A metasurface-based transmissive reflective array antenna

Abstract

The application provides a kind of transmission reflection array antenna based on super surface, belong to antenna technical field, including: super surface and the open waveguide feed antenna being arranged in parallel with super surface;Open port radial plane of open waveguide feed antenna and super surface have air gap between;Super surface includes: upper layer PCB and lower layer PCB;First metal grid is arranged on the upper surface of first dielectric substrate;First metal grid is parallelly arranged with 2 N First metal strip;First metal strip is arranged in parallel with one side of first dielectric substrate;Metal component is provided with a metal unit;A metal unit is evenly arranged on the lower surface of first dielectric substrate;Second metal grid is arranged on the lower surface of second dielectric substrate.The application combines super surface according to the design mechanism of Fresnel lens, realizes the reflection beam along normal and the deflection transmission beam;The antenna implementation scheme of the application is intuitive, easy to operate, with the advantages of low cost, light weight, etc.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of antenna technology, specifically relating to a metasurface-based transmission and reflection array antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Transmissive-reflective array antennas with bidirectional radiation capabilities have important applications in micro base stations, tunnel relay communication, indoor wireless communication, and radio frequency identification systems. Compared to transmissive or reflective array antennas with only a single radiation direction, transmissive-reflective array antennas can simultaneously achieve the radiation effects of both arrays, offering advantages such as high integration and multifunctionality.

[0003] The paper "A 1-Bit Bidirectional Reconfigurable Transmit-Reflect-Array Using a Single-Layer Slot Element With PIN Diodes," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 67, no. 9, 2019, proposes a slot array antenna loaded with PIN diodes. By controlling the on / off state of the diodes loaded on each element, deflected transmitted and reflected beams are achieved. However, the transmitted and reflected beams remain symmetrical across all scanning states, which limits its application to some extent. Furthermore, PIN diodes exhibit parasitic effects and block transmitted waves, hindering their application in millimeter-wave and even higher frequency bands.

[0004] The paper "Generation of a High-Gain Bidirectional Transmit–Reflect-Array Antenna With Asymmetric Beams Using Sparse-Array Method, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 69, no. 9, 2021" proposes a sparse array-based transmission-reflection array antenna. The paper utilizes a genetic algorithm to calculate the required phase and amplitude of the metasurface elements at each location on the array surface, enabling beams with different gains and deflection angles. However, using a genetic algorithm increases design time and complexity.

[0005] The paper "Wideband 3-D-Printed Transmit-Reflect-Array Antenna With Independent Beam Control, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol.71, no. 7, 2023" describes the design of a beam-independently controllable transmit-reflect-array antenna using 3D printing technology. This antenna utilizes a large amount of dielectric material, resulting in issues such as high array profile and large size and weight, which are unfavorable for high integration and miniaturization applications. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a metasurface-based transmission and reflection array antenna. The antenna is designed based on the design mechanism of Fresnel lenses to form a metasurface, realizing a reflected beam along the normal direction and a deflected transmission beam, thereby increasing utilization and improving the communication capacity of the antenna.

[0007] The transmission-reflection array antenna includes: a metasurface and an open waveguide feed antenna arranged parallel to the metasurface; there is an air gap between the open port radial surface of the open waveguide feed antenna and the metasurface; The metasurface includes: an upper PCB that is interconnected with each other and a lower PCB that is bonded to the upper PCB; The upper PCB includes: a first metal grid, a first dielectric substrate, and metal components; The lower PCB includes a second metal grid and a second dielectric substrate; The first metal grid is disposed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate; The first metal grid has 2 parallel arranged grids. N A first metal strip; the first metal strip is disposed parallel to one side of the first dielectric substrate; Metal components are equipped with One metal unit; A number of metal units are evenly arranged on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate;

[0008] The second metal grid is disposed on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate; the second metal grid has 2 parallel arrangements. N A second metal strip; the second metal strip is arranged perpendicular to the first metal strip.

[0009] It should be further noted that the open waveguide feed antenna uses the standard waveguide WR-28, with an inner cross-section width of 7.12 mm and a narrow side of 3.556 mm, and an outer cross-section width of 9.14 mm and a narrow side of 5.59 mm. The open waveguide feed antenna is located directly below the center of the metasurface, and the distance between the open end and the metasurface is... F .

