A full spectrum solar driven air source capture directed carbon hydrocarbon fuel production system

Abstract

The application discloses a full-spectrum solar-driven air source capture directional carbon-hydrogen fuel system, which comprises a condenser, a frequency divider, a heat collector, a photovoltaic assembly, an electrolytic tank, a direct air capture device, a water distillation device and a carbon dioxide hydrogenation reactor. The concentrated solar energy is divided in frequency. On one hand, short-wave solar photons are used for photovoltaic power generation, and the generated electric energy directly drives the electrolytic tank to electrolyze hydrogen, which provides a hydrogen source for carbon-hydrogen fuel produced by carbon dioxide hydrogenation. On the other hand, long-wave solar photons heat heat exchange working medium to realize heat storage. The heat energy of the heat exchange working medium can be used for temperature compensation of the carbon dioxide hydrogenation reaction, desorption of CO2 and H2O adsorbed by the direct air capture device, and water distillation and purification, so as to obtain reaction raw materials for the system. The application can realize full-spectrum efficient gradient utilization of solar-driven air source carbon-hydrogen fuel directional preparation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a hydrocarbon fuel production system, specifically a full-spectrum solar-driven air-source capture-oriented hydrocarbon fuel production system. Background Technology

[0002] Solar energy, as an abundant, green, and inexhaustible energy source, has broad prospects and enormous potential in both power generation and heating. Solar energy can be used for photovoltaic power generation, hydrogen production through water electrolysis, and heat generation for thermochemical reactions through photothermal utilization. It can also be used for seawater desalination and air capture to obtain CO2, H2O, and other raw materials. However, traditional photovoltaic power generation and photothermal effects neglect the full-spectrum energy characteristics of solar energy. Photovoltaic response wavelengths are near the visible light range, and long-wavelength thermal energy is not converted. Pure photothermal effects convert all solar energy into heat, making efficient photon energy management and utilization difficult. Spectral frequency division technology can separate the solar energy spectrum, using the short-wavelength photovoltaic response portion for photovoltaic power generation and the long-wavelength unresponsive portion for heat collection. This combines photovoltaic and photothermal technologies, thereby achieving the tiered utilization of solar energy quality.

[0003] Based on the concept of efficient utilization of the full spectrum of solar energy, and using concentrated light frequency division technology, a method is proposed that integrates photovoltaic power generation, water electrolysis for hydrogen production, and thermocatalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (catalytic reaction: xCO2 + (2x - z + y / 2)H2 = C). x H y O z A solar-driven, frequency-splitting system for producing hydrocarbon fuels, integrating multiple functions such as concentrated solar power (+(2x-z)H2O), organic working fluid thermal storage, direct air capture, and water distillation, is of great significance. By combining solar collector utilization technology and spectral splitting technology, it is expected to realize the processes of photovoltaic power generation for hydrogen production, thermochemical hydrocarbon fuel preparation, and solar thermal energy storage.

[0004] Existing technologies utilize solar spectral frequency division to apply to hydrogen production or carbon dioxide conversion. However, these technologies suffer from low energy utilization efficiency, poor energy management pathways, and low product value. For example, patent CN 217895517 U focuses solely on syngas production, resulting in a limited variety of products; insufficient energy matching in the technological pathway leads to low efficiency. Furthermore, the large-scale application of photocatalysis technology currently faces many challenges, and direct electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide also wastes a significant amount of high-grade electrical energy. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Objective of the Invention: This invention aims to provide a high-efficiency, full-spectrum solar-driven air-source capture system for the directional production of hydrocarbon fuels. In this system, concentrated solar energy is frequency-divided. On one hand, short-wave solar photons are used for photovoltaic power generation, and the generated electricity directly drives an electrolyzer to produce hydrogen, providing a hydrogen source for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide into hydrocarbon fuels. On the other hand, long-wave solar photons heat the heat exchange medium to achieve heat storage, providing heat energy for the carbon dioxide hydrogenation reaction and maintaining a stable reactor temperature. The waste heat is used to obtain the system's reaction raw materials, CO2 and H2O, through methods such as direct air capture, thereby achieving a full-spectrum, highly efficient, and cascaded utilization solar-driven air-source hydrocarbon fuel directional production system.

