A ship structure platform lightening hole based on optimized design of anti-falling square steel

Abstract

The application discloses a ship structure platform lightening hole based on optimization design of anti-falling square steel, which comprises a platform plate, and a plurality of lightening hole groups are distributed on the platform plate; each lightening hole group contains a plurality of first lightening holes; the first lightening holes are in the shape of long strip waist holes; the first lightening holes are arranged in parallel on the platform plate in the same direction; the platform plate between two adjacent first lightening holes in the lightening hole group forms a support strip plate; the platform plate between the lightening hole groups forms a spacing strip plate; the support strip plate, the spacing strip plate and the platform plate are located on the same plane; the plurality of lightening hole groups form a grid-shaped water-permeable hole plate on the surface of the platform plate; and the outer contour of the lightening hole group formed by the plurality of first lightening holes is in the shape of a rounded rectangle. Through the optimization design, the manufacturing drawing and the installation drawing of the anti-falling square steel in the related area are cancelled, the design task of a production designer is reduced, the welding of the anti-falling square steel on a section and the galvanizing and painting of the anti-falling square steel are reduced in production, and the process is simplified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ship component technology, specifically to a ship structural platform with reduced hole size based on optimized design of anti-fall square steel. Background Technology

[0002] In the early design stage, the design of the parent ship was adopted, and a relief hole of about 400*700 was opened on the bow and stern tip tanks and the side ballast tank platform. Galvanized anti-fall square steel was installed on the relief hole to ensure the safety of personnel passing through. This design increased the manufacturing and installation cost of the anti-fall square steel. For example, the application number CN201721906191.3 disclosed a ship relief hole protection device applied to the field of ship parts technology. The main support bar I (1) and the main support bar II (2) of the ship relief hole protection device are connected by transverse connecting bar I (3) and transverse connecting bar II (4). Multiple internal support bars (5) are set between transverse connecting bar I (3) and transverse connecting bar II (4). The transverse connecting bar I (3) is set as a protruding C-shaped structure, and the transverse connecting bar II (4) is set as a protruding C-shaped structure. The protruding direction of the transverse connecting bar I (3) is set as the opposite of the protruding direction of the transverse connecting bar II (4). Its drawbacks are: it increases the amount of welding work, and there is a risk of tripping while people walk around. In addition, it is difficult to protect the paint at the welded parts between the square steel and the platform, and it is prone to rust.

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, prior art application CN201020254230.8 discloses a ship stress-relief hole. This involves an improvement in the shape of the stress-relief hole, which both reduces hull stress and prevents personnel from falling. Ships have ballast tank platforms, empty tank platforms, or oil tank platforms, and the stress-relief hole penetrates the platform surface, forming a fence-like structure. This invention designs the stress-relief hole at personnel passage points as a fence-like (floor drain) type. This technology achieves both stress relief and fall prevention by machining a relatively dense network of stress-relief holes on the platform plate. This also ensures efficient use of material within the stress-relief hole, saves material for the fall prevention structure, and reduces the workload of installation, welding, and grinding of the fall prevention structure. However, its drawback is that after the platform plate is machined with dense relief holes, the shear resistance and yield strength of the platform plate are significantly reduced. Considering the need to maintain the strength of the hull while also having good water flow performance, it is necessary to propose a ship structure platform relief hole based on the optimized design of anti-fall square steel to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned technical problems by providing a method for reducing the hole size of a ship structure platform based on an optimized design of anti-fall square steel.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a ship structure platform with mitigation holes based on the optimized design of anti-fall square steel, comprising a platform plate, wherein a plurality of mitigation hole groups are distributed on the platform plate, each mitigation hole group contains a plurality of first mitigation holes, the first mitigation holes are elongated waist-shaped holes, and the first mitigation holes are arranged parallel to each other in the same direction on the platform plate, the platform plate between two adjacent first mitigation holes in the mitigation hole group forms a support strip, and the platform plates between the mitigation hole groups form a spacer strip, so that the formed support strip, spacer strip and platform plate are located on the same plane;

[0006] A plurality of light-reducing hole groups form a grid-like permeable perforated plate on the surface of the platform plate; the major axis of the light-reducing hole group is 700mm, the minor axis is 400mm, and the outer contour of the light-reducing hole group composed of multiple first light-reducing holes is a rounded rectangle.

