A method and system for cross-chain data trusted interaction supporting integrity audit

Abstract

This invention proposes a trusted cross-chain data interaction method and system supporting integrity auditing, relating to the field of cross-chain data interaction. The specific scheme includes: a data request chain performing cross-chain preprocessing to generate a cross-chain smart contract and initiating a cross-chain request to the coordinating node of the data request chain; the coordinating node of the data request chain verifying the cross-chain request through a consensus mechanism and sending the verified cross-chain request to the data provider chain; the data provider chain verifying the cross-chain request through the coordinating node of the data provider chain, and sending the cross-chain data to the data request chain after verification; the data request chain receiving the cross-chain data, confirming it, and broadcasting the completion of the cross-chain interaction. This invention is based on a relay cross-chain mechanism, introducing a coordinating node to assist in recording transaction states, achieving secure cross-chain data interaction between heterogeneous consortium chains; it introduces auditing smart contracts and dispute arbitration contracts, utilizing bilinear short signatures to securely and efficiently achieve integrity auditing of cross-chain data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of cross-chain data interaction, and in particular relates to a cross-chain data trusted interaction method and system that supports integrity auditing. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] With the rapid development of blockchain technology, various different blockchain systems have emerged. These are mostly heterogeneous blockchains developed by different teams for various application scenarios, using different technical architectures. Because each blockchain system is an independent network, these heterogeneous blockchain systems are isolated from each other and do not interfere with each other, forming multiple isolated "chain islands." Constrained by differences in data structures, interface protocols, consensus mechanisms, and even business models, these various blockchain application systems struggle to interconnect, limiting the transfer of digital assets, data interoperability, and business collaboration between blockchains. Therefore, the importance of interoperability between chains is increasingly prominent.

[0004] Cross-chain technology aims to exchange and utilize information between different blockchain systems, enabling interconnectivity and value transfer. It is crucial for bridging isolated blockchain silos and serves as a bridge for blockchain expansion and connectivity. Currently, mainstream cross-chain technologies include notary mechanisms, sidechains / relays, hash locking, and distributed private key control. By connecting independent blockchain systems, cross-chain technology enables interaction between them. However, most of these technologies focus on digital asset transfer applications and are difficult to directly apply to scenarios such as cross-chain data sharing and business collaboration, significantly limiting the development of cross-chain data interoperability applications.

[0005] Cross-chain data interaction enables the transfer of digital assets or information between two or more blockchains, but it also introduces new security challenges. First, user data faces security risks such as information leakage during cross-chain data interaction. In particular, some blockchain systems may lack necessary security measures, such as data encryption or multi-factor authentication, making it difficult to prevent unauthorized access or malicious attacks. Second, data integrity is also a significant issue, as data assets are at risk of being tampered with or deleted when transferred between different blockchain networks. Third, problems with cross-chain data synchronization can lead to data discrepancies and potential errors. For example, unreliable cross-chain relays may cause data loss, and human error or malicious attacks may result in data breaches. Because each blockchain system has its own internal security mechanisms, there is currently a lack of standard protocols for cross-chain data interaction. Since they do not participate in the consensus process of other blockchains, it is difficult for blockchain systems to determine the integrity and trustworthiness of data from other blockchain systems, making it challenging to establish secure and reliable data connection channels between blockchains.

[0006] The master-slave cross-chain architecture limits the efficiency of data flow and faces the problem of master-chain centralization, which may lead to single points of failure. The scalability of the system is also limited, resulting in data congestion and delays. Moreover, since slave chains rely on the master chain to verify and confirm transactions, the master-slave cross-chain architecture reduces the transparency of cross-chain interoperability. Therefore, existing cross-chain data interoperability technologies have defects in terms of security and efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention provides a cross-chain data trusted interaction method and system that supports integrity auditing. Based on a relay cross-chain mechanism, it introduces a coordinating node to assist in recording transaction status, thereby realizing secure cross-chain data interaction between heterogeneous consortium chains. It also introduces audit smart contracts and dispute arbitration contracts, and utilizes bilinear short signatures to achieve secure and efficient integrity auditing of cross-chain data.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, one or more embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

[0009] The first aspect of this invention provides a cross-chain data trusted interaction method that supports integrity auditing.