[0006] Technical Solution: The full-spectrum solar-driven direct air source CO2 and H2O capture system for producing hydrocarbon fuels according to the present invention includes a concentrator, a frequency divider, a solar collector, photovoltaic modules, an electrolyzer, a direct air capture device, a water distillation device, and a carbon dioxide hydrogenation reactor. The frequency divider is located on the focusing path of the concentrator and is used to split the incident sunlight into two parts according to the spectral wavelength range. The beam within the photovoltaic response spectrum range is used for power generation by the photovoltaic modules, and the beam outside the response spectrum range is converted into heat energy by the solar collector. The photovoltaic modules include photovoltaic cells and a heat recovery unit. The photovoltaic cells are used to receive the beam within the photovoltaic response spectrum range after it has been split by the frequency divider and convert it into electrical energy to power the electrolyzer. The portion not converted into electrical energy is used for heat recovery. The CO2 and H2O in the air are converted into heat energy and absorbed by the heat exchange medium in the heat recovery unit. The direct air capture device uses an adsorbent to absorb and capture CO2 and H2O in the air. After the adsorption is saturated, the heat energy of the heat exchange medium is used to release the adsorbed CO2 and H2O. The CO2 is fed into the carbon dioxide hydrogenation reactor, and the H2O is fed into the water distillation device for distillation and purification, and then fed into the electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell uses the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic cell and the distilled water from the outlet of the water distillation device to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen. The hydrogen produced at the cathode is fed into the carbon dioxide hydrogenation reactor. The carbon dioxide hydrogenation reactor uses the hydrogen produced by electrolyzing water in the electrolytic cell and the carbon dioxide released by the direct air capture device as reaction raw materials to realize the production of hydrocarbon fuels by hydrogenating carbon dioxide.

[0007] Among them, the concentrator is used to concentrate and utilize sunlight to provide light energy input for the system; the solar collector is used to receive the beam of light in the non-photovoltaic response spectrum range after the frequency divider splits it and convert it into heat energy; the oxygen generated by the anode of the electrolytic cell is vented or collected for later use.

[0008] Preferably, the condenser is selected from a slot condenser, a linear Fresnel condenser, a dish condenser, or a tower condenser.

[0009] Preferably, the frequency divider is selected from various dichroic frequency dividers, prisms, liquid absorption frequency dividers, and other frequency dividers suitable for this invention. When using a liquid absorption frequency divider to achieve spectral splitting, the frequency divider and the heat collector can be combined, that is, the liquid in the absorption frequency divider simultaneously has heat exchange function, achieving spectral frequency splitting and heat collection simultaneously.

[0010] Preferably, the photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic cell is selected from monocrystalline silicon, flexible gallium arsenide, gallium arsenide, triple-junction gallium arsenide, and other photovoltaic panels suitable for the present invention.

[0011] Preferably, the electrolyzer is selected from alkaline electrolyzers, proton exchange membrane electrolyzers, anion exchange membrane electrolyzers, solid electrolyzers, and other electrolyzers suitable for the present invention that can generate hydrogen.

[0012] Preferably, the water distillation apparatus utilizes the thermal energy of the heat exchange medium to distill and purify the water obtained from the direct air capture device. After cooling, the water from the first distillation can be distilled a second time using the thermal energy of the heat exchange medium. The water from the second distillation can be directly fed into the electrolytic cell. The water distillation apparatus can be selected from any water purification treatment device suitable for this invention whose outlet meets the water quality requirements for electrolysis in the electrolytic cell.

[0013] Preferably, the carbon dioxide hydrogenation reactor uses electric heating to raise the temperature, utilizing the heat energy of the heat exchange medium to compensate for the temperature rise and reduce power consumption, or as a cooling medium to remove the exothermic reaction and ensure stable reactor temperature, thereby realizing the production of hydrocarbon fuels from carbon dioxide hydrogenation. The carbon dioxide hydrogenation reactor can be selected from single-pass reactors, membrane reactors, recirculating reactors, and other reactors suitable for this invention.

