Variable stiffness composite cross stop with protective function

Abstract

A variable stiffness composite lateral stop with protective function includes a base plate, a rubber body, a wear plate, and a cover plate. The base plate, rubber body, and wear plate are vulcanized into a whole, and the cover plate is assembled at the center of the bottom end of the vulcanized whole. The wear plate and the rubber body are both frustum-shaped, with a through hole along the axial direction at the center of the frustum of the rubber body. The wear plate is located within this through hole. The base plate also has a through hole at its center, and the cover plate is installed at the through hole of the base plate. A stepped hole is also provided near the edge of the base plate's through hole, into which rubber flows to form an anti-detachment buckle. Even if the bond between the frustum-shaped wear plate and the rubber body separates after vulcanization, the wear plate will not detach from the rubber body. Simultaneously, the anti-detachment buckle connected to the rubber body also prevents the rubber body from falling off.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a composite lateral stop, specifically a variable stiffness composite lateral stop with protective function. Background Technology

[0002] Composite rubber stops are commonly used rubber-metal composite vibration damping and limiting components. Structurally, they typically consist of a vulcanized base plate, a rubber body, and a wear plate. They are widely used in various vibration damping and limiting applications, especially in the bogies of rail vehicles, primarily bearing vertical and shear loads. During use, to bear vertical loads, the lateral stops must meet the requirements for large variable stiffness. Furthermore, during the operation of rail vehicles, lateral movement frequently occurs, leading to the wear plate detaching from the rubber body, and even the rubber body detaching from the base plate. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the stability of existing composite lateral stops.

[0003] As in the previous invention application CN202110985131.X entitled "A Lateral Stop with High Stability," a conical boss is provided at the bottom of the wear plate to form an inverted connection between the wear plate and the rubber body, thereby preventing the wear plate from detaching from the rubber body. However, this solution cannot prevent the rubber body from detaching from the base plate.

[0004] Another example is the invention patent previously filed by the applicant, application number CN201910806560.9, entitled "A Nonlinear Variable Stiffness Composite Rubber Stop Method and Composite Rubber Stop," which sets the wear plate into a T-shaped structure, forming an inner boss inside the rubber body. After the rubber deforms, the inner boss pushes against the bottom plate to form a hard stop. However, this structure cannot prevent the wear plate and rubber body from falling off, nor can it achieve a large variable stiffness.

[0005] Another example is the invention patent previously filed by the applicant, application number CN201911095413.1, entitled "Method for Improving the Overall Performance of Lateral Stops in Rail Vehicles and Lateral Stops," which also uses a T-shaped wear plate and a similar frustum-shaped rubber body vulcanized into a lateral stop. Although this structure can achieve a large variable stiffness, it cannot prevent the wear plate and rubber body from detaching.

[0006] It is evident that while each of the aforementioned lateral stops can achieve a certain effect, none can simultaneously satisfy the requirements of preventing detachment and large changes in stiffness, nor can they be integrated. Therefore, a completely new structure is needed that can achieve all of the above functions. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a variable stiffness composite lateral stop with protective functions, which can prevent the wear plate and rubber body from falling off during use, and also achieve a large variable stiffness.

[0008] The technical means adopted by this invention to solve the above problems is as follows: a variable stiffness composite lateral stop with protective function, comprising a base plate, a rubber body, a wear plate, and a cover plate. The base plate, rubber body, and wear plate are vulcanized into a whole, and the cover plate is assembled at the center of the bottom end of the vulcanized whole. The wear plate is frustum-shaped, and the rubber body is also frustum-shaped, with a through hole along the axial direction at the center of the frustum of the rubber body. The wear plate is located within the through hole of the rubber body. A through hole is also provided at the center of the base plate, and the cover plate is installed at the through hole of the base plate. A stepped hole is also provided near the edge of the through hole on the base plate, into which rubber flows to form an anti-detachment buckle. Even if the bond between the frustum-shaped wear plate and the rubber body separates after vulcanization, the wear plate will not detach from the rubber body; simultaneously, the anti-detachment buckle connected to the rubber body prevents the rubber body from detaching.

[0009] Furthermore, the stepped holes on the base plate are four evenly distributed in a circumferential direction, and correspondingly, the anti-detachment buckles on the rubber body are also four evenly distributed.