[0010] A cross-chain data trusted interaction method supporting integrity auditing includes:

[0011] The data request chain performs cross-chain preprocessing to generate a cross-chain smart contract and initiates a cross-chain request to the coordinating node of the data request chain;

[0012] The coordinating node of the data request chain verifies the cross-chain request through a consensus mechanism and sends the verified cross-chain request to the data provider chain;

[0013] The data provider chain verifies cross-chain requests through its coordinating node, and then sends the cross-chain data to the data request chain after verification.

[0014] The data request link receives cross-chain data, and after confirmation, broadcasts that the cross-chain interaction is complete.

[0015] After the cross-chain interaction is completed, the audit smart contract deployed on the data request chain initiates an integrity audit query to the blockchains participating in the cross-chain interaction. The audited blockchain returns an integrity proof, and the integrity audit result is obtained.

[0016] Furthermore, the cross-chain preprocessing specifically includes:

[0017] The data request chain generates an identity certificate and a value transfer key, writes the cross-chain interaction requirements and interaction period into the cross-chain smart contract, and deploys and runs the cross-chain smart contract to initiate a cross-chain transaction request.

[0018] Furthermore, the coordinating node is deployed in the TEE. Each blockchain participating in cross-chain interaction has a coordinating node, which is used to assist in recording transaction status, verifying transaction status between different blockchains, and ensuring the authenticity and credibility of cross-chain data.

[0019] Furthermore, the verification of cross-chain requests through a consensus mechanism specifically involves:

[0020] The coordinating node of the data request chain generates a request verification message and establishes a subset of consensus nodes;

[0021] The member nodes of the consensus node subset verify the coordinating node's signature, determine the correctness of the request verification message, and broadcast a commit message;

[0022] If the number of member nodes broadcasting and submitting information meets the preset conditions, then the consensus of the cross-chain request is completed.

[0023] Furthermore, the data providing chain verifies cross-chain requests, specifically as follows:

[0024] The relay nodes in the data supply chain verify cross-chain requests;

[0025] The data provider chain verifies the path proof of the response node.

[0026] The data request chain's response node verifies the data and provides the chain's response node for the transaction;

[0027] The data provider chain's relay nodes verify cross-chain data.

[0028] Furthermore, the auditing of the smart contract involves the following specific steps:

[0029] Users generate public-private key pairs;

[0030] The user generates a label for each data block;

[0031] The audit smart contract randomly selects positive integers to construct the data block index set;

[0032] The audit smart contract sends a set of challenges to both the data providing chain and the data requesting chain.

[0033] After receiving the challenge set, the data provider chain and the data request chain calculate and return audit proof information to the audit smart contract;

[0034] Based on the audit verification information, the audited smart contract generates an integrity certificate;

[0035] After the smart contract completes the data integrity audit, it returns the integrity audit results to the user.

[0036] Furthermore, if a user receives the integrity audit results and finds that the audit results are inconsistent with the local results, they can apply for result arbitration with the data request chain. The result arbitration is completed through the dispute arbitration contract, and the malicious party is punished.

[0037] A second aspect of the present invention provides a cross-chain data trusted interaction system that supports integrity auditing.

[0038] A cross-chain trusted data interaction system supporting integrity auditing includes a request initiation module, a first verification module, a second verification module, and a data confirmation module.

[0039] The request initiation module is configured to: perform cross-chain preprocessing on the data request chain to generate a cross-chain smart contract, and then initiate a cross-chain request to the coordinating node of the data request chain;

[0040] The first verification module is configured as follows: the coordinating node of the data request chain verifies the cross-chain request through the consensus mechanism and sends the verified cross-chain request to the data provider chain;

[0041] The second verification module is configured as follows: the data provider chain verifies the cross-chain request through the coordinating node of the data provider chain, and sends the cross-chain data to the data request chain after verification.

[0042] The data confirmation module is configured to: receive cross-chain data via the data request link, and broadcast the completion of the cross-chain interaction upon confirmation;

[0043] After the cross-chain interaction is completed, the audit smart contract deployed on the data request chain initiates an integrity audit query to the blockchains participating in the cross-chain interaction. The audited blockchain returns an integrity proof, and the integrity audit result is obtained.