[0014] Preferably, the system also includes a heat storage tank for storing the heat exchange medium. The heat exchange medium flowing out of the heat storage tank is first heated by a photovoltaic heat recovery unit, then heated a second time by a collector, and then flows through a carbon dioxide hydrogenation reactor, a direct air capture device, and a water distillation device before returning to the heat storage tank.

[0015] As a preferred option, the heat exchange medium can include water and various organic media.

[0016] Preferably, the relative positions of the frequency divider, the solar collector, and the photovoltaic module can be changed according to the use of different frequency dividers, different solar collectors, and different photovoltaic modules. The purpose is to enable the photovoltaic response spectrum energy to be absorbed and utilized by the photovoltaic module and converted into electrical energy, and the non-photovoltaic response spectrum energy to be absorbed and utilized by the solar collector and converted into thermal energy.

[0017] Preferably, the photovoltaic panel is input with the maximum response spectrum, and the heat energy generated is carried away by the heat exchange medium in the heat recovery unit. The flow rate of the heat exchange medium is controlled to control the amount of heat exchanged, thereby controlling the temperature of the photovoltaic panel. The maximum temperature adjustment range of the photovoltaic panel is within the range of 20℃ to 120℃.

[0018] Preferably, the carbon dioxide hydrogenation reactor can produce different hydrocarbon fuels by changing the different solid catalysts packed inside, specifically including most hydrocarbon fuels that can be formed by carbon dioxide hydrogenation, such as methane, methanol, formic acid, ethane, ethanol, acetic acid, and dimethyl ether. Since most hydrocarbon fuel preparation processes release heat, this heat can be recovered by the heat exchange medium.

[0019] Preferably, the reaction temperature of the carbon dioxide hydrogenation reactor is obtained by electric heating, and the temperature can be compensated or controlled by the flow of heat exchange medium through the reactor.

[0020] Preferably, two or more direct air capture devices can be arranged, and the inside of the capture devices is filled with solid adsorbent. Through alternating capture and release, the system can achieve continuous input of CO2 and H2O. Depending on the adsorbent and device type, the direct air capture device can achieve simultaneous capture of CO2 and H2O, or it can also achieve separate capture.

[0021] Preferably, the direct air capture device uses solid adsorbents capable of capturing carbon dioxide from the air, including alkali metal adsorbents, supported amine adsorbents, metal-organic framework adsorbents, and aerogels, hydrogels, and other adsorbents suitable for this system. Solid adsorbents capable of capturing water from the air include silica gel, molecular sieves, zeolites, hygroscopic salts, activated carbon, and other adsorbents suitable for this system. Solid adsorbents capable of simultaneously capturing carbon dioxide and water from the air can include adsorbents that adsorb both carbon dioxide and water.

[0022] Preferably, the direct air capture device uses an adsorbent to adsorb CO2 and H2O from the air. As air flows through the adsorbent, it acts as an adsorption bed, simultaneously capturing CO2 and H2O. CO2 and H2O compete for adsorption. After the adsorbent is heated by a heat exchange medium, it acts as a desorption bed, desorbing CO2 and H2O from the adsorbent and forming a carbon dioxide flow path rich in water vapor. The dehydrated carbon dioxide is then used to obtain carbon dioxide and water sources that enter the system.

[0023] Preferably, when the direct air capture device uses carbon dioxide adsorbent and water adsorbent to adsorb CO2 and H2O from the air, respectively, the air flows sequentially through the adsorption beds formed by the two adsorbents, adsorbing CO2 and H2O from the air respectively. After the heat exchange medium flows through the carbon dioxide adsorbent and water adsorbent respectively, CO2 and H2O are desorbed from the adsorbents, forming a carbon dioxide flow path and a water vapor flow path, respectively obtaining the carbon dioxide source and water source entering the system.