[0010] It should be further noted that the metal unit of the metal component is... An umbrella-shaped metal unit, or A square metal unit;

[0011] Among them, the metasurface with umbrella-shaped metal units is defined as the first metasurface unit; The metasurface with square metal units is defined as the second metasurface unit.

[0012] It should be further noted that the umbrella-shaped metal unit includes: a metal arc and a metal parallel double-line structure; The metal arc is symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the metal parallel double-line structure; The center of the metal arc coincides with the center of the metasurface; The metal parallel double-line structure is located on the diagonal of the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, corresponding to the coordinates of the transmission and reflection array antenna. x shaft and y The included angle of the axes is 45°; One end of the parallel metal double line is in contact with the metal arc, and the other end of the parallel metal double line extends toward a corner of the first dielectric substrate.

[0013] It should be further explained that the periodicity of the metasurface p It is 1 / 3 of the free space wavelength corresponding to the antenna center frequency.

[0014] It should be further noted that the side length of the square metal unit and the period of the metasurface are related. p same.

[0015] It should be further noted that the positions of the first metasurface unit and the second metasurface unit are calculated based on the working mechanism of the Fresnel lens, and the first metasurface unit and the second metasurface unit respectively fill different regions of the Fresnel lens. The specific steps are as follows: First, calculate the radius of the Fresnel zone according to the following formula:

[0016] in, r n Indicates the first n The radius of a Fresnel zone, 1≤ n ≤10, λ This represents the free-space wavelength corresponding to the antenna's center frequency. F This indicates the focal length of the Fresnel lens; The first region is the odd Fresnel region, and along the radial direction, the even Fresnel region and the odd Fresnel region are... r n The boundaries alternate; The first metasurface unit is filled when the distance between the center of the metasurface unit and the center of the metasurface satisfies the condition of an odd Fresnel zone; otherwise, the second metasurface unit is filled.

[0017] It should be further noted that the transmission-reflection array antenna operates in a bidirectional radiation mode; the reflected beam is a normal pencil beam with the same polarization direction as the feed antenna, while the transmitted beam has a deflection angle. θ The pen beam has a polarization direction that is orthogonal to the feed antenna.

[0018] It should be further noted that the deflection angle of the transmitted beam... θ By controlling the half-arc angle of the umbrella-shaped metal unit α To change; The specific process is as follows: In electromagnetic numerical simulation software, a metasurface element is modeled, and periodic boundary conditions are set for the half-circle angle of the umbrella-shaped metal element. α Perform parameter scanning to establish the half-arc angle α The mapping relationship between the transmission phase and the half-arc angle is stored as a half-arc angle-transmission phase mapping database for future use. Set the deflection angle of the transmitted beam θ Let the phases of the first metasurface elements in the same row or column be the same, and calculate the phase difference between two adjacent rows or columns of metasurface elements. for:

[0019]

[0020] in, p is the period length of the metasurface unit; Let the phase of the first metasurface unit in the first row or the first metasurface unit in the first column be 0°, and use the phase difference Calculate the phase of the first metasurface unit in each row or column; based on the phase information of the first metasurface unit in each row or column, find the half-arc angle corresponding to the first metasurface unit at each position on the metasurface in the half-arc angle-transmission phase mapping database.

[0021] It should be further noted that both the first and second dielectric substrates are made of Arlon Diclad 880 and have a thickness of 0.762 mm; the two PCB layers are bonded together by a 0.102 mm thick prepreg RO4450F.

[0022] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages: The metasurface-based transmission and reflection array antenna provided in this invention proposes two types of metasurface units and combines them into a metasurface based on the design mechanism of Fresnel lenses, realizing asymmetric reflected and transmitted beams. Furthermore, in this invention, the reflected beam has the same polarization direction as the feed antenna, while the transmitted beam is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the feed antenna, increasing polarization utilization and improving the system's communication capacity.

[0023] The antenna of the present invention does not require control devices such as PIN diodes, and therefore there is no need to consider the parasitic effects and losses caused by such devices; therefore, the antenna of the present invention can operate in millimeter wave or even higher frequency bands.