[0044] A third aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a cross-chain trusted data interaction method supporting integrity auditing as described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0045] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device including a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the steps of a cross-chain trusted data interaction method supporting integrity auditing as described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0046] The above one or more technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:

[0047] This invention utilizes a relay cross-chain mechanism, connecting multiple blockchains through a coordinating node to enable data transmission between different blockchains, making cross-chain data interaction more flexible. By separating the coordinating node from the blockchain network, the computational load on the blockchain is reduced, thereby improving the overall performance and scalability of the cross-chain system. Deploying the coordinating node in a TEE ensures that the node's operation is isolated from the host system and that the data is immutable, guaranteeing the security and trustworthiness of data computation.

[0048] In cross-blockchain data interaction, using a set of relay nodes instead of a single relay node effectively avoids single point of failure, improves the reliability and security of data interaction, and also reduces the burden on relay nodes and the risk of network attacks they face.

[0049] This invention adds an extra layer of security auditing to cross-chain data interaction by using a data integrity auditing smart contract deployed on the data request chain, enabling verification of the integrity of transmitted data. The automated execution of the audit by the smart contract ensures fairness and trustworthiness, and the bilinear short signature method reduces computational overhead during verification. Deploying the auditing smart contract directly on the data request chain, without introducing a new blockchain, significantly reduces the complexity of cross-chain systems, improves auditing efficiency, and reduces operational costs.

[0050] This invention incorporates a dispute arbitration smart contract within the data request chain for arbitrating audit results. This eliminates reliance on third-party arbitration institutions, optimizes the design process, and saves time and costs. The arbitration smart contract executes based on predefined rules, ensuring equal and fair treatment for all parties; the immutability of the data minimizes the possibility of discrepancies or errors, reducing the risk of fraud or manipulation.

[0051] Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0052] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0053] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method in the first embodiment.

[0054] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of trusted cross-chain data interaction in the first embodiment.

[0055] Figure 3 This is a detailed flowchart of trusted cross-chain data interaction in the first embodiment.

[0056] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the data integrity audit and arbitration process for the first embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0057] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0058] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0059] Glossary

[0060] Trusted Execution Environment (TEE): A TEE is a technology that protects sensitive data and code. It creates an isolated, secure area within the processor, unaffected by operating systems, drivers, or other applications, to protect data and code security. The main advantage of a TEE is that it prevents malware, hackers, or other third parties from accessing or modifying data and code within the TEE, and it avoids the leakage of intermediate computation results and plaintext data, thus ensuring data security and reliability.

[0061] Coordinating Nodes: Coordinating nodes are off-chain nodes deployed in a TEE environment, offering high security and trustworthiness. Each blockchain participating in cross-chain interaction has a coordinating node responsible for recording and updating blockchain routing information, identity authentication, transaction status, and other related information, and synchronizing with other nodes. Furthermore, coordinating nodes are used to verify node identities and ensure that only authorized nodes can participate in cross-chain data interaction.

[0062] Relay nodes: Deployed within the blockchain, these nodes facilitate the flow of cross-chain data between different blockchains, acting as relays to forward and verify data. When a cross-chain interaction request is initiated, the blockchain selects a suitable relay node based on node availability and processing capabilities to handle the cross-chain data exchange.

[0063] To overcome the shortcomings of existing cross-chain technologies in terms of security and efficiency, and to achieve efficient and secure cross-chain data interaction between consortium blockchains, this invention designs a cross-chain data interaction method and system that supports integrity auditing based on a relay cross-chain mechanism. It introduces a coordinating node to assist in recording transaction states, supporting secure cross-chain data interaction between heterogeneous consortium blockchains, such as cross-chain data sharing and business collaboration between the consortium blockchains FISCO BCOS and HyperLedger Fabric. The relay cross-chain mechanism is commonly used for digital asset exchange between different blockchains, enabling seamless interaction of assets and data between different blockchains.

[0064] To ensure the integrity of data during the interaction process, this invention introduces coordinating nodes to assist in recording the status of cross-chain transactions; these coordinating nodes are used to verify the transaction status between different blockchains, ensuring the authenticity and credibility of cross-chain data.