[0024] Preferably, in the desorption process of the direct air capture device, the desorption temperature of the carbon dioxide adsorbent needs to be in the range of 150°C to 230°C, and the desorption temperature of the water adsorbent needs to be in the range of 60°C to 90°C. By connecting adsorbents with different desorption temperatures in series with a heat exchange medium, carbon dioxide and water desorption are achieved, realizing the cascade utilization of thermal energy.

[0025] Preferably, after the adsorbent in the direct air capture device is desorbed, the flow rate of carbon dioxide entering the system can be configured to control the ratio of carbon dioxide and hydrogen entering the reactor for reaction, thus enabling the preparation of different hydrocarbon fuels, including methane, methanol, formic acid, ethane, ethanol, acetic acid, dimethyl ether, etc., at the optimal carbon-hydrogen ratio.

[0026] As a preferred option, when a membrane reactor is selected as the carbon dioxide hydrogenation reactor, the reaction products and unreacted reactants can be separated by the membrane, thereby improving the conversion efficiency. When a recirculation reactor is selected as the carbon dioxide hydrogenation reactor, after separating the gas and liquid at the reactor outlet, some of the gas can be reintroduced into the reactor through the recirculation component, thereby improving the conversion efficiency.

[0027] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: (1) The system is based on the idea of ​​high-efficiency utilization of the full spectrum of solar energy. Based on the concentrated frequency division technology, it proposes a concentrated frequency division solar energy directional hydrocarbon fuel production system that integrates photovoltaic power generation, water electrolysis hydrogen production, carbon dioxide thermocatalytic hydrogenation, organic working fluid heat storage, direct air capture, water distillation and other functions. It has invented a complete technical process for converting carbon dioxide and water in the air into high-value hydrocarbon fuels. The system has high energy utilization efficiency and comprehensive improvement in energy utilization and management; (2) By combining the solar energy utilization technology of the collector and the spectral splitting technology, the system realizes the process of photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production, thermochemical hydrocarbon fuel preparation and solar thermal energy storage. The system can cover a wide variety of fuels and can adjust to produce different fuel products, with a wide range of applications. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 The material and energy flow diagram of the solar-directed hydrocarbon fuel production system based on concentrated light frequency division provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the solar-based directional hydrocarbon fuel production system based on concentrated light frequency division as described in this invention;

[0030] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the specific wiring connections for a direct air capture device;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the concentrated solar thermal frequency-divided power generation section after the frequency divider and the solar collector are combined.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a concentrated solar power generation section using a dish concentrator. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0034] Figure 2-5 The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1-Concentrating mirror, 2-Frequency divider, 3-Heat collector, 4-Photovoltaic cell, 5-Heat recovery unit, 6-Electrolyzer, 7-Heat storage tank, 8-Water distillation device, 9-Carbon dioxide hydrogenation reactor, 10-Direct air capture device, 11-Liquid frequency divider / heat collector, a, b-Different capture units inside the direct air capture device, α, β-Conversion switches for the capture units of the direct air capture device.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, the system includes a concentrator 1, a frequency divider 2, a solar collector 3, photovoltaic cells 4 of a photovoltaic panel module, a heat recovery unit 5, an electrolyzer 6, a thermal storage tank 7, a water distillation unit 8, a carbon dioxide hydrogenation reactor 9, and a direct air capture unit 10. The material and energy flow diagram of the solar-directed hydrocarbon fuel production system based on concentrated frequency division is provided. Figure 1 Concentrator 1 is a parabolic trough type concentrator used to concentrate and utilize sunlight, providing light energy input to the system. It is horizontally rotated by a motor mounted at the bottom and tracked by a solar tracker.

[0037] Frequency divider 2 is a dichroic frequency divider located on the focusing beam path of concentrator 1. It is used for spectral splitting after light concentration, dividing the incident sunlight into two parts according to a certain range of solar wavelengths. One part is reflected by the dichroic frequency divider and used by the photovoltaic panel to convert it into electrical energy, while the other part is transmitted by the dichroic frequency divider and converted into heat energy to be absorbed by the solar collector.

[0038] Collector 3 absorbs the light energy of the non-photovoltaic response solar spectrum segment split by the frequency divider and converts it into heat energy, which is stored in the heat exchange medium to increase the temperature of the heat exchange medium.