[0024] Compared to existing technologies that rely on genetic algorithms to calculate the required phase and amplitude of metasurface elements at various positions on the array surface to achieve beams with different gains and deflection angles, the antenna of this invention solves the problem of increased design time and complexity when using genetic algorithms. The solution is intuitive and easy to implement, requiring no algorithmic intervention, thus reducing design complexity, shortening the development cycle, and facilitating rapid, large-scale design and production.

[0025] Compared to existing technologies that utilize 3D printing technology to design beam-independently controllable transmission and reflection array antennas, the antenna of this invention avoids the problems of using a large amount of dielectric material, resulting in high array profiles, large size, and heavy weight. The metasurface of the antenna of this invention adopts mature PCB manufacturing technology, which has advantages such as low cost, low profile height, light weight, and easy integration. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a metasurface-based transmission and reflection array antenna. Figure 2 Front view of a metasurface-based transmission-reflection array antenna; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the metasurface in an antenna; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the first metasurface unit; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the first metal grid in the first metasurface unit; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an umbrella-shaped metal unit; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the first dielectric substrate; Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the second metasurface unit; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the first metal grid in the second metasurface unit; Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a square metal unit; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the second metal grid in the second metasurface unit; Figure 12 For the antenna at 28.5 GHz frequency. φ = Simulation results of the radiation pattern under the 90° plane; Figure 13 For the antenna in φ = Simulation results of the gain of transmitted and reflected beams under the 90° plane as a function of frequency. Detailed Implementation

[0028] In the metasurface-based transmission-reflection array antenna provided by this invention, various embodiments of the present disclosure will be described more fully. The present disclosure may have various embodiments, and adjustments and changes may be made therein. However, it should be understood that there is no intention to limit the various embodiments of the present disclosure to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but rather the present disclosure should be understood to cover all adjustments, equivalents, and / or alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0029] In the metasurface-based transmission-reflection array antenna provided by this invention, the terms "comprising" or "may include" as used in the various embodiments of this disclosure indicate the presence of the disclosed functions, operations, or elements, and do not limit the addition of one or more functions, operations, or elements. Furthermore, as used in the various embodiments of this disclosure, the terms "comprising," "having," and their cognates are intended only to indicate a specific feature, number, step, operation, element, component, or combination of the foregoing, and should not be construed as primarily excluding the presence of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing, or adding one or more combinations of the foregoing.

[0030] In various embodiments of this disclosure, the expression "or" or "at least one of A and / or B" includes any combination or all combinations of the words listed simultaneously. For example, the expression "A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may include A, may include B, or may include both A and B.

[0031] The terms used in the various embodiments of this disclosure (such as "first," "second," etc.) may modify various components in the various embodiments, but do not limit the corresponding components. For example, the above terms do not limit the order and / or importance of the components. The above terms are only used for the purpose of distinguishing one component from others. For example, a first user device and a second user device refer to different user devices, although both are user devices. For example, a first component may be referred to as a second component without departing from the scope of the various embodiments of this disclosure, and similarly, a second component may also be referred to as a first component.

[0032] It should be noted that if a description is made of "connecting" one component to another, then the first component can be directly connected to the second component, and a third component can be "connected" between the first and second components. Conversely, when a component is "directly connected" to another component, it can be understood that there is no third component between the first and second components.

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Please see Figures 1 to 11 The diagram shows a schematic of a metasurface-based transmission-reflection array antenna in a specific embodiment, specifically including: a metasurface 1 and an open waveguide feed antenna 2 arranged parallel to the metasurface 1; an air gap exists between the aperture of the open waveguide feed antenna 2 and the metasurface 1. The open waveguide feed antenna 2 is a standard waveguide WR-28, enabling it to be used for transmitting and controlling signals. In this embodiment, the standard waveguide is a metallic waveguide with a rectangular or square cross-sectional shape. Specifically, the quasi-waveguide WR-28 has an inner cross-section with a wide side length of 7.12 mm and a narrow side length of 3.556 mm, and an outer cross-section with a wide side length of 9.14 mm and a narrow side length of 5.59 mm; it is located directly below the center of the metasurface 1, and the distance between the open end and the metasurface 1 is... F .