[0065] To further enhance data auditing, an audit smart contract was introduced to verify the integrity of cross-chain data interactions. The audit smart contract uses a short signature homomorphic method for verification, which efficiently verifies the integrity of cross-chain data with low computational overhead.

[0066] A smart contract for result arbitration is established to adjudicate audit results, verify audit results, and assess data integrity, effectively ensuring the transparency and credibility of the integrity verification process.

[0067] This invention can ensure the security of cross-chain data interaction, the accuracy of auditing, and the transparency of arbitration, and can be used to build a more secure and trustworthy cross-chain ecosystem.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] In one or more embodiments, a cross-chain data trusted interaction method supporting integrity auditing is disclosed, such as... Figure 1 As shown: It includes the following steps:

[0070] Step S1: The data request chain performs cross-chain preprocessing to generate a cross-chain smart contract and initiates a cross-chain request to the coordinating node of the data request chain;

[0071] Step S2: The coordinating node of the data request chain verifies the cross-chain request through the consensus mechanism and sends the verified cross-chain request to the data provider chain;

[0072] Step S3: The data provider chain verifies the cross-chain request through the coordinating node of the data provider chain, and then sends the cross-chain data to the data request chain after verification;

[0073] Step S4: Request data to receive cross-chain data, and broadcast the completion of cross-chain interaction after confirmation;

[0074] After the cross-chain interaction is completed, the audit smart contract deployed on the data request chain initiates an integrity audit query to the blockchains participating in the cross-chain interaction. The audited blockchain returns an integrity proof, and the integrity audit result is obtained.

[0075] This embodiment provides a detailed explanation of the implementation process of a cross-chain data trusted interaction method that supports integrity auditing.

[0076] This interaction mainly involves four roles: user, data provider chain, data request chain, and coordinating node. Their relationships are as follows: Figure 2 As shown:

[0077] User: An entity that owns the original data; users can both upload their original data to the blockchain and retrieve data from the blockchain. After cross-chain data interaction is completed, users can initiate a data integrity audit challenge to the data request chain LA. If there are any doubts about the audit results, users will use a pre-selected secret random number to call the arbitration smart contract of the data request chain LA to arbitrate the result.

[0078] Data Provider Chain (LB): A blockchain that stores user data assets; LB is deployed with multiple relay nodes R. B When a cross-chain interaction is initiated, the on-chain relay network will select a suitable relay node R from the relay network. B Participate in cross-chain interactions. Relay node R B It is a special type of node in a blockchain network, whose main function is to coordinate node N B With the chain node LB i Establish communication and trust relationships between them. Relay node R BThe data provider chain (LB) receives data requests from off-chain entities, verifies, filters, and forwards these requests, sending them to on-chain smart contracts or other nodes. In cross-chain data interactions, the LB receives cross-chain transaction requests from the data request chain (LA), verifies the requests, and then sends the stored data to the LA. When the data audit smart contract initiates a challenge, the LB generates an audit certificate and sends it to the audit smart contract.

[0079] The Data Request Chain (LA) is the blockchain where data assets are transferred; it's the destination where data or assets reside after cross-chain transmission. The LA also deploys a relay network, functioning identically to the relay network on the Data Provider Chain. During cross-chain data interaction, the LA sends cross-chain transaction requests to the Data Provider Chain (LB) and receives requested data. The LA is responsible for recording and verifying data from the Data Provider Chain and deploys audit smart contracts and dispute arbitration contracts. The audit smart contract is the platform for auditing data integrity during cross-chain interactions. When an audit inquiry is initiated, the Data Provider Chain (LB) and the LA generate audit proofs based on the inquiry and honestly send these proofs to the audit smart contract. Upon receiving the audit proof, the audit smart contract completes integrity verification. The dispute arbitration contract is the unit that adjudicates the verification results. When the integrity proof returned by the audit smart contract is inconsistent with the local result, the user will use a pre-selected secret random number to invoke the arbitration smart contract on the blockchain, along with the corresponding blockchain transaction address displayed on the blockchain, to resolve the dispute. Upon receiving an arbitration request, the arbitration agreement will locate the disputed verification record based on the blockchain transaction address and make a ruling based on the blockchain interaction information.