[0039] The photovoltaic (PV) panel module, including PV cells 4 and a heat recovery unit 5, is located on the light path after light concentration. After the solar collector 3 absorbs sunlight at wavelengths not responded to by the PV panel, the PV cells 4 receive the passing light beams to generate electricity. The generated electricity is connected to the electrolyzer 6 to power the electrolysis of water. The PV panel uses monocrystalline silicon, whose spectral response range is between 400-1100 nm, while gallium arsenide (GaAs) cells have a spectral response range between 300-900 nm. Choosing light with wavelengths of 300-900 nm as the PV input achieves higher photoelectric conversion energy and allows for more solar energy to be allocated to the solar collector compared to using the spectral response of monocrystalline silicon cells. Furthermore, since the power output of silicon cells drops sharply above 60°C, and most of the generated heat is low-temperature waste heat, the operating temperature cannot exceed 100°C, as excessively high temperatures will damage the PV cells. Gallium arsenide cells, on the other hand, have better temperature resistance and can even maintain good power output at temperatures as high as 250°C.

[0040] The heat generated after power generation is absorbed by the heat exchange medium in the heat recovery unit 5. The heat exchange medium is heated once by the heat energy of the photovoltaic cell 4 and then heated a second time by the collector 3. The maximum temperature of the heat exchange medium will increase with the operating temperature of the photovoltaic panel, but the flow rate of the heat exchange medium will decrease with the operating temperature of the photovoltaic panel.

[0041] Electrolyzer 6 uses the electrical energy generated by photovoltaic cells and the secondary distilled water from water distillation device 8 to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen. Electrolyzer 6 generates high-pressure hydrogen at the cathode and normal-pressure oxygen at the anode. The collected hydrogen is fed into a thermal reactor.

[0042] The reaction occurring in electrolytic cell 6 is: 2H₂O=O₂↑+2H₂↑

[0043] Using a PEM electrolyzer to produce hydrogen is simple, flexible, and convenient. It responds quickly to input power, can operate under varying loads, and can produce hydrogen with higher purity. The device can also output a higher hydrogen production pressure, which is beneficial for subsequent hydrogen conversion and utilization. A good electrolyzer can achieve a performance of over 85%.

[0044] The heat storage tank 7 is used to store the heat exchange medium. The heat exchange medium, as the heat energy carrier, flows out of the heat storage tank 7, is heated once by the heat recovery device 5 of the photovoltaic panel module, and is heated a second time by the heat collector 3. After heat collection, it flows through the reactor 9, the direct air capture device 10, and the water distillation device 8, and then returns to the heat storage tank 7, where heat energy is absorbed and released through heat exchange.

[0045] The water distillation apparatus 8 uses the heat energy of the heat exchange medium to purify the water obtained from the direct air capture device 10 through distillation. Because the electrolytic cell 6 has certain requirements for water quality, the water that has undergone primary distillation is cooled and then distilled again using the heat energy of the heat exchange medium to produce secondary distilled water. This secondary distilled water is then fed into the electrolytic cell 6 to provide water as a raw material for water electrolysis.

[0046] The carbon dioxide hydrogenation reactor 9, as the core component for hydrocarbon fuel production, receives its inlet gas from hydrogen in the electrolyzer 6 and carbon dioxide released from the direct air capture device 10. A suitable catalyst is selected based on the desired hydrocarbon fuel output. The reaction products can be prepared by setting appropriate ratios of hydrogen and carbon dioxide inlet gases, reaction temperature, and reaction pressure. The heat exchange medium can flow through the thermocatalytic hydrogenation reactor to create or compensate for the temperature environment within the reactor. Due to reaction kinetics, the production of hydrocarbon fuel products requires a high yield under certain high pressures; therefore, the reactor can also withstand a gas pressure of approximately 50 bar.