[0007] Furthermore, the first lightening hole includes an outer ring diameter, an inner ring diameter, and an inner-outer drop height. The plane containing the outer ring diameter is flush with the surface of the platform plate. An oblique surface is formed between the inner ring diameter and the outer ring diameter. The inner-outer drop height is the vertical drop height between the outer ring diameter and the inner ring diameter.

[0008] Furthermore, the double-layered platform plate constitutes a platform module, the double-layered platform plate includes a lower plate and an upper plate, a support space is provided between the lower plate and the upper plate, and a reinforcing structure is provided in the support space.

[0009] Furthermore, the reinforcing structure includes several reinforcing trusses disposed within the support space. The reinforcing trusses are disposed perpendicular to the long axis of the lightening hole group. Each reinforcing truss includes a V-shaped support bar and a support partition. The inner side of the V-shaped support bar is provided with support partitions perpendicular to the inner walls on both sides of the V-shaped support bar. Several support partitions are evenly arranged along the length of the V-shaped support bar.

[0010] Furthermore, the support partition is provided with a second relief hole, the opening angle between the two side walls of the V-shaped support strip is 30-50°, and the side wall of the V-shaped support strip is provided with a third relief hole, which is located in the middle of two adjacent support partitions.

[0011] Furthermore, the corner edges of the V-shaped support strip are staggered with water-permeable seam holes, and a support partition is set between two adjacent water-permeable seam holes. The extension direction of the water-permeable seam holes is the mirror centerline direction of the two sides of the V-shaped support strip.

[0012] Furthermore, the front edges of the support partition are connected to the inner walls of the V-shaped support strips on both sides, and the rear edge of the support partition is a rounded edge.

[0013] Furthermore, the lower plate is provided with limiting edges, which are arranged in pairs, and the distance between the two limiting edges matches the opening distance of the two long sides of the V-shaped support bar; the upper ends of the two limiting edges are provided with locking edges, and the outer sides of the two long sides of the V-shaped support bar are provided with locking claws, which are engaged in the locking edges to form a fixation, and the two long sides of the V-shaped support bar and the rear edge of the support partition are elastic deformation edges.

[0014] Furthermore, the lower end face of the upper plate is provided with a limiting rod corresponding to the position of the water-permeable seam.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] 1. Through the optimized design of this invention, the manufacturing and installation drawings of the anti-fall square steel in the relevant area are eliminated, reducing the design task of the production designer. At the same time, the production process is simplified by reducing the welding, galvanizing and painting of the anti-fall square steel in sections.

[0017] 2. The support strips and spacer strips formed on the platform are directly processed on the platform, so the surfaces of the three are all flush, thus avoiding the danger of workers tripping when installing anti-fall square steel in the hole as in the prior art.

[0018] 3. The outer and inner diameters are formed in the first relief hole, and a bevel is formed between them, which can greatly increase the outer stiffness of the hole edge and thus improve the load-bearing capacity of the overall structure.

[0019] 4. In the embodiment, a double-layer platform plate is set, and a support space is set between the two. By strengthening the setting of the stringers, the platform support strength in the relevant area is greatly enhanced, and the shear resistance and yield resistance are improved. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the platform for reducing holes in the prior art;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a ship structure platform with reduced hole size based on optimized design of anti-fall square steel according to this application;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a top view of the platform reducing the hole in this application;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first lightening hole in this application;

[0024] Figure 5 For this application Figure 4 Schematic diagram of section AA;

[0025] Figure 6This is an isometric view of the third embodiment in this application;

[0026] Figure 7 This is an exploded top view of the third embodiment in this application;