[0080] Coordinating Node N A N B A coordinating node is an off-chain node deployed in a TEE environment, offering high security and trustworthiness. Each blockchain participating in cross-chain interaction has a coordinating node responsible for recording and updating routing information, identity authentication, transaction status, and other relevant information during cross-chain data exchange, and synchronizing with other nodes. The coordinating node ensures that routing information is up-to-date and accurate, thereby guaranteeing the correct execution of transactions across the blockchain network. Furthermore, the coordinating node also verifies the identity of nodes and ensures that only authorized nodes can participate in cross-chain data exchange.

[0081] Based on the four roles mentioned above, this embodiment discloses a cross-chain data trusted interaction method that supports integrity auditing. Based on a relay cross-chain mechanism, a coordinating node is introduced to assist in recording transaction states; an audit smart contract and a dispute arbitration contract are introduced, and bilinear short signatures are used to securely and efficiently achieve cross-chain data integrity auditing. This solution includes cross-chain data trusted interaction and integrity auditing.

[0082] Trusted cross-chain data interaction: Supports secure cross-chain data interaction between heterogeneous consortium blockchains, including deploying a coordination node in the TEE and connecting to the blockchain via API interfaces and network protocols; the data request chain LA performs cross-chain preprocessing to generate cross-chain smart contracts and sends them to the off-chain coordination node N. A Initiate a cross-chain request; Coordinating node N A The cross-chain request is verified through a consensus mechanism and then sent to the data provider chain (LB). The data provider chain (LB) then coordinates with node N. B After consensus is reached, the data is sent to the data request chain LA. Once the data request chain LA confirms the data, the transaction is broadcast and completed.

[0083] Integrity Audit: The audit smart contract deployed on the Data Request Chain (LA) initiates integrity audit queries to the blockchains participating in cross-chain interactions. The audited blockchain returns integrity proofs, which are verified through the smart contract. If a user finds that the audit results are inconsistent with the local results, they can apply for result arbitration to the Data Request Chain. The result arbitration is completed through the dispute arbitration contract, and malicious parties are punished.

[0084] Below is a more detailed example of a cross-chain data trusted interaction process that supports integrity auditing, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the specific steps are as follows:

[0085] 1. Cross-chain preprocessing:

[0086] Data request chain LA's in-chain node LA j Generate identity certificate and value transfer key LA j.s Then, data assets δLB i (i.e., the cross-chain interaction requirement mA of the data request chain LA to obtain from the data provider chain LB) j The interaction period is written into the cross-chain smart contract. It also deploys and runs cross-chain smart contracts to initiate cross-chain transaction requests.

[0087] 2. Data request chain LA verification request completes cross-chain consensus:

[0088] LA Chain Intrachain Relay Node R A Verify the cross-chain request and request the coordinating node N. A Transaction verification via cross-chain consensus mechanism The specific steps for cross-chain consensus based on the PBFT mechanism are as follows:

[0089] 2.1 Request:

[0090] LA relay node R A To the corresponding coordinating node N A Send a cross-chain interaction request.

[0091] 2.2 Preparatory work:

[0092] Coordinating Node N A Assign a unique number N to the request and generate a pre-preparation message; coordinate node N. A Based on the proximity, availability, and processing capacity of member nodes, LA chain member nodes are selected to receive pre-preparation messages, establishing a consensus node subset; the pre-preparation message is sent to the consensus subset member nodes, and coordinating node N... A Set a time limit t. The unique number N consists of the type, blockchain number, and request number, where the blockchain number is only assigned when blockchain consensus is reached, and the rest are preset to 0.

[0093] 2.3 Preparation:

[0094] The consensus subset member nodes receive the data from the coordinating node N. A After receiving the pre-preparation message, verify the coordinating node N in the pre-preparation message. A The signature is used to determine the correctness of the message and decide whether to accept it. Specifically, nodes that do not respond within a certain time t will be removed from the node subset. After successful verification, the signature is combined with N to form a preparation message, which is then broadcast to other subset member nodes.

