inner wall of the acrylic water tank (81). The lifting-type top water stratified sampling tube (41) is erected on the top of the side wall of the acrylic water tank (81). One end of the tube is located outside the acrylic water tank (81), and the other end is rotated and placed inside the acrylic water tank (81). The pore water sampling system (5) includes a collection cylinder (51), a water outlet (52), a water outlet pipe (53) connecting the collection cylinder (51) and the water outlet (52), and a grid (54) located at the bottom of the acrylic water tank (81). The collection cylinder (51) is located below the grid (54) and communicates with the acrylic water tank (81). The bank slope adjustment system (6) includes an adjustable bank slope (61) and a lifting device (62). One end of the adjustable bank slope (61) is rotatably connected to the bottom plate of the acrylic water tank (81), and the other end is a free end. One end of the lifting device (62) is fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the acrylic water tank (81), and the other end is rotatably connected to the middle of the adjustable bank slope (61). A full-spectrum solar system (7) includes a crossarm (71) and a fluorescent lamp (72) located below the crossarm (71).

2. The flume test apparatus for simulating the migration of pollutants in river and lake sediments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of heating rods (21) is multiple, and the heating intensity and the number of rods turned on can be adjusted according to the test requirements.

3. The flume test device for simulating the migration of pollutants in river and lake sediments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of rainwater spray devices (32) is multiple, and the rainfall amount and rainfall range are adjusted according to the test requirements.

4. The flume test apparatus for simulating the migration of pollutants in river and lake sediments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting-type overlying water stratification sampling tube (41) is U-shaped, with rigid straight tubes at both ends and an adjustable pleated tube in the middle, which can adjust the position and depth of water sample collection according to experimental requirements.

5. The flume test apparatus for simulating the migration of pollutants in river and lake sediments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed bracket (13) includes two telescopic rods of the same specification.

6. A test method for a flume test device simulating the migration of pollutants from river and lake bottom sediments, comprising the flume test device for simulating the migration of pollutants from river and lake bottom sediments as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The experimental method includes the following steps: Step 1: Adjust the lifting-type overlying water stratification sampling tube (41) to the position where water samples need to be collected and place its sampling port at the corresponding depth with reference to the scale (42); Step 2: Adjust the lifting device (62) to make the slope of the adjustable bank slope (61) meet the test requirements; Step 3: Lower the wave-generating roller (11) to a suitable height below the water surface, turn on the variable frequency motor (12) to drive the wave-generating roller (11) to generate waves, and complete the wave simulation experiment; Step 4: Adjust the lifting frame (22) to the required height for the test, turn on the heating rod (21), and complete the temperature simulation test; Step 5: Turn on the fluorescent lamp (72) to complete the sunlight simulation experiment; Step 6: Load the required rainfall into the rainwater storage tank (31), turn on the water pump (34) and adjust the range of the rainwater spray device (32) to complete the rainfall simulation test; Step 7: After the test, turn off the frequency converter motor (12), heating rod (21), fluorescent lamp (72), and water pump (34) in sequence; Step 8: Open the water outlet (52) of the lifting-type overlying water stratification sampling tube (41) and the pore water sampling system (5) to collect water samples and complete the experiment.

7. The test method of the flume test device for simulating the migration of pollutants in river and lake bottom sediments according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step four, the temperature simulation process should be carried out by adjusting the height of the lifting frame (22) so that all heating rods (21) are on the same horizontal plane to ensure that the water surface is heated evenly.

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