[0035] Metasurface 1 includes an upper PCB and a lower PCB bonded to the upper PCB; the two PCBs are bonded together using a prepreg RO4450F. Other media can also be used for bonding.

[0036] The upper PCB includes a first metal grid 3, a first dielectric substrate 7, and metal components; the lower PCB includes a second metal grid 6 and a second dielectric substrate 8. The first metal grid 3 is disposed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 7.

[0037] Optionally, the first dielectric substrate 7 and the second dielectric substrate 8 are both made of Arlon Diclad 880 and have a thickness of 0.762 mm; the two PCBs are bonded together by a 0.102 mm thick prepreg RO4450F.

[0038] For the first metal grid 3 in this embodiment, there are 2 parallel arrangements. N A first metal strip; the first metal strip is arranged parallel to one side of the first dielectric substrate 7; the metal assembly is provided with One metal unit; A number of metal units are uniformly arranged on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 7; a second metal grid 6 is disposed on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 8; the second metal grid 6 has 2 parallel arranged units. N A second metal strip; the second metal strip is perpendicular to the first metal strip. All N values ​​are positive integers.

[0039] To facilitate the description of the transmission-reflection array antenna, a three-dimensional coordinate system can be configured on the metasurface 1. The two sides of the metasurface 1 are the x-axis and y-axis, and the thickness directions of the first dielectric substrate 7 and the second dielectric substrate 8 are the z-axis. The metasurface 1 can be square or rectangular. Based on the three-dimensional coordinate system, the first metal strip is parallel to the side of the first dielectric substrate 7 and... x The axes are parallel; the second metal grid 6 consists of 2 periodically parallel arranged... N It consists of a second metal strip, which is perpendicular to and parallel to the first metal strip. y The axes are parallel and the widths are consistent.

[0040] According to embodiments of this application, metasurface 1 can be divided into The system comprises two metasurface elements, specifically a first metasurface element and a second metasurface element. The period of both metasurface elements is one-third of the free-space wavelength corresponding to the antenna center frequency.

[0041] like Figures 4 to 7 As shown, in each metasurface unit, the first metal grid 3 and the second metal grid 6 are two metal strips, respectively; when the metal component is an umbrella-shaped metal unit 4, this unit is denoted as the first metasurface unit. When the middle metal unit is a square metal unit 5, this unit is denoted as the second metasurface unit, and its structure is as follows. Figures 8 to 11 As shown. The first metasurface unit and the second metasurface unit are identical in all characteristics except for the intermediate metal unit.

[0042] As an example, the umbrella-shaped metal unit 4 includes a metal arc and a metal parallel double-line structure. The metal arc is axially symmetric about the metal parallel double-line structure, and its semi-circular angle can be adjusted as needed. The center of the metal arc coincides with the center of the metasurface unit. The metal parallel double-line structure is located on the diagonal of the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 7, and... x shaft and y The included angle of the shaft is 45°, one end is in contact with the metal arc, and the other end extends towards the corner of the first dielectric substrate 7.

[0043] In this embodiment, the side length of the square metal unit 5 is related to the period of the metasurface unit. p same.

[0044] According to an embodiment of this application, the positions of the first metasurface unit and the second metasurface unit are calculated based on the working mechanism of the Fresnel lens, and the first metasurface unit and the second metasurface unit respectively fill different regions of the Fresnel lens. The specific steps are as follows: First, the radius of the Fresnel region is calculated according to the following formula:

[0045] in, r n Indicates the first n The radius of a Fresnel zone, 1≤ n ≤10, λ This represents the free-space wavelength corresponding to the antenna's center frequency. F This indicates the focal length of the Fresnel lens; the first region is the odd-numbered Fresnel region, and along the radial direction, the even-numbered Fresnel region and the odd-numbered Fresnel region are separated by... r n The boundaries alternate; since the Fresnel lens is composed of metasurface units, the shape of the Fresnel region is not a standard circle. Therefore, when the distance between the center of the metasurface unit and the center of the metasurface 1 satisfies the condition of an odd number of Fresnel regions, the filling unit is the first metasurface unit; otherwise, the filling unit is the second metasurface unit.