[0095] 2.4 Confirmation:

[0096] After receiving the preparation message, all consensus subset member nodes verify the coordinating node N. A The signature of the node confirms the correctness of the preparation message. If the number of nodes receiving preparation messages exceeds two-thirds of the total number of nodes in the subset, a commit message is broadcast to all nodes, indicating that the node can perform the requested service.

[0097] 2.5 Reply:

[0098] If all nodes receive the commit message, the message is considered correct. If the number of nodes that commit the message exceeds one-third of the total number of nodes in the subset, then the consensus request is complete, and the coordinating node N... A It also generates a response message to reply to the data request chain LA.

[0099] 2.6 Status Update:

[0100] If the verification passes, coordinate node N A Generate a digital signature Sig(R) containing its digital signature. A The path proof marks the transaction status as "requested" and sends a cross-chain request to the relay node R of the data provider chain LB. B Otherwise, the transaction Ignored, and an error message is returned to the relay node R of the data provider chain lB.B .

[0101] 3. Data provider chain LB relay node R B Verification request:

[0102] Data provider chain LB relay node R B Request the corresponding coordinating node N through the consensus mechanism in step 2. B Verify the transaction. Once verification is successful, add N. B The signature update path proof transmits the transaction request information to the response node LB on the data provider chain. i .

[0103] 4. Response Node LB i Verification path proof:

[0104] Response Node LB i By coordinating node N B The public key verifies its digital signature to validate the path proof. If the path proof passes the validation, the responding node LB... i Update the path proof, and use the blind response result Reply(mA) j Write complete path proofs and other information into transactions. And broadcast the transaction; coordinating node N B Update the transaction status to "Pending Confirmation"; otherwise, ignore the transaction.

[0105] 5. Data request chain LA's internal node LA j Verify response node LB i Transactions:

[0106] Data request chain LA's in-chain node LA j The verification path proves that the check originates from the response node LB. i transactions After the verification is successful, LB i Value transfer key LB i.s Hash value input To extract the query response Execute transaction Value transfer key LB i.s Return to LA j ;LB i Send cross-chain data to relay node R B For verification purposes.

[0107] 6. Relay node R B Verify cross-chain data:

[0108] Data provider chain LB relay node R B Verify that the cross-chain data does indeed exist in LB, RB The path proof for generating cross-chain data is as follows:

[0109] R B The cryptographic hash Hash() of the cross-chain data is calculated using a secure hash function, and the hash value is signed using its private key to create a digital signature Sig(R). B ); Relay node R B Generate a Merkle proof (Proof()) for the hash value, proving its position in the Merkle tree of the data-providing chain, and finally generate a digital signature (Sig(R)) included in the path proof. B ) and Merkle prove Proof(Data); after generating the path proof, R B Transmitting cross-chain data and its path proof to R A

[0110] 7. Cross-chain data path proof verification:

[0111] From relay node R B After receiving the path proof, relay node R A First, use R. B The public key is used to verify the digital signature Sig(R) B After signature verification is successful, relay node R... A The Merkle tree is reconstructed and a hash value is calculated to verify the Merkle proof Proof(Data), ensuring that the path proof corresponds to the requested cross-chain data and is consistent with the consensus result. After the cross-chain data path proof verification is successful, relay node R... B Transmit data to node LA j .

[0112] 8. Data Receipt Confirmation:

[0113] Node LA j Receive cross-chain data, generate confirmation messages, and broadcast them; Coordinating node N A Upon receiving the broadcast confirmation message, the transaction status is marked as "confirmed"; Response Node L B Verification from LA j Broadcast confirmation information and modify the response node LB according to the incentive strategy. i The credit value; at this point, the cross-chain data interaction is complete.

[0114] 9. Integrity Audit:

[0115] After cross-chain data interaction is completed, the user of the data request chain requests the data request chain LA to perform a data integrity audit; the data request chain LA executes the audit smart contract deployed on its chain to initiate the integrity audit, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the data integrity audit arbitration steps are as follows:

[0116] 9.1 Key Generation Stage:

[0117] The user in the data request chain selects a random number α∈Z P As its private key sk and its public key Pk, no one else can calculate α based on Pk.