[0027] Figure 8 This is an exploded view from a low angle of view of the third embodiment in this application;

[0028] Figure 9 This is a perspective view of the reinforcing truss in this application;

[0029] Figure 10 This is a side view of the upper and lower panels in this application;

[0030] In the diagram: 1. Platform plate; 2. Lightening hole group; 3. First lightening hole; 4. Support strip plate; 5. Spacer strip plate; 6. Outer contour; 7. Outer ring diameter; 8. Inner ring diameter; 9. Height difference between inner and outer rings; 10. Beveled surface; 11. Lower plate; 12. Upper plate; 13. Support space; 14. Reinforcing truss; 15. V-shaped support strip; 16. Support partition plate; 17. Second lightening hole; 18. Third lightening hole; 19. Water-permeable seam hole; 20. Rounded edge; 21. Limiting edge; 22. Clamping edge; 23. Clamping claw; 24. Elastic deformation edge; 25. Limiting rod; 26. Lightening hole; 27. Anti-fall square steel. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0032] Following traditional designs, such as Figure 1 As shown, approximately 400*700mm relief holes 26 are opened on the bow and stern tip tanks and the side ballast tank platforms, and galvanized anti-fall square steel 27 is installed on these relief holes to ensure personnel safety. This design increases the manufacturing and installation cost of the anti-fall square steel 27. Furthermore, because this node is shown on the structural and outfitting drawings, and the manufacturing and installation diagrams are in the outfitting drawings, it is often omitted or incorrectly installed on site. Additionally, the flatness of this type of anti-fall square steel with the platform plate 1 is poor, easily tripping personnel. First, the functions of the relief holes 26 and the anti-fall square steel 27 need to be clarified. The relief holes serve to facilitate water flow within the ballast tanks; the anti-fall square steel is to prevent personnel from falling when walking in the opening area. However, due to the poor flatness of the anti-fall square steel, it is easy for personnel to trip. After optimizing the structural openings, making them elongated strips or small round holes combines the anti-fall and relief functions into one, eliminating the need for the anti-fall square steel.

[0033] Example 1:

[0034] Specifically, a ship structural platform with lightening holes based on an optimized design of anti-fall square steel includes a platform plate 1, on which a plurality of lightening hole groups 2 are distributed, such as... Figure 2 As shown; each light-reducing hole group 2 contains multiple first light-reducing holes 3, which are elongated waist-shaped holes. The first light-reducing holes 3 are all arranged parallel to each other in the same direction on the platform plate 1, as shown. Figure 2 As shown, several uniformly distributed first light-reducing holes 3 are formed on the platform plate 1, compared to Figure 1 As shown, the total opening area of ​​the first relief hole 3 is relatively... Figure 1 Larger and more densely and evenly distributed, they allow for better water flow.

[0035] Within the light-reducing hole group 2, a support strip 4 is formed between two adjacent first light-reducing holes 3 on the platform plate 1. A spacer strip 5 is formed between the platform plates 1 in the light-reducing hole group 2, ensuring that the support strip 4, spacer strip 5, and platform plate 1 are on the same plane. Since the platform plate 1 itself is the processing object, the spacer strip 5 and support strip 4 formed after the first light-reducing holes 3 are processed are identical to the surface of the original platform plate 1. Figure 1 The central anti-fall square steel 27 is installed vertically to the surface of the platform plate 1, while the surfaces of the support strip 4 and the spacer strip 5 formed in this embodiment are parallel to the surface of the platform plate 1. Therefore, when stepping on either surface, Figure 1 The contact pressure of the anti-fall square steel shown is relatively large, while this embodiment is a surface contact, which can reduce the contact pressure, thereby allowing the pressure generated on the upper side to be distributed more evenly at the first relief hole 3.