[0046] In this embodiment, the antenna operates in bidirectional radiation mode; the reflected beam is a normal pencil beam with the same polarization direction as the feed antenna, and the transmitted beam has a deflection angle. θ The pen beam has a polarization direction that is orthogonal to the feed antenna.

[0047] It should be noted that the deflection angle of the transmitted beam... θ The semi-circular angle of the umbrella-shaped metal unit 4 can be controlled. α The process of making changes is as follows: The metasurface element is modeled in electromagnetic numerical simulation software, and periodic boundary conditions are set for the half-arc angle of the umbrella-shaped metal element 4. αPerform parameter scanning to establish the half-arc angle α The mapping relationship between the transmission phase and the half-arc angle is stored as a half-arc angle-transmission phase mapping database for future use.

[0048] The deflection angle of the transmitted beam of the antenna described in this embodiment is set. θ = 330°, ensuring that the phases of the first metasurface units in the same row or column are the same, and that the structure and parameters of the second metasurface units are unaffected, calculate the phase difference between adjacent rows or columns of metasurface units. for:

[0049]

[0050] in, p denoted as the period length of the metasurface unit.

[0051] Let the phase of the first metasurface unit in the first row or the first metasurface unit in the first column be 0°, and use the phase difference Calculate the phase of the first metasurface unit in each row or column; based on the phase information of the first metasurface unit in each row or column, find the half-arc angle corresponding to the first metasurface unit at each position of metasurface 1 in the half-arc angle-transmission phase mapping database.

[0052] In one exemplary embodiment, the period length of the metasurface unit is p = 3.5 mm; the width of the metal strips in the first metal grid 3 and the second metal grid 6 w 1 = 0.8 mm, metal strip spacing w 2 = 0.95 mm; Width of the parallel double-line structure strip of umbrella-shaped metal unit 4 t = 0.3 mm, length l sh = 3.15mm, gap g = 0.1 mm; the side length of square metal unit 5 is 3.5 mm.

[0053] Figure 12 The antenna described in this invention operates at a frequency of 28.5 GHz. φ = Simulation results of the radiation pattern under the 90° plane. The pointing angle of the transmitted beam is 330°, and the pointing angle of the reflected beam is 180°, consistent with the theoretical settings. The transmitted beam gain is 16.3dBi, and the cross-polarization level is... Sidelobe level less than The reflected beam gain is 15.5 dBi, and the cross-polarization level is... Sidelobe level less than .

[0054] Figure 13The antenna described in this invention is in φ = Simulation results of the gain of transmitted and reflected beams as a function of frequency under a 90° plane. In the frequency range of 27 to 30 GHz, the gain fluctuation of the transmitted beam is less than 3 dB, and the gain fluctuation of the reflected beam is less than 1.1 dB; at any frequency point, the gain difference between the transmitted and reflected beams is less than 2.8 dB.

[0055] The metasurface-based transmission and reflection array antenna provided in this embodiment can realize asymmetric radiation transmission and reflection beams, and the transmission beam has a 90° polarization rotation. The technical solution is clear and feasible. Simulation results verify the correctness of the solution and also show that the antenna has excellent performance. Therefore, this technical solution has important guiding value and application potential.