[0010] Furthermore, the end of the stepped hole furthest from the rubber body is a large hole, and the end closest to the rubber body is a small hole, with the ratio of the diameter of the small hole to the diameter of the large hole being 0.5.

[0011] Furthermore, the ratio of the diameter of the anti-slip buckle at the small hole to the outer diameter of the bottom end of the rubber body is 0.1~0.2, so that the anti-slip function can be performed after the replacement standard is met.

[0012] Furthermore, the ratio of the distance between the edge of the anti-slip buckle and the contact of the rubber body and the outer side of the bottom end of the rubber body to the outer diameter of the bottom end of the rubber body is 0.1.

[0013] Furthermore, a downward-protruding circular stop is provided at the center of the bottom of the wear plate; a retaining ring protruding towards the center is provided on the inner wall of the through hole of the rubber body. After vulcanization, the circular stop is located inside the retaining ring, and the bottom of the circular stop separates from the retaining ring. The retaining ring provides support for the wear plate, realizing the functions of preventing detachment, varying stiffness, and three-way limiting.

[0014] Furthermore, the ratio of the height of the retaining ring to the height of the circular stop is 1.3 to 1.5, so that the variable stiffness function of the retaining ring can be exerted before the hard stop function is activated.

[0015] Furthermore, the retaining ring has a structure where the lower opening is larger than the upper opening, and the included angle between the two sides on the same radial direction on the inner side is 6°~10°, so as to facilitate the mold ejection.

[0016] Furthermore, the diameter of the bottom of the circular stop is smaller than the diameter of the end connected to the wear plate body, and the included angle between the two sides on the same radial direction on the outer side is 10°~15°, so as to facilitate the mold release.

[0017] Furthermore, the ratio of the inner diameter at the lower opening of the retaining ring to the outer diameter at the bottom of the circular stop is 1.3 to 1.5, in order to prevent the retaining ring from being sheared by the circular stop and the cover plate, which could lead to premature cracking during its service life.

[0018] Furthermore, a stop hole is provided at the center of the cover plate, and the diameter of the stop hole is larger than the diameter of the circular stop. When the circular stop falls into the stop hole, a three-way stop is achieved.

[0019] Furthermore, the ratio of the inner diameter of the stop hole to the outer diameter of the bottom of the circular stop is 1.2.

[0020] Furthermore, the bottom plate has an annular boss inside the through hole, and the cover plate has an annular step on the edge, with the annular step engaging with the annular boss.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention sets the wear plate in the shape of a frustum of a circle, so that it will not fall off the rubber body after being vulcanized into a whole; it also sets a stepped hole in the bottom plate, and the rubber body forms an anti-detachment buckle at the stepped hole, which prevents the rubber body from falling off and ensures the stability of the composite lateral stop.

[0022] 2. This invention provides a circular stop at the bottom of the wear plate and a stop hole at the center of the cover plate. When the vertical load is large and the vertical displacement increases, the circular stop falls into the stop hole, thereby enabling the vehicle to achieve three-way limiting functions in the vertical, lateral and longitudinal directions.

[0023] 3. This invention features a modular, replaceable cover plate at the bottom. By replacing the cover plate with different sizes and specifications, the variable stiffness performance and the three-dimensional limiting range can be freely adjusted. Increasing the thickness of the bottom plate allows the rubber to contact the bottom plate earlier, thus achieving variable stiffness sooner. Furthermore, by increasing or decreasing the diameter of the stop hole in the cover plate, the vertical and longitudinal limiting ranges of the lateral stop can be adjusted. This significantly expands the applicability of the lateral stop. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the transverse stop in Embodiment 1; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Diagram showing the view from below; Figure 4 This is a bottom view of the base plate in Example 1; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cover plate structure in Embodiment 1; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the rubber body structure in Example 1; Figure 7 for Figure 6 Cross-sectional view; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the wear plate structure in Example 1; In the diagram: 1. Base plate, 11. Mounting hole, 12. Stepped hole, 13. Through hole, 14. Annular boss, 2. Cover plate, 21. Annular step, 22. Stop hole, 3. Rubber body, 31. Retaining ring, 32. Anti-detachment buckle, 33. Rubber body, 4. Wear plate, 41. Positioning hole, 42. Circular stop, 43. Wear plate body. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are for illustrative purposes only, representing schematic diagrams rather than actual physical objects, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent. To better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some components in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual dimensions of the product. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings. Example 1