[0036] A plurality of light-reducing hole groups 2 form a grid-like permeable perforated plate on the surface of the platform plate 1; the major axis of the light-reducing hole group 2 is 700mm, the minor axis is 400mm, and the outer contour 6 of the light-reducing hole group 2 formed by multiple first light-reducing holes 3 is a rounded rectangle. The shape of each group of light-reducing hole groups 2 on the platform plate 1 is as follows. Figure 2 The rounded rectangle shown by the dashed line has multiple first relief holes 3 inside. In this embodiment, the length and width of the relief hole group 2 are close to those of the relief hole 26 in the prior art. In this embodiment, the relief hole group 2 can be distributed more densely.

[0037] Example 2:

[0038] like Figure 4 As shown, the first light-reducing hole 3 includes an outer diameter 7, an inner diameter 8, and an inner-outer drop height 9. The plane containing the outer diameter 7 is flush with the surface of the platform plate 1. A chamfered surface 10 is formed between the inner diameter 8 and the outer diameter 7. The inner-outer drop height 9 is the vertical drop height between the outer diameter 7 and the inner diameter 8. Traditional light-reducing holes are processed using a pressure-shearing process; therefore, after the hole is opened, a flange will be formed in the structure, such as... Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, a chamfered surface 10 is formed by a flange. The flange can significantly increase the out-of-plane stiffness of the hole edge, which can indirectly improve the buckling bearing capacity of the structure, while the opening can also achieve lightweight design. The first lightening hole 3 can be described by three variables, where D1 is the outer diameter 7, D2 is the inner diameter 8, and DH is the height difference between the inner and outer sides 9.

[0039] After performing explicit post-buckling analysis on the structure, its ultimate bearing capacity was found to be 3761 kN, corresponding to a platform plate 1 weight of 81.8 kg. Compared to the initial design, this embodiment achieves weight reduction while improving the ultimate bearing capacity of the structure due to the out-of-plane stiffness provided by the flange.

[0040] Since the minor axis width of the outer contour 6 is the same, the traditional space for lightening holes is limited. Considering the characteristics of the stamping process, this embodiment proposes a first lightening hole 3 structure with a beveled surface 10. In this embodiment, the length variable L in the first lightening hole 3 can be changed, such as... Figure 3 As shown, each outer contour 6 has three first relief holes 3 along the minor axis direction. Alternatively, the length of L can be reduced so that two first relief holes 3 are provided along the major axis direction within the outer contour 6. Explicit post-buckling analysis of this embodiment shows that the first relief holes 3 are machined into a chamfered surface 10, which can improve the out-of-plane stiffness of the platform plate 1 to a certain extent, thereby achieving structural weight reduction while slightly increasing the ultimate bearing capacity of the structure.

[0041] Example 3:

[0042] like Figure 6 As shown, in order to further improve the load-bearing capacity and strength of the platform, this embodiment uses a double-layer platform plate 1 to form a platform module. The double-layer platform plate 1 includes a lower plate 11 and an upper plate 12. A support space 13 is provided between the lower plate 11 and the upper plate 12. A reinforcing structure is provided in the support space 13.

[0043] Specifically, such as Figure 7 , 8 As shown, the reinforcing structure includes several reinforcing stringers 14 disposed within the support space 13. The reinforcing stringers 14 are arranged perpendicular to the long axis of the lightening hole group 2, as shown below. Figure 9As shown, the reinforcing truss 14 includes a V-shaped support bar 15 and a support partition 16. The V-shaped support bar 15 is formed by two symmetrical side plates, creating a V-shaped structure. The included angle between the openings of the two side walls of the V-shaped support bar 15 is 30-50°. In use, it is inverted within the support space 13. Because the V-shaped support bar 15 resembles a triangular prism, its installation on the two platform plate 1 supports can greatly improve the overall axial stiffness, thereby increasing the load-bearing capacity of the platform structure. Furthermore, the support partition 16 is installed perpendicular to the inner walls of the V-shaped support bar 15 on its inner side. The support partition 16 can reinforce and fix the two sides of the V-shaped support bar 15, preventing the entire structure from bending. Figure 9 As shown, several support partitions 16 are evenly arranged along the length of the V-shaped support strips 15.