[0047] The main reaction occurring inside the reactor is: xCO2 + (2x - z + y / 2)H2 = C x H y O z +(2x-z)H2O

[0048] Among them, C x H y O z The hydrocarbon fuel products generated by the reaction include, but are not limited to: methane, methanol, formic acid, ethane, ethanol, acetic acid, dimethyl ether, etc.

[0049] For the reaction to produce methanol, the hydrogen conversion rate is significantly affected by pressure and temperature. High pressure and low temperature are favorable for the CO2 hydrogenation to methanol reaction. Considering both thermodynamics and kinetics, the reaction temperature should be selected in the range of 200–250℃. According to thermodynamic calculations, the hydrogen conversion rate is less than 20% at a reaction pressure of 20 bar and less than 40% at a reaction pressure of 50 bar. Due to thermodynamic limitations, the conversion rate of a single-pass reactor is limited, so it can be improved by using a membrane reactor or a recirculating reactor. However, membrane reactors have high operating costs, so a recirculating reactor is chosen to improve the reaction in terms of conversion rate and product selectivity. At the same time, methanol can be further dehydrated to convert to dimethyl ether, allowing the CO2 hydrogenation to proceed in the forward direction, thereby increasing the product yield.

[0050] The direct air capture device 10 absorbs and captures carbon dioxide and water from the air using a solid adsorbent, thereby removing these substances. The carbon dioxide is released from the solid adsorbent using the heat energy of the heat exchange medium. The carbon dioxide is then fed into a thermocatalytic hydrogenation reactor, while the water is fed into a water distillation unit. Two devices can be arranged, and the alternating capture and release by devices a and b ensures a continuous input of CO2 and H2O to the system. Figure 3 A detailed circuit diagram of the direct air capture device is provided. The device utilizes an integrated circuit switch to achieve alternating input and output functions for devices I and II. When the switch is in position α, device I is released, and device II captures air; when the switch is in position β, device II is released, and device I captures air.

[0051] Depending on the specific direct air capture (DAC) device, it can simultaneously capture and release CO2 and H2O, or it can perform separate capture and release. One DAC device uses an adsorbent to adsorb CO2 and H2O from the air. As air flows through the adsorbent, it acts as an adsorption bed, simultaneously capturing CO2 and H2O. After the adsorbent is heated by a heat exchange medium, it acts as a desorption bed, desorbing CO2 and H2O, forming a carbon dioxide flow path rich in water vapor. The dehydrated carbon dioxide then becomes the carbon dioxide source and water source entering the system. Alternatively, when a DAC device uses both carbon dioxide and water adsorbents to adsorb CO2 and H2O, air flows through adsorption beds formed by the two adsorbents, respectively, adsorbing CO2 and H2O. After the heat exchange medium flows through the carbon dioxide and water adsorbents respectively, CO2 and H2O are desorbed from the adsorbents, forming a carbon dioxide flow path and a water vapor flow path, resulting in the carbon dioxide source and water source entering the system respectively.

[0052] In the desorption process of a direct air capture device, the desorption temperature of carbon dioxide adsorbents can be around 140℃, while that of water adsorbents can be around 80℃. By connecting adsorbents with different desorption temperatures in series with a heat exchange medium, carbon dioxide and water can be desorbed, achieving the cascade utilization of thermal energy.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] The following is for reference only. Figure 4 The present invention will be further described in detail regarding the portion that combines the spectral divider with the solar collector. For example... Figure 4 As shown, it includes a concentrator 1, a liquid frequency divider / collector 11, photovoltaic cells 4 of a photovoltaic panel module, a heat recovery unit 5, and an electrolytic cell 6, wherein:

[0055] Concentrator 1 is a parabolic trough type concentrator used to concentrate and utilize sunlight, providing light energy input to the system. It is horizontally rotated by a motor mounted at the bottom and tracked by a solar tracker.

[0056] The liquid frequency divider / collector 11 is located on the focusing beam path of the concentrating mirror. The liquid heat exchange medium has two functions: first, it absorbs light of a specific wavelength and transmits the photovoltaic response energy into the photovoltaic panel; second, it converts the absorbed light energy into heat energy and stores it in the heat exchange medium to increase the temperature of the heat exchange medium.