[0026] A variable stiffness composite lateral stop with protective function, such as Figures 1-3 As shown, the assembly comprises a base plate 1, a rubber body 3, a wear plate 4, and a cover plate 2. The base plate 1, rubber body 3, and wear plate 4 are vulcanized and bonded together, and the cover plate 2 is assembled at the center of the base plate 1. To prevent the wear plate 4 from separating from the rubber body 3 during use, the wear plate 4 is designed with a frustum shape, so that the wear plate 4 is surrounded within the conical space of the rubber body 3. Even if the bond between the wear plate 4 and the rubber body 3 fails, the wear plate 4 will not fall out.

[0027] like Figure 4 As shown, the base plate 1 has mounting holes 11 at its edge to mount the entire transverse stop onto the vehicle, and a through hole 13 at its center. An annular boss 14 is located at the bottom edge of the through hole 13. Correspondingly, as... Figure 5 As shown, an annular step 21 is provided on the outer periphery of the cover plate 2. After the cover plate 2 is assembled into the through hole 13 of the bottom plate, the annular step 21 cooperates with the annular boss 14 to limit the position of the cover plate 2.

[0028] Still Figure 4 As shown, a stepped hole 12 is provided at the outer edge of the annular boss 14 of the base plate 1. In this embodiment, four stepped holes 12 are evenly arranged. The end of the stepped hole 12 closer to the rubber body 3 is a large hole, and the end closer to the rubber body 3 is a small hole. The diameter ratio between the small hole and the large hole is 1:2. During the vulcanization process, as... Figure 6 As shown, the rubber of the rubber body 3 enters the stepped hole 12 to form an anti-detachment buckle 32, and as... Figure 7As shown, the ratio of the rubber diameter d at the small hole of the anti-detachment buckle 32 to the outer diameter D at the bottom of the rubber body 33 is d:D=0.1~0.2, and the ratio of the distance S between the edge of the anti-detachment buckle 32 and the outer side of the bottom of the rubber body 33 to the outer diameter D of the bottom of the rubber body 33 is s:D=0.1, so as to ensure that the anti-detachment buckle 32 can achieve the effect of preventing the rubber body 3 from falling off.

[0029] like Figure 2 and Figure 8 As shown, a positioning hole 41 is provided at the center of the top of the wear plate 4 to position the wear plate 4 during vulcanization. A circular stop 42 extending downwards is provided at the center of the bottom plate of the wear plate 4, and the diameter of the bottom end of the circular stop 42 is smaller than the diameter at the end connected to the wear plate body 43. The included angle b between the two sides of the stop 42 on the same radial direction on its outer side is 10°~15° to facilitate demolding after vulcanization. Accordingly, as Figure 7 As shown, a stepped retaining ring 31 is provided at the center of the rubber body 3. The retaining ring 31 has a flared structure with a smaller upper end and a larger lower end. The included angle α between the two sides on the same radial direction on its inner side is 6°~10°, which also facilitates the mold release after vulcanization. The ratio of the height A of the retaining ring 31 to the height B of the circular stop 42 is A:B=1.3~1.5, so that the variable stiffness of the retaining ring 31 can be activated before the lateral stop reaches its hard stop function. The ratio of the inner diameter E at the lower opening of the retaining ring 31 to the outer diameter F at the bottom of the circular stop 42 is E:F=1.3~1.5, so as to prevent the retaining ring 31 from being sheared by the circular stop 42 and the cover plate 2, causing it to crack before its service life. At the same time, the above structure separates the bottom of the circular stop 42 from the bottom of the retaining ring 31, preventing the rubber body 3 from blocking the path of the hard stop of the wear plate 4 during deformation, and also preventing the rubber from tearing during deformation. Moreover, as Figure 5 As shown, a stop hole 22 is provided at the center of the cover plate 2. When the lateral stop undergoes large deformation, the circular stop 42 falls into the stop hole 22, realizing the three-way limiting function. The distance H between the bottom of the circular stop 42 and the lower end face of the base plate 1 is the hard stop clearance of the lateral stop, which can be selected according to the actual operating conditions of the vehicle.