[0118] 9.2 Tag Generation Stage:

[0119] For each data block m i The user in the data request chain generates a tag. Where h:{0,1}*→G is a hash function.

[0120] 9.3 Questioning Phase:

[0121] The audit smart contract randomly selects c∈[1,n] to construct the data block index set I={s1,s2,…,s c}, and generate pseudo-random numbers for each i∈I.

[0122] 9.4 Challenge Question Sending:

[0123] The audit smart contract sends a challenge set chal = {(i,v} to the data providing chain LB and the data requesting chain LA. i )}.

[0124] 9.5 Responding to Inquiries:

[0125] After receiving the message, the data provider chain (LB) and the data request chain (LA) calculate... And return audit proof information {,μ,η} to the audit smart contract respectively.

[0126] 9.7 Challenge Verification:

[0127] The audit smart contract checks whether e(n,P)·(μ+R,P)=(p,p) is true. If true, an integrity proof is generated; otherwise, an error message is returned to the user.

[0128] 9.8 Return audit results:

[0129] After the smart contract completes the data integrity audit, it returns the integrity certificate to the user.

[0130] 10. Data Integrity Arbitration:

[0131] Upon receiving the data integrity audit results, if the received data integrity certificate is found to be inconsistent with the local results, the user will use a pre-selected secret random number r. *Request arbitration from the Data Request Chain; the Data Request Chain executes its on-chain dispute arbitration smart contract to conduct arbitration, and the arbitration steps are as follows:

[0132] 10.1 Dispute Arbitration Stage:

[0133] The arbitration smart contract will check r * Whether the information disclosed by the user is true or not, based on g and r * calculate The result is then compared with ch. If the results are inconsistent, then r is considered to be... * The content uploaded by the user is not authentic because the user cannot provide r * satisfy

[0134] 10.2 Arbitration of Audit Results:

[0135] If the results are consistent, the arbitration smart contract will perform further calculations. (In this step, r) * It is proven to be identically equal to r). The result is then compared with the audited proofs published by the data provider chain and the data request chain. If and only if The data provider chain and the data request chain are considered honest. At this point, the arbitration smart contract will determine whether the user has maliciously framed either the data provider chain or the data request chain.

[0136] 10.3 Generate arbitration results:

[0137] The arbitration smart contract generates the arbitration result, publishes it on the data request chain and the data provider chain, and punishes the malicious party according to the pre-agreed penalty method.

[0138] Example 2

[0139] In one or more embodiments, a cross-chain data trusted interaction system supporting integrity auditing is disclosed, including a request initiation module, a first verification module, a second verification module, and a data confirmation module:

[0140] The request initiation module is configured to: perform cross-chain preprocessing on the data request chain to generate a cross-chain smart contract, and then initiate a cross-chain request to the coordinating node of the data request chain;

[0141] The first verification module is configured as follows: the coordinating node of the data request chain verifies the cross-chain request through the consensus mechanism and sends the verified cross-chain request to the data provider chain;

[0142] The second verification module is configured as follows: the data provider chain verifies the cross-chain request through the coordinating node of the data provider chain, and sends the cross-chain data to the data request chain after verification.

[0143] The data confirmation module is configured to: receive cross-chain data via the data request link, and broadcast the completion of the cross-chain interaction upon confirmation;

[0144] After the cross-chain interaction is completed, the audit smart contract deployed on the data request chain initiates an integrity audit query to the blockchains participating in the cross-chain interaction. The audited blockchain returns an integrity proof, and the integrity audit result is obtained.

[0145] Example 3

[0146] The purpose of this embodiment is to provide a computer-readable storage medium.

[0147] A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a cross-chain data trusted interaction method supporting integrity auditing as described in Embodiment 1 of this disclosure.

[0148] Example 4

[0149] The purpose of this embodiment is to provide an electronic device.

[0150] An electronic device includes a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the steps of a cross-chain data trusted interaction method supporting integrity auditing as described in Embodiment 1 of this disclosure.