[0044] Furthermore, since the platform plate 1 needs to maintain good water permeability during actual use, and in order to reduce weight, in this embodiment, the supporting partition 16 is provided with a second weight-reducing hole 17. The second weight-reducing hole 17 is similar in shape to the supporting partition 16, and is a rounded triangle. Its front two sides are parallel to the two sides of the supporting partition 16, so that the supporting partition can provide support while maintaining the axial water permeability of the reinforcing stringer 14.

[0045] The V-shaped support strip 15 has a third relief hole 18 on its side wall. The third relief hole 18 is located in the middle of two adjacent support partitions 16. The third relief hole 18 allows water to pass through the V-shaped support strip 15 more easily in the vertical direction. This allows water to pass through better when the water level rises and allows water to fall completely off the reinforcing truss 14 when the water level drops, reducing the amount of water trapped in the structure, which is conducive to rapid drying and prevents corrosion. The reinforcing truss 14 is set in an inverted shape with its opening facing downward in the support space 13. The corner edge of the V-shaped support strip 15 and the long sides on both sides form a triangular stable structure. When it is placed in the support space 13, it can form a good reinforcement support effect between the lower plate 11 and the upper plate 12. The support partitions 16 set in the V-shaped support strip 15 can better stabilize the two side walls of the V-shaped support strip.

[0046] like Figure 7 , 9As shown, the V-shaped support strip 15 has staggered water-permeable seam holes 19 on both sides of its corner edge. A support partition 16 is set between two adjacent water-permeable seam holes 19. The extension direction of the water-permeable seam holes 19 is the mirror centerline direction of the two sides of the V-shaped support strip 15. The water-permeable seam holes 19 on both sides are set close to the corner edge of the V-shaped support strip 15, and the through direction of the water-permeable seam holes 19 is perpendicular to the platform plate 1. The water permeability can prevent water vapor from remaining at the inner tip of the V-shaped support strip 15, and airflow can pass through the water-permeable seam holes 19, so that water vapor will not accumulate at the inner tip. Secondly, a limiting rod 25 corresponding to the position of the water permeable seam is protruding from the lower end face of the upper plate 12. Figure 8 As shown, during installation, the limiting rod 25 can be inserted into part of the water-permeable seam hole 19 to firmly fix the upper plate 12 and the reinforcing truss 14.

[0047] Furthermore, the front edges of the support partition 16 are connected to the inner walls of the V-shaped support strip 15 on both sides, and the rear edge of the support partition 16 is an arc edge 20. The two long sides of the V-shaped support strip 15 and the rear edge of the support partition 16 form an elastic deformation edge 24. In actual use, the V-shaped support strip 15 is formed by bending a steel plate of moderate thickness, and the arc edge of the support partition 16 does not cover all sides of the V-shaped support strip 15, but leaves a certain gap between the arc edge 20 and the edge of the V-shaped support strip, which facilitates a certain deformation during insertion. The V-shaped support strip 15 can more easily be inserted into the locking edge 22 using this elastic edge.