[0056] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A metasurface-based transmission-reflection array antenna, characterized in that, include: Metasurface (1) and open waveguide feed antenna (2) arranged parallel to the metasurface (1); An air gap exists between the aperture port radial surface of the open waveguide feed antenna (2) and the metasurface (1); The metasurface (1) includes: an upper PCB and a lower PCB bonded to the upper PCB; The upper PCB includes: a first metal grid (3), a first dielectric substrate (7), and metal components; The lower PCB includes a second metal grid (6) and a second dielectric substrate (8); The first metal grid (3) is disposed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate (7); The first metal grid (3) has 2 parallel arrangements. N A first metal strip; the first metal strip is arranged parallel to one side of the first dielectric substrate (7); Metal components are equipped with One metal unit; The metal units are evenly arranged on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate (7); The second metal grid (6) is disposed on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate (8); the second metal grid (6) has 2 parallel arranged... N A second metal strip; the second metal strip is arranged perpendicularly to the first metal strip; The metal component is N×N umbrella-shaped metal units (4) or N×N square metal units (5). Among them, the metasurface unit with the umbrella-shaped metal unit (4) is the first metasurface unit, and the metasurface unit with the square metal unit (5) is the second metasurface unit; The first metasurface unit and the second metasurface unit are arranged according to the working mechanism of a Fresnel lens: the radius of the Fresnel zone is calculated according to the following formula: in, r n Indicates the first n The radius of a Fresnel zone, 1≤ n ≤10, λ This represents the free-space wavelength corresponding to the antenna's center frequency. F The focal length of the Fresnel lens is indicated by the distance between the center of the metasurface unit and the center of the metasurface (1). When the distance between the center of the metasurface unit and the center of the metasurface (1) satisfies the odd Fresnel zone condition, the metasurface unit is the first metasurface unit; otherwise, the metasurface unit is the second metasurface unit.

2. The metasurface-based transmission-reflection array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The open waveguide feed antenna (2) adopts the standard waveguide WR-28, with an inner cross-section width of 7.12 mm and a narrow side of 3.556 mm, and an outer cross-section width of 9.14 mm and a narrow side of 5.59 mm. The open waveguide feed antenna (2) is located directly below the center of the metasurface (1), and the distance between the open end and the metasurface (1) is... F .

3. The metasurface-based transmission-reflection array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The umbrella-shaped metal unit (4) includes: a metal arc and a metal parallel double-line structure; The metal arc is symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the metal parallel double-line structure; The center of the metal arc coincides with the center of the metasurface (1); The metal parallel double-line structure is located on the diagonal of the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate (7), and is aligned with the coordinates of the transmission and reflection array antenna. x shaft and y The included angle of the axes is 45°; One end of the parallel metal double line is in contact with the metal arc, and the other end of the parallel metal double line extends toward one corner of the first dielectric substrate (7).

4. The metasurface-based transmission-reflection array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The period of the first metasurface element and the period of the second metasurface element are both 1 / 3 of the free space wavelength corresponding to the antenna center frequency.

5. The metasurface-based transmission-reflection array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The side length of the square metal unit (5) and the period of the metasurface p same.

6. The metasurface-based transmission-reflection array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first region is the odd Fresnel region, and along the radial direction, the even Fresnel region and the odd Fresnel region are... r n The boundaries alternate.

7. The metasurface-based transmission-reflection array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission-reflection array antenna operates in bidirectional radiation mode; the reflected beam is a normal pencil beam with the same polarization direction as the feed antenna, and the transmitted beam has a deflection angle. θ The pen beam has a polarization direction that is orthogonal to the feed antenna.

8. The metasurface-based transmission-reflection array antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, Deflection angle of transmitted beam θ By controlling the semi-circular angle of the umbrella-shaped metal unit (4) α To change; The specific process is as follows: The metasurface element is modeled in electromagnetic numerical simulation software, and periodic boundary conditions are set for the half-arc angle of the umbrella-shaped metal element (4). α Perform parameter scanning to establish the half-arc angle α The mapping relationship between the transmission phase and the half-arc angle is stored as a half-arc angle-transmission phase mapping database for future use. Set the deflection angle of the transmitted beam θ Let the phases of the first metasurface elements in the same row or the first metasurface elements in the same column be the same, and calculate the phase difference between two adjacent rows or two adjacent columns of metasurface elements. for: in, p is the period length of the metasurface unit; Let the phase of the first metasurface unit in the first row or the first metasurface unit in the first column be 0°, and use the phase difference... Calculate the phase of the first metasurface unit in each row or column; based on the phase information of the first metasurface unit in each row or column, find the half-arc angle corresponding to the first metasurface unit at each position of the metasurface (1) in the half-arc angle-transmission phase mapping database.

9. The metasurface-based transmission-reflection array antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first dielectric substrate (7) and the second dielectric substrate (8) are both made of Arlon Diclad 880 and have a thickness of 0.762 mm. The two PCBs are bonded together by a 0.102 mm thick prepreg RO4450F.

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