[0151] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cross-chain data trusted interaction method supporting integrity auditing, characterized in that, include: The data request chain performs cross-chain preprocessing to generate a cross-chain smart contract and initiates a cross-chain request to the coordinating node of the data request chain; The coordinating node of the data request chain verifies the cross-chain request through a consensus mechanism and sends the verified cross-chain request to the data provider chain; The data provider chain verifies cross-chain requests through its coordinating node, and then sends the cross-chain data to the data request chain after verification. The data request link receives cross-chain data, and after confirmation, broadcasts that the cross-chain interaction is complete. After the cross-chain interaction is completed, the audit smart contract deployed on the data request chain initiates an integrity audit query to the blockchains participating in the cross-chain interaction. The audited blockchain returns an integrity proof, and the integrity audit result is obtained. The coordinating node is an off-chain node deployed in the TEE environment. Each blockchain participating in cross-chain interaction has a coordinating node, which is used to assist in recording transaction status, verifying transaction status between different blockchains, and ensuring the authenticity and credibility of cross-chain data. The audit smart contract takes the following specific steps: Users generate public-private key pairs; The user generates a label for each data block; The audit smart contract randomly selects positive integers to construct the data block index set; The audit smart contract sends a set of challenges to both the data providing chain and the data requesting chain. After receiving the challenge set, the data provider chain and the data request chain calculate and return audit proof information to the audit smart contract; Based on the audit verification information, the audited smart contract generates an integrity certificate; After the smart contract completes the data integrity audit, it returns the integrity audit results to the user.

2. The cross-chain data trusted interaction method supporting integrity auditing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-chain preprocessing specifically includes: The data request chain generates an identity certificate and a value transfer key, writes the cross-chain interaction requirements and interaction period into the cross-chain smart contract, and deploys and runs the cross-chain smart contract to initiate a cross-chain transaction request.

3. The cross-chain data trusted interaction method supporting integrity auditing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The verification of cross-chain requests through a consensus mechanism specifically involves: The coordinating node of the data request chain generates a request verification message and establishes a subset of consensus nodes; The member nodes of the consensus node subset verify the coordinating node's signature, determine the correctness of the request verification message, and broadcast a commit message; If the number of member nodes broadcasting and submitting information meets the preset conditions, then the consensus of the cross-chain request is completed.

4. The cross-chain data trusted interaction method supporting integrity auditing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The data providing chain verifies cross-chain requests, specifically as follows: The relay nodes in the data supply chain verify cross-chain requests; The data provider chain verifies the path proof of the response node. The data request chain's on-chain nodes verify the data and provide the chain's response nodes for transactions; The data provider chain's relay nodes verify cross-chain data.

5. A cross-chain data trusted interaction method supporting integrity auditing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After receiving the integrity audit results, if a user finds that the audit results are inconsistent with the local results, they can apply for result arbitration with the data request chain. The result arbitration is completed through the dispute arbitration contract, and the malicious party is punished.

6. A cross-chain data trusted interaction system supporting integrity auditing, characterized in that, The method for cross-chain trusted data interaction supporting integrity auditing, as described in any one of claims 1-5, includes a request initiation module, a first verification module, a second verification module, and a data confirmation module. The request initiation module is configured to: perform cross-chain preprocessing on the data request chain to generate a cross-chain smart contract, and then initiate a cross-chain request to the coordinating node of the data request chain; The first verification module is configured as follows: the coordinating node of the data request chain verifies the cross-chain request through the consensus mechanism and sends the verified cross-chain request to the data provider chain; The second verification module is configured as follows: the data provider chain verifies the cross-chain request through the coordinating node of the data provider chain, and sends the cross-chain data to the data request chain after verification. The data confirmation module is configured to: receive cross-chain data via the data request link, and broadcast the completion of the cross-chain interaction upon confirmation; After the cross-chain interaction is completed, the audit smart contract deployed on the data request chain initiates an integrity audit query to the blockchains participating in the cross-chain interaction. The audited blockchain returns an integrity proof, and the integrity audit result is obtained.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that it comprises: Memory is used to store computer-readable instructions in a non-transitory manner. as well as Processor, for executing the computer-readable instructions, When the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, they perform the method described in any one of claims 1-5.

8. A storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable instructions are stored non-transitory, wherein when the non-transitory computer-readable instructions are executed by a computer, the instructions of the method according to any one of claims 1-5 are executed.

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