[0048] Specifically, the lower plate 11 is provided with a limiting edge 21, and the limiting edges 21 are arranged in pairs, such as... Figure 10 As shown, the spacing between the two limiting flanges 21 is equal to the distance between the openings of the long sides of the V-shaped support bar 15. Therefore, when the upper plate 12 bears a large load, it can be transferred between the upper plate 12 and the lower plate 11 through the reinforcing truss 14 structure. When the pressure of the upper plate 12 acts on the two side plates of the V-shaped support bar 15, the two limiting flanges 21 on the outer side can provide good support for the two sides of the V-shaped support bar. In addition, the upper ends of the two limiting flanges 21 are provided with locking flanges 22, and the outer sides of the long sides of the V-shaped support bar 15 are provided with claws 23. The claws 23 are locked into the locking flanges 22 to form a fixation. During installation, the claws 23 utilize the certain deformation capacity of the elastic deformation flange 24. When the V-shaped support bar 15 is pressed down, the two claws 23 slightly retract inward, so that the claws 23 cross the locking flanges 22 and are firmly locked in the support partition 16, thereby connecting and fixing the reinforcing truss 14 to the lower plate 11 on the lower side.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lightweighting hole for a ship structural platform based on optimized design of anti-fall square steel, comprising a platform plate (1), characterized in that, The platform plate (1) is provided with a number of light-reducing hole groups (2), each light-reducing hole group (2) contains a number of first light-reducing holes (3), the first light-reducing holes (3) are in the shape of elongated waist holes, the first light-reducing holes (3) are all arranged parallel to each other in the same direction on the platform plate (1), the platform plate (1) between two adjacent first light-reducing holes (3) in the light-reducing hole group (2) forms a support strip (4), the platform plate (1) between the light-reducing hole groups (2) forms a spacer strip (5), so that the formed support strip (4), spacer strip (5) and platform plate (1) are located on the same plane; A plurality of light-reducing hole groups (2) form a grid-like permeable hole plate on the surface of the platform plate (1); the major axis of the light-reducing hole group (2) is 700mm and the minor axis is 400mm, and the outer contour (6) of the light-reducing hole group (2) composed of multiple first light-reducing holes (3) is a rounded rectangle. The double-layered platform plate (1) constitutes a platform module. The double-layered platform plate (1) includes a lower plate (11) and an upper plate (12). A support space (13) is provided between the lower plate (11) and the upper plate (12). A reinforcing structure is provided in the support space (13). The reinforcing structure includes several reinforcing trusses (14) arranged in the support space (13). The reinforcing trusses (14) are arranged perpendicular to the long axis of the lightening hole group (2). The reinforcing trusses (14) include V-shaped support bars (15) and support partitions (16). The inner side of the V-shaped support bar (15) is perpendicular to the inner walls of both sides of the V-shaped support bar (15) and the support partitions (16) are arranged in a plurality of evenly arranged along the length of the V-shaped support bar (15). The support partition (16) is provided with a second relief hole (17), and the opening angle between the two side walls of the V-shaped support strip (15) is 30-50°. The side wall of the V-shaped support strip (15) is provided with a third relief hole (18), and the third relief hole (18) is located in the middle position of two adjacent support partitions (16). The V-shaped support strip (15) has water-permeable seam holes (19) staggered on both sides of the corner edge, and a support partition (16) is set between two adjacent water-permeable seam holes (19). The extension direction of the water-permeable seam holes (19) is the mirror centerline direction of the two sides of the V-shaped support strip (15). The front edges of the support partition (16) are connected to the inner walls of the V-shaped support strip (15) on both sides, and the rear edge of the support partition (16) is an arc edge (20). The lower plate (11) is provided with a limiting edge (21), the limiting edges (21) are arranged in pairs, and the distance between the two limiting edges (21) is matched with the distance between the openings of the two long sides of the V-shaped support strip (15); the upper ends of the two limiting edges (21) are provided with a locking edge (22), and the outer sides of the two long sides of the V-shaped support strip (15) are provided with a locking claw (23), the locking claw (23) is inserted into the locking edge (22) to form a fixed position, and the two long sides of the V-shaped support strip (15) and the rear edge of the support partition (16) are elastic deformation edges (24).

2. The lightweighting hole for a ship structure platform based on optimized design of anti-fall square steel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first lightening hole (3) includes an outer ring diameter (7), an inner ring diameter (8), and an inner-outer drop height (9). The plane containing the outer ring diameter (7) is flush with the surface of the platform plate (1). An oblique surface (10) is formed between the inner ring diameter (8) and the outer ring diameter (7). The inner-outer drop height (9) is the vertical drop height between the outer ring diameter (7) and the inner ring diameter (8).

3. The lightweighting hole for a ship structure platform based on optimized design of anti-fall square steel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end face of the upper plate (12) is provided with a limiting rod (25) corresponding to the position of the water-permeable seam.

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