[0057] The photovoltaic (PV) panel module, including PV cells 4 and a heat recovery unit 5, is located in the light path after light concentration. After the liquid frequency divider / collector 11 absorbs sunlight at wavelengths not responded to by the PV panel, the PV cells 4 receive the passing light beams to generate electricity. The generated electricity is then connected to the electrolyzer 6 to power the electrolysis of water. The PV panel uses monocrystalline silicon, and the spectral response range of the monocrystalline silicon cells is between 400-1100 nm. The operating temperature cannot exceed 100°C, as excessively high temperatures will damage the PV cells.

[0058] The heat energy generated after power generation is absorbed by the heat exchange medium in the heat recovery unit 5. The heat exchange medium is first heated by the heat energy of the photovoltaic cell 4, and then heated a second time by the liquid frequency divider / collector 11. The maximum temperature of the heat exchange medium will increase with the operating temperature of the photovoltaic panel, but the flow rate of the heat exchange medium will decrease with the operating temperature of the photovoltaic panel.

[0059] Electrolyzer 6 uses electricity generated by photovoltaic cells and secondary distilled water from a water distillation unit to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen. The electrolyzer produces high-pressure hydrogen at the cathode and normal-pressure oxygen at the anode. The collected hydrogen is fed into a thermal reactor.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] See attached document Figure 5 The present invention will now provide a more detailed description of the concentrated solar power generation section using a dish-type concentrator. For example... Figure 5 As shown, it includes a concentrator 1, a liquid frequency divider / collector 11, photovoltaic cells 4 of the photovoltaic panel module, a heat recovery unit 5, and an electrolytic cell 6.

[0062] Concentrator 1 is a dish-type concentrator used to concentrate and utilize sunlight, providing light energy input to the system. It is horizontally flipped by a motor mounted at the bottom and tracked by a solar tracker.

[0063] The liquid frequency divider / collector 11 is located on the focusing beam path of the concentrating mirror. The liquid heat exchange medium has two functions: first, it absorbs light of a specific wavelength and transmits the photovoltaic response energy into the photovoltaic panel; second, it converts the absorbed light energy into heat energy and stores it in the heat exchange medium to increase the temperature of the heat exchange medium.

[0064] The photovoltaic (PV) panel module, including PV cells 4 and a heat recovery unit 5, is located in the light path after light concentration. After the liquid frequency divider / collector b absorbs sunlight at wavelengths not responded to by the PV panel, the PV cells 4 receive the passing light beams to generate electricity. The generated electricity is connected to the electrolyzer 6 to power the electrolysis of water. The PV panel uses gallium arsenide (GaAs), whose spectral response range is between 300-900 nm. Selecting light with wavelengths of 300-900 nm as the PV input achieves higher photoelectric conversion energy and, compared to using the spectral response of monocrystalline silicon cells, allows for a greater share of solar energy to the collector. Furthermore, GaAs cells have good temperature resistance, even maintaining good power output at temperatures as high as 250°C.

[0065] The heat energy generated after power generation is absorbed by the heat exchange medium in the heat recovery unit 5. The heat exchange medium is first heated by the heat energy of the photovoltaic cell 4, and then heated a second time by the liquid frequency divider / collector 11. The maximum temperature of the heat exchange medium will increase with the operating temperature of the photovoltaic panel, but the flow rate of the heat exchange medium will decrease with the operating temperature of the photovoltaic panel.

[0066] Electrolyzer 6 uses electricity generated by photovoltaic cells and secondary distilled water from a water distillation unit to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen. The electrolyzer produces high-pressure hydrogen at the cathode and normal-pressure oxygen at the anode. The collected hydrogen is fed into a thermal reactor.

[0067] The reaction occurring in the electrolytic cell is: 2H₂O=O₂↑+2H₂↑

[0068] Hydrogen production using a PEM electrolyzer is simple, flexible, and convenient. It responds quickly to input power, can operate under varying loads, and can produce hydrogen with higher purity. The device can also output high hydrogen production pressure, which is beneficial for subsequent hydrogen conversion and utilization. A good electrolyzer can achieve a efficiency of over 85%.