[0030] like Figure 7As shown, the rubber at the top of the rubber body 3 has a gentle slope, while the rubber on the sides has a steeper slope. This allows for sufficient deformation space during small rubber displacements, achieving a relatively low axial stiffness to meet vehicle operation requirements. When the axial deformation reaches a certain level, the retaining ring 31 contacts the cover plate 2, and the wear plate 4 and cover plate 2 compress this portion of the rubber. Simultaneously, because the circular stop 42 obstructs the rubber's deformation space, the stiffness of the lateral stop increases rapidly, achieving high stiffness under large deformation. As the axial displacement further increases, the circular stop 42 extends into the stop hole 22 and contacts the steering frame beam, achieving a hard stop function. Moreover, the ratio of the inner diameter G of the stop hole 22 to the outer diameter F of the bottom of the circular stop 42 is G:F=1.2. Chamfers are designed at the top of the stop hole 22 and the bottom of the circular stop 42, which, combined with the tapered design of the circular stop 42, further eliminates the influence of radial misalignment.

[0031] Meanwhile, by setting a cover plate 2 for subsequent assembly at the center of the base plate 1, the retaining ring 31 can be easily demolded after it is formed during the vulcanization process, and the cover plate 2 can be glued to the base plate 1 with metal glue. When the lateral stop is installed, the bogie and the base plate 1 limit the position of the cover plate 2.

[0032] The above embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions should also fall within the protection scope of the invention, which should be defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A variable stiffness composite cross stop with protective function, characterized in that: The assembly includes a base plate (1), a rubber body (3), a wear plate (4), and a cover plate (2). The base plate (1), rubber body (3), and wear plate (4) are vulcanized into a whole, and the cover plate (2) is assembled at the center of the bottom end of the vulcanized assembly. The wear plate (4) is shaped like a frustum, so that the wear plate (4) is surrounded in the conical space of the rubber body (3). Even if the adhesion between the wear plate (4) and the rubber body (3) fails, the wear plate (4) will not fall out. The rubber body (3) is also shaped like a frustum, and the center of the frustum of the rubber body (3) has a through hole along the axial direction. The wear plate (4) is located at... Inside the through hole of the rubber body (3); the center of the bottom plate (1) is also provided with a through hole, and the cover plate (2) is installed at the through hole of the bottom plate (1); the bottom plate (1) is also provided with a stepped hole (12) near the edge of its through hole, and the rubber flows into the stepped hole (12) to form an anti-detachment buckle (32). The end of the stepped hole (12) away from the rubber body (33) is a large hole, and the end near the rubber body (33) is a small hole. The ratio of the diameter of the small hole to the diameter of the large hole is 1:

2. The ratio of the diameter of the anti-detachment buckle (32) at the small hole to the outer diameter of the bottom end of the rubber body (33) is 0.1~0.

2. The wear plate (4) has a downward protruding circular stop (42) at the bottom center; the inner wall of the through hole of the rubber body (3) has a center protruding retaining ring (31). After vulcanization, the circular stop (42) is located inside the retaining ring (31), and the bottom of the circular stop (42) is separated from the retaining ring (31).

2. The variable stiffness composite cross stop with protective function of claim 1, wherein: The ratio of the distance between the edge of the anti-slip buckle (32) and the rubber body (33) in contact with the outer side of the bottom end of the rubber body (33) to the outer diameter of the bottom end of the rubber body (33) is 0.

1.

3. The variable stiffness composite cross stop with protective function of claim 1, wherein: The ratio of the height of the retaining ring (31) to the height of the circular stop (42) is 1.3 to 1.

5.

4. The variable stiffness composite cross stop with protective function of claim 1, wherein: The retaining ring (31) has a structure where the lower opening is larger than the upper opening, and the included angle between the two sides on the same radial direction on the inner side is 6°~10°.

5. The variable stiffness composite lateral stop with protective function as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom diameter of the circular stop (42) is smaller than the diameter of the end connected to the wear plate body (43), and the included angle between the two sides on the same radial direction on the outside is 10°~15°.

6. The variable stiffness composite lateral stop with protective function as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the inner diameter at the lower opening of the retaining ring (31) to the outer diameter at the bottom of the circular stop (42) is 1.3 to 1.

5.

7. The variable stiffness composite lateral stop with protective function as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The cover plate (2) has a stop hole (22) at the center, and the ratio of the inner diameter of the stop hole (22) to the outer diameter of the bottom of the circular stop (42) is 1.2.

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