Claims

1. A full-spectrum solar-driven air-source capture and directed hydrocarbon fuel production system, characterized in that, It includes a concentrator (1), a frequency divider (2), a collector (3), a photovoltaic module, an electrolyzer (6), a direct air capture device (10), a water distillation device (8), and a carbon dioxide hydrogenation reactor (9); it also includes a heat storage tank (7) for storing the heat exchange medium. The heat exchange medium flowing out of the heat storage tank (7) is heated once by a heat recovery device (5), and then heated a second time by the collector (3) before flowing through the carbon dioxide hydrogenation reactor (9), the direct air capture device (10), the water distillation device (8), and then back to the heat storage tank (7). The frequency divider (2) is located on the focusing beam path of the concentrator (1) and is used to divide the incident sunlight into two parts according to the spectral wavelength range. The beam in the photovoltaic response spectrum range is used for photovoltaic module power generation, and the beam in the non-response spectrum range is converted into heat energy by the collector (3). The photovoltaic module includes a photovoltaic cell (4) and a heat recovery unit (5). The photovoltaic cell (4) is used to receive the light beam of the photovoltaic cell response spectrum range after the frequency divider (2) splits and converts it into electrical energy to power the electrolytic cell (6). The part that is not converted into electrical energy is converted into heat energy and absorbed by the heat exchange medium in the heat recovery unit (5). The direct air capture device (10) uses an adsorbent to absorb and capture CO2 and H2O in the air. After the adsorption is saturated, the adsorbed CO2 and H2O are released by the heat energy of the heat exchange medium. CO2 is passed into the carbon dioxide hydrogenation reactor (9), and H2O is passed into the water distillation device (8) for distillation and purification, and then passed into the electrolytic cell (6). The electrolyzer (6) uses the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic cell (4) and the secondary distilled water from the outlet of the water distillation device (8) to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen. The hydrogen generated at the cathode is fed into the carbon dioxide hydrogenation reactor (9). The carbon dioxide hydrogenation reactor (9) uses the hydrogen prepared by the electrolysis of water in the electrolyzer (6) and the carbon dioxide released by the direct air capture device (10) as reaction raw materials to realize the preparation of hydrocarbon fuel by carbon dioxide hydrogenation. The water distillation device (8) uses the heat energy of the heat exchange medium to distill and purify the water obtained by the direct air capture device (10). After the water is cooled, it is distilled again using the heat energy of the heat exchange medium. The water after the second distillation is directly fed into the electrolytic cell (6).

2. The full-spectrum solar-driven air-source capture and directed hydrocarbon fuel production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The condenser (1) is selected from a slot condenser, a linear Fresnel condenser, a dish condenser or a tower condenser.

3. The full-spectrum solar-driven air-source capture and directed hydrocarbon fuel production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic cell (4) is selected from monocrystalline silicon, flexible gallium arsenide, gallium arsenide or triple-junction gallium arsenide, and the maximum temperature adjustment range of the photovoltaic panel is between 20°C and 120°C.

4. The full-spectrum solar-driven air-source capture and directed hydrocarbon fuel production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrocarbon fuels include methane, methanol, formic acid, ethane, ethanol, acetic acid, and dimethyl ether.

5. A full-spectrum solar-driven air-source capture and directed hydrocarbon fuel production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frequency divider (2) is selected from various dichroic frequency dividers, prisms or liquid absorption frequency dividers.

6. The full-spectrum solar-driven air-source capture and directed hydrocarbon fuel production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the direct air capture device (10), CO2 and H2O are captured simultaneously or separately.

7. The full-spectrum solar-driven air-source capture and directed hydrocarbon fuel production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrolytic cell (6) is selected from alkaline electrolytic cells, proton exchange membrane electrolytic cells, anion exchange membrane electrolytic cells, or solid electrolytic cells.

8. The full-spectrum solar-driven air-source capture and directed hydrocarbon fuel production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon dioxide hydrogenation reactor (9) is selected from a single-pass reactor, a membrane reactor, or a recirculation reactor.

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